Introduction to Prestressed Concrete

Section Analysis

LB3 Civil Engineering ITS

Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya

Last Edited Feb-2015

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 1 / 16

Objectives:

Upon completion of this topic, student will be able to:

Say the source of prestressed losses.
Use Lump Sum loss prediction.
Understand direct and in-direct losses.
Calculate Elastic Shortening loss.
Calculate friction and wobble effect loss.
Calculate Loss from Anchorage Slip.
Calculate loss of prestress caused by Shringkage, Creep, and
relaxation (time dependent).

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 2 / 16

Concepts of Prestressing
Q
fc

a)

ft
Q

h
fc fc 2fc a). Simple beam
b) P P 2
+ =

0
with load.
fc ft = fc
2Q
0 2fc 2fc
b). Simple beam
c)
P P
2h
3 + = with concentric
2Q
2fc 2ft = 2fc 0
prestress.
0 2fc 2fc
d) P
h
3 P
h
2
+ = mid
c). Simple beam
span
2fc 2ft = 2fc 0 with variable
fc fc

+ =
ends
section
eccentricity.
Q fc
0
ft = fc = 0
fc fc
fc
d). Simple beam
e) P
h
3 P
h
2
+ = mid
span
with balance
2fc
fc
ft = fc fc

fc
load.
ends
+ = section

fc ft = fc = 0 fc

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 3 / 16

Analysis and Design of Section

Analysis
Determination of stress in steel and concrete at given loads and section.

Design
Choose the shapes and dimensions of section, conformed with loads
and functions of the structures.

Sign Convension
Plus(+) for compression and minus(-) for tension.

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 4 / 16

Notation for Flexure

Ac = Area of concrete
yt
Kt
Aps = Area of prestressing steel
C.G C.G
dp dp = Distance top fiber to Aps
h Kb
e0 = excentricity
e0 F
I = Moment of Inertia
yb dc
yt = c.g.c to top fiber
yb = c.g.c to bottom fiber

Zt = I/yt = Section modulus with respect to top fiber

Zb = I/yb = Section modulus with respect to bottom fiber
p
r = I/Ac = radius of giration
Kt = I/Ac yb = Zb /Ac = r2 /yb = top fiber to center of kern
Kb = I/Ac yt = Zt /Ac = r2 /yt = bottom fiber to center of kern
(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 5 / 16
Parallel axis theorem

X X b b
X X
G
C.G
G h h

bh3 bh3
IX = IG + A 2 IG = 12 IX = 3

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 6 / 16

Example of sectional properties
60
X X
6 1 6
51

36 9 36 2

3 9
9
9 9
18

Part Area(Ai ) i Ai i Ai i2 (IG )i (Ix )i

1 51 6 = 306 3 918.0 2754 918 3672
2 9 36 = 324 18 5832.0 104976 34992 139968
3 9 9 = 81 31.5 2551.5 80372.25 546.75 80919
711 9301.5 224559
yt = Ai i /Ac = 9301.5/711 = 13.08, yb = 36 13.08 = 22.92
I = IX Ac y2t = 102916, Zt = 7868, Zb = 4490
kt = Zb /Ac = 6.32, kb = Zt /Ac = 11.07
(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 7 / 16
Sign Conventions

Sign convention for stresses in concrete

Plus (+) for compressive stresses in concrete
Minus (-) for tensile stresses in concrete
Sign convention for moment is

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 8 / 16

Load-Deflection Response

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 9 / 16

Boneded vs Unbonded deflections

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 10 / 16

Stress in Concrete due to Prestress(concentric)
A concentric pretensioned member have a cross section of 200x300mm.
It is concentrically prestressed with 516 mm2 high-tensile steel wire,
which is anchored to the bulkheads of a unit stress of 1034 N/mm2 .
Assuming n = 6, compute the stresses in concrete and steel
immediately after transfer.
Solution:
1 An exact theoretical solution. Using elastic theory we have:

Fi Fi
fc = =
Ac + nAs Ag + ( n 1 ) As
516 1034
= = 8.5 MPa
200 300 + (6 1) 516
nfc = 6 8.5 = 51 MPa

Steel stress after transfer fs = 1034 51 = 983 MPa

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 11 / 16

 2 An approximate solution. The loss of prestress in steel due to
elastic shortening of concrete is estimate by

Fi
fpE = n
Ag
516 1034
= 6 = 53.35 MPa
200 300
Stress in steel after loss fs = 1034 53.35 = 980.6 MPa
Stress in concrete is

980.6 516
fc = = 8.43 MPa
200 300
The approximate solution is more convenient and is usually followed.

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 12 / 16

Stress in Concrete due to Prestress(eccentric)
A pretensioned member have a cross section of 203x305mm. It is
eccentrically prestressed with 516 mm2 high-tensile steel wire, which is
anchored to the bulkheads of a unit stress of 1034 N/mm2 . The c.g.c is
101.6mm from bottom fiber. Assuming n = 6, compute the stresses in
concrete immediately after transfer due to prestressed only.
Solution:
1 An exact theoretical solution. Using elastic theory centroid of
transformed section and its moment of inertia are obtained as
follows:
Transformed section area (n 1)As = (6 1) 516 = 2580 mm2
2580 101.6/2 2580 50.8
y0 = = = 2.032 mm
203 305 + 2580 64495
203 3053
It = + 203 305 2.0322 + 2580 (101.6/2 2.032)2
12
= 485.9 106 mm4
(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 13 / 16
Top fiber stress

e = 101.6/2 2.032 = 48.75 mm

Fi = 516 1034 = 533544 N
F F eyt
fct = i i
At It
533544 533544 (48.76) (305/2 + 2.032)
= =0
64495 485.9 106
Bottom fiber stress
Fi F ey
fcb = + i b
At It
533544 533544 (48.76) (305/2 2.032)
= +
64495 485.9 106
= 16.34 MPa

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 14 / 16

 2 An approximate solution. The loss of prestress can be computed
as previous example, to be 53.35 MPa. Hence the reduced
prestress is 980.6 MPa. Extreme fiber stress can be computed to be

Fi = 980.6 516 = 506013.13 N

e = 305/2 101.6 = 50.9 mm
F F ey
fc = i i
Ag Ig
506013.13 506013.13 50.9 305/2
fct = =0
203 305 (203 3053 )/12
506013.13 506013.13 50.9 305/2
fcb = + = 16.37 MPa
203 305 (203 3053 )/12
Approximate solution easier to use and often used because of its
simplicity.

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 15 / 16

Home Work

60
A post tensioned member as figure
6
at left, with concrete strength on
jacking is 30 MPa. If prestressing
9
tendon is grade 1860 , and the
36
5 - 12.7mm jacking force on tendon was 75%
seven wire strand f .
pu
15
9
Assume total loss of prestress is
20%
18
Calculate the stress on extreme fiber of concrete by approximate
method due to prestress only and check if the stress exceed the
concrete strength capacity

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete II First Ed Apr 2015 16 / 16