ARAB ACADEMY FOR SCIENCE , TECHNOLOGY

AND MARITIME TRANPORT AASTMT

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIROMENTAL DESIGN
DEPARTMENT

SPRING SEMESTER MAY 2017

UNDER-GRADUATE COURSE AR-526

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
DR. SHAIMAA ASHOUR

COMPILED BY ABDULLAH HASHEM

SALMA YOUNIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Fayoum

Max

Port said

Banha

Aswan

Munofia

Quiser

Baharya oasis

3
5
On 14th of April we arrived to our distention which is Tunis village ,
el-fayoum to make our report about the vernacular architecture in this
beautiful village.

the first one we met in tunis village

was Mohamed who is one of tunis
village
residents. he owns a horses stable.
we told him about our aim and
what we are searching for.

He gave us an access to see

three touristic units which was
something very interested.

6
 we go to the masjid to pray through
this wide street which is self shaded
by the side fences and over head
boughs.

after gomaa praying we met ahmed abd-allah

one of the famous dome builders in the village.
he let us to visit some of his buildings.
he refused to talk any money for his
services.

the first
building
we visit
was his
lounge.
which is
next to
his home.

7
 While we are
walking in the
streets we saw
lots of beautiful
wall drawings
on the fences.

The second building we visit was a resedential building but the owner
is coming only in vacation
he said that he designed this building from a-z.

8
 Then we leave our guide ahmed
abd-allah (the dome builder).
we start to cruse in the streets of the
village we found a board written
on it with handwriting (caricature
museum) we decided to enter to see
what is behind this random board
and our guide in this museum was
one of the most famous caricature
artists in egypt his name is
Mohamed Abla.

After finishing our visit to the museum we decide to ride the car and to
start cruise in the city to see
another things we found a direction board to something called qasr
qaroun.
we follow the direction to see what is we didnot know if qasr qaroun
is a name of a city or a palace name after we arrive we find a huge
pharonic
9
 after visiting we found a farmer home in the main
road we parked the car and went to this guy asking
him to take some pictures to support our report he
was very helpful and friendly.

then we asked him to enter the corral and he was very welcoming and
asking if we want to enter the home but there was women in the home
so we refused to be silly and they asked to take a dinner with them.

10
 after leaving the farmer house
we visited the next destination
which is the pottery school this
school was designed by the
famous egyptian architect hassan
fathi but build by local builders.

this design was very hard to construct because the buildings are
about to extinct.
so the builders are very hard to find but in this case they collect-
ed the local builders and teach them how to build this.

11
 the first building we will analyis in our report is the touristc unit
which is in the area of zad el-mosafer hotel.

2 1

Plan extirior shot of the unit

the living space Handmade decoration element with

covered by vault with curved openning in recessed area in the wall to make built
the top of the wall in shelf.

2 open kitchen to
living area with
fixed counter made
of brick which is
the same material
of the building.

3
high window sill to take in the consideration
the south facade.
In conclusion this is made to be rent by
tourists but they took the theme of the area
and built it in the same style and try to
make the building to be connected to nature
as much as they could by using natural
the toilet with recessed points on the wall materials.
for the shelves and the toilet unit.

12
the second building we will analyis is lounge of the dome builder ahmed
abdallah

2 3

exterior shot shows the terrace, the building

enterance and the water feature which are
shaded with the palm leaf

wall lamp made

of paper
the main recep-
tion
1 which is covered
by wooden ribs
ceiling

out door
2 Glass block partition
storage for his
to separate between
the kitchenet and the
building tools
seating area.

3
toilet

13
 the third building we will analyis is a residential villa designed and
construct by ahmed abdallah but its
owners are coming only in vacations
3 4

7
6 1 2
8
9 5

5 open kitchen 6 out door corridor

1 entrance lobby 2 winter outdoor

lounge

7 reception space with decorative 8 rooms cor-

recessed points on the wall ridor
3 bedroom with 4 toilet with
fixed bed built recessed point 9 stairs to the
by brick on wall to use as roof lounge
shelfe with glass
decorations.

14
the forth building is the farmer house which was in the main road

living area

1outdoor storage for the farming tools 2 in door corral

in this farmer house the builder try to
achive the user needs by making a direct
access between the living space and the
corral and the outdoor tools storage
When it comes to crunch we conclude
from this visit that people in this
village are very friendly they know well
how to respect the user in their building
through the respectivity of the climate
Corral ceiling is made by palm leaf while in the and by achieving the user needs. most
other side the living area is made by concrete of thier buildngs have built-in fixed
furniture. Tunis village are very
ntersting village to be visited
15
 16

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For the first time to know that Alexandria has a small
branch from the nile except Rashid and Damietta ,
yes its in Max .We went to Max city in Alexandria to
see one of the hidden beauty in Egypt its a truly
Arabs Venice first we saw how the holy Quran
applied in our country like the verse said the Nile
branch goes against the sea flows and the never get
mixed subhan Allah. It was one of excitements to let
us discover more about this beautiful city and go
through every tiny street.
First our timing to go there wasnt that good we went
after a church explosion so we couldnt take enough
data from there , Max city is divided into two places
the city that we all know from Egyptian movies
captured there for example, el shabah &
Bolteia al aima. Etc so this place called
ezzbet el sayadeen its captured in our minds with
the running scene of ahmed ezz between houses and
fighting with bassem samra then he was through In
a sea... Actually this sea wasnt in the ezzbet el saydeen
it was in max chalets.Ezzbet el sayadeen was named
by this name for the reason that all people
there are working in fishing and how to make fishing
boats so all people there were fishers,

18
hence the max chalets was one of the best places ever in Egypt
since there residents were all English men after the revolution
accommodate and all the houses were built with wood thats
used in making boats to prevent corrosion and humidity al-
though its easy in maintenance and also play role in thermal
controlling

People there were so kind to us , we first went to maxchalet

there is a beautiful scene there from years ago it was an attrac-
tion place because of the big rock in the sea that you can step
on and go to be in the center
of sea and also because of the light house
( one of the previous 7 world wonders )

the beautiful scene that you can see from max

We asked a guy called Ahmed Hassan he is a worker

there he told us that this place in the 50s and before
all houses are built by boat wood but recently they
build houses using concrete and paints because in our
country the wood isnt available to build houses
any more so the easy way to make home for anyone
is to build a cube using concrete.

19
shows the different two materials used in building the houses (wood and
concrete).

One of our lucky points that when we were there, there was a semi wedding
they called it
Kind of celebration and showing others the bride and groom furniture. The
celebration was a DJ and some lorry cars and the furniture is on the cars and
people was celebrating and greetings each other .
Each family there their main job is relating to fishing and making boat but
with the new generation there was a pilot, doctor, engineer and teacher , etc
but in their free time they are working with parents in making boats and nets
for fishing.

Almost each house has a boat the he is doing in front of his house
20
 Then we moved to ezzbet el sayadeen ( the famous
place Arabs Venice ) its two main rows of houses
passing between them a branch of nile river
and behind every row of house its a hill with narrow
pedestrian paths have houses aligned the paths .
This place behind the river is where the running scene
in El-shabah movie is captured there.
Our image about this place before we go there is that
its a huge city penetrated by water branches like
Venice but when we arrived there we found that its
a linear space divides into 3 things river branch
sided by two rows of houses and buildings .

21
Some of the houses were left because when the
Raffah Path is closed the boats were useless so
people left this place to go and search for another
vacancy. So they left the place with boats and went.
The most common dress code for men and women
is normal dress code but most of women wore
Jalabya and men a chemise and pants so they are
mostly a city residents but with Mediterranean culture

This photo shows how they are mixed culture its a

panorama photo shows how its a normal town but
it has an extra space and place in the country by
locating itself in this beautiful view.
Materials used in building ezzbet el sayadeen houses
is bricks and concrete most of houses height isnt like
common buildings in Alexandria its maximum 5 floors
not a tower .

22
 Last but not least this was a wonderful experience
for us to discover a place that we are hearing about
it but never visited so we can see the beauty of our
Egypt. Its a beautiful place but our opinion that if
there is someone can redesign the elevations of
ezzbet el sayadeen and it become cleaner it could
be a touristic site again like before when it was a
attraction place for everyone in the world so it can
help the country in refreshing the tourism again . But
everything else was going good however some people
was worry from us especially that our timing to visit
the place was not that right because it was after the
church explosion but another people was kind to us
and very helpful and they wanted to help us by any
way and this trip make us wanted to explore more
places in our country so we can tell the world how
beautiful Egypt and Egyptian people are.

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We see a lot of houses and they are have same concept of building they are build
by bricks and cover it with mud they cove it with mud because it make Moisturizes
the air in the summer and warm the house in the winter and its a great
environmental solution and the take it from the past and also their culture affect the
design of the building . They build the building to divided into apartments the
father built the building and make floors to his children to live with him in the
same building , and also they love the social gathering to meet and talk , and solve
their problems together so each building have a big terrace that is meet every night
in it . And they also have a small conference hall that they do their events .

conference hall

Conclusion
Finally, we considered the village is agriculture land but we didnt find that we
found a residential building, the people in the village love their life and the
environmental around them , the people in village love each other and very
helpful .so, we seen the living affected on their buildings design like the people
we live in building is one family .so, they make their building special like in
every building found very large terrace make social meeting & gathering

35
36
37
when you see the wide nile branch beside you has
sailing boats and birds with the mountains in the
background after the greeneries creating a Picturesque
beautiful view then you have arrived to Aswan..

38
the journey of going to elnuba using launch in the nile and when you started
to sea the features from so far of the nubian village , the colors , the dome
you feel you are arriving at a happy place

Before we visited the Nubia when I hear vernacular architecture the first thing
that came on my mind is Nubia because its buildings represent the vernacular
architecture in a very strong and different way so because of that we decided
to visit Nubia to explore this great place.
And it was a great experience when we visited we felt that the place had a
certain spirt that reflects the peoples life and culture for me the best kind of
architecture is the one that we feel it so it makes us feel what this place is not
only see it and that was applied their its buildings say all of the story their
buildings represent their country.

39
 Seheil Island in west Aswan

The Dwellings extended along the Nile at

irregular intervals in a staggered line more or less
parallel to the river following the natural contours of the
ground. The Orientation throughout Nubia, principal
entrances to the houses faced the river, whether they
were on the west banks of the Nile

40
taking enviromental aspects ino consideration
walking through this place in winter with a comfortable weather
They are Using sun dried mud bricks in building process: Using sun dried
mud bricks in building process is suitable for hot arid areas that experiment
has proved that mud brick is most appropriate for achieving thermal comfort
and mud-brick wall has a high thermal resistance comparing with other build-
ing materials.
The existence of interior courtyard performs an important function as a mod-
ifier of climate in hot arid areas. It allows outdoor activities with protection
from the wind, dust and sun. Interior courtyards serve both as light-wells and
as air-wells into which the cool, dense air sinks at night.
Lack of windows in elevation increases the area of solid walls which help
decrease thermal transfer from outer space to inner space.
Using light colors in painting external walls to reflect sun rays and reduce
absorbance of heat.
Upper openings help good ventilation that they provide access for hot air
which rises up and out through upper openings.

41
 Urban tissue
walking through the nubian village make you feel the inimate scale
and the shadow of houses
The village is formed according to topography of sight; even inside
the Nubian house may found different levels which not found in
most of other Egyptian traditional villages.
Nubian village is characterized by its Compact urban tissue and roads in
Nubian settlements are not straight and always follow the natural shape
of the site. The size of the road can be so narrow that only can be passed
by two pedestrians. During hot days, the people like to sit outside in front
of their houses. The streets are narrowed to allow the maximum shade
and shadow.
Most of Nubian traditional villages are located in the Nile shore. So the
orientation of buildings and paths related to the Nile.
Nubians try to achieve privacy starting from urban scale, they build
separate buildings which surrounded by four street from all directions to
prevent attachment between building that provide more privacy.

SUSTAINABILITY IN NUBIAN TRADITIONAL HOUSE

Zeinab Feisal Abd El Kader 1) and Reham Ibrahim Momtaz 2) 42
 Most of the houses were built in the form of a rectangle
with an area roughly from 200 to 1000 m 2, it depends
on the site and topography, most of houses in west
Seheil attached and smaller than houses in west Aswan
The Nubian house is considered one of the most important features of Nu-
bia. It has a lot of values like the cultural, historical, social and environmen-
tal value. So it can be a fertile field for studies and researches.
So culture and nature play a vital role in shaping main features of the Nu-
bian architecture,
Most of the houses were built in the form of a rectangle and it consists of
the following:
When we go to the entry the entrance is measured as an important space in
the Nubian house that it provides privacy that, it acts as a transitional space
between the inner and outer space. It may has been covered by a dome in
case of squared space or by a vault in case of rectangular space and some-
times covered with a flat roof.
. Mandara is the guest room, located next to the main entrance and opens the
inner courtyard right inside the house.
The Courtyard of the house opens on all rooms of the
house and carpeted floor with sand for sitting.

Nubian Vernacular Architecture Technique to Enhance Eco-Tourism in Egypt

Walid Fouad Omar Moustafa Department of Architecture, 43
the Nile has been a part of Nubian tradition and it has been related to
many myths which are still alive in Nubians sentiment. Therefore, the
Nile has been a vital factor in planning of Nubian traditional village. It
influences building orientation that most buildings main elevations and
entrances are looking at the Nile.
Quran verses or religious statements appeared on some houses eleva-
tions, and sometimes pilgrimage drawings which considered as a way
for rejoicing of Hajj, and considered a mean for the declaration that the
house owner had performed this duty. In addition to using triangle in
wall decoration symbolizes the link between the earth and the sky.
Also Writing Religious statements on external walls to prevent jealousy.
Staining walls protects from jealousy that the symbol of printed hand on
the elevation attracts the eye of the envier first in order not to envy or
hurt the house but now is used only as a tradition for people attraction

Nubian Vernacular Architecture Technique to Enhance Eco-Tourism in Egypt

Walid Fouad Omar Moustafa Department of Architecture,
44
The people there are distinguished by their hospitality. They estab-
lish a building in the center of the village to guest visitors from other
neighbor villages. For them this building is the communal guest-
house called Al Madiafa
the people are very friendly and welcoming

you really feel belonging to this place and those family

and that is a peacful beautiful enviroment to live in forever

45
History of El Qusier:
AL QUSEIR IS AN ANCIENT CITY
FOUND ON THE COASTAL OF THE
RED SEA WHERE THE POPULATION El Sultan Selim I ordered to con-
OF 42,000 APPROXIMATELY struct the fort to protect the com-
mercial port and ensure the safety
of thousands of Muslims who are
going through in this area on their
way to Haj every year . After sev-
eral centuries, the French emperor
Napoleon Bonaparte realized the
strategic importance of the city and
sent his solders to occupy it , but
they didnt succeed

1869 THE SUIZ CANNEL WAS

OPENED AND THAT WAS THE
DEADLY BOMB TO THE QU-
SEIR AS IT WILL NOT BE USED
AGAIN IN TRADING ROAD

THE QUSEIR RESIDENCE HAVE

A STRONG IDENTITY AND BE-
LONGING TO THEIR BELOVED
CITY

The brief history of the city dates

back to the fifteenth century BC
in the reign of Queen Hatshepsut ,
which took advantage of this coast-
al city Thageo as a base for the
launch of the famous naval service
to the country, Punt-land. It was a
great spiritual importance and was
an important trade partner with an-
cient Egypt.
 ALL OLD BUILDINGS WERE
BUILT BY USING STONES AND
DEAD CORAL REEFS THEY
WERE CUT AND USED AS
BUILDING MATERIAL

Old buildings are in classic French and British styles, with

architecture (wooden terraces and the mashrabia) windows

and doors are wooden and they are arced shape even in the
new buildings
Quseir Fort

Second day between Quseir and Mars-Alam.

Trip to Quseir.
El Quseir fort, remnant from the past that shows the power of this city
when it was a powerful port for pilgrims, phosphate transfer and trad-
ing, its a great touristic site that contains small exhibitions that gives
information about different topics all related to the city and its history
and people, the tower inside the fort has an amazing view of the city and
the sea.
Its a preservation of history, buildings are hidden language of the past,
its well preserved well informative.
Built in the traditional way of building, bricks that is said to be coral
reefs, and tafla mud. The south bastion is a small exhibition that is set
into two parts the first part is for ships and red seas harbours, the second
part is for foreign trade goods
 SHIP CANNONS CARRAGE

SHIP CANNONS

SOUTH BASTION
1:ships and
red seas
harbours
2:foreign
trade goods

Built in the traditional way of building, bricks that

is said to be coral reefs, and tafla mud. The south
bastion is a small exhibition that is set into two
parts the first part is for ships and red seas har-
bours, the second part is for foreign trade goods

over the doors there is

a wooden lintel
THE VIEW FROM THE TOWER
 NORTH BASTION

the new dome which is clear in entrance to the dome

the section below, there are win-
dows on the side to bring in light
to the space

The north bastion is the house of the Ababda, we will talk about them in
a letter chapter. but the architecture talks for its self, the space is well
light
 ENTRANCE
Starting with the entrance,
very rustic, there is a lobby
like space with a pot for
vegetation, which shows
that they cared for the
aesthetic aspect of the space
even though it doesnt show
in any other part of the fort.
the door is metallic large
door which shows strength

PHOSPHAT MINNING EXHIBITON CAMEL LINE

What is unique about this picture other mud and bricks to make a
than the phosphate train an railway that spots for teing the camels
takes us to a trip to the past is the solar down.
panels. simple structure for a very
imporant use for them.
 there is also a time line of the fort British attack on Quseir fort
WATER TANK

There are two If you are scared from

boards inside the heights you will have to
tower talking about put on your courage helmet
the hajj and its on, because the view from
effect on Quseir the top is breath taking,
you can see the city of Qu-
seir you can see the sea the
stairs are unique and gives
you a special experience, it
boards inside the tower takes you to the top where
DAR SAED LAWAZ

Entrance lobby for visitors

living room isoated from the rooms

They closed the court yard Top wndows are always opeened for ven-
tialtion and its totally private
The cieling is
made of palm
tree branches
then covered
by palm leaves

GROUND FLOOR FIRST FLOOR

The Italians established the phosphate company in 1916 as the Egyptian
desert was full of phosphate most of the quseir men were working there
and it was a main income in the Quseir

They also built a church they added

to the quseisr a glimpse of rise in life
style and in architecture
 The tribes are voyagers looking for
water and food for their cattle they live
on hunnting, catteling and many of them
live on getting the gold form the deser
and selling it.

The-Ababdah have temprory dwellings made of a small temprorary skelaton

that is made of tree branches known as (khaisha) covered with cloth or wool
when they are moving they unfasten the hut skelaton and transfare it by cam-
els to the new settling place as well as some of their belongengs. But on the
road near the coast they made their homes with wood branches and it is more
setteledT

Women role is
catteling, rais-
ing children and
making their
own dishes and
cooking pots and
decorating their
homes
 They use plants and trees in med-
icen and daily life usage and they
use natural leather in making their
acessories.

Akasia trees used in treeting

desease and they use it to
make arabian glue

Each necles is made

within three days it
is totaly handmade
each part of the ne-
cles is made on its
own then it is com-
bined together

Balah al sokar looks like dates

used in treating diabetes

The Ababda tribes

Hand made acessories

Desert greeneries
They decorate their walls
by cladding or drawing on
it stone shapes with warm
colors specially on non
residential buildings
BAHARYA
OASIS
The city of port said is located at the north
eastern Mediterranean coast of Egypt directly
at northern entrance of Suez canal which is
Egypts artificial sea level water way for inter-
national navigation connecting miditterenean
sea and the red sea by shortening the travel
time from Europe to south asia .port said is fifth
largest city of Egypt. City of port said followed
continuous process of urban design and de-
velopment and expansion trying to overcome
natural boundaries of meditterenean sea and
lake manzalah.
way to port saeed

port saeed new gate elsalam bridge the highest bridge

in egypt passes thrugh suez canal

el afrang destrict
Was mainly inhabited by foreigners and few high collar Egyptians working
for scc , or large trading corporations. Although the afrang was planned
according to grid system ,radial roads leads to squares makes it more com-
plex . the buildings plot were distinctly larger than those in the arab giving
a sense of spaciousness. A different quality of life is apparent in its urban
planning decisions where multiple of recreational, social gathering and cul-
tural expressions exists that was witnessed by presence of large boulevards
and trees and arcades and public gardens and sporting clubs . Main streets
are named after Egyptian rulers of Egypt and some important foreign
figures like king fouad , de leceps , the founder of suez canal execution
plan and empress Eugenie wife of napoleon 3 who was a friend of khedive
Ismael and was in vited to the canal inauguration. The urban design of the
place is inviting and humanistic accommodating cultural activities and
gatherings and religious practice like monumental churches beautifully
manipulated and kept as ancient monument.the life style there was more
European in character the residential streets were quite and lined up with
trees.shopping streets were with arcades ,coffee shops that have extension
to the pavemtents.
the frang destrict
the arab district

Originally the area were workers who come from different parts of Egypt
while digging suez canal.After it was decides by suez canal company to be
the neighborhood for natives who stayed after construction work if the canal
was accomplished. They mainly worked in the low ladder of labor like ser-
vices ,manual work and small merchandise , especially bambouties trading
goods with passing ships . how ever the bambouties character was used as
a cartoon to symbolize the inhabitants of port said with all its positive and
negative features and character and personality . the arab was planned as
simple grid system with relatively small buldings , the area lacked any open
space or squares for gathering and do social activities. The grid has two road
widths very large for main roads and very small roads for secondary service
. the main roads is decorated with wooden arcades ,bawaky and the noarrow
is considered service roads the main roads is named after arab and egpytians
heroes which is attempt in incorporating cultural identity.
THE DELICEPS

DELICEPS
One of the main historic attraction locat-
ed on the edge of suez canal and portsaid
museum, portsaian citizen removed it
and throught it in the port of port fouad,
because they believed its a symbol of
hunger and as lots of Egyptian died in suez
canal project.
Avery good starts of portsaid citizen to
represent their love to other couple by
putting a lock on the wall of deliecps and
throught it in water as represent of there
love and looked it.
Touristic walking is new made to watch
the suez canal and ships passing by port-
said. L never seen a ship before its really
very big
traditions in port saeed
semsemya festivals and
traditional music

festivals in portsaeed
Tradition
Semsmya is very famous music in Suez canal cities especially in port said.
It start with the fisher man dancing and singing together in very different
way the music as well as the dance is very unique and looks wonderful.

Allam el be7ar restaurant

One of the oldest restaurant in portsaid that serve seafood its famous with
its vernacular design and located in old bazzar that is very well designed.

El fara7
The street is full of light and ballons written on it the name of the brides.
Thats why in some books they called it the city of light

Sham l nassem fest

A very unique activity happen there called ollemby that discussed the
main topic in the field of politics
Made of women socks filled with old paper and they put it in the street

PORT FOUAD

Did you watch el shabah movie they put an scene in it and written down
beiurt. Its avery beautiful spot in Egypt that no one can say its in Egypt.
With its good arrangement of building, street network and square.
what we saw building in port said
light colour facades and the common structure sys-
tem is shear walls and wood in balconies specially in
arab region. and welcoming streets
so clean environment

WOOD STRUCTURE SHELTER IN WARS

PORT SAEED MAIN PORT

maadia considered main trnasportation

between port saeed and port foadt

port saeed is considered one of the most important and biggest ports in egypt
which is very important location and an entry to suez canalt

suez canal company building

located in sea
first concrete building in middle east
The main transportation between portfouad and portsaid is ferry madya per-
haps is the only way to go throught the canal, as there is only a bridge cross
the suez canal but is located far away from portsaid called el salam bridge its
the tallest bridge in Egypt that allow huge ships to pass throught under it.
Seuz canal main building is very nice building with a very unique design from
interior and exterior. I entered it. Its very huge from inside. And builded on
the water that makes it more amazing to me.
Portsaid light tower
Is the first concrete build in Africa

Conclusion

We choose port said as we heared a bad stuff about it after the match between
alahly and masry.
But we found people there is very nice and friendly. I really would like to
go other again to enjoy the good weather. The styles there are divided to two
main style colonial style this is in el afrang district and portfouad and ver-
nacular style in el arab district. The arab district is consider as a vernacular
as the poor worker build it in in designed way but is also a beautiful building
and unique as its made of wood that is not he point its that 4 stories wooden
building that never happen. Colonial style took a lot of Egyptian concepts in
design and devolve it like masrabya and wooden ballacony. But frenck made
a shape that they feel its besuty the pitched roof that is no nessacary for our
shiny climate.
AL MUNOFEYA
COUNTRY HOUSE
INTRODUCTON

Before the development of modern architecture and the development of

methods and techniques of construction, the old builders used different
methods to build their homes and their needs, They have acquired over
time experience and expertise inspired by nature and the ocean to meet
their needs and overcome the various factors of nature and to build a
habitat suited to their surroundings and characterized by sustainability
and ease of construction and use the materials around them and the pos-
sibilities to create a comfortable environment commensurate with their
living conditions and meet Their needs, The building methods differed
in ancient times and varied over the ages depending on the environment
and the different needs and resources available.
Egypt is characterized by a great diversity of cultures and civilizations that
have experienced and varied the methods of construction and architec-
ture in the old and recent
From the time of the Pharaohs until today, Some examples and methods
of construction have remained until today, but after the development of
construction technology and machinery began to fade and the appear-
ance of some kind of architecture may not be appropriate to the ocean or
place and may not be characterized by sustainability and preservation of
the environment, One of the earliest examples of construction in Egypt
is the country house, which has been in the same style as the design for
decades.
The Nile River is the life blood of Egypt and the beginning of its ancient
civilization.
People used to live on farming and raising animals.
And on the banks of the Nile. They built their houses next to their land
and were characterized by simplicity of design.
IN AL MENOFYA, ASHMON VILLEGE country house diverse from
big one to small ones belongs to rich people who own the land and the
farmers who worked in thier lands .
All the countryside house have things in common.
The way they built.
The function in the house.
The materials.
The houses in the Nile basin vary according to their geographical position. In
the north of the delta, the houses were small and often did not have an open
lobby inside the houses unlike the house in the south that
Has a courtyard in the middle.

the main difference between north and south country houses is the courtyard
north houses don`t have couryards inside unlike the south hosues that mainly
have courtyards .

the house spaces cosists of .

living space which contained a space
with seatings and the oven that was
used to make breads and cooking
foods , some times it`s inside the
house and sometimes beside the
house .
from this living space you can access to the bed rooms directly and to
the guest room which has an access from outside for privacy .
thier is alos a staircase to the roof wich some times it`s a place for
animals and some times it`s a second floor with more bed rooms and
livinig spaces for women and children.

al zaribah is the place where farmers put thier animals in and store thier
goods of farming , some times zaribahs located inside or beside the
house and some times it`s standing alone .
building materilas and construction methods.
the structure systems of the houses was bearing walls for one or two
floors using a kind of bricks called mud bricks .
mudbricks is a mixture of loam , mud and water mixed with a blinding
material like straws or rice husks

The bricks are sealed and reinforced

with wooden beams and covered with
mud .
the roof is made of wooden beams
coverd with wicker and straw ,but if
thier was a seconed floor it should be
crossing beams to carry more loads.
the mud bricks advantage is that is easy to make and light and easy to
constructed , and it has several environmental factors for trap heat in
winter and making spaces cold inside in the winter ,
the some times using thier animals waste in thier mud for its envoron-
metal factors .

trompa is a water feature which

get water from underground
another water supply beside the
nile river and it`s branches

OLA AND ZEER is a water

features for drinking water with
it`s properties for coling and
filltering water .
on of the parts of the house is the Dovecote wich is an iconic feature
of the egyptian country side .
it`s like a cone we a semicircular top with holes all over the side with
sticks in each hole for the dove to stand on

sometimes when it is small it could be on or beside the house . or

sometimes it stands alone when it`s big
 main living aada and en-
al zareba area trance
bedrooms
pictures from an old country
house
 AL-MAX
PORT-SAEED
MUNOFYA
BENHA
FAYOUM

BAHARYA OASIS

QUSIER

ASWAN
biography:
MUNOFYA BENHA
ABDULLAH HASHEM DINA FATHI

ABDULLRAHMAN
RAGEH SHEREN ABUSHADY

MOHAMED GAMEL

FAYOUM AL-MAX

AHMED GAMAL NADA ASHRAF

YASMIN
ALI SOLIMAN
ABDELMONEM

MOAZ SHAABAN PORT-SAEED

KHALED
HOSSAM
BAHARYA OASIS
MAHMOUD
ABDALLRAHMAN MOHEB METWALY

AHMED AL ZYAN AYMAN ABOGENDY

QUSIER
MOHAMED AL MALAH
LOJIN DIDI
NOURHAN AHMED
ASWAN
AHMED FAHMI
SALMA YOUNIS

FATEMA GAMAL