BS EN 196 Part 2-1995 PDF

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN
196-2:1995
Methods of testing
cement
Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement
The European Standard EN 196-2:1994 has the status of a

British Standard
BS EN 196-2:1995
Cooperating organizations
The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision

this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards
organizations of the following countries:
Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut

Belgium Institut belge de normalisation
Denmark Dansk Standard
Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y.
France Association franaise de normalisation
Germany Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V.
Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization
Iceland Technological Institute of Iceland
Ireland National Standards Authority of Ireland
Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione
Luxembourg Inspection du Travail et des Mines
Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut
Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund
Portugal Instituto Portugus da Qualidade
Spain Asociacin Espaola de Normalizacin y Certificacin
Sweden Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige
Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation
United Kingdom British Standards Institution
This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Technical
Committee B/516, was
published under the authority
of the Standards Board and
comes into effect on
15 March 1995 Amendments issued since publication
BSI 03-1999 Amd. No. Date Comments
The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference B/516
Special announcement in BSI
News December 1992
ISBN 0 580 21489 3

BS EN 196-2:1995
Contents
Page
Cooperating organizations Inside front cover
National foreword ii
Foreword 2
Text of EN 196-2 3
National annex NA (informative) Determination of total sulfur 25
National annex NB (informative) Determination of
minor constituents (TiO2 and P2O5) and free lime 25
National annex NC (informative) Determination of propylene
glycol content 27
National annex ND (informative) Method of analysis of
cements by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry 28
National annex NE (informative) Methylene blue test 36
National annex NF (informative) Determination of total
organic carbon 38
National annex NG (informative) Committees responsible Inside back cover
National annex NH (informative) Cross-references Inside back cover
BSI 03-1999 i
BS EN 196-2:1995
National foreword
This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Technical
Committee B/516, Cement and lime. It is the English language version of
EN 196-2:1994 Methods of testing cement Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement,
published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 196-2 was
drawn up by CEN Technical Committee 51, Cement and building limes, as
Part 2 of a series on testing cement which was originally accepted by CEN
on 15 November 1985 and made available on 12 May 1987. The UK gave a
negative vote at the final voting stage and, under the CEN Rules then in force,
was not obliged to implement this Part. A second formal vote was taken in
November 1992 when the UK again gave a negative vote but, under the CEN
Rules now in force, is obliged to implement this Part which supersedes
BS 4550-2:1970, which is now withdrawn.
BS 4550-2:1970 included some useful UK methods of analysis which do not
appear in EN 196-2. These are included for information in the following national
annexes (clause numbers refer to BS 4550-2:1970).
National annex NA Determination of total sulfur (clause 12)
National annex NB Determination of minor constituents(TiO2 and P2O5) and
free lime (clause 14)
National annex NC Determination of propylene glycol content (clause 18).
The pozzolanicity test for pozzolanic cements in clause 15 of BS 4550-2:1970 is
now published in BS EN 196-5:1995. The methods for determining alkali content
and chloride content in clauses 16 and 17, respectively, of BS 4550-2:1970 are
now published in BS EN 196-21:1992.
Though the methods given in this standard are generally the reference
procedures, the great majority of cement analyses at the present time are carried
out using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. A method suitable for the major oxide
analysis of cements conforming to BS 12 is given in National annex ND.
There are limiting requirements in BS 7583 and in the European Prestandard
specification for cement, ENV 197-1, for methylene blue adsorption and total
organic carbon content of limestone used as a main constituent of cement.
National annex NE and National annex NF give appropriate methods for the
determination of methylene blue adsorption and of total organic carbon content,
respectively.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 46, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
ii BSI 03-1999
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 196-2
NORME EUROPENNE
December 1994
EUROPISCHE NORM
ICS 91.100.10 Supersedes EN 196-2:1987
Descriptors: Cement, chemical analysis, determination of content, losses on ignition, sulfates, sulfides, manganese, silicon dioxide, iron
oxides, aluminium oxides, calcium oxides, magnesium oxides, evaporation residue, gravimetric analysis,
spectrophotometric analysis, EDTA.
English version
Methods of testing cement

Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement
Mthodes dessai des ciments Prverfahren fr Zement

Partie 2: Analyse chimique des ciments Teil 2: Chemische Analyse von Zement
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-12-12. CEN members

are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comit Europen de Normalisation
Europisches Komitee fr Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members

Ref. No. EN 196-2:1994 E
EN 196-2:1994
Foreword Contents
This European Standard was drawn up by Page
CEN/TC 51, Cement and building limes, the Foreword2
secretariat of which is held by IBN.
1 Scope5
The standard on the methods of testing cement
2 Normative references5
comprises the following Parts:
3 General requirements for testing5
EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement
Part 1: Determination of strength. 4 Reagents5
EN 196-2, Methods of testing cement 5 Apparatus11
Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement. 6 Preparation of a cement sample12
EN 196-3, Methods of testing cement 7 Determination of loss on ignition12
Part 3: Determination of setting time and soundness. 8 Gravimetric determination of sulfate13
ENV 196-4, Methods of testing cement 9 Determination of residue insoluble
Part 4: Quantitative determination of constituents. in hydrochloric acid and sodium
EN 196-5, Methods of testing cement carbonate14
Part 5: Pozzolanicity test for pozzolanic cements. 10 Determination of residue insoluble
EN 196-6, Methods of testing cement in hydrochloric acid and
Part 6: Determination of fineness. potassium hydroxide14
EN 196-7, Methods of testing cement 11 Determination of sulfide15
Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of 12 Photometric determination of
cement. manganese15
EN 196-21, Methods of testing cement 13 Determination of main constituents16
Part 21: Determination of the chloride, carbon
dioxide and alkali content of cement. 13.1 Principle 16
13.2 Decomposition with sodium peroxide16
This European Standard shall be given the status of
a National Standard, either by publication of an 13.3 Precipitation and determination of
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by silica Polyethylene oxide
June 1995, and conflicting national standards shall method (reference method)17
be withdrawn at the latest by June 1995. 13.4 Precipitation and determination of
This European Standard supersedes silica Double evaporation
EN 196-2:1987. method (alternative method)19
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal 13.5 Decomposition with hydrochloric
Regulations, the following countries are bound to acid and ammonium chloride and
implement this European Standard: Austria, precipitation of silica
Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, (alternative method)19
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, 13.6 Determination of pure silica20
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, 13.7 Decomposition of the evaporation
Switzerland, United Kingdom. residue20
13.8 Determination of soluble silica20
13.9 Total silica21
13.10 Determination of iron (III) oxide21
13.11 Determination of aluminium oxide21
13.12 Determination of calcium oxide by
EGTA (reference method)22
13.13 Determination of magnesium oxide
by DCTA (reference method)22
13.14 Determination of calcium oxide by
EDTA (alternative method)23
13.15 Determination of magnesium oxide
by EDTA (alternative method)23
2 BSI 03-1999
EN 196-2:1994
13.16 Comments on the visual observation of

the titrations for the determinations of calcium
oxide and magnesium oxide24
Figure 1 Example of apparatus for
determination of sulfide23
Figure 2 Schematic diagram for analysis
of the main constituents23
Figure ND.1 Fusion mould23
Figure NF.1 Apparatus for TOC determination
by wet oxidation23
Figure NF.2 Apparatus for TOC determination
by furnace oxidation23
Figure NF.3 Principle flow sheet of automatic
TOC determination method23
Table 1 Concentrations of manganese
standard solutions23
Table 2 Composition of the compensation
solutions for a volume of 500 ml23
Table 3 Composition of the silica calibration
solutions and their silica content23
Table ND.1 Ignition conditions for pure
standards23
Table ND 2 Maximum allowable differential
detection limits23
Table ND.3 Mass of ingredients to be used for
single monitor bead23
Table ND.4 Mass of ingredients to be used for
high and low monitor beads23
Table ND.5 Calibration standards: mass of
ingredients required for each fusion23
Table ND.6 Composition of calibration
standards23
Table ND.7 Composition of beads for
determination of !---correction23
Table ND.8 Precision values for SiO2
and CaO23
Table ND.9 Multipliers for precision values
for Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, K2O and SO323
Table ND.10 Composition of cements used in
precision experiments23
Table ND.11 Comparison of precision values
for CERILH interlaboratory test sample (XP5)23
Table ND.12 Accuracy checks against wet
analysis figures23
BSI 03-1999 3
4 blank
EN 196-2:1994
1 Scope The standard deviations of repeatability and

reproducibility are expressed in absolute %2).
This European Standard describes the procedures
for the chemical analysis of cement. 3.3 Expression of masses, volumes, factors and
results
The standard describes the reference procedures
and, in certain cases, an alternative method which Express masses in grams to the nearest 0,0001 g
can be considered as giving equivalent results. and volumes from the burette in millilitres to the
If other methods are used it is necessary to show nearest 0,05 ml.
that they give results equivalent to those given by Express the factors of solutions, given by the mean
the reference methods. In the case of a dispute, only of three determinations, to three decimal places.
the reference procedures are used. Express the results of the tests, given by the mean
This standard applies to cements, and also to their of two determinations, as a percentage, generally to
constituent materials such as clinker and two decimal places.
blastfurnace slag. If the difference between two determinations is
Standard specifications state which methods are to more than twice the repeatability standard
be used. deviation, repeat the test and take the mean of the
two closest values.
2 Normative references 3.4 Ignitions
This European Standard incorporates by dated or Carry out the ignitions as follows.
undated reference, provisions from other Place the filter paper and its contents into a crucible
publications. These normative references are cited which has been previously ignited and tared. Dry it,
at the appropriate places in the text and the then incinerate it slowly in an oxidising
publications are listed hereafter. For dated atmosphere, without flaming while ensuring
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions complete combustion. Then ignite at the stated
of any of these publications apply to this European temperature. Allow the crucible and its contents to
Standard only when incorporated in it by cool to the laboratory temperature in a desiccator.
amendment or revision. For undated references the Weigh the crucible and its contents.
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
3.5 Determination of constant mass
EN 196-7, Methods of testing cement Methods of
taking and preparing samples of cement. Determine constant mass by making
ISO 3534:1977, Statistics Vocabulary and successive 15 min ignitions followed each time by
cooling and then weighing. Constant mass is
symbols.
reached when the difference between two successive
3 General requirements for testing weighings is less than 0,0005 g.
3.6 Check for absence of chloride ions (silver
3.1 Number of tests
nitrate test)
The number of tests for the various determinations
After generally five to six washes of a precipitate,
(clauses 7 to 13) is fixed at two (see also 3.3).
rinse the base of the filter stem with a few drops of
3.2 Repeatability and reproducibility water. Wash the filter and its contents with several
The standard deviation of repeatability gives the millilitres of water and collect this in a test tube.
closeness of agreement between successive results Add several drops of silver nitrate solution (4.33).
obtained with the same method on identical Check the absence of turbidity or precipitate in the
material tested under the same conditions solution. If present, continue washing while
(same operator, same apparatus, same laboratory carrying out periodic checks until the silver nitrate
and short time interval)1). test is negative.
The standard deviation of reproducibility gives the
closeness of agreement between individual results
4 Reagents
obtained with the same method on identical 4.0 General requirements
material but tested under different conditions Use only reagents of analytical quality and distilled
(different operators, different apparatus, different water, or water of equal purity, during the analysis.
laboratories and/or different times)1).
1)
Definitions taken from ISO 3534.
2)
The values of the standard deviation for repeatibility and standard deviation for reproducibility given in this standard shall be
considered as provisional. These values will subsequently by stipulated according to experience acquired in the laboratories.
BSI 03-1999 5
EN 196-2:1994
Unless otherwise stated % means % by mass. 4.26 Sodium hydroxide solution 2 mol/l.
The concentrated liquid reagents used in this Dissolve 80 g of sodium hydroxide in water and
standard have the following densities () (in g/cm3 make up to 1 000 ml. Store in a polyethylene flask.
at 20 C): 4.27 Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl).
hydrochloric acid 1,18 to 1,19 4.28 Tin (II) chloride (SnCl2.2H2O).
hydrofluoric acid 1,13 4.29 Potassium periodate (KIO4).
nitric acid 1,40 to 1,42 4.30 Sodium peroxide in powder form (Na2O2).
4.31 Mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium
sulfuric acid 1,84
chloride. Mix 7 g of sodium carbonate (anhydrous
phosphoric acid 1,71 to 1,75 Na2CO3) with 1 g sodium chloride (NaCl).
acetic acid 1,05 to 1,06 4.32 Barium chloride solution. Dissolve 120 g of
barium chloride (BaCl2.2H2O) in water and make
ammonium hydroxide 0,88 to 0,91
up to 1 000 ml.
triethanolamine 1,12
4.33 Silver nitrate solution. Dissolve 5 g of silver
The degree of dilution is always given as a nitrate (AgNO3) in water, add 10 ml of concentrated
volumetric sum, for example: hydrochloric acid 1 + 2 nitric acid (HNO3) and make up to 1 000 ml with
means that 1 volume of concentrated hydrochloric water.
acid is to be mixed with 2 volumes of water. 4.34 Sodium carbonate solution. Dissolve 50 g of
4.1 Concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). sodium carbonate (anhydrous Na2CO3) in water
4.2 Dilute hydrochloric acid 1 + 1. and make up to 1 000 ml.
4.3 Dilute hydrochloric acid 1 + 2. 4.35 Potassium hydroxide solution. Dissolve 250 g
of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in water and make
4.4 Dilute hydrochloric acid 1 + 3. up to 1 000 ml.
4.5 Dilute hydrochloric acid 1 + 9. 4.36 Ammoniacal zinc sulfate solution.
4.6 Dilute hydrochloric acid 1 + 11. Dissolve 50 g of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4.7H2O)
4.7 Dilute hydrochloric acid 1 + 19. in 150 ml water and add 350 ml of concentrated
4.8 Dilute hydrochloric acid 1 + 99. ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). Leave to stand for
at least 24 h and filter.
4.9 Dilute hydrochloric acid of pH 1,60. Add five or
six drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid 4.37 Lead acetate solution. Dissolve
to 2 l water. Control the pH value by means approximately 0,2 g of lead acetate
of a pH-meter. Store the solution in a polyethylene Pb(CH3COO)2.3H2O in water and make up
flask. to 100 ml.
4.10 Concentrated hydrofluoric acid (HF). 4.38 Starch solution. To 1 g of starch (water
soluble), add 1 g of potassium iodide (KI), dissolve in
4.11 Dilute hydrofluoric acid 1 + 3. water and make up to 100 ml.
4.12 Nitric acid (HNO3). 4.39 Polyethylene oxide solution. Dissolve 0,25 g of
4.13 Concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO). polyethylene oxide (CH2CH2O)n of average
4.14 Dilute sulfuric acid 1 + 1. molecular mass 200 000 to 600 000, in 100 ml water
while stirring vigorously.
4.15 Phosphoric acid (H3PO4).
This solution is stable for approximately two weeks.
4.16 Boric acid (H3BO3).
4.17 Acetic acid (CH3COOH). 4.40 Boric acid solution, saturated. Dissolve
approximately 50 g of boric acid (H3BO3) in water
4.18 Amino-acetic acid (NH2CH2COOH). and make up to 1 000 ml.
4.19 Metallic chromium in powder form (Cr). 4.41 Citric acid solution. Dissolve 10 g of citric acid
4.20 Concentrated ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH.) (C6H8O7.H2O) in water and make up to 100 ml.
4.21 Dilute ammonium hydroxide 1 + 1. 4.42 Ammonium molybdate solution. Dissolve 10 g
4.22 Dilute ammonium hydroxide 1 + 10. of ammonium molybdate (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O in
water and make up to 100 ml
4.23 Dilute ammonium hydroxide 1 + 16.
Store the solution in a polyethylene flask. This
4.24 Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
keeps for approximately one week.
4.25 Sodium hydroxide solution 4 mol/l.
4.43 Copper sulfate solution. In a 50 ml volumetric
Dissolve 160 g of sodium hydroxide in water and
flask dissolve 0,45 g of copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O)
make up to 1 000 ml. Store in a polyethylene flask.
in water and make up to the mark.
6 BSI 03-1999
EN 196-2:1994
4.44 Ammonium acetate solution. Dissolve 250 g of Then add 2 ml of the starch solution (4.38) and
ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) in water and continue the titration until the colour changes from
make up to 1 000 ml. blue to colourless.
4.45 Triethanolamine N(CH2CH2OH)3 The factor f of this solution is calculated from the
solution 1 + 4. formula:
4.46 Reducing solution. Dissolve successively in
water 0,15 g of 1-amino-2-hydroxy (2)
naphthalene-4-sulfonic acid (C10H9NO4S), 0,7 g of
sodium sulfite (anhydrous Na2SO3) and 9,0 g of
where:
sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) and make up
to 100 ml. F is the factor of the standard potassium
This solution will keep for a maximum of one week. iodate solution (4.48);
4.47 Buffer solution of pH 1,40. Dissolve 7,505 g of V1 is the volume of the
amino-acetic acid (NH2CH2COOH) and 5,850 g of approximately 0,1 mol/l sodium
sodium chloride (NaCl) in water and make up thiosulfate solution used for the titration,
to 1 000 ml. Dilute 300 ml of this solution in millilitres;
to 1 000 ml with dilute hydrochloric acid 1 + 99. 3,5668 is the mass of potassium iodate
4.48 Standard potassium iodate solution containing corresponding to a solution with
approximately 0,0166 mol/l3). Dissolve exactly 0,01667 mol/l of potassium iodate,
successively, in freshly boiled and cooled water in in grams;
a 1 000 ml volumetric flask, (3,6 0,1) g of 214,01 is the molecular mass of KIO3.
potassium iodate (KIO3, dried at 120 C), two tablets
of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 25 g of potassium 4.49.2.2 The standardization may also be carried
iodide (KI). Make up to the mark with freshly boiled out in relation to a known quality of potassium
and cooled water. iodate.
The factor F of this solution is calculated from the For this standardization, place in a 500 ml conical
following formula: flask (0,07 0,005) g (m2) of potassium iodate and
m1 dissolve in approximately 150 ml of water.
F = -------------------
- (1) Add about 1 g of potassium iodide, acidify
3,5668
with 25 ml of hydrochloric acid 1 + 1 and titrate
where m1 is the mass of the portion of potassium with the approximately 0,1 mol/l sodium thiosulfate
iodate, in grams. solution until a pale yellow colour is obtained. Then
4.49 Sodium thiosulfate solution add 2 ml of the starch solution (4.38) and titrate
approximately 0,1 mol/l3) until the colour changes from blue to colourless.
4.49.1 Preparation The factor f of this solution is calculated from the
formula:
Dissolve 24,82 g of sodium thiosulfate
(Na2S2O3.5H2O) in water and make up to 1 000 ml.
Before each test series, determine the factor f of this (3)
solution as described in 4.49.2
4.49.2 Standardization where:
4.49.2.1 This standardization is carried out m2 is the mass of the portion of potassium
preferably in relation to the standard potassium iodate, in grams;
iodate solution (4.48). V2 is the volume of the
For this standardization, pipette 20 ml of the approximately 0,1 mol/l sodium
standard potassium iodate solution into a 500 ml thiosulfate solution used for the
conical flask and dilute with approximately 150 ml titration, in millilitres;
of water. Acidify with 25 ml of hydrochloric 3,5668 is the mass of potassium iodate, in grams
acid 1 + 1 and titrate with the corresponding to a solution with
approximately 0,1 mol/l sodium thiosulfate solution exactly 0,01667 mol/l of potassium
to a pale yellow colour. iodate.
3)
If the sulfide content is low (< 0,1 %), solutions ten times less concentrated should be used. They are prepared by
pipetting 100 ml of the solutions 4.48 and 4.49 into 1 000 ml volumetric flasks and making up to the mark with water.
BSI 03-1999 7
EN 196-2:1994
4.50 Standard manganese ion solution Table 1 Concentrations of manganese

4.50.1 Anhydrous manganese sulfate standard solutions
Dry some hydrated manganese sulfate Standard solution E1 E2 E3 E4 E5
(MnSO4.xH2O) to constant mass at a temperature Concentration of manganese 4,0 2,0 1,0 0,4 0,2
of (250 10) C. The composition of the product in mg of Mn per 200 ml
obtained corresponds to the formula MnSO4.
4.51 Standard silica solution
4.50.2 Preparation
4.51.1 Silica (SiO2), of purity > 99,9 % after
Into a 1 000 ml volumetric flask, weigh
ignition.
approximately 2,75 g of anhydrous manganese
sulfate (m3); dissolve in water and make up to the 4.51.2 Sodium carbonate, anhydrous (Na2CO3).
mark. The content G of manganese (II) ions of this 4.51.3 Basic solution
solution, expressed in milligrams of Mn2+/ml, is
Weigh 0,2000 g of silica, freshly ignited
calculated from the formula:
at (1 175 25) C, in a platinum crucible already
m3 containing 2,0 g of sodium carbonate.
G = -------------------
- (4)
2,7485 Heat the mixture and fuse it at a bright-red heat for
at least 15 min. After cooling to room temperature,
where: place the fused solid in a polyethylene beaker and
m3 is the mass of the portion of anhydrous dissolve it in water, then transfer the solution
manganese sulfate, in grams. quantitatively to a 200 ml volumetric flask and
make up to the mark with water.
4.50.3 Construction of the calibration graph
Store the solution in a polyethylene bottle.
Into each of two volumetric flasks, 1 ml of solution contains 1 mg of SiO2.
respectively 500 ml (No. 1) and 1 000 ml (No. 2),
pipette 20 ml of the standard manganese ion 4.51.4 Standard solution
solution. Make up to the mark with water. Into each Pipette 5 ml of the basic solution into a 250 ml
of three volumetric flasks, respectively 200 ml volumetric flask and make up to the mark with
(No. 3), 500 ml (No. 4) and 1 000 ml (No. 5) water. Store the solution in a polyethylene
pipette 100 ml of the solution from flask No. 2 and bottle. 1 ml of the solution contains 0,02 mg silica.
make up to the mark with water. This solution will keep for a maximum of one week.
Take 100 ml of each solution from flasks 1 to 5 and 4.51.5 Compensating solutions
pipette each portion into a 400 ml beaker.
Prepare the compensating solutions according to the
Add 20 ml of concentrated nitric acid, 1,5 g of
procedure adopted for the silica
potassium periodate (4.29) and 10 ml of phosphoric
content (13.3 to 13.5) by dissolving the amounts of
acid (4.15), heat to boiling and boil gently
the reagents given in Table 2 in water and making
for 30 min.
up to 500 ml.
Cool to 20 C and transfer the contents of each
beaker to a 200 ml volumetric flask. Cool the flasks 4.51.6 Construction of the calibration curve
and their contents to 20 C and make up to the mark Add from a burette the volumes of the silica
with water. Measure the optical density of the calibration solution given in Table 3 into 100 ml
solutions using a photometer (5.9) at a wavelength polyethylene beakers each containing a magnetic
of around 525 nm, against water (use one or more stirrer bar. Add 20 ml of the compensating solution
cells (5.10) of appropriate sizes). Record the optical by pipette and make up to 40 ml with water from a
density values to three decimal places. burette. The volumes required for this are also given
For each cell optical length plot a separate graph of in Table 3. While stirring with a magnetic stirrer,
the optical densities of these standard solutions add 15 drops of hydrofluoric acid 1 + 3. Stir for at
E 1 to E 5 as a function of the corresponding least 1 min. Then pipette 15 ml of the boric acid
manganese concentrations in milligrams of Mn solution (4.40) into the solution.
per 200 ml. The corresponding manganese
concentrations are given in Table 1. They can be
used as given if the content G obtained in
accordance with 4.50.2 has the value 1,0000.
Otherwise, multiply the manganese concentrations
in Table 1 by G.
8 BSI 03-1999
EN 196-2:1994
Table 2 Composition of the compensation solutions for a volume of 500 ml

Precipitation by Precipitation by double Decomposition by HCl
polyethylene oxide evaporation and NH4Cl
(13.3) (13.4) (13.5)
HCl conc. ml 70 75 15
H2SO4 1 + 1 ml 1 1
HNO3 conc. ml 1
Polyethylene oxide solution ml 5
NH4Cl g 1
Na2CO3 g 1,75 1,75 1,75
NaCl g 0,25 0,25 0,25
Na2O2 g 3 3
Table 3 Composition of the silica calibration solutions and their silica content
Serial No. Blank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Standard SiO2 solution 0 2 4 5 6 8 10 15 20
(ml)
Water (ml) 20 18 16 15 14 12 10 5 0
Silica content 0 0,04 0,08 0,10 0,12 0,16 0,20 0,30 0,40
(mg SiO2/100 ml)
Adjust the pH of the solution to (1,15 0,05) by 4.52 Standard calcium ion solution,
adding, drop by drop, either the sodium hydroxide approximately 0,01 mol/l
solution (4.25), or hydrochloric acid 1 + 2. Carry out 4.52.1 Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), dried at 200 C
this operation with the aid of a pH meter calibrated of purity > 99,9 %.
using a buffer (4.47) with a neighbouring pH value
(e.g. 1,40). 4.52.2 Standard solution
Pipette 5 ml of the ammonium molybdate Weigh approximately 1 g of calcium carbonate and
solution (4.42) into the solution (time 0). Adjust the place it in a 400 ml beaker with
pH of this solution to 1,60 by adding, drop by drop, approximately 100 ml of water. Cover the beaker
either the sodium hydroxide solution (4.25) or with a watch glass and carefully introduce
hydrochloric acid 1 + 2. Transfer the solution to approximately 10 ml of hydrochloric acid 1 + 2.
a 100 ml volumetric flask rinsing with dilute After the reaction is completed, bring to boiling in
hydrochloric acid of pH = 1,60 (4.9). order to expel the dissolved carbon dioxide. Cool and
make up to 1 000 ml in a volumetric flask.
After 20 min, pipette 5 ml of the citric acid
solution (4.41) into the volumetric flask, stir and 4.53 EDTA solution, approximately 0,03 mol/l
leave to stand for 5 min. 4.53.1 Dihydrated disodium salt of
Then pipette 2 ml of the reducing solution (4.46) ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA)
into the volumetric flask. Make up to the mark with 4.53.2 Preparation
dilute hydrochloric acid pH = 1,60 (4.9) and mix
thoroughly. Exactly 30 min after introducing the Dissolve 11,17 g of EDTA in water and make up
ammonium molybdate (time 0 + 30), measure the to 1 000 ml. Store in a polyethylene bottle.
optical density with a photometer (5.9) using a cell 4.53.3 Standardization
of 1 cm optical length against the blank solution Pipette 50 ml of the standard calcium ion
prepared in the same way, using the wavelength of solution (4.52) into a beaker suitable for the
maximum extinction near 815 nm. Construct a measuring apparatus (5.11). Then dilute with water
graph giving the measured optical densities as to a volume suitable for the operation of the
function of the corresponding silica contents given apparatus.
in Table 3.
Using a pH meter, adjust the pH of this solution
The blank solution used in constructing the to 12,5 with the sodium hydroxide solution or
calibration curve may be used as the blank solution solutions (4.25 and 4.26).
here. The calibration curve enables the silica
content in mg SiO2/100 ml to be determined. Determine the end-point using one of the following
two methods.
BSI 03-1999 9
EN 196-2:1994
a) Photometric determination of the end-point If V4 is the volume used, the volume V5 of

(reference method) the 0,03 mol/l EDTA solution to be added to 25 ml of
Add about 0,1 g of murexide (4.57) or of mixed the copper sulfate solution to obtain copper
indicator (4.63). Place the beaker in the complexonate is:
apparatus (5.11) set at 620 nm when using V5 = 2,5 V4 (6)
murexide or at 520 nm when using the mixed
indicator and, while stirring continuously, titrate 4.55 EGTA solution, approximately 0,03 mol/l
with 0,03 mol/l EDTA solution. In the vicinity of 4.55.1 Ethylenebis (oxyethylenenitrilo) tetra-acetic
the indicator colour change, construct a diagram acid (EGTA)
giving the optical density values as a function of
the volume of EDTA added. The volume V3 used 4.55.2 Preparation
is determined from the intersection of the line of Weigh approximately 11,4 g of EGTA into a 600 ml
greatest slope near the colour change and the beaker and add about 400 ml of water and 10 ml of
line of almost constant optical density after the the sodium hydroxide solution (4.26). Heat the
colour change. mixture until the EGTA is completely dissolved.
Allow to cool to room temperature. Using a pH
The factor fD of this solution is calculated from
meter, adjust the pH value of the solution to 7, by
the formula: adding, drop by drop, dilute hydrochloric acid 1 + 2.
Transfer the solution quantitatively to a 1 000 ml
(5) volumetric flask and make up to the mark with
water. Store the solution in a polyethylene bottle.
4.55.3 Standardization
where Pipette 50 ml of the standard calcium ion
m4 is the mass of the portion of calcium solution (4.52) into a beaker suitable for the
carbonate taken to prepare the standard measuring apparatus (5.11). Then dilute with water
calcium ion solution (4.52), in grams; to a volume suitable for the correct operation of the
V3 is the volume of the EDTA solution used apparatus. Add 25 ml of the triethanolamine 1 + 4
for the titration, in millilitres. solution (4.45).
b) Visual determination of the end-point to 12,5 with the sodium hydroxide solution or
(alternative method) solutions (4.25 and 4.26).
Add about 0,1 g of the calcon indicator (4.59). Add about 0,1 g of murexide (4.57) or of calcein
Stir and titrate with 0,03 mol/l EDTA solution indicator (4.58). Place the beaker in the
until the colour changes from pink to blue, and apparatus (5.11) set at 620 nm when using
one drop in excess does not further increase the murexide or at 520 nm when using calcein and,
intensity of the blue colour. The volume V3 is while stirring the solution, titrate using
used to calculate the standardization factor fD the 0,03 mol/l EGTA solution. In the vicinity of the
using the formula (5). indicator colour change, construct a diagram giving
4.54 Copper complexonate solution the optical density values as a function of the
Pipette 25 ml of the copper sulfate solution (4.43) volume of EGTA added. The volume V6 used is
into a 400 ml beaker and add from a burette an determined from the intersection of the line of
equivalent volume of the 0,03 mol/l EDTA greatest slope near the colour change and the line of
solution (4.53). The required volume of EDTA almost constant optical density after the colour
solution is calculated as follows. change.
Pipette 10 ml of the copper sulfate solution (4.43) The factor fG is calculated from the formula:
into a 600 ml beaker. Dilute to
approximately 200 ml with water and add 10 ml of (7)
concentrated ammonium hydroxide and about 0,1 g
of murexide indicator (4.57). Titrate with
the 0,03 mol/l EDTA solution (4.53) until the colour where:
changes from pink to violet. m5 is the mass of the portion of calcium
carbonate taken to prepare the standard
calcium ion solution (4.52), in grams;
10 BSI 03-1999
EN 196-2:1994
V6 is the volume of EGTA solution used to 4.58 Calcein indicator

titrate 50 ml of the standard calcium ion 4.58.1 Calcein
solution (4.52), in millilitres.
Bis [(bis (carboxymethyl)-amino-methyl] - 29, 79
4.56 DCTA solution, approximately 0,01 mol/l -fluorescein.
4.56.1 Cyclohex-1,2-ylenedinitrilotetra-acetic 4.58.2 Preparation
monohydrate (DCTA) Grind 1 g of calcein with 99 g of potassium nitrate
4.56.2 Preparation (KNO3).
Weigh 3,64 g of DCTA into a 600 ml beaker and add 4.59 Calcon indicator
about 400 ml of water and 10 ml of sodium 4.59.1 Calcon
hydroxide solution (4.26). Heat the mixture until
the DCTA is completely dissolved. Allow to cool to Sodium 2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo)
room temperature. Using a pH meter, adjust the pH naphthalene-1-sulfonate.
value of the solution to 7 by adding dilute 4.59.2 Preparation
hydrochloric acid 1 + 2, drop by drop. Transfer the Grind 1 g of calcon with 100 g of anhydrous sodium
solution quantitatively to a 1 000 ml volumetric sulfate (Na2SO4).
flask and make up to the mark with water. Store
this solution in a polyethylene bottle. 4.60 Sulfosalicylic acid indicator
(sulfo-5-salicylic acid dihydrate)
4.56.3 Standardization
4.61 PAN indicator
Pipette 50 ml of the standard calcium ion
solution (4.52) into a beaker appropriate for the 4.61.1 PAN
measuring apparatus (5.11). Then dilute with water 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol.
to a volume suitable for the correct operation of the 4.61.2 Preparation
apparatus.
Dissolve 0,1 g of PAN in 100 ml ethanol
(C2H5OH, = 0,79 g/cm3).
to 10,5 with concentrated ammonium hydroxide.
4.62 Methylthymol blue indicator
Add approximately 0,1 g of murexide (4.57) or of
calcein indicator (4.58). Place the beaker in the 4.62.1 Methylthymol blue
apparatus (5.11) set at 620 nm when using Sodium salt of 39, 399-bis- [bis (carboxy-methyl)-
murexide or at 520 nm when using calcein and, aminomethyl]-thymolsulfonphthalein.
stirring the solution, titrate with the DCTA
solution. In the vicinity of the colour change of the 4.62.2 Preparation
indicator, construct a diagram of the optical density Grind 1 g of methylthymol blue with 100 g of
values as a function of the volume of DCTA added. potassium nitrate (KNO3).
The volume V7 used is determined by the 4.63 Mixed calcein and methylthymol blue
intersection of the line of greatest slope near the indicator
colour change and the line of almost constant optical
density after the colour change. Grind 0,2 g of calcein and 0,1 g of methylthymol
blue with 100 g of potassium nitrate (KNO3).
The factor fc is calculated from the formula:
5 Apparatus
(8) 5.1 Balance(s), capable of weighing to the
nearest 0,0001 g.
where 5.2 Porcelain and/or platinum crucible(s), 20 ml
to 25 ml capacity, fitted with a lid.
m6 is the mass of the portion of calcium
carbonate taken for preparing the standard 5.3 Fire proof ceramic support(s), for preventing
calcium ion solution (4.52), in grams; overheating of the crucible. It shall be in thermal
equilibrium with the furnace at the moment the
V7 is the volume of DCTA solution used for the crucible is introduced.
titration, in millilitres.
5.4 Porcelain evaporating dish, of
4.57 Murexide indicator approximately 200 ml.
Grind 1 g of murexide (ammonium purpurate) 5.5 Electric furnace(s), naturally ventilated, capable
with 100 g of sodium chloride (NaCl). of being set at the following
temperatures: 500 C, 925 C, 975 C and 1 175 C.
BSI 03-1999 11
EN 196-2:1994
5.6 Desiccator(s), containing anhydrous magnesium 5.16 Volumetric glassware. The volumetric
perchlorate (Mg(ClO4)2). glassware shall be of analytical accuracy, i.e. class A
5.7 Bulb condenser. as defined in the ISO standards on laboratory
glassware.
5.8 Apparatus for determining sulfides. A typical
apparatus is shown in Figure 1.
6 Preparation of a cement sample
Before chemical analysis, the laboratory sample
taken in accordance with EN 196-7 is treated to give
a sample for testing.
Take approximately 100 g of the sample by means of
a sample divider or by quartering. Sieve this portion
on a 150 4m or 125 4m sieve until no more passes
through. Remove with a magnet all the metallic iron
from the material retained on the sieve. Then grind
the iron-free fraction of the retained material so
that it completely passes the 150 4m or 125 4m
sieve. Transfer the sample to a clean dry flask with
an airtight closure and shake vigorously to mix it
thoroughly.
The preceding operations are to be carried out as
quickly as possible so that the sample is exposed to
ambient air for the minimum time.
NOTE The sample is presented for analysis as marketed. If it
contains particles of metallic iron, such as those that may be
introduced accidentally during grinding, the complete separation
of these iron particles is carried out by means of a magnetic
stirrer in a suspension, for example in cyclohexane.
7 Determination of loss on ignition

7.1 Principle
Figure 1 Example of apparatus for The loss on ignition is determined in an oxidizing
determination of sulfide atmosphere (air). By igniting in air at (975 25) C
the carbon dioxide and water are driven off and any
A Woolf bottle may be added for controlling the flow
oxidizable elements present are oxidized. A
of gas.
correction for the influence of this oxidation on the
The connecting tubes shall be made of a material loss on ignition is described.
free from sulfur (polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene,
etc.). 7.2 Procedure
5.9 Photometer(s), for measuring the optical density Weigh (1 0,05) g of cement (m7) into a crucible
of a solution in the vicinity of 525 nm and 815 nm. which has been previously ignited and tared. Place
the covered crucible in the electric furnace (5.5)
5.10 Cells, for the photometer. controlled at (975 25) C. After heating for 5 min,
5.11 Apparatus, for measuring the optical density remove the lid and leave the crucible in the furnace
at 520 nm and at 620 nm of a solution contained in for a further 10 min. Cool the crucible to room
a titration beaker, while stirring the solution with a temperature in the desiccator. Weigh. Determine
magnetic stirrer. constant mass in accordance with 3.5.
5.12 Magnetic stirrer, with PTFE covered bar. NOTE For cement containing sulfides, a more precise
determination of the loss on ignition can be obtained by
5.13 Evaporation apparatus, controlled determining the sulfate contents before and after ignition. The
at (105 3) C. corrections applicable to these cements are given in 7.4.
5.14 Sand bath or hot plate, controlled at 7.3 Expression of results
approximately 400 C.
The observed loss on ignition is calculated in
5.15 Filter papers. The filter papers used shall be percent from the formula:
ashless.
NOTE Filter papers with a mean pore diameter of around 2 4m
are called fine, those with a mean pore diameter of around 7 4m
(9)
are called medium and those with a mean pore diameter of
around 20 4m are called coarse.
12 BSI 03-1999
EN 196-2:1994
where 8.2 Procedure

m7 is the mass of the test portion, in grams; To (1 0,05) g of cement (m9), placed in a 250 ml
m8 is the mass of the ignited test portion, in beaker, add 90 ml of cold water. While stirring the
grams. mixture vigorously, add 10 ml of concentrated
hydrochloric acid. Heat the solution gently and
7.4 Errors and corrections crush the sample with the flattened end of a glass
Errors are caused either by the presence of carbon or stirring rod until decomposition of the cement is
by oxidation of sulfides of any remaining metallic complete. Allow the solution to digest for 15 min at
iron, of bivalent iron and of bivalent manganese. a temperature just below boiling.
The error resulting from the presence of these Filter the residue through a medium filter paper
different elements may be corrected for, but only the into a 400 ml beaker. Wash thoroughly with hot
correction due to oxidation of sulfides is to be water. Check for the disappearance of Cl ions by
applied, the others usually being considered to be the silver nitrate test (3.6).
negligible. Adjust the volume to about 250 ml; if necessary,
In this case, the correction due to sulfide adjust the pH of the solution to between 1 and 1,5
is 1,996 S2 and: with hydrochloric acid 1 + 11 or ammonium
the corrected loss on ignition hydroxide 1 + 16.
Bring to the boil and boil for 5 min. Check that the
= observed loss on ignition + (1,996 S2)
solution is clear; if not, start the test again using a
where S2 and the losses on ignition are expressed new portion. While stirring vigorously the solution
in percent. maintained at boiling point, add drop by drop 10 ml
For determination of sulfate present before and of the barium chloride solution (4.32) heated to just
after ignition the relation is: below boiling. Continue the boiling for 15 min so
that the precipitate is properly formed. Allow the
SO3 (final) SO3 (initial) = SO3 resulting from solution to stand for 12 h to 24 h below boiling
the oxidation of sulfides i.e. a correction of: temperature but above 60 C, taking care to avoid
0,8 (SO3 from oxidation of sulfide) concentration by evaporation.
= oxygen taken up Filter the precipitate through fine filter paper and
wash thoroughly with boiling water until free from
and
Cl ions, tested by the silver nitrate test (3.6).
corrected loss on ignition = observed loss on
ignition + oxygen taken up Ignite at (925 25) C (3.4) then check for constant
mass (3.5). In general, an ignition period of 15 min
where all the values are expressed in percent. Any is sufficient for obtaining constant mass.
corrections applied shall be indicated in the test 8.3 Expression of results
report.
The sulfate content, expressed as SO3, is calculated
In the case of dispute, only the correction due to in percent from the formula:
oxidation of sulfide shall be applied.
7.5 Repeatability and reproducibility (10)
The standard deviation for repeatability is 0,04 %.
The standard deviation for reproducibility is 0,08 %.
where:
8 Gravimetric determination of sulfate m9 is the mass of the test portion, in grams;
8.1 Principle m10 is the mass of barium sulfate, in grams.
Sulfate ions, dissolved by decomposing cement with 8.4 Repeatability and reproducibility
hydrochloric acid, are precipitated at a pH
between 1 and 1,5 by a solution of barium chloride. The standard deviation for repeatability is 0,07 %.
The precipitation is carried out at boiling point: The standard deviation for reproducibility is 0,08 %.
SO42 + Ba2+ = BaSO4

The determination is then completed
gravimetrically and expressed as SO3.
BSI 03-1999 13
EN 196-2:1994
9 Determination of residue insoluble 9.4 Repeatability and reproducibility

in hydrochloric acid and sodium The standard deviation for repeatability is 0,04 %.
carbonate The standard deviation for reproducibility is 0,06 %.
9.1 Principle
10 Determination of residue insoluble
This is a conventional method in which the insoluble in hydrochloric acid and potassium
residue in cements is obtained by treatment with a hydroxide
dilute hydrochloric acid solution so as to avoid as far
as possible the precipitation of soluble silica. The 10.1 Principle
residue from this treatment is treated with a boiling This is a conventional method in which the insoluble
solution of sodium carbonate in order to re-dissolve residue in cements is obtained by treating with a
traces of silica which may have been precipitated. hydrochloric acid solution. The residue from this
The residue is determined gravimetrically after treatment is then treated with a boiling solution of
ignition. potassium hydroxide. The residue is determined
9.2 Procedure gravimetrically after ignition.
To (1 0.05) g of cement (m11), placed in a 250 ml 10.2 Procedure
beaker, add 90 ml of water and, while stirring the To (1 + 0.05) g of cement (m13), placed in a porcelain
mixture vigorously, add 10 ml of concentrated dish (5.4), add 25 ml of cold water and disperse
hydrochloric acid. using a glass stirring rod. Add 40 ml of concentrated
Heat the solution gently and crush the sample with hydrochloric acid. Heat the solution gently and
the flattened end of a glass stirring rod until crush the sample with the flattened end of a glass
decomposition of the cement is complete. Allow the stirring rod until decomposition of the cement is
solution to digest for 15 min at a temperature just complete. Evaporate to dryness on a water bath.
below boiling. Repeat the operation twice more with 20 ml
Filter the residue through a medium filter paper concentrated hydrochloric acid.
and wash thoroughly with almost boiling water. Treat the residue from the last evaporation
Transfer the filter paper and its contents back to the with 100 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid 1 + 3.
reaction beaker and add 100 ml of the sodium Re-heat, filter through a medium filter paper and
carbonate solution (4.34). Boil for 15 min. Filter on wash with almost boiling water at least ten times
a medium filter paper and wash with almost boiling until free from Cl ions, tested by the silver nitrate
water, then four times with hot hydrochloric test (3.6).
acid 1 + 19 until pH < 2 is obtained and finally at Transfer the filter and its contents to a 250 ml
least ten times with almost boiling water until free conical flask fitted with a bulb condenser and
from Cl ions, tested by the silver nitrate add 100 ml of the potassium hydroxide
test (3.6).Ignite at (975 25) C (3.4) then check for solution (4.35). Leave to stand for 16 h at room
constant mass (3.5). In general, an ignition period temperature and then boil the solution under reflux
of 30 min is sufficient for obtaining constant mass. for 4 h.
NOTE If a cloudy filtrate is observed, filter again on a fine filter Filter on a medium filter paper and wash with water
paper, wash thoroughly with hot water and combine the two
residues on their filter papers to ignite them. then with 100 ml of hydrochloric acid 1 + 9 and
If in spite of this operation the filtrate remains cloudy, its effect finally with almost boiling water until free from
on the insoluble residue may be neglected. Cl ions, tested by the silver nitrate test (3.6).
9.3 Expression of results Ignite at (975 25) C (3.4) then check for constant
The insoluble residue is calculated in percent from mass (3.5). In general, an ignition period of 30 min
the formula: is sufficient for obtaining constant mass.
10.3 Expression of results
(11)
The insoluble residue is calculated in percent from
the formula:
where:
m11 is the mass of the test portion, in grams; (12)
m12 is the mass of the ignited insoluble residue,
in grams.
14 BSI 03-1999
EN 196-2:1994
where: 11.3 Expression of results

m13 is the mass of the test portion, in grams; The sulfide content is calculated in percent from the
formula:
m14 is the mass of the ignited insoluble residue,
in grams.
10.4 Repeatability and reproducibility
The standard deviation for reproducibility is 0,18 %. (13)
11 Determination of sulfide where

11.1 Principle V8 is the volume of potassium iodate solution,
in millilitres;
The sample is decomposed by hydrochloric acid
under reducing conditions. The sulfides are F is the factor of the potassium iodate
transformed into hydrogen sulfide, which is carried solution as in 4.48;
over by a gaseous stream into an ammoniacal V9 is the volume of the sodium thiosulfate
solution of zinc sulfate. The precipitated zinc sulfide solution used for the titration, in
is determined by iodometry. millilitres;
11.2 Procedure f is the factor of the sodium thiosulfate
Use the apparatus described in 5.8. solution as in 4.49;
Place (1 0,05) g of the cement (m15)4) in a 250 ml m15 is the mass of the test portion, in grams, as
stoppered round bottom flask with a ground glass in 11.2.
joint. Add about 2,5 g of tin II chloride (4.28)
and 0,1 g of chromium (4.19)5). Disperse in 50 ml of 11.4 Repeatability and reproducibility
water. Fix the flask to the ground neck of the The standard deviation for repeatability is 0,02 %.
separating funnel and connect to the condenser the The standard deviation for reproducibility is 0,04 %.
glass outlet tube which dips into the beaker
containing 15 ml of ammoniacal zinc sulfate 12 Photometric determination of
solution (4.36) and 285 ml of water. Connect the gas manganese
supply (air, nitrogen or argon) and adjust the flow to
about 10 ml per min. Stop the flow of gas. 12.1 Principle
Release 50 ml of hydrochloric acid 1 + 1 from the The manganese present is oxidized to MnO4 by
separating funnel ensuring that a small quantity of means of potassium periodate. The optical density of
acid remains in the separating funnel to prevent the violet solution is measured at 525 nm. The
leakage. Reconnect the gas supply, heat the Fe3+ ions are complexed with phosphoric acid which
contents of the flask to boiling and boil for 10 min. also assists the formation of MnO4 and stabilizes
Disconnect the outlet tube which will serve as a the colour of the solution.
stirrer during the titration.
12.2 Procedure
Cool the receiver to 20 C, add exactly 10 ml of
potassium iodate solution According to the manganese content expected6),
approximately 0,0166 mol/l (4.48) and 25 ml weigh 0,1 g to 1,0 g of cement into a 250 ml beaker.
concentrated hydrochloric acid. Titrate with sodium Disperse in about 75 ml of water. Stir, add
thiosulfate solution (4.49) until pale yellow. Then cautiously 15 ml of concentrated nitric acid and boil
add 2 ml of starch solution (4.38) and titrate until until free from any hydrogen sulphide (H2S) present
the colour changes from blue to colourless. and all the cement7) is decomposed.
4)
If the sulfide content is low (< 0,10 %) the mass of the test sample is increased in proportion.
5)
Chromium contributes to the solution of any pyrites (FeS2) that happens to be present in the cement.
6)
For contents of the order of 0,01%, taking a test portion close to 1 g and varying its amount to suit the probable manganese
oxide concentration is recommended.
7) Forcements with a high insoluble residue, fusion of a separate sample may be necessary to obtain complete solution. This is
carried out by the method of sintering with sodium peroxide as described for the determination of the main constituents
(see 13.2).
BSI 03-1999 15
EN 196-2:1994
Filter through a medium filter paper into a 400 ml The cement is decomposed by sintering with sodium
beaker. Wash the residue with hot water until the peroxide or by treatment with hydrochloric acid in
volume of the filtrate is 120 ml. To this filtrate, the presence of ammonium chloride. In the first
add 10 ml of phosphoric acid (4.15), mix and case, after dissolution of the sintered solid in
add 1.5 g of potassium periodate (4.29). Heat to hydrochloric acid, the major part of the silica is
boiling until the characteristic pink colour of precipitated either by hydrochloric acid with
permanganate appears. If it does not appear, reduce coagulation by polyethylene oxide or by double
the acidity by adding a few drops of concentrated evaporation; in the second case, the major part of
ammonium hydroxide. Once the colour has the silica is separated by the treatment. The impure
appeared, continue boiling gently for 30 min. Cool silica precipitated is treated with hydrofluoric acid
and transfer the contents of the beaker to a 200 ml and sulphuric acid to volatilize silica; the residue,
volumetric flask. treated with a mixture of sodium carbonate and
Cool to 20 C and make up to the mark with water. sodium chloride, is dissolved in hydrochloric acid
and added to the silica filtrate.
Using a photometer, measure the optical density of
the solution against water at a wavelength of In the case of the treatment with hydrochloric acid
approximately 525 nm (5.9 and 5.10). in the presence of ammonium chloride, if the residue
obtained after volatilization of impure silica by
Record the optical density value to three decimal
means of hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid is
places. The optical density read from the calibration
greater than 0,5 %, the method is not applicable.
graph corresponding to the cell used gives the
The cement shall in this case be decomposed by
concentration of manganese, C, in milligrams of
sodium peroxide.
Mn per 200 ml. Record the manganese
concentration, C, to three decimal places. In the final solution made up to 500 ml, the silica in
solution is determined by photometric
12.3 Expression of results determination, and iron (III) oxide, aluminium
The manganese content is calculated in percent oxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide are
from the formula: determined by complexometric methods.
The schematic diagram of the chemical analysis is
(14) shown in Figure 2.
The scheme given in Figure 2 results, as far as the
determination of silica is concerned, in the same
where values for total silica whichever path is chosen.
C is the manganese concentration of the 13.2 Decomposition with sodium peroxide
solution in mg/200 ml; Weigh (1 0,05) g of cement (m17) and 2 g of sodium
m16 is the mass of the test portion, in grams, as peroxide (4.30) into a platinum crucible (5.2); mix
in 12.2. thoroughly with a spatula. Brush back into the
mixture any particles adhering to the spatula.
The manganese content may be converted into MnO
Cover the mixture with 1 g of sodium peroxide.
or Mn2O3 by means of the following formulae:
Carefully preheat the covered crucible for
MnO = 1,2912 Mn (in %) (15) about 2 min at the opening of the furnace (5.5)
Mn2O3 = 1,4368 Mn (in %) (16) before placing it on its support (5.3) in the heated
zone controlled at a uniform temperature
12.4 Repeatability and reproducibility of (500 10) C.
The standard deviation for repeatability is 0,003 %. After 30 min, remove the crucible from the furnace
The standard deviation for reproducibility is 0,03 %. and allow it to cool to room temperature. The
sintered mass should not stick to the sides of the
13 Determination of main constituents crucible. If it does, then repeat the decomposition at
a temperature 10 C lower than was first used.
13.1 Principle
Transfer the sintered mass to a 400 ml beaker and
The analysis is carried out after the sample is rinse the crucible with 150 ml cold water.
completely dissolved.
16 BSI 03-1999
EN 196-2:1994
Cover the beaker with a watch glass and heat until

the solid is completely dissolved. Then add
cautiously 50 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
The solution obtained shall be perfectly clear. If not,
reject it and repeat the decomposition by peroxide at
a temperature increased by 10 C or for double the
time in the furnace. Add to the solution 1 ml of
sulfuric acid 1 + 1. Bring the solution to the boil and
boil for 30 min.
This solution is ready for use for the precipitation of
silica in accordance with 13.3 or 13.4.
13.3 Precipitation and determination of
silicaPolyethylene oxide method (reference
method)
13.3.1 Procedure
Evaporate to dryness the solution prepared as
described in 13.2. Allow the beaker to cool.
Treat the residue with 5 ml of water and 10 ml of
concentrated hydrochloric acid. While stirring, add
some ashless filter paper pulp to the mixture and
then 5 ml of the polyethylene oxide solution (4.39)
ensuring that the precipitate and the polyethylene
oxide are thoroughly mixed, especially the
precipitate adhering to the sides of the beaker. Stir
the mixture thoroughly then add 10 ml of water,
stirring briefly and leave to stand for 5 min.
Then filter through a medium filter paper into
a 500 ml volumetric flask and rinse with hot
hydrochloric acid 1 + 19. Remove any precipitate
adhering to the sides of the beaker using a rubber
scraper. Wash the filter and precipitate at least five
times with hot hydrochloric acid 1 + 19, then rinse
with hot water, ensuring that the residue in the
filter is broken up thoroughly during washing, until
free from Cl ions, tested by the silver nitrate
test (3.6).
Collect the washings in the same 500 ml volumetric
flask.
Ignite the filter and the precipitate in a platinum
crucible (1 175 + 25) C (3.4). Check for constant
mass (3.5). In general, an ignition period of 60 min
is sufficient for obtaining constant mass (m18).
Volatilize the decomposed residue as in 13.6. Add
the decomposed residue (13.7) to the filtrate and
washings in the 500 ml volumetric flask. The
combined solution is used for the colorimetric
determination of silica remaining in solution (13.8)
and also for the complexometric determinations of
iron (III) oxide (13.10), aluminium oxide (13.11),
calcium oxide (13.12 or 13.14) and magnesium
oxide (13.13 or 13.15).
BSI 03-1999 17
EN 196-2:1994
Figure 2 Schematic diagram for analysis of the main constituents

13.3.2 Expression of results where
The impure silica content is calculated in percent m17 is the mass of the test portion as in 13.2, in
from the formula: grams;
m18 is the mass determined in accordance
(17) with 13.3.1, in grams.
18 BSI 03-1999
EN 196-2:1994
13.4 Precipitation and determination of 13.5 Decomposition with hydrochloric acid

silica Double evaporation method and ammonium chloride and precipitation of
(alternative method) silica (alternative method)
13.4.1 Procedure 13.5.1 Procedure
Evaporate to dryness the solution prepared as Weigh (1 0,05) g of cement (m20) and place in
described in 13.2 on evaporation apparatus a 100 ml beaker. Add about 1 g of ammonium
controlled at (105 3) C (5.13). Moisten with chloride (4.27) and mix thoroughly with a glass
several drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid. stirring rod. Cover the beaker with a watch glass
Leave for 1 h at this temperature. and cautiously add 10 ml of concentrated
After cooling to room temperature, treat the residue hydrochloric acid taking care to let the acid run
with 10 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid. After down the side of the beaker. When effervescence has
a few minutes dilute with 50 ml of water, bring to stopped, add 10 drops of nitric acid and stir with a
the boil and filter the hot solution through a glass stirring rod.
medium filter paper into a 500 ml volumetric flask. Place the beaker and its watch glass on a boiling
Wash the filter and the residue three times with hot water bath and leave for 30 min. Filter through a
water. Evaporate the filtrate and washings in the coarse filter paper into a 500 ml volumetric flask:
same way, treat with 10 ml of concentrated transfer the gelatinous precipitate to the filter as
hydrochloric acid and dilute with 50 ml of water. completely as possible without dilution, and allow
Boil, then pass through the same filter into a 500 ml the solution to drain through the filter. Remove all
volumetric flask. precipitate adhering to the beaker by using a rubber
Wash the filter and the residue with hot water until scraper.
free from Cl ions, tested by the silver nitrate Rinse the beaker and precipitate with hot
test (3.6). Collect the washings in the same 500 ml hydrochloric acid 1 + 99. Then wash the precipitate
volumetric flask. and filter 12 times with small amounts of hot water
Ignite the filter and precipitate in a platinum until free from Cl ions, tested by the silver nitrate
crucible at (1 175 25) C (3.4). Check for constant test (3.6). Collect the washings in the same 500 ml
mass (3.5). In general, an ignition period of 60 min volumetric flask.
is sufficient for obtaining constant mass. Volatilize This is used, together with the decomposed residue
the decomposed residue as described in 13.6. Add treated as described in 13.7 for the photometric
the decomposed residue (13.7) to the filtrate and determination of silica in solution in accordance
washings in the 500 ml volumetric flask. with 13.8. Ignite the filter and the precipitate in a
The combined solutions are used for the colorimetric platinum crucible at (1 175 25) C (3.4). Check for
determination of silica remaining in solution (13.8) constant mass (3.5). In general, an ignition period
and for the complexometric determinations of of 60 min is sufficient for obtaining constant mass.
iron (III) oxide (13.10), aluminium oxide (13.11), Volatize the decomposed residues as described
calcium oxide (13.12 or 13.14) and magnesium oxide in 13.6.
(13.13 or 13.15). 13.5.2 Expression of results
13.4.2 Expression of results The impure silica is calculated in percent from the
The impure silica content is calculated in percent formula:
from the formula:
(19)
(18)
where where:
m17 is the mass of the test portion as in 13.2, in m20 is the mass of the test portion as in 13.5.1,
grams; in grams;
m19 is the mass determined in accordance m21 is the mass determined in accordance
with 13.4.1, in grams. with 13.5.1, in grams.
BSI 03-1999 19
EN 196-2:1994
13.6 Determination of pure silica The solution shall be perfectly clear. If not, filter
13.6.1 Procedure through a medium filter paper, wash, burn off the
paper, ignite and then repeat the decomposition as
Moisten the residue obtained in accordance above. Transfer the solution to the 500 ml
with 13.3.1 (m18) or 13.4.1 (m19) or 13.5.1 (m21) volumetric flask containing the filtrate and
with about 0,5 ml to 1 ml of water, add washings from the precipitation of silica in
approximately 10 ml of hydrofluoric acid then two accordance with 13.3.1 or 13.4.1 or 13.5.1. Fill the
drops of sulfuric acid. Evaporate in a fume cupboard flask up to the mark with water. After stirring, this
over a sand bath or hot plate (5.14), then continue to solution is ready for use.
heat until free from white sulfuric acid fumes.
It is used in the photometric determination of the
Ignite the crucible with the evaporation residue in silica remaining in solution (13.8) and also in the
an electric furnace (1 175 25) C (5.5) for 10 min, complexometric determinations of iron (III)
leave to cool to room temperature in a desiccator and oxide (13.10), aluminium oxide (13.11), calcium
weigh (m22). oxide (13.12 or 13.14) and magnesium oxide (13.13
The evaporation residue is decomposed as described or 13.15).
in 13.7. If the residue obtained by this method 13.8 Determination of soluble silica
exceeds 0,5 %, the analysis shall be restarted and
decomposition with sodium peroxide used (13.2). 13.8.1 Procedure
13.6.2 Expression of results Pipette 20 ml of the solution prepared in accordance
with 13.7 from the 500 ml volumetric flask into a
The pure silica content is calculated in percent from polyethylene beaker already containing a magnetic
the formula: stirrer bar and add 20 ml water. While stirring with
the magnetic stirrer, add 15 drops of hydrofluoric
(20) acid 1 + 3. Stir again for at least 1 min. Then
pipette 15 ml of the boric acid solution (4.40). Adjust
the pH of the solution to (1,15 0,05) by adding,
m22 is the mass determined in accordance drop by drop, sodium hydroxide (4.25) or
with 13.6.1, in grams; hydrochloric acid 1 + 2, using a pH meter calibrated
with a buffer solution of similar pH value
m23 is the mass of the test portion as in 13.2
(e.g. 1,40, see 4.47). Add from a pipette 5 ml of the
(m17) or 13.5.1 (m20), in grams;
ammonium molybdate solution (4.42) to the solution
m24 is the mass determined in accordance (time 0). Adjust the pH of the solution to 1,60 by
with 13.3.1 (m18), 13.4.1 (m19) or 13.5.1 adding, drop by drop, the sodium hydroxide
(m21), in grams. solution (4.25) or hydrochloric acid 1 + 2. Transfer
the solution to a 100 ml volumetric flask and rinse
13.7 Decomposition of the evaporation residue the beaker with hydrochloric acid of pH 1,60 (4.9).
To the evaporation residue, obtained in accordance After 20 min, add from a pipette 5 ml of the citric
with 13.6.1, add 2 g of the sodium carbonate and acid solution (4.41), stir and leave to stand
sodium chloride mixture (4.31) and fuse to a bright for 5 min. Then add from a pipette 2 ml of the
red heat using a gas burner. Swirl the melt reducing solution (4.46). Make up to volume with
frequently until the residue is completely dissolved. dilute hydrochloric acid of pH 1,60 and mix. At
time 0 + 30 min measure the optical density with
Check visually that no part of the residue remains
the photometer (5.9) against a blank solution
at the base of the crucible. Allow the crucible and its
prepared in a similar way and using the same
contents to cool, transfer to a 250 ml beaker, add
wavelength of a cell of the same optical length as
about 100 ml water and acidify with a few millilitres
used for the construction of the calibration
of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
graph (4.50.3). The silica concentration in mg
When the decomposed mass is completely dissolved, SiO2/100 ml is read from the calibration graph.
remove the platinum crucible from the solution and
rinse it with water.
20 BSI 03-1999
EN 196-2:1994
13.8.2 Expression of results This titrated solution is retained for the

The soluble silica content is calculated in percent determination of aluminium oxide content in
from the formula: accordance with 13.11.1. The presence of titanium
oxide (TiO2) can disturb the determination of iron
oxide (Fe2O3) in the presence of peroxide and the
latter shall be completely decomposed.
(21) NOTE The presence of titanium affects the speed of the
titration of iron by EDTA. This cause of error can be overcome by
proceeding slowly, for example with the help of an automatic
burette. It is equally possible to mask the titanium by
adding 2 ml of sulfuric acid 1 + 1 to the solution before titration.
where
13.10.2 Expression of results
(m17) or 13.5.1 (m20), in grams; The iron (III) oxide content is calculated in percent
from the formula:
m25 is the silica content of the solution in
accordance with 13.8.1 in mg
SiO2/100 ml.
13.9 Total silica (22)

The total silica content is equal to the sum of the
pure silica content (13.6) and the soluble silica where
content (13.8).
V10 is the volume of 0,03 mol/l EDTA solution
13.9.2 Repeatability and reproducibility used for the titration, in millilitres;
The standard deviation for repeatability is 0,10 %. fD is the factor of the 0,03 mol/l EDTA
The standard deviation for reproducibility is 0,25 %. solution defined in 4.53;
13.10 Determination of iron (III) oxide m23 is the mass of the test portion as in 13.2
13.10.1 Procedure (m17) or 13.5.1 (m20), in grams.
Pipette 100 ml of the solution prepared in 13.10.3 Repeatability and reproducibility
accordance with 13.7 from the 500 ml volumetric
flask into a beaker compatible with the measuring The standard deviation for repeatability is 0,08 %.
apparatus (5.11). Then make up with water to a The standard deviation for reproducibility is 0,15 %.
volume suitable for the correct operation of the 13.11 Determination of aluminium oxide
equipment.
13.11.1 Procedure
Add 0,5 g amino-acetic acid (4.18) and 0,3 g to 0,4 g
Cool the solution retained from 13.10.1 to room
of sulfosalicylic acid indicator (4.60).
temperature. Then add 5 ml of acetic acid (4.17)
Using a pH meter, adjust the pH of this solution to then, drop by drop, the ammonium acetate
(1,5 0,1) with the ammonium solution (4.44) so as to obtain a pH of (3,05 0,05).
hydroxide 1 + 1 (4.21) and 1 + 10 (4.22). This zone shall be strictly adhered to and controlled
Heat to (47,5 2,5) C. Place the beaker in the by means of a pH meter. Under no circumstances is
apparatus (5.11) set at 520 nm and, while stirring a pH of 3,1 to be exceeded. Bring to the boil, add
the solution, titrate with 0,03 mol/l EDTA three drops of the copper complexonate
solution (4.53). In the vicinity of the indicator colour solution (4.54) and 10 drops of PAN indicator (4.61).
change, construct a diagram of the optical density During the titration, the solution shall be kept
values as a function of the volume of EDTA added. gently boiling (work in a fume cupboard). Titrate
The volume V10 used is determined from the with the 0,03 mol/l EDTA solution (4.53) until the
intersection of the line of greatest slope in the region colour changes from violet-pink to pale yellow.
of the colour change and the line of almost constant When the pink colour reappears, add the 0,03 mol/l
optical density after the colour change. EDTA drop by drop until the yellow colour persists
During the titration, the temperature of the solution for at least 1 min.
shall not exceed 50 C. Otherwise the determination
shall be repeated.
BSI 03-1999 21
EN 196-2:1994
13.11.2 Expression of results 13.12.2 Expression of results

The aluminium oxide content is calculated in The calcium oxide content is calculated in percent
percent from the formula: from the formula:
(24)
(23)
where
V12 is the volume of 0,03 mol/l EGTA solution
used for titration, in millilitres;
fG is the factor of the 0,03 mol/l EGTA
solution defined in 4.55.3;
where
V11 is the volume of 0,03 mol/l EDTA solution (m17) or 13.5.1 (m20), in grams.
used for the titration, in millilitres;
NOTE Strontium oxide is determined and expressed as calcium
fD is the factor of the 0,03 mol/l EDTA oxide.
13.12.3 Repeatability and reproducibility
(m17) or 13.5.1 (m20), in grams.
13.11.3 Repeatability and reproducibility 13.13 Determination of magnesium oxide by
The standard deviation for repeatability is 0,10 %. DCTA (reference method)
The standard deviation for reproducibility is 0,25 %. 13.13.1 Procedure
13.12 Determination of calcium oxide by EGTA Pipette 50 ml of the solution prepared in accordance
(reference method) with 13.7 from the 500 ml volumetric flask into a
13.12.1 Procedure beaker compatible with the measuring
apparatus (5.11), add 50 ml of triethanolamine
Pipette 25 ml of the solution prepared in accordance solution 1 + 4 (4.45) and a volume V13 of the EGTA
with 13.7 from the 500 ml volumetric flask into a solution. The volume V13 required is calculated in
beaker compatible with the measuring millilitres from the formula:
apparatus (5.11) and make up to the same volume
as in 4.55.3 with water and then add 25 ml of the
V13 = 2 V12 + 1,5 (25)
triethanolamine solution 1 + 4 (4.45). Adjust the pH
of this solution to 12,5 (using a pH meter) with a where
sodium hydroxide solution (4.25). Add about 0,1 g of V12 is the volume of the EGTA solution used
murexide (4.57) or calcein indicator (4.58). Place the for titration in accordance with 13.12.1, in
beaker in the apparatus (5.11) set at 520 nm when millilitres;
using calcein or at 620 nm when using murexide
and, while stirring, titrate with the 0,03 mol/l EGTA V13 is the volume of the EGTA solution, in
solution (4.55). In the vicinity of the colour change, millilitres.
construct a diagram of the readings from the After addition of the calculated volume of EGTA
measuring apparatus as a function of the volume of solution, dilute with water to a volume suitable for
EGTA added. The volume V12 used is determined the correct operation of the apparatus. Using a pH
from the intersection of the line of greatest slope in meter, adjust the pH of this solution to 10,5 with
the region of the colour change and the line of concentrated ammonium hydroxide.
almost constant optical density after the colour
Add about 0,1 g of methylthymol blue
change.
indicator (4.62).
22 BSI 03-1999
EN 196-2:1994
Place the beaker in the apparatus (5.11) set Add about 0,1 g of murexide (4.57) or calcein
at 620 nm and, while stirring the solution, titrate indicator (4.58). Place the beaker in the
with the 0,01 mol/l DCTA solution (4.56). In the apparatus (5.11) set at 620 nm when using
vicinity of the colour change of the indicator, plot a murexide or at 520 nm when using calcein and,
graph of the optical density values as a function of while stirring the solution, titrate with
the volume of DCTA added. The volume V14 used is the 0,03 mol/l EDTA solution (4.53). In the vicinity
determined from the intersection of the line of of the colour change of the indicator, plot a graph of
greatest slope in the region of the colour change and the optical density values as a function of the
the line of almost constant optical density after the volume of EDTA added. The volume V15 used is
colour change. determined from the intersection of the line of
13.13.2 Expression of results greatest slope in the region of the colour change and
the line of almost constant optical density after the
The magnesium oxide content is calculated in colour change.
percent from the formula:
The calcium oxide content is calculated in percent
from the formula:
(26)
where (27)
V14 is the volume of 0,01 mol/l DCTA solution
where
fc is the factor of the 0,01 mol/1 solution
defined as 4.56.3; V15 is the volume of 0,03 mol/l EDTA solution
(m17) or 13.5.1 (m20), in grams. fD is the factor of the 0,03 mol/l EDTA
The standard deviation for repeatability is 0,15 %. (m17) or 13.5.1 (m20), in grams.
NOTE Strontium oxide is determined and expressed as calcium
13.14 Determination of calcium oxide by EDTA oxide.
(alternative method) 13.14.4 Repeatability and reproducibility
13.14.1 Restriction on the method The standard deviation for repeatability is 0,15 %.
This method shall be preceded by the determination The standard deviation for reproducibility is 0,43 %
of manganese content (see clause 12 and 13.15 Determination of magnesium oxide by
also 13.15.1). EDTA (alternative method)
13.14.2 Procedure 13.15.1 Restriction on the method
Pipette 50 ml of the solution prepared in accordance For the rare particular instances where cements
with 13.7 from the 500 ml volumetric flask into a have a manganese oxide (Mn2O3) content greater
beaker compatible with the measuring than 0,5 %, the method of determination of
apparatus (5.11). Then dilute with water to a magnesium oxide by DCTA (13.13) is applicable.
volume suitable for the correct operation of the Indeed in this case, the alternative method gives
equipment. Add 50 ml of the triethanolamine high results, or it requires a preliminary separation
solution 1 + 4 (4.45). of hydroxides by precipitation.
13.15.2 Procedure
to 12,5 with the sodium hydroxide solution (4.25).
Pipette 50 ml of the solution prepared in accordance
with 13.7 from the 500 ml volumetric flask into a
beaker compatible with the measuring
apparatus (5.11). Then dilute with water to a
volume suitable for the correct operation of the
equipment. Add 50 ml of the triethanolamine
solution 1 + 4 (4.45).
BSI 03-1999 23
EN 196-2:1994
Using a pH meter, adjust the pH of this solution 13.16 Comments on the visual observation of
to 10,5 with dilute ammonium hydroxide 1 + 1. the titrations for the determinations of
Using a burette, add the volume V15 of EDTA calcium oxide and magnesium oxide
required for the titration of calcium oxide previously The methods described in 13.12, 13.13, 13.14
determined in 13.14.2. and 13.15 use a photometric determination of the
Then add about 0,1 g of methylthymol blue end-points.
indicator (4.62). It is possible to make visual observations of the
Place the beaker in the apparatus (5.11) set titrations but with less precision. The indicators
at 620 nm and, while stirring the solution, titrate often used for this purpose are as follows:
with the 0,03 mol/l EDTA solution (4.53). In the a) For the determination of calcium oxide by
vicinity of the colour change of the indicator, plot a EGTA:
graph of the optical density values as a function of mixed indicator: calcein and methylthymol
the volume of EDTA added. The volume V16 used is blue (4.63) (colour change from pale green to
determined from the intersection of the line of pink).
greatest slope in the region of the colour change and
the line of almost constant optical density after the This indicator is suitable also for the
colour change. photometric determination.
b) For the determination of magnesium oxide by
DCTA:
The magnesium oxide content is calculated in
methylthymol blue (4.62) (colour change from
percent from the formula: blue to grey).
c) For the determination of calcium oxide by
EDTA:
calcon (4.59) (colour change from pink to
(28) blue).
d) For the determination of magnesium oxide by
where EDTA:
V15 is the volume of EDTA required for the a dispersion of 1 g of phthalein purple in 100 g
determination of calcium oxide determined of solid NaCl (colour change from violet to pale
in 13.14.2, in millilitres; pink).
V16 is the volume of EDTA required for the
determination of calcium oxide and
magnesium oxide defined in 13.15.2, in
millilitres;
fD is the factor of the 0,03 mol/l EDTA
(m17) or 13.5.1 (m20), in grams.

24 BSI 03-1999
BS EN 196-2:1995
National annex NA (informative) NB.2.1.3 Standard titanium stock solution. Boil

Determination of total sulfur for 15 min a mixture of 4.435 g of potassium
titanium oxalate dihydrate with 8 g of ammonium
NA.1 Procedure sulfate and 50 ml of sulfuric acid. Cool, dilute with
To 1.000 g of cement add 25 ml of saturated bromine water to 1 1 and mix. One ml contains 1.0 mg TiO2.
water and while stirring vigorously add 5 ml of NB.2.1.4 Standard titanium working solution.
hydrochloric acid saturated with bromine. If Dilute the stock solution ten times to give a solution
necessary, heat the solution and break up the of which 1 ml contains 0.10 mg TiO2.
cement with the flattened end of a glass rod until
NB.2.2 Procedure
decomposition is complete. Dilute the solution
to 150 ml and heat it to boiling point until all the Dilute the filtrate, including the dissolved
bromine has been driven off. hydrofluoric acid residue, from a silica
separation (13.5.1) to 500 ml. Take a 50 ml aliquot
Then follow the procedures from the second
(equivalent to 0.1 g of cement), heat to boiling and
paragraph of 8.2.
neutralize with dilute ammonia solution (1 + 1),
NA.2 Calculation using methyl red indicator. Filter the precipitated
Calculate the sulfur content, S, as a percentage from hydroxides on a rapid filter paper8) and wash with
the formula: hot ammonium nitrate solution until the washings
S = W 13.73 are chloride-free. Transfer the precipitate to the
original beaker, first with water and then
where
with 30 ml of hot dilute sulfuric acid (1 + 4), taking
W is the mass of barium sulfate (in g). care to dissolve all the precipitate. Filter if
necessary to remove paper fibres. Cool and transfer
National annex NB (informative) to a 100 ml volumetric flask, add 5 ml of hydrogen
Determination of minor constituents peroxide, dilute to 100 ml and mix the contents.
(TiO2 and P2O5) and free lime Allow 5 min for full colour development before
measuring the optical density.
NB.1 Colorimetry
NB.2.3 Measurement
An approximate determination can be made by
visual comparison with a colorimetric scale The colour can be measured by visual comparison or
corresponding to known quantities of the instrumentally, using a spectrophotometer.
constituent to be determined. With the monochromator-type instrument, operate
A more precise determination can be made at 410 nm; with the filter-type instrument, use a
absorptiometrically. Two kinds of blue filter of which the wavelength band is as near
spectrophotometric apparatus are in common use: as possible to 410 nm9).
that employing a prism or grating monochromator Prepare a range of standards containing known
capable of selecting a wavelength band of amounts of titanium. Each standard should
about 1 nm, and that using an optical filter of the contain 30 ml of sulfuric acid (1 + 4) and 5 ml of
ordinary or the interference type, allowing the hydrogen peroxide in 100 ml. Construct a standard
passage of a band of 5 nm to 20 nm. The narrower curve giving the optical density as a function of
the wave band the more accurately does the concentration. Refer the optical density obtained for
additivity law apply to the optical densities the sample solution to this curve and calculate the
measured. percentage TiO2 content.
NB.2 Colorimetric determination of titanium NB.3 Colorimetric determination of
NB.2.1 Reagents phosphorus
NB.2.1.1 Ammonium nitrate. Dissolve 20 g of NB.3.1 Reagents
ammonium nitrate in 1 l of water and just NB.3.1.1 Ammonium vanado molybdate (AVM).
neutralize to methyl red with ammonia solution. Dissolve 1 g of ammonium vanadate in 300 ml of
NB.2.1.2 Hydrogen peroxide. 6 % (20 volumes). water, preferably with the help of mechanical
stirring. After complete solution, add slowly 140 ml
of nitric acid then 400 ml of 10 % ammonium
molybdate solution. Make up the mixture to 1 l with
water.
8)
A Whatman No. 541 or similar filter paper is suitable.
9)
An Ilford 601 filter is suitable.
BSI 03-1999 25
BS EN 196-2:1995
NB.3.1.2 Standard phosphate solution. Dissolve NOTE Water content in absolute alcohol and glycol can be
exactly 0.186 g of dry diammonium phosphate in determined by titration by the Karl Fischer method.
water and dilute to 1 l. One ml contains 0.1 mg Add to each litre of glycol 5 ml of mixed
P2O5. indicator (NB.4.1.1) and adjust if necessary by the
addition of alcoholic potassium hydroxide to a green
NB.3.1.3 Sodium fluoride solution. Dissolve 20 g of
sodium fluoride in 1 l of water. colour.
NB.3.2 Procedure NB.4.1.4 Hydrochloric acid. (0.1 N).
NB.4.1.5 Calcium oxide standard. Ignite
Dilute the filtrate, including the dissolved
about 0.20 g of calcium carbonate in a weighed
hydrofluoric acid residue, from a silica
platinum crucible at 1 000 C in an electric furnace.
separation (13.5.1) to 500 ml. Place a 50 ml aliquot
Verify the complete removal of carbon dioxide by
(equivalent to 0.1 g of cement) in a 100 ml
volumetric flask, add 15 ml of AVM re-weighing and record the mass of calcium oxide.
reagent (NB.3.1.1) and allow to stand. (If the iron NB.4.2 Procedure
content of the cement exceeds 3 % Fe2O3 add 5 ml of Weigh a 1 000 g sample into a dry conical 200 ml
sodium fluoride solution after 20 min). Dilute flask, add 1 g to 2 g of dry sand11). and about 0.5 g of
to 100 ml and mix. Measure the optical dry filter paper or pulp. Mix thoroughly. Add 40 ml
density 30 min after adding the AVM solution. of glycol, stopper the flask. Shake or stir vigorously.
NB.3.3 Measurement Place the flask for 30 min in a water bath at 65 C
The colour can be measured by visual comparison or to 70 C and shake manually every 5 min.
Continuous mechanical agitation is even better.
instrumentally, using a spectrophotometer.
Filter the mixture under suction through a dry filter
With the monochromator-type instrument, operate
of suitable porosity to provide a clear filtrate. Unless
at 426 nm; with the filter-type instrument, use a
the filtration is rapid it may be necessary to keep the
filter of which the wavelength band is as near as
possible to 426 nm10). mouth of the sintered glass filter protected by an
apparatus which will remove moisture and carbon
Prepare a range of standards containing known dioxide from incoming air (for instance a close
amounts of phosphorus and the same amounts of fitting rubber cover connected to guard tubes
reagents as the sample. Construct a standard curve containing soda-lime and magnesium perchlorate).
giving the optical density as a function of
Wash with three separate 10 ml portions of absolute
concentration. Refer the optical density obtained for
the sample solution to this curve and calculate the alcohol or hot glycol, carefully rinsing the conical
percentage P2O5 content. flask, then remove the filtration flask and titrate
with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid until the colour
NB.4 Estimation of free lime (calcium oxide changes (colour changes through brown to orange).
plus calcium hydroxide)
NB.4.3 Standardization
NB.4.1 Special reagents
Transfer the weighed calcium oxide obtained
NB.4.1.1 Mixed indicator. Dissolve 0.05 g of methyl in NB.4.1.5 to a dry conical flask, add 40 ml of
red in about 40 ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, glycol, agitate and heat as in NB.4.2. The lime
and 0.05 g of bromocresol green in about 40 ml of should dissolve without residue. Nevertheless, filter
ethyl alcohol. Mix both solutions and make up and titrate as in NB.4.2.
to 100 ml with ethyl alcohol.
NB.4.4 Calculation
NB.4.1.2 Absolute ethyl alcohol. This liquid readily
Calculate the free lime content, Ca, as a percentage
absorbs moisture from the atmosphere. It should be
from the formula:
kept in tightly stoppered bottles fitted with an
airtight cap, and opened only for the lapse of time
necessary for manipulations.
NB.4.1.3 Glycol. (1 : 2 ethane diol). Ensure that this
reagent is pure and anhydrous. It absorbs where
atmospheric moisture and should be treated in the w is the mass of standard calcium oxide (in g);
same way as absolute alcohol. Ensure that the glycol ts is the volume of hydrochloric acid used
does not contain more than 0.5 % of water. in NB.4.3 (in ml);
10)
An Ilford 601 filter is suitable.
11)
It is best to use quartz sand (grains of about 0.5 mm diameter upwards or glass beads for this purpose. Alternatively,
magnetic stirring with a naked magnet may be employed.
26 BSI 03-1999
BS EN 196-2:1995
t is the volume of hydrochloric acid used NC.4 Method

in NB.4.2 (in ml). Weigh 1.000 g of the sample and place into a glass
vial. Pipette into the vial 4.0 ml of industrial
National annex NC (informative) methylated spirits and 1.0 ml of the decanol
Determination of propylene glycol solution.
content Place the cap on the vial and shake vigorously
for 1 min. Centrifuge at an acceleration
NC.1 Principle
of 7 000 m/s2 for 5 min. Decant the clear liquid into
The cement is extracted with industrial methylated a clean vial. Inject 1.0 4l into the chromatograph
spirits containing decanol as an internal standard. using the following operational conditions.
After centrifuging, the clear solution is analysed by
gas liquid chromatography.
a) Column 10 % polyethylene glycol
NC.2 Reagents (molecular weight 20 000) on
NC.2.1 Industrial methylated spirits. diatomite Grade C,
NC.2.2 Decanol solution (250 mg/l). Weigh 0.250 g acid-washed 150 4m to 125
of decan-l-ol and dilute to 1 000 ml in a volumetric 4m, length 1.5 m, internal
flask with the industrial methylated spirits. diameter 4 mm.
NC.2.3 Propylene glycol solution (500 mg/l). b) Carrier gas Nitrogen, flow rate 40 ml/min.
Weigh 0.100 g of propane-1,2-diol and dilute c) Column 150 C.
to 200 ml in a volumetric flask with the industrial temperature
methylated spirits.
d) Recorder 10 mm/min.
NC.3 Apparatus
chart speed
NC.3.1 Electric centrifuge12), complying with
BS 4402, capable of whirling two or more filled The chromatograms of the calibration solutions
centrifuge tubes at a speed controlled to give an (see NC.5) give peaks due to propylene glycol and
acceleration of 7 000 m/s2 at the tips of the tubes decanol at approximately 7 min and 14 min
calculated from the formula: respectively after the sample is injected. If
propylene glycol is present in the sample then the
acceleration = 11 n2r 10 6 chromatogram obtained from the sample containing
where the internal standard will give peaks with similar
retention times. Measure these peak areas either
n is the rate of rotation (r/min);
manually or using an integrator. Calculate the
r is the radial distance to the inside of the ratio:
tips of the tubes when rotating (mm).
NC.3.2 15 ml glass vials (with caps), suitable for use
with NC.3.1.
Read off the proportion of propylene glycol in the
NC.3.3 Graduated pipettes(10 ml and 1 ml). cement from the calibration graph, prepared as
NC.3.4 Gas liquid chromatograph equipped with in NC.5 and report it as a percentage to the
flame ionization detector. nearest 0.01 %.
NC.5 Preparation of calibration graph
Transfer by means of a
pipette 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, 2.0 ml, 3.0 ml, 4.0 ml
and 5.0 ml aliquots of the propylene glycol solution
each into one of six glass vials. Add to each
vial 1.0 ml of the decanol solution and mix
thoroughly.
12)
For information on the availability of a suitable electric centrifuge, write to Customer Services, Information Services Group,
BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL.
BSI 03-1999 27
BS EN 196-2:1995
Analyse each mixture on the chromatograph as A monitoring scheme is incorporated to compensate

in NC.4. Plot a graph of the ratio of the peak areas for any short-term instrumental drift and thus to
against percentage of propylene glycol in 1 g of avoid the need for full re-calibration with every
cement. (The above aliquots are equivalent batch of test samples. The frequency of full
to 0.025 %, 0.05 %, 0.10 %, 0.15 %, 0.20 % re-calibration for each particular instrument is
and 0.25 % propylene glycol in cement respectively.) determined by the analyst. An on-going check on the
NC.6 Normative reference accuracy of the method is made by incorporating
beads made with a certified reference cement with
BS 4402:1982, Specification for safety requirements
each batch of test samples.
for laboratory centrifuges.
ND.3 Symbols
National annex ND (informative)
Method of analysis of cements by X-ray I Intensity for an element
fluorescence spectrometry IM Intensity for an element from the single
ND.1 General monitor bead
The method is intended for the determination of the IH Intensity for an element from the high
major oxide contents of Portland cement, monitor bead
conforming to BS 12:1991 (see note), within the IL Intensity for an element from the low
following compositional ranges. monitor bead
Oxide %
m Slope of a calibration line in
SiO2 18 24 concentration per unit intensity
Al2O3 2.6 8 k1, m1 Intercept (concentration at zero
intensity) and slope (concentration per
Fe2O3 1.5 7 unit intensity ratio) for an element when
CaO 61 69 using the single monitor method
MgO 0.5 4 k2, m2 Intercept (concentration at zero
intensity) and slope (concentration per
SO3 0.2 4 unit intensity) for an element when
K 2O 0.2 1.0 using the high/low monitors
Concentration of an oxide in the
It is not considered appropriate to apply this method C
calibration standards calculated using a
to the determination of Na2O content in view of the
calibration line
inadequate precision at present obtainable by X-ray
fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry using fused beads Concentration of an oxide in the high
C H, C L and low monitors calculated using a
at the levels normally present in cements.
NOTE Whilst the method was originally developed for cements calibration line at the time of calibration
conforming to the 1978 and 1989 editions of BS 12, the Actual concentration of an oxide in a
calibration range has been extended to allow for minor
C
constituents of up to 5 %. It is therefore believed that the method standard bead, calculated from the
and precision values will be valid for Portland cement conforming masses given in ND.5
to BS 12:1991.
ND.2 Principle C Average concentration of an oxide in
the 14 calibration standards, calculated
The cement is fused with a mixture of lithium from the masses given in ND.5
tetraborate and lanthanum oxide. The resultant
melt is cast to form a glass bead suitable for CK Concentration of K2O in the unknowns
2O
introduction into an X-ray fluorescence calculated using the calibration line for
spectrometer. The intensities of the fluorescent K2O (as used in ND.11.3)
X-rays of the required elements are measured and C9CaO Apparent concentration of CaO
the chemical composition of the cement is
determined by reference to previously established C 9CaO Apparent concentration of CaO
calibrations. These have been selected to cover calculated using the calibration line for
narrow compositional ranges so that, together with CaO, prior to applying the !-correction
the use of lanthanum oxide as a heavy absorber, for K2O
matrix effects are minimized.
C CaO Calculated concentration CaO after
applying the !-correction for K2O
28 BSI 03-1999
BS EN 196-2:1995
a Influence coefficient of potassium on Table ND.1 Ignition conditions for pure

calcium standards
Temp. Time
K Figure of merit
S Calibration standard deviation C h
Silicon dixoide (SiO2) 1 200 1

ND.4 Sample preparation (see ND.7)
Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) 1 200 1
Remove a 100 g subsample from the original
laboratory sample by repeated riffling, or by use of a Iron oxide (Fe2O3) 700 1
rotating sampler, or by spreading the material in a Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) 220 2
thin layer and taking about 50 evenly spaced Magnesium oxide (MgO) 1 200 1
spoonfuls.
Calcium sulfate (CaSO4.2H2O) 500 1
Separate the subsample into coarse and fine
Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) 220 2
fractions by passing through a 150 4m sieve.
Remove with a magnet any iron from the material
ND.6 Apparatus
retained on the sieve and then grind the remainder
so that it passes the 150 4m sieve. ND.6.1 General. Vessels used for the fusion of
samples with the flux and for casting the beads,
Transfer both fractions to a clean, dry, 200 ml bottle
made from a platinum alloy which is not wetted by
with an air-tight closure and thoroughly mix by
the melt.
tumbling, rolling and shaking for at least 2 min,
NOTE Platinum 95 %/gold 5 % is suitable.
(test portion).
ND.6.2 Fusion dishes, of sufficient capacity to hold
ND.5 Reagents the quantity of unfused sample and flux required by
ND.5.1 Lithium tetraborate flux (purity not less the size of the casting mould.
than 99.99 %). Ignite the lithium tetraborate NOTE A fusion dish of 50 ml capacity is generally suitable.
at (600 25) C for a minimum of 2 h and allow to ND.6.3 Casting moulds, designed to give a circular
cool over a suitable desiccant immediately prior to bead of a diameter within the range 35 mm
weighing. to 40 mm and of thickness to exceed the critical
ND.5.2 Lanthanum oxide (purity not less depth for the element lines used in analysis, with
than 99.9 %). Sieve the lanthanum oxide to pass sides set at a suitable angle to the vertical, to ensure
a 150 4m sieve, ignite at (1 000 25) C for a that the beads are readily released. The moulds are
minimum of 1 h and allow to cool over a suitable frequently polished and examined for flatness,
desiccant immediately prior to weighing. unless the top surface is used as in ND.8.2, and
NOTE See ND.8.1 e) for action to be taken after changing the reforming is carried out if there is any noticeable
batch of either of the flux components. bowing. Carry out calibration and analysis using
ND.5.3 Chemicals for synthetic calibration the same pattern and size of casting mould
standards. Ignite the high quality purity chemicals throughout.
at the temperature and for the time specified in NOTE It is usually necessary, especially when using moulds of
Table ND.1 and allow to cool over a suitable small size, to place the mould on a heat reservoir, e.g. a small
desiccant immediately prior to weighing. It is piece of refractory material, so that the bead does not crack as a
result of rapid cooling.
necessary for the silicon dioxide and calcium
ND.6.4 Fusion mould. An alternative method is
carbonate to have purities of not less than 99.99 %,
fusion in a dish followed by casting into a mould, for
the aluminium, iron and magnesium oxides to have
which a combined vessel functioning both as a
purities of not less than 99.95 %, and the remaining
fusion dish and a casting mould (see Figure ND.1)
reagents to be of analytical reagent quality or
may be used. It is necessary for the capacity of the
better.
dish to be sufficient to hold the unfused sample and
flux required to fill the mould part of the vessel
when fused. The mould part of the vessel has the
same specifications as given in ND.6.3. However,
where such combined vessels are used, only the top
surface of the bead is suitable for measurement
(see ND.8.2).
BSI 03-1999 29
BS EN 196-2:1995
Figure ND.1 Fusion mould

ND.7 Preparation of beads Place the fusion dish in the furnace
ND.7.1 Number of tests at (1 100 20) C. After 5 min remove the dish,
swirl the melt and return it to the furnace. Place the
Carry out all determinations on test samples and
casting mould (with the refractory reservoir if used,
calibration standards on duplicate beads.
see note to ND.6.3) in the furnace. After a total
ND.7.2 Loss on ignition fusion time of 10 min ( 10 s) remove the casting
Determine the loss on ignition, L, of the test portion mould and reservoir, swift the melt and pour into
using the method described in clause 7 and calculate the mould as quickly as possible. Cover with a
the result to two decimal places. Calculate, to four beaker and allow to cool. Remove the bead from the
decimal places, the mass of sample in grams, WL, casting mould; if this is not easily achieved, tapping
required to give 1.0000 g of ignited sample using the the casting mould gently onto a firm warm surface
equation: will normally release it. Inspect the bead surface to
be analysed for blemishes and if these are present
reject the bead. Alternative techniques for bead
preparation may be used providing the following
Alternatively, take approximately 1.5 g, carry out a criteria are satisfied:
test for loss on ignition in accordance with clause 7 a) the same preparation technique is applied
and use the ignited sample for bead preparation. consistently;
ND.7.3 Weighing b) the melts produced are homogeneous;
Weigh (9.000 0.001) g of the freshly ignited c) there is no measurable loss of any component
lithium tetraborate flux, (1.000 0.001) g of the from the sample during fusion;
freshly ignited lanthanum oxide and either
(WL 0.0001) g of the test portion d) any loss of flux during fusion is reproducible;
or (1.0000 0.0001) g of freshly ignited test portion, e) the process does not contaminate the sample;
into a glass container. Stopper the container and f) beads produced are free from blemishes on the
mix thoroughly. analytical surface.
NOTE It is not necessary to stopper the container completely
after weighing the two flux components. In practice a small
amount of moisture, picked up by the flux, aids the mixing and
the transfer to the fusion dish.
ND.7.4 Fusion
Transfer the mixture as completely as possible to
the fusion dish.
NOTE If desired, 1.01 ml of 1 % aqueous lithium iodide may be
added to aid bead release.
30 BSI 03-1999
BS EN 196-2:1995
ND.8 Measurement e) In order to maintain the ongoing accuracy of

ND.8.1 Instrument requirements the method, a bead prepared with the same batch
of flux and lanthanum oxide as each batch of test
Owing to the inherent differences in commercial
portions, but using a certified reference cement,
XRF instruments it is not possible to specify
is presented to the instrument with that batch of
conditions precisely; in consequence the
test samples. It is necessary that the determined
requirements for the instrument to meet the needs
value for each element lies within D/2
of the analysis are as follows.
[see item d)] of the certified value. If this is not
a) The instrument is used and maintained in the case after repeated measurements,
accordance with the limitations imposed by the undertake recalibration for that element. If a
manufacturer. calibration change has occurred immediately
b) The detector is used within its linear response after the use of a new batch of flux component,
region. prepare new calibration standards.
c) The X-ray line, crystals, collimators, detectors, Table ND.2 Maximum allowable differential
use of off-peak backgrounds and pulse height detection limits
analysis are chosen to avoid line overlap Oxide Maximum allowable differential detection
wherever possible. limit
d) The differential detection limit, D, for each %
element is given by the equation13):
SiO2 0.30
D = 4m = NEL
Al2O3 0.15
where 0.05
Fe2O3
m1 m2 CaO 0.25
m = ---------- or m = --------- according to the monitor
NM t 0.20
MgO
method used (see ND.9); SO3 0.10
where K 2O 0.05
NM is the total number of counts on the single
monitor; ND.8.2 Presentation of the bead
Place the bead in the instrument such that the
t is the counting time (in s);
bottom (flat) surface is presented to the X-ray beam
NEL is the total number of counts at the mean for analysis. The suitability of this method using the
element concentration. top (convex) surface of beads has not been verified,
NOTE For elements where there is no bead containing the
but providing it can be demonstrated that the
mean concentration (SiO2, CaO, SO3) NEL is obtained by precision is not inferior, then its use is permitted. In
linear interpolation from the two beads on either side of that this case additional requirements for the
concentration. specifications of the casting and fusion moulds are
With the instrumental parameters used, it is necessary for
the instrument to satisfy the maximum allowable differential
as follows.
detection limits given in Table ND.2. However, operators There is an adequate horizontal rim to the casting
should strive for the lowest differential detection limits
obtainable within practical counting times. It is necessary
mould or, in the case of fusion moulds, interposed
that the chosen counting time as determined in this clause is between the top of the mould and the sides of the
used for all measurements. dish. The mass of melt is sufficient to fill the mould
(or mould section in the case of fusion moulds) and
give a reproducible convex top surface.
N.D.8.3 Measurement of intensities
Measure and record, for the appropriate counting
time [see ND.8.1 d)], the intensities of the seven
elements in either the single monitor bead (IM) or
the high and low monitor beads (IH andIL);
(see ND.9.2 or ND.9.3). Then measure and record,
for the same counting time, the intensities (I) of the
same elements in a maximum of two test sample
beads. Repeat this cycle until the batch of test
samples is complete.
13)
See Tertian and Claisse. Principles of quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis. Heyden, London 1982, p.349.
BSI 03-1999 31
BS EN 196-2:1995
ND.9 Compensation for instrumental drift ND.10 Calibration

ND.9.1 General ND.10.1 Preparation of standards
This may be achieved by one of two methods, using Prepare a series of seven beads in duplicate using
either a single monitor bead or a pair of high and low the masses given in Table ND.5 and following the
monitor beads. Ignition of reagents to use is not procedure given in ND.7.3 and ND.7.4. The
necessary in the preparation of monitor beads. composition of these beads corresponds to cements
ND.9.2 Single monitor method with the compositions given in Table ND.6.
Prepare a bead using the masses of oxides, ND.10.2 Measurement
carbonate, sulfate and flux specified in Table ND.3 Using the cycle of monitor (single or high and low)
and following the procedure given in ND.7.3 and two test samples as in N.D.8.3N.D.8.3,
and ND.7.4. measure and record, for the appropriate counting
Table ND.3 Mass of ingredients to be used time [see ND.8.1 e)], the intensities of the seven
for single monitor bead elements in the 14 calibration standards (duplicate
beads 1 to 7 of Table ND.6). The values are
Ingredient Mass
designated I and IM (or IH and IL) as appropriate.
g a) Single monitor method. Using a linear
SiO2 0.2 regression procedure, determine for each
element, except calcium (see ND.10.3), the slope,
Al2O3 0.1
m1, and intercept, k1, of the calibration line of
Fe2O3 0.1 actual concentration, C, (taken from Table ND.6)
CaCO3 1.0 against I/IM. Determine the calculated value for
MgO 0.1 each element in the calibration standards from
the formula:
K2CO3 0.1
C = k1 + (m1 I/IM)
CaSO4 0.1
1.0 b) High and low monitors method. Using a linear
La2O3
regression procedure, determine for each
Flux 8.9 element, except calcium (see ND.10.3), the slope,
m2, and intercept, k2, of the calibration line of
ND.9.3 High and low monitors method
actual concentration, C, (taken from Table ND.6)
Prepare beads using the masses of oxides, against I. Then determine the calculated
carbonate, sulfate and flux specified in Table ND.4
concentration, C H and C L , of the high and low
and following the procedure given in ND.7.3 monitors from intensities IH and IL using the
and ND.7.4. formulae:
Table ND.4 Mass of ingredients to be used
C H = k2 + (m2 IH) and
for high and low monitor beads
Ingredient High Low C L = k2 + (m2 IL) respectively.
g g Determine the calculated value for each element
in the calibration standards from the formula:
SiO2 0.3 0.1
Al2O3 0.1 Nil
Fe2O3 0.1 Nil
CaCO3 1.2 1.0
MgO 0.1 Nil
K2CO3 0.1 Nil
CaSO4 0.1 Nil
La2O3 1.0 1.0
Flux 8.5 9.3
32 BSI 03-1999
BS EN 196-2:1995
Table ND.5 Calibration standards: mass of ingredients required for each fusion
Ingredient Bead number
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
g g g g g g g
SiO2 0.2400 0.1950 0.2040 0.2230 0.1800 0.1870 0.2140

Al2O3 0.0720 0.0810 0.0260 0.0540 0.0450 0.0630 0.0360
Fe2O3 0.0150 0.0610 0.0680 0.0420 0.0530 0.0230 0.0340
CaCO3 1.0422 1.0912 1.0960 1.1487 1.1354 1.1886 1.1992
MgO 0.0110 0.0170 0.0400 0.0260 0.0220 0.0320 0.0050
K2CO3 0.0147 0.0059 0.0029 0.0117 0.0088 0.0176
CaSO4 0.0680 0.0306 0.0459 0.0034 0.0578 0.0170 0.0391
La2O3 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Li2B4O7 9.000 9.000 9.000 9.000 9.000 9.000 9.000
Table ND.6 Composition of calibration standards

Oxide Bead number
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mean
% % % % % % % %
SiO2 24.0 19.5 20.4 22.3 18.0 18.7 21.4 20.6
Al2O3 7.2 8.1 2.6 5.4 4.5 6.3 3.6 5.4
Fe2O3 1.5 6.1 6.8 4.2 5.3 2.3 3.4 4.2
CaO 61.2 62.4 63.3 64.5 66.0 67.3 68.8 64.8
MgO 1.1 1.7 4.0 2.6 2.2 3.2 0.5 2.2
SO3 4.0 1.8 2.7 0.2 3.4 1.0 2.3 2.2
K 2O 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.6 1.2 0.0 0.6
ND.10.3 Influence of potassium on calcium Prepare two beads in duplicate using the masses
To calibrate for calcium it is necessary to know the given in Table ND.7 and following the procedure
influence coefficient (!) of potassium on calcium. given in ND.7.3 and ND.7.4.
This is defined by the equation: Measure the intensities for calcium on each bead
using identical measuring conditions to those used
C CaO = C 9 CaO (1 + ! C K O).
2 in the main calibration, and calculate ! for
NOTE This equation is based on an alpha coefficient expressed potassium on calcium using the formula:
in terms of per cent concentration units. Where ! has been
calculated from intensity or other units, an appropriate
conversion is required.
Hence, for calcium, utilize in ND.10.2 a)
or ND.10.2 b) the calibration lines of apparent where
concentration, calculated from: I1 is the intensity for calcium in bead 1;
I2 is the intensity for calcium in bead 2.
The value of !, which will be specific for a particular

set of instrumental parameters, may be obtained by
one of the following means:
a) from a published theoretical paper;
b) calculated using appropriate computer
software;
c) determined using the following method.
BSI 03-1999 33
BS EN 196-2:1995
Table ND.7 Composition of beads for ND.11.2 High and low monitors method
determination of !-correction Calculate the oxide content of the test sample for all
Bead 1 Bead 2 the elements except calcium using the equation:
Mass Equivalent Mass Equivalent % oxide (as-received, basis)
Ingredient oxide oxide
g % g %
SiO2 0.3500 35 0.2500 25

ND.11.3 Calculation of calcium oxide content
CaCO3 1.1600 65 1.1600 65
Calculate:
K2CO3 0 0 0.1467 10
a) an apparent calcium oxide content of the test
La2O3 1.000 1.000 sample
Li2B4O7 9.000 9.000
( C9 CaO) and the potassium oxide content of the test
ND.10.4 Examination of calibration data sample
Examine the data to determine whether linear ( C K2 O ) using the equation in ND.10.2 a)
calibration has been obtained (for calcium after or ND.10.2 b) as appropriate;
applying the ! correction), with K values not
b) the corrected calcium oxide content using the
exceeding 0.05,
equations:
n is the number of standards (7 duplicate ND.12 Precision

beads, i.e. 14). ND.12.1 The precision values for SiO2 and CaO are
If higher K values are obtained, examine the given in Table ND.8.
calibration data for outliers and, if necessary, Table ND.8 Precision values for SiO2 and
re-make the standards. CaO
NOTE If C differs from C by more than 2.6 , where Oxide Range r1 r2 R
k = k1 or k2 and b = IM/m1 or 1/m2 as appropriate, then the % % % %

measurement may be considered to be an outlier rated at the 1 %
significance level and excluded. SiO2 19.9 to 23.4 0.17 0.28 0.49
If difficulty is still encountered in achieving these CaO 64.2 to 66.4 0.27 0.46 0.63
requirements, check the sensitivity for that element
[see ND.8.1d)]. ND.12.2 The precision value at a particular level of
ND.11 Measurement of test samples concentration of Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, K2O and SO3 is
calculated as:
ND.11.1 Single monitor method
r1 (or r2 or R) % = b c
Calculate the oxide content of the test sample for all
elements except calcium using the equation: where
% oxide (as-received basis) b is the multiplier from Table ND.9;
c is the level of concentration in %.
34 BSI 03-1999
BS EN 196-2:1995
Table ND.9 Multipliers for precision values ND.12.4 Each of the values r1, r2 and R is a value
for Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, K2O and SO3 which should be exceeded on only 1 in 20 occasions
Oxide Range r1 r2 R
by the difference between two test results:
r1 should be used when the two results are
% % % %
obtained from repeat runs on the same bead (and
Al2O3 3.1 to 6.7 0.050 0.065 0.099 obtained by the same operator, using the same
Fe2O3 2.3 to 5.0 0.029 0.038 0.077 equipment);
MgO 0.9 to 2.7 0.094 0.097 0.143 r2 should be used when the two results are
0.2 to 1.0 0.018 0.025 0.101 obtained from different beads made from the
K 2O
same cement sample (and obtained by the same
SO3 1.4 to 3.7 0.035 0.077 0.151 operator, using the same equipment);
ND.12.3 The precision information given here was R should be used when the two results are
obtained from an experiment carried out in the obtained by different operators, using different
period 1986 to 1988, involving 12 laboratories. The equipment, analysing different beads made from
experiment was designed, and the data analysed, by the same cement sample.
following the principles set out in BS 5497-1. Seven The precision values were first calculated for each
cements were used with the compositions shown in cement separately. For SiO2 and CaO the ranges of
Table ND.10. Approximately 5 kg of each of these concentrations in the seven cements were
cements was homogenised and one 100 g sample of numerically small, so values of r1, r2 and R were
each sent to each participant. The participants were calculated as averages over the seven cements.
required to calibrate their instruments by the These values are given in Table ND.8.
procedure described in the method, make two beads For the other oxides the precision values varied with
from each sample, then do two analyses on each bed the level of concentration of the oxides, so equations
one or two weeks apart. of the form given in ND.12.2 are used to provide a
concise summary of the results.
Table ND.10 Composition of cements used in precision experiment
SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 K2 O
Cement Type
% % % % % % %
XP1 RHPCa 21.0 4.9 2.8 64.2 1.60 3.7 1.04

XP2 OPCa 19.9 5.5 3.3 64.7 2.70 2.6 0.48
XP3 OPC a 20.1 6.7 2.3 65.2 1.18 3.1 0.60
XP4 OPC a 20.7 5.1 2.9 64.8 2.33 2.6 0.76
XP5 CPA55b 23.4 3.1 2.5 66.3 1.17 1.9 0.21
XP6 Ground clinker 21.4 6.1 2.5 66.4 0.96 1.4 0.62
XP7 SRPCc 22.3 3.4 5.0 65.0 0.89 2.2 0.70
a Conforming to BS 12.
b Conforming to NF P 15-301 (identical with DD ENV 197-1).
c
Conforming to BS 4027.
BSI 03-1999 35
BS EN 196-2:1995
ND.12.5 The data obtained in the precision ND.15 Informative references

experiment were examined for outliers and BS 12:1991, Specification for Portland cement.
stragglers using the methods described in
BS 4027:1991, Specification for sulfate-resisting
BS 5497-1. All the data for one laboratory were
Portland cement.
excluded from the calculation of the CaO precision
values, all the data from another laboratory were BS 5497, Precision of test methods.
excluded from the calculation of the SO3 precision BS 5497-1:1987, Guide for the determination of
values, and all the data from two laboratories were repeatability and reproducibility for a standard test
excluded from the calculation of the K2O precision method by interlaboratory tests.
values. Some other data were also excluded. DD ENV 197-1:1994, Cement. Composition,
ND.13 Equivalence of X-ray fluorescence specifications and conformity criteria
spectrometry method Part 1: Common cements.
Table ND.11 and Table ND.12 offer supportive
evidence for the equivalence of the method to the National annex NE (informative)
reference methods as required by clause 1. The Methylene blue test
precision figures are compared to those obtained NE.0 Introduction
from the co-operative XRF CERILH
exercise (1986/7). Table ND.12 shows comparisons This annex comprises a translation of the French
to wet analysis figures for two of the samples from Experimental Standard P 18-592 Aggregates.
the precision experiment. Methylene blue test, of July 1980, for the
determination of the methylene blue adsorption.
Table ND.11 Comparison of precision values
for CERILH interlaboratory test sample (XP5) Although this French Experimental Standard was
revised in December 1990, the earlier version was
Oxide r1 R called up in the June 1989 draft European
BSI Panel CERLIH BSI Panel CERLIH Prestandard for cement with which the 1991
versions of the British Standard specifications for
% % % %
cements were aligned. Hence, in order to maintain
SiO2 0.17 0.25 0.60 0.56 co-ordination in the revised British Standards,
Al2O3 0.09 0.11 0.23 0.25 the 1980 version of the French Standard has been
0.04 0.06 0.11 0.18 retained in this national annex.
Fe2O3
0.27 0.31 0.74 0.74 It should be noted that the object (see NE.1) of the
CaO
French Standard is the determination of the blue
MgO 0.10 0.08 0.13 0.19
value of the fine fraction of a sand, defined
SO3 0.04 0.06 0.21 0.20 elsewhere as particles below 80 4m, and that it is
currently under consideration by CEN/TC 154,
Table ND.12 Accuracy checks against wet Aggregates. The details would thus seem to require
analysis figures some modification in order to provide a suitable
Oxide Sample XP6 Sample XP5 procedure for the assessment of crushed limestone.
In particular, it is necessary to grind the limestone
BSI Blue Circle BSI (XRF) CERILH
(XRF) (wet) (wet) to pass a 90 4m sieve; furthermore, the sample size
can be reduced to about 2 g, with corresponding
% % % % reduction in the addition of the reagent.
SiO2 21.40 21.38 23.40 23.24 The foreword to Experimental Standard
Al2O3 6.10 5.97 3.10 3.22 P 18-592:1980 is as follows.
Fe2O3 2.50 2.56 2.50 2.55 AFNOR has prepared this standard and
CaO 66.40 66.39 66.30 66.60 proposes to give it the status of an experimental
0.96 0.97 1.17 1.16 standard, in view of the need to confirm the
MgO
1.79 validity of the test through experience.
SO3 1.40 1.44 1.90
0.62 0.60 0.21 0.21 After a maximum period of 3 years, this
K 2O
standard will be subject to a new examination
ND.14 Reporting and to a possible modification of its status.
NOTE The French standards referred to in the text are
Calculate the average of the results from duplicate available from BSI Customer Services, 389 Chiswick High Road,
beads and report SiO2 and CaO to one decimal place London W4 4AL.
and the other oxides to two decimal places.
36 BSI 03-1999
BS EN 196-2:1995
NE.1 Object NE.5.2 Apparatus for general use

The object of the present standard is a description of Balance, the capacity of which is compatible with
the method for the determination of the blue value the mass of the test sample and is accurate to within
of the fine fraction of a sand14). It also describes a about 1 %.
rapid method of checking the conformity of a sand Stopclock or stopwatch.
with a specified blue value.
Sampling equipment15).
NE.2 Field of application
NE.5.3 Materials
The present standard is applicable to sands of
Methylene blue solution of medicinal quality
natural or artificial origin, for use in building and
at (10 0.1) g/l.
public works.
Demineralized or distilled water.
NE.3 Purpose of the test
NE.6 Calculation of the sample size
This test permits the measurement of the capacity
of the fine particles of a sand to adsorb methylene Knowing the contents of moisture, w, and of fines, f,
blue. (see standard NF P 18-59716)) calculate the mass of
the test sample, to the nearest 1 g, including the
Since methylene blue is adsorbed preferentially by
water content, by the formula:
clays, organic substances and iron hydroxides, this
capacity takes account of the total surface activity of
these elements.
The blue value of the fines is the quantity of
methylene blue adsorbed by 100 g of fines. where
NE.4 Principle of the test f9 represents the quantity of fines, in g, which it
The test consists of measuring, by titration, the is desirable to have in the test sample
adsorption capacity of the material. (about 30 g).
Aliquots of methylene blue solution are injected NE.7 Test method
successively into the water bath containing the test NE.7.1 Dispersing the test sample
sample. The adsorption of the blue is checked after Place the test sample into a 500 ml beaker
each addition by making a stain on a filter paper with 200 cm3 of demineralized or distilled water.
(stain test, see NE.7.2.1). Stir for one minute at 700 min1, then continuously
For a simple conformity check, the specified at 400 min1 during the whole duration of the test
quantity of blue is injected at one time. using the stirrer, the blades being situated at 1 cm
NE.5 Apparatus above the bottom of the beaker.
NE.5.1 Specific apparatus NE.7.2 Determination by titration of the
Burette quantity of blue adsorbed
capacity: 100 cm3 or 50 cm3; NE.7.2.1 Description of the stain test
graduation: 0.1 cm3 or 0.2 cm3. Following each injection of blue (see NE.7.2.2), this
Filter paper: analytical, ash-less (< 0.010); test consists of using the glass rod to pick up a drop
weight: 95 g/m2; of suspension which is deposited on the filter paper.
thickness: 0.20 mm, filtration The stain which is formed comprises a central
rate: 75; deposit of material, tinted by a generally strong blue
colour, surrounded by a colourless wet zone.
retention: 8 4m.
Glass rod: length 300 mm; diameter 8 mm. The drop taken shall be such that the diameter of
the deposit is between 8 mm and 12 mm.
Blade stirrer, rotating between 400 min1 and
700 min1. The test is considered to be positive if, in the wet
500 ml beaker (glass or plastics) of diameter zone, a light blue halo appears around the central
about 100 mm. deposit. It is considered to be negative if the halo is
colourless.
14)
See standard NF P 18-101 Aggregates Terminology, definitions, classification, in preparation.
15)
See standard NF P 18-553 Preparation of a sample for test.
16)
NF P 18-597 Determination of the property of sands: sand equivalent with 10 % of fines. (Translators note: particles
below 80 4m).
BSI 03-1999 37
BS EN 196-2:1995
NE.7.2.2 Titration National annex NF (informative)

Using the burette, add 5 cm3 of blue solution to the Determination of total organic carbon
beaker, this addition being followed by the stain test
NF.1 Introduction
on the filter paper.
The following clauses are an extract from the
Proceed in this way until the test becomes positive. German journal Zement-Kalk-Gips reporting the
At this stage, allow the adsorption of the blue to
conclusions of a working party set up by CEN
take place, while carrying out tests every minute
Technical Committee 5117). It describes a reference
without adding anything.
method and two alternative procedures which have
If the light blue halo disappears from the stain been shown to give similar results for the total
before the fifth minute, proceed with new unit organic carbon content in naturally occurring
additions of blue, which are: limestone.
5 cm3 as before, if the volume of the blue solution NF.2 Scope and field of application
already added is more than or equal to 30 cm3, or
The following procedures are suitable for the
2 cm3 if this volume is less than 30 cm3. determination of the total organic carbon content
Follow each addition by tests carried out every (TOC) in naturally occurring limestone which is
minute. Repeat these operations until the test intended to be used for the production of fillerized
remains positive for five consecutive minutes; the cements. Procedure 1 shall be taken as the reference
titration is then considered finished. method. Alternatively the procedures 2 and 3 may
NOTE Clean the apparatus as soon as the tests are finished, be used. All three procedures have been proved by
the blue deposits being easily removed when they are fresh. comparative tests to give similar results for the
The apparatus can easily be cleaned with water. If detergents are determination of TOC content without statistically
used, then a final thorough rinse in water is necessary. apparent deviations of the mean values.
NE.8 Expression of results The three procedures only differ in equipment, cost
The blue value of the fines expressed in grams of and in analysis time. The reference method 1
blue for 100 g of fines is given by the formula: requires the least expensive apparatus but takes
V the longest time. The alternative method 2 is
VB = ----
f moderate in equipment expense and needs less
operation time. The alternative method 3 requires a
where
comparatively expensive, automatic apparatus
V is the final volume of solution added (in cm3). which can be used advantageously for analysing
NE.9 Conformity control in relation to a given many samples within a short time, once the
specification decarbonation stage has been completed.
The specification is expressed as blue value NF.3 General requirements
for 100 g of fines; let this value be s. In general all procedures consist of the following
The volume of the blue solution to be added at one stages:
time is therefore: decarbonation of the original limestone sample;
V = f s purification of the carrier gas;
The stain test is carried out after stirring for 8 min. oxidation of the organic carbon matter;
If it is positive, the sand conforms to the drying of the CO2 produced by oxidation;
specification; if it is negative, then add a volume of
blue solution equal to: measurement of the CO2 content.
f s- The different steps may be performed by various

---------- techniques provided they give the same result.
10
If the test is still negative after 5 min, carry out the The number of determinations shall be at least two.
titration in accordance with NE.7.2; if the test is The result shall be expressed as the mean of the
positive, the sand conforms to the specification. single determinations. Depending on the size of the
raw material a sample of at least 1 kg up to 10 kg
shall be taken, crushed, reduced and ground to form
a representative laboratory sample for analysis. The
laboratory sample should pass the 90 4m ISO sieve.
17)
The article first appeared in ZKG International issue 8/1990.
38 BSI 03-1999
BS EN 196-2:1995
NF.4 Wet oxidation method (reference Oxidizing mixture. To 85 ml sulfuric acid in

method) a 250 ml beaker add, in order, 15 ml phosphoric
NF.4.1 Principle acid, 20 g phosphorus pentoxide, 15 g potassium
dichromate, and 1 g potassium iodate. Heat the
The carbon dioxide in the limestone is first removed
mixture carefully to about 170 C and keep
by the use of phosphoric acid. The remaining
for 5 min at this temperature with occasional
organic carbon is then oxidized to carbon dioxide
stirring with a thermometer. After cooling, store
with a strong oxidizing reagent mixture. The
the mixture in a stoppered bottle.
liberated carbon dioxide is absorbed on an inorganic
carrier impregnated with sodium hydroxide in a Chromic acid. Dissolve 5 g of chromium trioxide
U-tube. The increase in weight is directly in 10 ml of water. Add sulfuric acid with stirring,
proportional to the carbon content in the sample. until the chromium trioxide, which initially
precipitates, is just redissolved.
NF.4.2 Apparatus
Silver gauze, Ag. Wash the silver gauze with
The apparatus for TOC determination is illustrated
ammonium hydroxide, nitric acid 1 + 9 and
in Figure NF.1. A small vacuum pump or an
hydrogen peroxide. Rinse the gauze with water
aspirator is used to generate reduced pressure in
between each washing.
the apparatus.
Magnesium perchlorate. Mg(ClO4)2 with a
The U-tube (8) is filled to approximately two thirds
of its volume with the absorbent for carbon dioxide particle size between 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm.
and with magnesium perchlorate. The U-tube is Absorbent for carbon dioxode. NaOH on an inert
then inserted into the apparatus as shown in Figure inorganic carrier.
NF.1 drawing through it about 4 l of carrier gas. At Carrier gas. Air (carbon dioxide free),
this time the apparatus should be checked for leaks alternatively the use of oxygen, nitrogen or argon
by turning off the drying tower tap whilst keeping is possible.
the small vacuum pump or the aspirator trap fully
open. If leaks are absent, the gas flow through the
bubble counter (9) stops completely. After this,
check that the taps of the U-tube (8) are turned off,
transfer it to a desiccator for 10 min, wipe it with a
clean cloth and weigh to the nearest 0.0001 g.
Reassemble the apparatus as shown in Figure NF.1.
NF.4.3 Reagents
Use only reagents of analytical quality and distilled
water or water of equal purity for analysis. The
densities of concentrated liquid reagents are
expressed in g/cm3. The degree of dilution is
expressed as a volumetric sum (i.e. nitric acid 1 + 9
means that 1 volume of concentrated nitric acid has
to be mixed with 9 volumes of water).
Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, = 1.71 to 1.75
Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, = 1.84
Nitric acid, HNO3, = 1.40 to 1.42
Nitric acid, dilute, 1 + 9
Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, = 1.11
Hydrogen peroxide, dilute, 1 + 9
Phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5
Potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7
Potassium iodate, KIO3
Chromium trioxide, CrO3
Ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH, = 0.91
Lead chromate, PbCrO4
Zinc wool, Zn
BSI 03-1999 39
BS EN 196-2:1995
Figure NF.1 Apparatus for TOC determination by wet oxidation
40 BSI 03-1999
BS EN 196-2:1995
NF.4.4 Procedure NF.5 Furnace oxidation method (alternative

Weigh 1 g of the limestone sample to the method 1)
nearest 0.0001 g. Transfer to the 150 ml round NF.5.1 Principle
bottom flask (4), add 2 ml of water and 30 ml The carbon dioxide in the limestone is driven off by
phosphoric acid. Heat the mixture and boil gently to the use of hydrochloric acid in a PTFE dish. The
expel the carbon dioxide. Cool the mixture and insoluble residue is transferred to a platinum boat.
connect the flask to the apparatus. Substitute for The remaining organic carbon is oxidized in an
the U-tube (8) a glass tube and pass 2 l of carrier gas oxygen atmosphere at 900 C and the liberated
through the apparatus, to clear the system of any carbon dioxide is absorbed on an inorganic carrier
carbon dioxide. Fit the weighed U-tube again to the impregnated with sodium hydroxide in a U-tube.
apparatus and check once more for leaks. Open the The increase in weight is directly proportional to the
taps of the U-tube. Add approximately 30 ml of carbon in the sample (2).
oxidizing mixture to the flask through the inlet
NF.5.2 Apparatus
tube (3) by lifting the glass rod stopper. At this stage
the flow rate of the carrier gas should be producing The apparatus for the determination of carbon is
about 2 bubbles per second (9). Heat the sample shown in Figure NF.2.
mixture in the round bottom flask gently to boiling The PTFE dish has a diameter of
and keep at boiling for 4 min. Then remove the approximately 8 cm and a height of
heater and whilst cooling pass approximately 3 l of approximately 3 cm. The dimensions of the
carrier gas through the system. Close the taps of the platinum boat are 5.0 cm 0.8 cm 0.8 cm.
U-tube. Transfer it to a desiccator, cool for 30 min,
wipe with a clean cloth and weigh to the
nearest 0.0001 g.
NF.4.5 Calculation
Calculate the carbon content as a percentage by
mass using the formula:
(1)
where
mu1 is the mass of the U-tube before absorption
of carbon dioxide (in g);
mu2 is the mass of the U-tube after absorption
of carbon dioxide (in g);
m is the mass of the sample (in g).
Express the result to two decimal places.
BSI 03-1999 41
BS EN 196-2:1995
Figure NF.2 Apparatus for TOC determination by furnace oxidation
42 BSI 03-1999
BS EN 196-2:1995
NF.5.3 Reagents Move the short furnace (4) into position, and heat
Use only reagents of analytical quality and distilled to (900 25) C maintaining this temperature
water or water of equal purity during the analysis. for 15 min. Then switch it off, but pass oxygen
The density of concentrated liquid reagents is through the tube for another 20 min. After that
expressed in g/cm3. close the taps of the U-tube (8). Remove the U-tube,
cool in a desiccator, and weigh it to the
Oxidation catalyst. Ignited silver permanganate
nearest 0.0001 g.
with a composition of approximately AgMnO2.
NF.5.5 Calculation
Silver gauze, Ag
Calculate the carbon content using the formula (1)
Lead chromate, PbCrO4 (see NF.4.5). Express the result to two decimal
Platinum on quartz wool18) as carrier places.
Oxygen, O2 NF.6 Automatic determination method
Hydrochloric acid, HCl, = 1.19 (alternative method 2)
Magnesium perchlorate. Mg(ClO4)2 with a NF.6.1 Principle
particle size of 0.6 mm to 1.2 mm. The carbon dioxide in the limestone is driven off by
the use of hydrochloric acid. The carbon content of
Absorbent for carbon dioxide. NaOH on an inert
the residue is oxidized with oxygen in a high
inorganic carrier.
frequency furnace in the presence of an accelerator
NF.5.4 Procedure at approximately 1 500 C. The resulting gas
NF.5.4.1 Filling the quartz tube mixture which consists of oxygen, carbon dioxide,
Close the left-hand side outlet of the quartz tube in carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and water is
Figure NF.2 with a 1 cm quartz wool plug. While treated with manganese dioxide to absorb sulfur
holding the quartz tube in a vertical position, fill it dioxide. The carbon monoxide is oxidized by copper
with 6 cm of the oxidation catalyst (Ox), 6 cm silver oxide to give carbon dioxide. The water is absorbed
gauze (Ag), and 6.5 cm lead chromate (Bc). Compact by magnesium perchlorate. The carbon dioxide is
the catalyst and the lead chromate by slight first absorbed on a molecular sieve, then liberated
vibration while filling the tube. Compact the silver again, and quantitatively determined by a thermal
gauze with a glass rod. conductivity meter (10).
Fix the three layers in place with a plug of platinum NF.6.2 Apparatus
on quartz wool18). Position the tube in the long The apparatus for the automatic determination of
furnace (6) as shown in Figure NF.2. Heat the long carbon is illustrated in a flow sheet in Figure NF.3.
furnace to (500 20) C, while passing oxygen After thirty determinations the dust filter (4) and
through the tube. The flow rate of the oxygen should the water traps (7) and (9) have to be changed. At
be at least 7 ml/min. After 30 min the equipment is the same time the combustion tube in the furnace
ready for the carbon determination. The catalyst (3) has to be cleaned. The SO2 absorbent (5) has to
filling in the tube is sufficient for about 15 carbon be changed every 500 analyses. The CO2 and water
determinations, after which it has to be renewed. traps (1) and (2) have to be changed once a month
NF.5.4.2 Analysis and the catalyst (6) once a year.
Weigh (0.4 0.1) g of the limestone sample to the
nearest 0.0001 g in a PTFE dish. Moisten the
weighed test sample with 1 or 2 drops of water and
then add slowly 10 ml of hydrochloric acid. At the
end of the first intensive reaction heat the dish on a
hot plate with a furnace temperature
of (140 10) C. Heat the sample to complete
dryness. Break up the residue and remove it from
the wall of the bowl with a PTFE rod, while still on
the hot plate. Transfer the dried residue completely
into a platinum boat, which is immediately
introduced into the right-hand side inlet of the
quartz tube (3), whilst oxygen is still passing
through the tube at a flow rate of at least 7 ml/min.
Close the inlet with a rubber stopper.
18)
The original document (see NF.1) refers to asbestos. However, asbestos is no longer to be used in the UK.
BSI 03-1999 43
BS EN 196-2:1995
Figure NF.3 Principle flow sheet of automatic TOC determination methoda

a
For information on the availability of automatic equipment, write to Customer Services, Information Services Group, BSI, 389
Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL.
44 BSI 03-1999
BS EN 196-2:1995
NF.6.3 Reagents NF.6.4.2 Determination

Use only reagents of analytical quality and distilled Weigh in a 100 ml beaker 0.4 g of the limestone
water or water of equal purity for analysis. The sample to the nearest 0.0001 g. Wet the sample
densities of concentrated liquid reagents are with 2 drops of water. Add gently 10 ml of
expressed in g/cm3. The degree of dilution is hydrochloric acid (1 + 5). Swirl the sample and leave
expressed as a volumetric sum. it to stand for approximately 16 h (overnight)
Hydrochloric acid, HCl, = 1.19 covered with a watch glass. Heat the mixture
to (75 5) C until the dolomitic parts of the sample
Hydrochloric acid, dilute, 1 + 5
are dissolved completely and CO2 is no longer
Sodium hydroxide, NaOH evolved.
Sodium hydroxide solution. Neutralize the excess of hydrochloric acid with
Dissolve 40 g sodium hydroxide in 1 000 ml sodium hydroxide solution19). After neutralization
water leave the beaker to stand until the residue has
Absorbent for carbon dioxide. NaOH on an inert settled. Decant the supernatant liquid without loss
anhydrous inorganic carrier of the residue. Filter the remaining liquid and the
residue by suction through the special crucible used
Absorbent for water. Mg(ClO4)2 with a particle
with the high frequency furnace. After washing the
size of 0.6 mm to 1.2 mm residue with water dry the crucible and the residue
Absorbent for sulfur dioxide. MnO2 with a in an oven at (105 5) C. Add iron and copper
particle size of 0.6 mm to 1.2 mm accelerators to the crucible, place it in the holder of
Catalyst. CuO with a particle size of 0.6 mm the high frequency furnace and start the apparatus.
to 1.2 mm The apparatus stops automatically and the meter
gives a reading which corresponds to the percentage
Iron accelerator. Fe, free of carbon of carbon present in the sample.
Copper accelerator. Cu, free of carbon NF.6.5 Calculation
Calibration reagent. Metal, for example iron, Report the TOC content as a percentage by mass.
with known carbon content Express the result to two decimal places.
NF.6.4 Procedure NF.7 Precision of test results
NF.6.4.1 Calibration The standard deviation of repeatability (with one
First, several blank determinations are performed exception) was found to be less than 0.07 % by mass
to obtain a low and stable reading of the thermal and was independent of the method used and the
conductivity cell. The apparatus will keep this amount of carbon present. Similar results were
reading as the blank. Next, several different obtained in different laboratories during
weights of the calibration reagent are analyzed and comparison tests for the standard deviation of
the readings are stored in the calculator of the reproducibility.
apparatus to give a straight calibration line. This
calibration line is used to calculate the result.
19)
This step gives the possibility of calculating the mineral carbon content.
BSI 03-1999 45
46 blank
BS EN 196-2:1995
National annex NG (informative)

Committees responsible
The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the
Technical Committee B/516 Cement and lime, to Subcommittee B/516/4, upon which the following bodies
were represented:
British Cement Association

British Civil Engineering Test Equipment Manufacturers Association
British Ready Mixed Concrete Association
Cementitious Slag Makers Association
Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
Electricity Association
Quality Ash Association
Society of Chemical Industry
National annex NH (informative)

Cross-references
Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard
EN 196-7:1989 BS EN 196-7:1992 Methods of testing cement

Part 7 Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement
ISO 3534:1977 BS 5532 Statistical terminology
Part 1:1978 Glossary of terms relating to probability and general terms relating
to statistics
BSI 03-1999
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BSI British Standards Institution
|
|
|
|
|
|
| BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It
|
| presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is
| incorporated by Royal Charter.
|
|
| Revisions
|
|
| British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards
|
| should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.
|
|
| It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We
|
| would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this
| British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible,
|
| the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel: 020 8996 9000.
|
| Fax: 020 8996 7400.
|
|
| BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that
|
| subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards.
|
|
| Buying standards
|
| Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be
|
| addressed to Customer Services. Tel: 020 8996 9001. Fax: 020 8996 7001.
|
|
| In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI
|
| implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless
|
| otherwise requested.
|
|
| Information on standards
|
| BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international
|
| standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service. Various
|
| BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its
|
| products and services. Contact the Information Centre. Tel: 020 8996 7111.
|
| Fax: 020 8996 7048.
|
|
| Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and
| receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details of
|
| these and other benefits contact Membership Administration. Tel: 020 8996 7002.
|
| Fax: 020 8996 7001.
|
|
| Copyright
|
|
| Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of
|
| the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except as permitted
| under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced,
|
| stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic,
|
| photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission from BSI.
|
|
| This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of
|
| necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these
|
| details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior
| written permission of BSI must be obtained.
|
|
| If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing
|
| agreement. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager.
|
| Tel: 020 8996 7070.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BSI |
|
389 Chiswick High Road |
|
London |
|
W4 4AL |
|
|
|
|
|
|

BS EN 196 Part 2-1995 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BS EN 196 Part 2-1995 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

BS EN 196 Part 2-1995 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

The European Standard EN 196-2:1994 has the status of a

The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision

Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut

This British Standard, having

The following BSI references

ISBN 0 580 21489 3

ICS 91.100.10 Supersedes EN 196-2:1987

Methods of testing cement

Mthodes dessai des ciments Prverfahren fr Zement

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-12-12. CEN members

1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members

13.16 Comments on the visual observation of

1 Scope The standard deviations of repeatability and

4.50 Standard manganese ion solution Table 1 Concentrations of manganese

Table 2 Composition of the compensation solutions for a volume of 500 ml

a) Photometric determination of the end-point If V4 is the volume used, the volume V5 of

V6 is the volume of EGTA solution used to 4.58 Calcein indicator

7 Determination of loss on ignition

where 8.2 Procedure

SO42 + Ba2+ = BaSO4

9 Determination of residue insoluble 9.4 Repeatability and reproducibility

where: 11.3 Expression of results

11 Determination of sulfide where

Cover the beaker with a watch glass and heat until

Figure 2 Schematic diagram for analysis of the main constituents

13.4 Precipitation and determination of 13.5 Decomposition with hydrochloric acid

13.8.2 Expression of results This titrated solution is retained for the

13.9 Total silica (22)

13.9.1 Expression of results

13.11.2 Expression of results 13.12.2 Expression of results

13.15.4 Repeatability and reproducibility

National annex NA (informative) NB.2.1.3 Standard titanium stock solution. Boil

t is the volume of hydrochloric acid used NC.4 Method

Analyse each mixture on the chromatograph as A monitoring scheme is incorporated to compensate

a Influence coefficient of potassium on Table ND.1 Ignition conditions for pure

Silicon dixoide (SiO2) 1 200 1

Figure ND.1 Fusion mould

ND.8 Measurement e) In order to maintain the ongoing accuracy of

ND.9 Compensation for instrumental drift ND.10 Calibration

SiO2 0.2400 0.1950 0.2040 0.2230 0.1800 0.1870 0.2140

Table ND.6 Composition of calibration standards

The value of !, which will be specific for a particular

SiO2 0.3500 35 0.2500 25

n is the number of standards (7 duplicate ND.12 Precision

k = k1 or k2 and b = IM/m1 or 1/m2 as appropriate, then the % % % %

XP1 RHPCa 21.0 4.9 2.8 64.2 1.60 3.7 1.04

ND.12.5 The data obtained in the precision ND.15 Informative references

NE.1 Object NE.5.2 Apparatus for general use

NE.7.2.2 Titration National annex NF (informative)

f s- The different steps may be performed by various

NF.4 Wet oxidation method (reference Oxidizing mixture. To 85 ml sulfuric acid in

Figure NF.1 Apparatus for TOC determination by wet oxidation

NF.4.4 Procedure NF.5 Furnace oxidation method (alternative

Figure NF.2 Apparatus for TOC determination by furnace oxidation

Figure NF.3 Principle flow sheet of automatic TOC determination methoda

NF.6.3 Reagents NF.6.4.2 Determination

National annex NG (informative)

British Cement Association