FANR REG 24 English Original

___________________________________________________________________
Regulation
___________________________________________________________________
Basic Safety Standards for Facilities and

Activities involving Ionizing Radiation other
than in Nuclear Facilities
(FANR-REG-24)
Version 0
___________________________________________________________________
Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation (FANR)

P.O. Box 112021, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
regulation@fanr.gov.ae
___________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
Definitions ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Article (1) ............................................................................................................................................................ 4
Objective and Scope ........................................................................................................................................ 8
Article (2) ............................................................................................................................................................ 8

Article (3) ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
Article (4) ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
Exemption from Regulatory Control ................................................................................................................ 9
Article (5) ............................................................................................................................................................ 9

Article (6) .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
Generic Requirements - Justification ............................................................................................................. 10
Article (7) .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
Optimisation and Dose Limits ........................................................................................................................ 11
Article (8) .......................................................................................................................................................... 11

Article (9) .......................................................................................................................................................... 11
Article (10) ........................................................................................................................................................ 11
Article (11) ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
Management Requirements .......................................................................................................................... 12
Article (12) ........................................................................................................................................................ 12

Article (13) ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
Article (14) ........................................................................................................................................................ 14
Prevention of Accidents ................................................................................................................................. 15
Article (15) ........................................................................................................................................................ 15
Emergency Plan ............................................................................................................................................. 16
Article (16) ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
Operating Experience .................................................................................................................................... 17
Article (17) ........................................................................................................................................................ 17
Safety of Generators and Radioactive Sources ............................................................................................... 17
Article (18) ........................................................................................................................................................ 17
Reporting Requirements ................................................................................................................................ 19
FANR-REG-24 Page 1 of 53
Article (19) ........................................................................................................................................................ 19
Occupational Exposure - Responsibility of the Licensee for Optimisation of Protection and Safety ............... 20
Article (20) ........................................................................................................................................................ 20
Controlled and Supervised Areas ................................................................................................................... 21
Article (21) ........................................................................................................................................................ 21
Local Rules and Personal Protective Equipment ............................................................................................ 23
Article (22) ........................................................................................................................................................ 23
Workplace Monitoring ................................................................................................................................... 24
Article (23) ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
Personnel Monitoring .................................................................................................................................... 24
Article (24) ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
Monitoring of Compliance ............................................................................................................................. 25
Article (25) ........................................................................................................................................................ 25

Article (26) ........................................................................................................................................................ 25
Information, Training and Special Requirements ........................................................................................... 26
Article (27) ........................................................................................................................................................ 26

Article (28) ........................................................................................................................................................ 27
Public Exposure - Responsibility of the Licensee for Optimisation of Protection and Safety .......................... 27
Article (29) ........................................................................................................................................................ 27
Radioactive Waste ......................................................................................................................................... 29
Article (30) ........................................................................................................................................................ 29
Monitoring of Public Exposure ....................................................................................................................... 30
Article (31) ........................................................................................................................................................ 30
Medical Exposure - Responsibility of the Licensee for Optimisation of Protection and Safety ....................... 31
Article (32) ........................................................................................................................................................ 31
Justification of Medical Exposure .................................................................................................................. 32
Article (33) ........................................................................................................................................................ 32
Optimisation of Medical Exposures ............................................................................................................... 33
Article (34) ........................................................................................................................................................ 33
Calibration and Clinical Dosimetry ................................................................................................................. 34
Article (35) ........................................................................................................................................................ 34

Article (36) ........................................................................................................................................................ 34
Article (37) ........................................................................................................................................................ 35
Quality Assurance .......................................................................................................................................... 35
Article (38) ........................................................................................................................................................ 35
Protection of Women .................................................................................................................................... 36
Article (39) ........................................................................................................................................................ 36
Release of Patients following Radionuclide Therapy ...................................................................................... 36
Article (40) ........................................................................................................................................................ 36
Unintended or Accidental Medical Exposures ................................................................................................ 37
Article (41) ........................................................................................................................................................ 37
Radiological Reviews ..................................................................................................................................... 38
Article (42) ........................................................................................................................................................ 38
Schedule 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 40
Table I-1 Levels for Exemption of Moderate Amounts of Material without further
Consideration: Exempt Activity Concentrations and Exempt Activities of Radionuclides ..... 40
Table I-2 Levels for Clearance and for Exemption of Bulk Amounts of Material without
further Consideration : Activity Concentrations of Radionuclides of Artificial Origin .............. 51
Definitions
Article (1)
For purposes of this regulation, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below.
Other capitalised terms used but not defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to them
in Article 1 of the Federal Law by Decree No. 6 of 2009 Concerning the Peaceful Uses of
Nuclear Energy (the Law):.
Absorbed Dose The fundamental dosimetric quantity D, defined as
_
dE
D
dm
_
Where d E is the mean energy imparted by ionizing radiation to
matter in a volume element and dm is the mass of matter in the
volume element.
Activity Concentration The radioactivity per unit mass of a material in which the
radionuclides are essentially uniformly distributed.
Diagnostic Reference A level used in medical imaging to indicate whether, in routine

Level conditions, the Dose to the patient or the quantity of
Radioactive Material administered in a specified radiological
procedure is unusually high or low for that procedure.
Diagnostic Reference Levels are established following

consultation with health competent authorities and relevant
professional bodies and are based upon surveys or published
values appropriate to the circumstances in the State.
Dose Constraint A prospective and source-related restriction on the individual

Dose from a Radiation Source, which provides a basic level of
protection for the most highly exposed individuals from a
Radiation Source, and serves as an upper bound on the Dose
in Optimisation of protection for that Radiation Source. For
Occupational Exposures, the Dose Constraint is a value of
individual Dose used to limit the range of options considered in
the process of Optimisation. For Public Exposure, the Dose
Constraint is an upper bound on the annual Doses that
members of the public should receive from the planned
Operation of any controlled Radiation Source.
Effective Dose The quantity E defined as a summation of the tissue

Equivalent Doses, which is each multiplied by the appropriate
tissue weighting factor where H T is the Equivalent Dose in
tissue T and wT is the tissue weighting factor for tissue T .
E wT .H T
T
From the definition of Equivalent Dose, it follows that where wR

is the radiation weighting factor for radiation R and DT , R is the
average absorbed Dose in the organ or tissue.
E wT wR .DT , R
T R
Equivalent Dose The quantity H T , R , defined as where DT , R is the Absorbed

Dose delivered by radiation type R averaged over a tissue or
organ T and wR is the radiation weighting factor for radiation
type R:
H T , R wR .DT , R
When the radiation field is composed of different radiation

types with different values of wR the Equivalent Dose is:
H T wR .DT , R
R
Justification The process of determining whether the conduct or a set of

related conducts of a Regulated Activity using Regulated
Material is, overall, beneficial; that is, whether the benefits to
individuals and to the society from introducing or continuing the
conduct or conducts outweigh the resulting harm (including
radiation detriment).
Medical Exposure Exposure incurred by patients for the purpose of medical or

dental diagnosis or treatment; by carers and comforters; and by
volunteers in a programme of biomedical research involving
their exposure
Medical Physicist A health professional (an individual licensed by the competent

authorities of the State to practise a profession related to
health), with education and specialist training in the concepts
and techniques of applying physics in medicine, competent to
practise independently in one or more of the subfields
(specialities) of medical physics.
Medical Radiation A health professional (an individual licensed by the competent

Technologist health), with specialist education and training in medical
radiation technology, competent to carry out radiological
procedures, on delegation from the Radiological Medical
Practitioner, in one or more of the specialities of medical
radiation technology.
Optimisation The process of determining what level of Protection and Safety

makes exposures, and the probability and magnitude of
potential exposures, as low as reasonably achievable,
economic and social factors being taken into account
(ALARA), as required by the International Commission on
Radiological Protection System of Radiological Protection.
Planned Exposure A situation of exposure to Ionizing Radiation that arises from

Situation the planned Operation of a Radiation Source or from a planned
Activity that results in an exposure from a Radiation Source.
Protection and Safety The protection of people against exposure to Ionizing Radiation
or Radioactive Material and the Safety of Radiation Sources,
including the means for achieving this, and the means for
preventing Accidents and for mitigating the consequences of
Accidents should they occur.
Qualified Expert An individual who, by virtue of certification by appropriate

boards or societies, professional licences or academic
qualifications and experience, is duly recognised as having
expertise in a relevant field of specialisation
Radiation Generator A device capable of generating ionizing radiation, such as X-

rays, neutrons, electrons or other charged particles, that may
be used for scientific, industrial or medical purposes.
Radiation Protection A person technically competent in Radiation Protection matters

Officer relevant for a given type of Regulated Activity with Regulated
Material who is designated by the Licensee to oversee the
application of relevant requirements established in this
regulation.
Radiological Medical A health professional (an individual licensed by the competent
Practitioner authorities of the State to practise a profession related to
health), with education and specialist training in the medical
uses of radiation, who is competent to independently perform
or oversee procedures involving Medical Exposure in a given
category.
Radiopharmacist A health professional (an individual licensed by the competent

health), with education and specialist training in radiopharmacy,
who is competent to prepare and dispense
radiopharmaceuticals used for the purposes of medical
diagnosis and therapy.
Referring Medical A health professional (an individual licensed by the competent

Practitioner authorities of the State to practise a profession related to
health) who, in accordance with the requirements of the State,
may refer individuals to a Radiological Medical Practitioner for
Medical Exposure.
Representative Person An individual receiving a Dose that is representative of the

more highly exposed individuals in the population.
Safety Culture The assembly of characteristics and attitudes in organizations

and individuals which establishes that, as an overriding priority,
Protection and Safety issues receive the attention warranted by
their significance.
Supplier Any legal Person to whom a Licensee delegates duties, totally

or partially, in relation to the Design, manufacture, production
or Construction of a Radiation Source. An importer of a
Radiation Source is considered a Supplier of a Radiation
Source.
Worker Any person who works full-time, part-time or on a temporary

basis for a Licensee and who has recognised rights and duties
in relation to occupational Radiation Protection.
Objective and Scope
Article (2)
1. This regulation defines requirements which all Licensees must comply with and follow
with regard to the conduct, other than in a Nuclear Facility, of any of the following
Regulated Activities:
a. possession, use, manufacture or handling of any Regulated Material or part of any

Regulated Material in the State;
b. Storage of any Regulated Material within the State; and
c. Disposal of any Regulated Material within the State.
2. Requirements for the Regulated Activity of import or export of Regulated Material into or
from the State are defined by FANR-REG-09. Requirements for the Regulated Activity of
Transportation of Regulated Material in the State are defined by FANR-REG-13.
3. For the purposes of this regulation, the definition of Regulated Material in Article (1) of
the Law is interpreted as follows:
a. the Radioactive Material designated by the Authority as being subject to Regulatory

Control because of its radioactivity and hence subject to the requirements of this
regulation is:
Radioactive Material in a moderate amount (no more than one tonne) for which
either the total radioactivity of an individual radionuclide present on the premises
at any one time or the Activity Concentration exceeds the applicable levels given
in Table I -1 of Schedule 1;
Radioactive Material in a bulk amount for which the Activity Concentration of a

given radionuclide of artificial origin exceeds the relevant value given in Table 1-2
of Schedule 1, and/or the Activity Concentration of each radionuclide in the
uranium and thorium decay series exceeds 1 Bq/g or the Activity Concentration of
K40 exceeds 10 Bq/g;
where there are mixtures of radionuclides, using the levels given in Tables I-1
and I-2, the condition for being subject to Regulatory Control is that the sum of
the individual radionuclide activities or Activity Concentrations, as appropriate, is
greater than the derived level for the mixture ( Xm), determined as follows:
1
Xm n
f (i )

i 1 X (i )
where f(i) is the fraction of Activity or Activity Concentration, as appropriate, of

radionuclide i in the mixture, X(i) is the applicable level for radionuclide i as given
in Table I-1 or Table I-2, and n is the number of radionuclides present;
b. the sources of Ionizing Radiation designated by the Authority as requiring its direct
oversight and hence subject to the requirements of this regulation are those devices
that generate Ionizing Radiation intended for application for medical, industrial,
veterinary, legal, teaching, research, security, or agricultural purposes, including
linear accelerators, cyclotrons, and fixed and mobile radiography equipment.
Article (3)
1. The requirements in this regulation apply to Planned Exposure Situations in:
a. Facilities that contain Radiation Sources, medical radiation Facilities, veterinary

radiation Facilities, Radioactive Waste Management Facilities, installations
processing Radioactive Material, irradiation Facilities, and mineral extraction and
mineral processing Facilities that involve or could involve exposure to radiation or
exposure due to Radioactive Material; and
b. individual Radiation Sources, including Radiation Sources within Facilities referred to

in (a).
2. The requirements in this regulation apply to Occupational Exposure, Public Exposure or

Medical Exposure due to any of the Regulated Activities specified in article (2)(1) above.
3. The application of the requirements of this regulation shall be commensurate with the
characteristics of the Regulated Activity and with the magnitude and likelihood of the
exposures.
Article (4)
1. It is prohibited for any Person to conduct the Regulated Activities referred to in Article
(2)(1) unless licensed to do so by the Authority.
2. Any Person seeking to undertake the Regulated Activities referred to in Article (2)(1)
shall apply to the Authority for a Licence and submit detailed evidence of Safety as in
accordance with the guidance published by the Authority.
3. The Licensee shall notify the Authority of its intentions to introduce modifications to the
conduct of the Regulated Activity using Regulated Material for which they are licensed,
whenever the modifications could have significant implications for Protection and Safety,
and are not to carry out any such modification unless specifically authorized by the
Authority.
Exemption from Regulatory Control
Article (5)
A Person may seek an Exemption by the Authority from the Regulatory Control of Regulated
Material as defined in Article (2)(3), including the need to obtain a licence, on the basis of the
following criteria:
1. that in all reasonably foreseeable situations, the Effective Dose expected to be incurred
by any member of the public due to the exempted Planned Exposure Situation is of the
order of 10 microSieverts or less in a year and that for low probability scenarios the
Effective Dose does not exceed 1 milliSievert in a year; or
2. Regulatory Control of the Planned Exposure Situation would provide no net benefit, in
that no reasonable control measures would achieve a worthwhile return in reduction of
individual Doses or risks.
Article (6)
Exemptions may be granted subject to conditions specified by the Authority such as

conditions relating to the physical or chemical form and to the use or Disposal of Radioactive
Material. In particular, such an Exemption may be granted for an apparatus containing
Radioactive Material not otherwise exempted under Article (5) provided that:
1. the equipment is of a type approved by the Authority;
2. the Radioactive Material:
a. is in the form of a sealed Radioactive Source that effectively prevents any contact
with the Radioactive Material and prevents its leakage, or
b. is an unsealed Radioactive Source of a small amount such as Radioactive Sources

used for radioimmunoassay;
3. in normal operating conditions it does not cause an ambient Dose equivalent rate or a
directional Dose equivalent rate, as appropriate, exceeding 1 microSievert/hour at a
distance of 0.1 m from any accessible surface of the apparatus; and
4. necessary conditions for Disposal specified by the Authority are applied.
Generic Requirements - Justification
Article (7)
1. A Person seeking to undertake the Regulated Activities referred to in Article (2)(1) must
establish that the practice is Justified.
2. With respect to the use of Ionizing Radiation in the imaging of humans for other than
medical diagnosis or treatment, the Justification process shall consider:
a. appropriateness of the radiation equipment for the proposed use;
b. the use of alternative techniques that do not utilize Ionizing Radiation;
c. the benefits and detriments of implementing the procedure;
d. the benefits and detriments of not implementing the procedure;
e. evaluation of various radiation technologies available, including the effectiveness

and limitations of the procedures;
f. availability of sufficient resources to safely conduct the imaging procedure during
the intended period of use;
g. the impact of any legal or ethical issues which may be raised by the use of the
technology.
3. Except for justified practices involving Medical Exposures, the following practices that
result in an increase, by deliberate addition of Radioactive Material or by activation, in
the radioactivity of the associated commodities or products, are deemed to be not
justified:
a. practices involving food, feed, beverages, cosmetics or any other commodity or

product intended for ingestion, inhalation or percutaneous intake by, or application to,
a human being; and
b. practices involving the frivolous use of radiation or radioactive substances in

commodities or products such as toys and personal jewellery or adornments.
Optimisation and Dose Limits
Article (8)
1. The Licensee shall ensure an optimised level of Protection and Safety for Workers so
that the number of people exposed and the magnitude of the individual radiation Doses
are as low as reasonably achievable (bearing in mind economic and social factors).
2. The Licensee shall determine a Dose Constraint for exposure of Workers taking into
account international good practice in similar Facilities and Activities and shall Optimise
protection below that nominated Dose Constraint. Where relevant, the Dose Constraint
shall serve as a design target.
Article (9)
1. The Licensee shall ensure an optimised level of Protection and Safety for members of
the public so that the number of people exposed and the magnitude of the individual
radiation Doses are as low as reasonably achievable (bearing in mind economic and
social factors).
2. The Licensee shall determine a Dose Constraint for exposure of members of the public
taking into account international good practice in similar Facilities and Activities, and
shall Optimise protection below that nominated Dose Constraint. Where relevant, the
Dose Constraint shall serve as a design target.
3. The public Dose Constraint determined in Article 9(2) shall be subject to the agreement
of the Authority.
Article (10)
1. The Licensee shall ensure that the normal exposure of Workers does not exceed the
Dose limits established in Articles 10(2) and 10(3) below.
2. The limit for the Effective Dose to a Worker who is occupationally exposed is an average
of 20 millisieverts (mSv) per year averaged over a period of five years (100 mSv in 5
years), and 50 mSv in any one year.
3. The annual Equivalent Dose in the lens of the eye of a Worker shall not exceed 150
mSv, nor shall the annual Equivalent Dose exceed 500 mSv at any point on the hands,
feet or skin [Note: The equivalent dose limits to the skin apply to the average dose over 1
cm2 of the most highly irradiated area of the skin].
4. When a female Worker is occupationally exposed during normal Operation and has
announced her pregnancy, the Licensee shall arrange her work so that the Equivalent
Dose to the foetus is as low as reasonably achievable and shall not exceed 1 mSv for
the remainder of the pregnancy.
Article (11)
1. The Licensee shall ensure that the normal exposure of the public does not exceed the
Dose limits established in Article 11(2) below.
2. The limit for the annual Effective Dose to a member of the public (this includes people
working in the Facility other than those categorised as Workers) is 1 mSv. The annual
Equivalent Dose in the lens of the eye shall not exceed 15 mSv, nor shall the annual
Equivalent Dose at any point on the skin exceed 50 mSv.
Management Requirements
Article (12)
1. The Licensee has the prime responsibility for Protection and Safety, and shall establish
and implement a Protection and Safety program appropriate for the conduct of the
Regulated Activity. The Protection and Safety programme shall:
a. adopt Protection and Safety objectives in conformity with the requirements of this
regulation;
b. apply Protection and Safety measures commensurate with the nature and extent of
the radiation risks associated with the Regulated Activity and sufficient to ensure
compliance with the requirements of this regulation and any Licence conditions that
the Authority imposes;
c. identify the role of the Radiation Protection Officer(s); and
d. ensure that any delegation of responsibilities, including to Radiation Protection

Officers, is documented.
2. The Licensee shall ensure that, in the implementation of the Protection and Safety
programme:
a. the measures and resources needed to achieve the Protection and Safety objectives
are determined and duly provided;
b. the Protection and Safety programme is periodically reviewed to assess its
effectiveness and continued fitness for the purpose; and
c. any failures or shortcomings in Protection and Safety are identified and rectified, and
steps taken to prevent their recurrence.
3. The Licensee shall ensure that all personnel engaged in activities relevant to Protection
and Safety are educated, trained and qualified so that they understand their
responsibilities and perform their duties competently with appropriate judgment and
according to defined procedures.
4. The Licensee shall ensure that Qualified Experts are identified and consulted, as
necessary, on the proper observance of this regulation.
5. The Licensee shall establish a Quality Assurance programme as necessary as a part of

its Management System to address Protection and Safety associated with Radiation
Sources and the risk and complexity of the associated Activities.
Article (13)
1. The Licensee shall demonstrate commitment to Protection and Safety at the highest
levels within its organisation. The Licensee shall ensure that Protection and Safety are
effectively integrated into its overall Management System, which shall be designed and
implemented to enhance safety by:
a. applying the requirements for Protection and Safety coherently with other
requirements, including those for operational performance and for security;
b. describing the planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate

confidence that the requirements for Protection and Safety are satisfied;
c. ensuring that Protection and Safety are not compromised by other requirements or
demands; and
d. providing for the regular Assessment of Protection and Safety performance and the
application of lessons learned from experience.
2. The Licensee shall ensure that Protection and Safety aspects of the Management
System are commensurate with the complexity and the radiation risks of the Regulated
Activity, as assessed through a Safety Assessment, and shall demonstrate the effective
fulfilment of the Management System requirements for Protection and Safety.
3. The Licensee shall foster and maintain a strong Safety Culture as a part of its
Management System by:
a. promoting individual and collective commitment to Protection and Safety at all levels
of the organisation;
b. ensuring a common understanding of the key aspects of Safety Culture within the
organisation;
c. providing the means by which the organisation supports individuals and teams in
carrying out their tasks safely and successfully, taking into account the interaction
between individuals, technology and the organisation;
d. encouraging the participation of Workers in the development and implementation of

policies, rules and procedures dealing with Protection and Safety;
e. ensuring accountability of the organisation and of individuals at all levels for

Protection and Safety;
f. encouraging open communication within the organisation and with other relevant
parties, as appropriate;
g. encouraging a questioning and learning attitude and discouraging complacency with

regard to Protection and Safety; and
h. providing the means by which the organisation continually seeks to develop and
improve its Safety Culture.
4. The Licensee shall take into account human factors and support good performance and
good practices to prevent human and organisational failures, by ensuring that:
a. sound ergonomic principles are followed in designing equipment and operating

procedures, so as to facilitate the safe operation or use of equipment, to minimize the
possibility that operating errors will lead to Accidents, and to reduce the possibility of
misinterpreting indications of normal and abnormal conditions;
b. appropriate equipment, safety systems, and procedural requirements are provided

and other necessary provisions are made:
to reduce, to as low as reasonably achievable, economic and societal factors

being taken into account, the possibility that human error or inadvertent action
could give rise to Accidents or other events causing exposures;
to provide means for detecting human errors and for correcting or compensating
for them; and
to facilitate corrective actions in the event of failure of safety systems or of other

protective measures.
Article (14)
1. The Licensee shall establish and implement the necessary technical and organisational
measures that are needed for ensuring Protection and Safety of the Activity for which
they are licensed. The Licensee may appoint other Qualified Experts to carry out actions
and tasks related to these responsibilities, but are to retain the responsibility for the
actions and tasks themselves. The Licensee has to identify the Qualified Experts and
other people appointed to ensure compliance with this regulation.
2. The Licensee shall:
a. establish clear lines of responsibility and accountability for Protection and Safety of
the Radiation Sources for which they are licensed throughout their Operational
lifetime, and establish organisational arrangements for Protection and Safety;
b. assess the likely consequences of potential exposures, their magnitude and

probability of occurrence, and the number of people who may be affected by them;
c. have in place operating procedures and arrangements to maintain Safety that are
subject to periodic review and updating under the Management System;
d. establish procedures for reporting and learning from Accidents and incidents;
e. establish arrangements for the periodic review of the overall effectiveness of the
Protection and Safety measures;
f. ensure that Maintenance, testing, Inspection and servicing is carried out as needed
so that Radiation Sources remain capable of meeting their Design requirements for
Protection and Safety throughout their lifetime; and
g. ensure safe control and management of all Radioactive Waste that is generated, in
accordance with Article 30 of this regulation.
Prevention of Accidents
Article (15)
1. The Licensee shall ensure that a multilayer (defence in depth) system of provisions for
Protection and Safety, commensurate with the magnitude and likelihood of the potential
exposures involved, is applied to Radiation Sources for which they are authorized, such
that a failure at one layer is compensated for or corrected by subsequent independent
layers.
2. The Licensee shall make suitable arrangements to:
a. prevent, as far as reasonably achievable, Accidents that have been postulated in

connection with the Facility or Activity;
b. mitigate the consequences of any Accident that does occur;
c. provide Workers with the information, training, and equipment necessary to restrict
potential exposures;
d. ensure that there are adequate procedures for the control of the Facility and of any
potential Accident that has been postulated;
e. ensure that safety significant systems, including software, components and

equipment can be inspected and tested regularly for any degradation that could lead
to abnormal conditions or inadequate performance;
f. ensure that Maintenance, Inspection and testing appropriate to the preservation of

the Protection and Safety provisions can be carried out without undue Occupational
Exposure;
g. provide, wherever appropriate, automatic systems for safely shutting off or reducing
radiation output from Facilities in the event that operating conditions exceed the
operating ranges;
h. ensure that abnormal operating conditions that could significantly affect Protection
and Safety are detected by systems that respond quickly enough to allow for timely
corrective action to be taken; and
i. ensure that all relevant safety documentation is available in the appropriate

languages.
Emergency Plan
Article (16)
1. The Licensee shall prepare and maintain an Emergency Plan for protection of people,
commensurate with the nature and magnitude of the risk involved. The Emergency Plan
shall be subject to the approval of the Authority.
2. The Licensee shall be responsible for the implementation of the Emergency Plans and
shall be prepared to take any necessary action for effective response.
3. To prevent the occurrence of situations that could lead to a loss of control over a
Radiation Source or the escalation of such situations, the Licensee shall:
a. develop, maintain and implement procedures to provide the means for preventing
loss of control and regaining control over the Radiation Source as necessary;
b. make available equipment, instrumentation and diagnostic aids that may be needed;
and
c. train personnel and periodically retrain them in the procedures to be followed.
Operating Experience
Article (17)
1. The Licensee shall conduct formal investigations of abnormal circumstances arising in

the operation of Facilities or the conduct of Activities, and shall provide the Authority as
soon as possible with information that is significant to Protection and Safety.
2. The Licensee shall ensure that information on both normal Operation and abnormal
circumstances significant to Protection and Safety is provided to the Authority.
3. The Licensee shall conduct formal investigations and produce a written report in the
event that:
a. A quantity or operating parameter related to Protection and Safety exceeds an

investigation level or is outside the stipulated range of operating conditions; or
b. any equipment failure, Accident, error, mishap or other unusual event or

circumstance occurs which has the potential for causing a quantity to exceed any
relevant limit or operating restriction.
a. conduct an investigation as soon as possible after the event and produce a written
report on its cause, with a verification or determination of any Doses received or
committed and recommendations for preventing the recurrence of similar events;
b. communicate to the Authority and to any other relevant competent authorities, a

summary report of any formal investigation of events, including exposures greater
than the Dose limits established in Articles (10) and (11) of this regulation; and
c. report to the Authority (and other competent authorities as necessary) within 24

hours any event where the Dose limits established by Articles (10) and (11) of this
regulation are exceeded.
Safety of Generators and Radioactive Sources
Article (18)
1. The Licensee shall ensure the Safety of radiation generators, Radioactive Sources, and
devices containing a Radioactive Source.
2. Licensees, in co-operation with Suppliers, shall ensure that the following responsibilities
are discharged:
a. to provide a well designed and constructed radiation generator or Radioactive Source

and device in which the radiation generator or Radioactive Source is used that:
provides for Protection and Safety in compliance with this regulation;
meets engineering, performance and functional specifications;
meets quality standards commensurate with the Protection and Safety
significance of components, systems and software; and
provides displays, dials and instructions on operating consoles in a language

understood and acceptable to the user;
b. to ensure that radiation generators and Radioactive Sources are tested to

demonstrate compliance with the appropriate specifications;
c. to make available information, in a language that is easily understood and acceptable

to the user, concerning the proper installation and use of the radiation generator or
Radioactive Source and its associated risks, including performance specifications,
operating and Maintenance instructions, and Protection and Safety instructions.
3. When choosing a location to use or store a radiation generator or Radioactive Source,

the Licensee shall take into account:
a. factors that could affect the Safety and security of the radiation generator or
Radioactive Source;
b. factors that could affect the Occupational Exposure and Public Exposure caused by
the radiation generator or Radioactive Source; and
c. the feasibility in engineering Design of taking into account the foregoing factors.
4. When selecting a site for a Facility that will hold a large amount of Radioactive Material
and has the potential for releases of large amounts of such Radioactive Material, the
Licensee shall take into account any features that might affect Protection and Safety,
features that might affect the integrity or function of the Facility, and the feasibility of
carrying out off-site protective actions when they become necessary.
5. The Licensee shall keep radiation generators and Radioactive Sources secure so as to
prevent loss, theft or damage and to prevent any unauthorized people from carrying out
any of the regulated Activities specified in Article (2)(1).
6. The Licensee shall ensure that:
a. a radiation generator or Radioactive Source is not transferred unless the receiver

possesses the necessary authorization;
b. the Authority is notified after the receipt or transfer of any radiation generator or
Radioactive Source, including the type, form, and quantity of radiation generators or
Radioactive Sources; and
c. the Authority is notified of information regarding any uncontrolled, lost or missing

radiation generator or Radioactive Source in accordance with the requirements in
Article (19).
7. The Licensee shall maintain an inventory that includes records of:
a. the location and description of each radiation generator or Radioactive Source for
which they are responsible; and
b. the Activity and form of each Radioactive Source for which they are responsible.
a. share appropriate information from their radiation generator or Radioactive Source

inventory records with the Authority or other designated body when requested;
b. in cooperation with the manufacturer of a Radioactive Source or a device containing

a Radioactive Source, ensure that, where practicable, the Radioactive Source itself
and its container are marked with the symbol recommended by the International
Organisation for Standardization (ISO);
c. in cooperation with manufacturers, ensure that, where practicable, sealed

Radioactive Sources are identifiable and traceable;
d. ensure that when Radioactive Sources are not in use they are stored in an
appropriate manner such that Protection and Safety is maintained; and
e. ensure that arrangements are made for the safe management and disposition of
Radioactive Sources, including financial provisions where appropriate, once they
have become disused.
Reporting Requirements
Article (19)
1. Immediate report The Licensee shall notify the Authority as soon as possible, but not
later than after 4 hours of:
a. the discovery of a loss of an Category 1, 2 or 3 Radioactive Source as defined in the

IAEA Safety Guide RS-G-1.9 Categorization of Radioactive Sources;
b. an event that requires immediate protective actions necessary to avoid exposures to

Ionizing Radiation or Regulated Materials that could exceed Dose limits; or
c. releases of Regulated Material that could exceed regulatory limits (events may
include theft, road Accidents, fires, explosions).
2. Twenty-four hour report The Licensee shall notify the Authority within 24 hours after the
discovery of any of the following events involving Regulated Material:
a. loss of a Category 4 Radioactive Source as defined in the IAEA Safety Guide RS-G-
1.9 Categorization of Radioactive Sources;
b. an unplanned contamination event that requires access to the contaminated area to

be restricted for more than 24 hours by imposing additional radiological controls or by
prohibiting entry into the area;
c. an event in which equipment is disabled or fails to function as designed when the

equipment is required to prevent releases or exposures exceeding regulatory limits,
or to mitigate the consequences of an Accident, and no redundant equipment is
available and operable to perform the required Safety function;
d. an event that requires unplanned medical treatment at a medical facility of an
individual with spreadable radioactive contamination on the individual's clothing or
body;
e. an Accident, fire or explosion that damages any Regulated Material or any device,
container, or equipment containing Regulated Material when the quantity involved is
equivalent to a Category 4 or greater Radioactive Source and the damage affects the
integrity of the Regulated Material or its container; or
f. an event where a Dose limit is exceeded.
3. One week report The Licensee shall notify the Authority within seven days after the
discovery of any of the following events involving Regulated Material:
a. any Discharges exceeding the authorized limits of Discharge in accordance with

reporting criteria established by the Authority; or
b. any significant increase in Dose rate or content of radionuclides in the

environment that could be attributed to their authorized practice;
4. Thirty day report The Licensee shall submit to the Authority within 30 days any report
required by Article (41) (4) (d) concerning unintended or Accidental Medical Exposures.
5. The requirements of this Article do not alter the Licensees obligations to notify other
relevant competent authorities in relation to an incident.
Occupational Exposure - Responsibility of the Licensee for Optimisation of Protection

and Safety
Article (20)
1. The Licensee is responsible for the protection of Workers against Occupational

Exposure and shall ensure that Protection and Safety is optimised and the Dose limits
for Occupational Exposure are not exceeded.
2. The Licensee shall ensure, for all Workers engaged in Activities that involve or could
involve Occupational Exposure, that:
a. Occupational Exposures are so controlled that the relevant Dose limits for
Occupational Exposure specified in Article 10 are not exceeded;
b. occupational Protection and Safety are Optimised;
c. decisions regarding measures for occupational Protection and Safety are recorded
and made available to the Authority;
d. policies, procedures and organisational arrangements for Protection and Safety are
established for implementing the relevant requirements of this regulation, with priority
given to Design and technical measures for controlling Occupational Exposures;
e. suitable and adequate Facilities, equipment and services for Protection and Safety
are provided, the nature and extent of which are commensurate with the expected
magnitude and likelihood of the Occupational Exposure;
f. necessary Workers health surveillance and health services are provided;
g. appropriate protective devices and monitoring equipment are provided and

arrangements made for their proper use (as required in Articles 23 to 26 of this
regulation;
h. suitable and adequate human resources and appropriate training in Protection and
Safety are provided, as well as periodic retraining and updating as required in order
to ensure the necessary level of competence;
i. adequate records are created and maintained as required by this regulation;
j. arrangements are made to facilitate consultation and cooperation with Workers with
respect to Protection and Safety about all measures necessary to achieve the
effective implementation of this regulation; and
k. necessary conditions to promote a Safety Culture are provided as required by Article

13 of this regulation.
3. The Licensee shall ensure that Workers exposed to radiation from Radiation Sources
within Activities that are not directly related to their work or not required by their work
receive the same level of protection as if they were members of the public.
Controlled and Supervised Areas
Article (21)
1. The Licensee shall designate as a controlled area any area in which specific protective
measures or safety provisions are or could be required for:
a. controlling normal exposures,
b. preventing the spread of contamination during normal working conditions; or
c. preventing or limiting the extent of potential exposures.
2. In determining the boundaries of any controlled area, the Licensee shall take account of
the magnitudes of the expected normal exposures, the likelihood and magnitude of
potential exposures and the nature and extent of the required Protection and Safety
procedures.
a. delineate controlled areas by physical means or, where this is not reasonably
practicable, by some other suitable means;
b. where a Radiation Source is brought into Operation or energized only intermittently
or is moved from place to place, delineate an appropriate controlled area by means
that are appropriate under the prevailing circumstances and specify exposure times;
c. display the symbol for Ionizing Radiation recommended by the International

Organisation for Standardization (ISO) and appropriate instructions at access points
and other appropriate locations within controlled areas;
d. establish occupational Protection and Safety measures including, as appropriate,

physical measures and local rules and procedures for controlled areas to control the
spread of contamination;
e. restrict access to controlled areas by physical barriers, which could include locks or
interlocks, or if necessary, by means of administrative procedures, such as the use of
work permits, the degree of restriction being commensurate with the magnitude and
likelihood of the expected exposures;
f. provide, as appropriate, at entrances to controlled areas:
protective clothing and equipment,
individual and workplace monitoring equipment, and
suitable Storage for personal clothing;
g. provide, as appropriate, at exits from controlled areas:
equipment for monitoring for contamination of skin and clothing,
equipment for monitoring for contamination of any object or substance being

removed from the area,
washing or showering facilities, and
suitable Storage for contaminated protective clothing and equipment;
h. periodically review conditions to determine the possible need to revise the protective
measures or safety provisions or the boundaries of controlled areas.
4. The Licensee shall designate as a supervised area any area not already designated as a
controlled area but where Occupational Exposure conditions need to be kept under
review even though specific protective measures and safety provisions are not normally
needed.
5. The Licensee shall take into account the nature, likelihood and extent of radiation
hazards in the supervised areas and:
a. delineate the supervised areas by appropriate means;
b. display approved signs at appropriate access points to supervised areas; and
c. periodically review the conditions to determine any need for protective measures and
safety provisions or changes to the boundaries of supervised areas.
6. The Licensee shall minimise the need to rely on administrative controls and personal
protective equipment for achieving Protection and Safety by maximizing the provision of
well engineered controls and satisfactory working conditions, in accordance with the
following hierarchy of prevention principles:
a. engineered controls;
b. administrative controls;
c. personal protective equipment.
Local Rules and Personal Protective Equipment
Article (22)
a. establish in writing such local rules and procedures as are necessary to ensure
adequate levels of Protection and Safety for Workers and other people;
b. include in the local rules and procedures the values of any relevant investigation level
or authorized level, and the procedure to be followed in the event that any such value
is exceeded;
c. make the local rules and procedures and the protective measures and safety
provisions known to those Workers to whom they apply and to other people who may
be affected by them;
d. ensure that any work involving Occupational Exposure is adequately supervised and
take all reasonable steps to ensure that the rules, procedures, protective measures
and safety provisions are observed; and
e. designate, as appropriate, a Radiation Protection Officer.
a. Workers are provided with suitable and adequate personal protective equipment
which meets relevant standards or specifications, including as appropriate:
protective clothing,
protective respiratory equipment for which the protection characteristics are

made known to the users, and
protective aprons and gloves and organ shields;
b. when appropriate, Workers receive adequate instruction in the proper use of

respiratory protective equipment, including testing for good fit;
c. tasks requiring the use of some specific personal protective equipment are assigned
only to Workers who on the basis of medical advice are capable of safely sustaining
the extra effort necessary;
d. all personal protective equipment, including equipment for use in an Emergency, is
maintained in proper condition and, if appropriate, is tested at regular intervals; and
e. if the use of personal protective equipment is considered for any given task, account
is taken of any additional exposure that could result owing to the additional time or
inconvenience, and of any additional non-radiological risks that might be associated
with performing the task while using protective equipment.
Workplace Monitoring
Article (23)
1. The Licensee shall establish, maintain and keep under review a programme for the
monitoring of the workplace under the supervision of a Radiation Protection Officer or
other Qualified Experts.
2. The nature and frequency of monitoring of workplaces shall:
a. be sufficient to enable:
evaluation of the radiological conditions in all workplaces;
exposure Assessment in controlled areas and supervised areas; and
review of the classification of controlled and supervised areas; and
b. depend on the levels of ambient Dose rate and Activity Concentration in air, including
their expected fluctuations and the likelihood and magnitude of potential exposures.
3. The Licensee shall keep records of the findings of the workplace monitoring programme
which shall be made available to Workers.
Personnel Monitoring
Article (24)
1. The Licensee shall be responsible for making arrangements for Assessment of the
Occupational Exposure of Workers and for their health surveillance.
2. The Licensee shall be responsible for making arrangements for the Assessment of the
Occupational Exposure of Workers, on the basis of individual monitoring, and shall
ensure that adequate arrangements are made with approved/licensed dosimetry
services that operate under an adequate quality Management System.
3. The Licensee shall ensure that individual monitoring is undertaken for any Worker who is
normally employed in a controlled area, or who occasionally works in a controlled area
and may receive significant Occupational Exposure. In cases where individual monitoring
is inappropriate, inadequate or not feasible, the Licensee shall ensure that Occupational
Exposure of the Worker is assessed on the basis of the results of monitoring of the
workplace and on information on the locations and durations of exposure of the Worker.
4. The Licensee shall ensure that the Occupational Exposure of any Worker who is
regularly employed in a supervised area or who enters a controlled area only
occasionally is assessed on the basis of the results of monitoring of the workplace and
individual monitoring.
5. The Licensee shall ensure that Workers, who may be exposed to contamination,
including Workers who use protective respiratory equipment, are identified and shall
arrange for appropriate monitoring to the extent necessary to demonstrate the
effectiveness of the protection provided and to assess the intake of radioactive
substances or the committed Effective Doses, as appropriate.
Monitoring of Compliance
Article (25)
a. monitoring and measurements are performed of the parameters necessary for

verification of compliance with the requirements of this regulation;
b. suitable equipment is provided and verification procedures implemented;
c. the equipment is properly maintained, tested and calibrated at appropriate

intervals with reference to standards traceable to national or international
standards; and
d. monitoring records include records of the monitoring equipment tests and

calibrations carried out in accordance with this regulation.
Article (26)
1. The Licensee shall maintain Dose records for each Worker for whom Assessment of
Occupational Exposure is required in terms of Article 24.
2. The Licensee shall ensure that the exposure records for each Worker shall be preserved
during the Worker's working life and afterwards at least until the Worker attains or would
have attained the age of 75 years, and for not less than 30 years after the termination of
the work involving Occupational Exposure.
3. The exposure records shall include:
a. information on the general nature of the work involving Occupational Exposure and
the dates during which the Worker was employed;
b. information on Doses, exposures and intakes at or above the relevant recording

levels and the data upon which the Dose Assessments have been based; and
c. records of any Doses, exposures and intakes due to actions taken in an Emergency
or due to Accidents, which shall be distinguished from Doses, exposures or intakes
during normal work and which shall include references to reports of any relevant
investigations.
a. provide for access by Workers to the information in their own exposure records;
b. provide for access to the exposure records by the supervisor of the Workers health
surveillance programme, and by the Authority;
c. facilitate the provision of copies of Workers' exposure records to new employers

when Workers change employment;
d. report the Doses received by each Worker to the Authority during each quarter of the
year, within two months of the end of that quarter
e. when a Worker ceases to work, make arrangements for the retention of the Worker's
exposure records by the Authority; and
f. in complying with (a)(e), give due care and attention to the appropriate
confidentiality of records.
5. If the Licensee ceases Activities that involve Occupational Exposure of Workers, they
shall make arrangements for the retention of Workers' exposure records by the Authority.
6. Workers health surveillance programmes provided under Article 20(2)(f)shall be:
a. based on the general principles of occupational health; and
b. designed to assess the initial and continuing fitness of Workers for their intended
tasks.
7. If one or more Workers are to be engaged in work that involves or could involve
exposure from a Radiation Source that is not under the control of their employer, the
Licensee responsible for the Radiation Source shall, as a precondition for such
engagement, make any special arrangements for Workers health surveillance with the
employer which are needed to comply with the rules established by the Authority.
Information, Training and Special Requirements
Article (27)
The Licensee shall:

a. provide to all Workers adequate information on the health risks due to their Occupational
Exposure, whether normal exposure or potential exposure, adequate instruction and
training on Protection and Safety and adequate information on the significance for
Protection and Safety of their actions;
b. provide appropriate information, instruction and training to those Workers who could be
affected by or involved in the response to an Emergency; and
c. keep records of the training provided to individual Workers.
Article (28)
1. The Licensee shall not offer benefits as substitute for Protection and Safety measures
required by this regulation.
2. The Licensee shall make special arrangements for female Workers necessary for the
protection of the embryo and foetus and of breast-feeding infants, and for the protection
of people under 18 years of age, from exposure to radiation.
3. The Licensee shall provide to female Workers who are liable to enter controlled or
supervised areas or who may undertake Emergency duties, appropriate information on:
a. the risk to the embryo or foetus due to exposure of a pregnant woman;
b. the importance for a female Worker of notifying her employer as soon as she
suspects that she is pregnant or she is breast feeding; and
c. the risk to an infant ingesting radioactive substances by breast feeding.
4. The Licensee shall not use the notification of pregnancy or breast feeding as a reason to
exclude a female Worker from work.
5. The Licensee shall ensure that a female Worker who has notified pregnancy or breast
feeding has working conditions in respect of Occupational Exposure so as to ensure that
the embryo, foetus or infant is afforded the same broad level of protection as that
required for members of the public.
6. The Licensee shall ensure that no person under the age of 18 years is allowed to work in
a controlled area unless under supervision and then only for the purpose of training for
employment involving exposure to radiation or for students who are required to use
Radiation Sources in the course of their studies.
7. The Licensee shall ensure that no person under the age of 16 years is subjected to
Occupational Exposure.
Public Exposure - Responsibility of the Licensee for Optimisation of Protection and

Safety
Article (29)
1. The Licensee, in applying the principle of Optimisation of Protection and Safety shall
take into account:
a. potential changes in any condition that could affect Public Exposure, such as
changes in the characteristics and Operation of the Radiation Source, changes in
environmental dispersion conditions, changes in exposure pathways, or changes in
parameters used for the determination of the Representative Person;
b. current good practice in the Operation of similar Facilities and Activities;
c. build-up and accumulation of discharged Radioactive Materials in the environment

during the lifetime of a Radiation Source; and
d. uncertainties in the Assessment of exposures, especially in contributions to the
exposures if the Radiation Source and the Representative Person are separated in
distance or time.
2. The Licensee shall, with respect to the Radiation Sources under their responsibility,
establish, implement and maintain:
a. Protection and Safety policies, procedures and organisational arrangements in

relation to Public Exposure in fulfilment of the requirements of this regulation;
b. measures for ensuring:
the Optimisation of the protection, and
the limitation of the exposure of the members of public, which results from
such Radiation Sources, in accordance with this regulation;
c. measures for ensuring the Safety of such Radiation Sources;
d. suitable and adequate resources (such as facilities, equipment and services for the
protection of the public) commensurate with the magnitude and likelihood of the
exposure;
e. appropriate training to the personnel having functions relevant to the protection of the
public, as well as periodic retraining and updating as necessarily required, in order to
ensure the necessary level of competence;
f. appropriate monitoring equipment, surveillance programmes and methods to assess

Public Exposure;
g. adequate records of the surveillance and monitoring; and
h. Emergency Plans, procedures and arrangements, as required by Article (16) of this

regulation.
a. apply the relevant requirements of this regulation regarding Public Exposure to

visitors to a controlled area or supervised area;
b. ensure that visitors are accompanied in any controlled area by a Worker

knowledgeable about the Protection and Safety measures for that area;
c. provide adequate information and instruction to visitors before they enter a controlled
area so as to ensure appropriate protection of the visitors and of other individuals
who could be affected by their actions; and
d. ensure that adequate control over entry of visitors to a controlled area or supervised
area is maintained, including the appropriate use of signs in such areas.
4. The Licensee, shall ensure that, if a Radiation Source can cause exposure to the public:
a. the floor plans and equipment arrangements for all new installations, utilizing such
Radiation Sources, as well as all significant modifications to existing installations, are
subject to review and approval by the Authority prior to Commissioning; and
b. shielding and other protective measures including access control are provided as
appropriate for restricting Public Exposure, in particular at open sites such as for
some applications of industrial radiography.
5. The Licensee shall ensure, as appropriate, that:
a. specific confinement provisions are established for the Design and Operation of a
Radioactive Source that could cause spread of contamination in areas accessible to
the public; and
b. protective measures are implemented for restricting Public Exposure to

contamination in areas accessible to the public within a Facility.
Radioactive Waste
Article (30)
1. The Licensee shall ensure that Radioactive Waste is managed in accordance with the
Licence and that Discharges of Radioactive Material to the environment are within the
limits stated by the Authority in the Licence.
a. ensure that the Activity and volume of any Radioactive Waste generated from the
Radioactive Sources are kept to the minimum practicable, when optimizing
Protection and Safety, and that the Radioactive Waste is managed in accordance
with the requirements of this regulation;
b. segregate, and treat separately if appropriate, different types of Radioactive Waste

where warranted by differences in factors such as radionuclide content, half-life,
concentration, volume and physical and chemical properties, taking into account the
available options for the Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Waste; and
c. maintain an inventory of all Radioactive Waste (generated, Discharged, stored, or

transferred) and the physical and chemical characteristics of the Radioactive Waste.
3. The Licensee in applying for an authorization for Discharges, shall:
a. determine the characteristics and Activity of the Radioactive Material to be

Discharged, and the potential points and methods of Discharge;
b. determine by an appropriate pre-operational study all significant exposure pathways

by which Discharged radionuclides can deliver Public Exposure;
c. assess the Doses to the Representative Person due to the planned Discharges;
d. consider the radiological environmental impact, as required by the Authority;
e. submit the information in (a) to (d) to the Authority as an input to the establishment by
the Authority of authorized limits on Discharge and conditions for their
implementation.
4. The Licensee shall in agreement with the Authority, review and adjust their Discharge
control measures, taking into account:
a. operating experience; and
b. any changes in exposure pathways and the characteristics of the Representative

Person that could affect the Assessment of Doses due to the Discharges.
Monitoring of Public Exposure
Article (31)
The Licensee shall, as appropriate:

1. establish and implement a monitoring programme to ensure that Public Exposure in
relation to Radiation Sources under their responsibility is adequately assessed, and
sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the Licence. This programme shall include the
following, as appropriate:
a. external exposure from the Radiation Sources,
b. Discharges,
c. radioactivity in the environment, and
d. other parameters important for the Assessment of Public Exposure;
2. keep appropriate records of the results of the monitoring programmes and estimated
exposures;
3. report the results of the monitoring programme to the Authority at approved intervals,
including the levels and composition of Discharges, Dose rates at the site boundary and
in premises open to members of the public, results of environmental monitoring, results
of retrospective Assessments of Doses to the Representative Person;
4. carrying out Emergency monitoring, in case of unexpected increases in radiation levels

or content of radionuclides in the environment due to accidental or other unusual events
attributed to their authorized Radiation Source or facility; and
5. verify the adequacy of the assumptions made for the Assessment of Public Exposure
and environmental impact.
Medical Exposure - Responsibility of the Licensee for Optimisation of Protection and
Safety
Article (32)
1. The Licensee shall ensure that no person receives a Medical Exposure unless there has
been appropriate referral, Protection and Safety are assured, and the person to be
exposed has been informed as appropriate.
2. The Licensee shall ensure that no patient, whether symptomatic or not, receives a
Medical Exposure unless:
a. the examination or treatment has been requested by a Referring Medical Practitioner

and information on the clinical context has been provided, or is part of an health
screening programme approved by the Ministry of Health;
b. the Medical Exposure has been justified by the Radiological Medical Practitioner, in
consultation with the Referring Medical Practitioner when appropriate, or is part of an
approved health screening programme;
c. a Radiological Medical Practitioner has taken responsibility as specified in sub-article

(5)(a) below; and
d. the patient has been informed, as appropriate, of the potential benefit of the
radiological procedure as well as the radiation risks.
3. The Licensee shall ensure that no individual receives a Medical Exposure as part of a
biomedical research programme unless it has been approved by an ethics committee (or
other institutional body assigned similar functions by the relevant competent authority),
and a Radiological Medical Practitioner has taken responsibility as specified in sub-
article (5)(a) below and that Dose Constraints specified or approved by the ethics
committee are used in the Optimisation of Protection and Safety for persons exposed.
4. The Licensee shall ensure that no individual receives a Medical Exposure as a carer or
comforter unless he or she has received, and has indicated an understanding of,
relevant information on Radiation Protection and radiation risks prior to providing support
and comfort to an individual undergoing diagnosis or treatment, and that relevant Dose
Constraints are applied to the Optimisation of Protection and Safety.
a. the Radiological Medical Practitioner performing or overseeing the radiological

procedure has assumed responsibility for ensuring overall patient Protection and
Safety during the planning and delivery of the Medical Exposure, including the
Justification of the procedure as required in Article (34) and the Optimisation of
protection, in cooperation with the Medical Physicist and the Medical Radiation
Technologist, as required in Article (35);
b. Radiological Medical Practitioners, Medical Physicists, Medical Radiation

Technologists and other Qualified Experts with specific duties in patient protection
involved in a given radiological procedure have the appropriate specialisation;
c. sufficient medical and paramedical personnel are available as specified by the
relevant health competent authority;
d. for therapeutic uses of radiation, the calibration, dosimetry and Quality Assurance
(including medical radiological equipment acceptance and Commissioning)
requirements of this regulation, specified in Articles (35) to (38) are conducted by or
under the supervision of a Medical Physicist;
e. for diagnostic and image-guided interventional uses of radiation, the imaging,

calibration, dosimetry and Quality Assurance (including medical radiological
equipment acceptance and commissioning) requirements of this regulation, specified
in Article (35) to (38) are fulfilled by, or under the oversight of or with the documented
advice of, a Medical Physicist, where the degree of involvement of the Medical
Physicist is determined by the complexity of the particular use of radiation and the
ensuing radiation risks; and
f. any delegation of responsibilities by a party referred to in this Article is documented.
Justification of Medical Exposure
Article (33)
1. The Licensee shall ensure that a process is in place to determine that Medical
Exposures are justified.
2. Generic Justification of a radiological procedure is carried out by the competent health

authority in conjunction with appropriate professional bodies, and is to be reviewed from
time to time, taking into account new knowledge and new technical developments.
3. The Radiological Medical Practitioner shall carry out the Justification of Medical
Exposure for an individual patient, in consultation with the Referring Medical Practitioner
when appropriate, taking into account, particularly when the patient is pregnant, breast
feeding or paediatric:
a. the appropriateness of the request;
b. the urgency for the procedure;
c. the characteristics of the exposure;
d. the characteristics of the individual patient; and
e. relevant information from previous radiological procedures.
4. The Radiological Medical Practitioner, in consultation with the Referring Medical

Practitioner when appropriate, shall take into account relevant national or international
guidelines in justifying the exposure of an individual patient for diagnostic, image-guided
interventional or therapeutic purposes.
5. Radiological procedures performed as part of a health screening programme of

asymptomatic populations are justified if the programme is approved by the Ministry of
Health.
6. The Radiological Medical Practitioner, in consultation with the Referring Medical
Practitioner, shall undertake specific Justification for a radiological procedure on an
asymptomatic individual, intended to be performed for early detection of disease but not
as part of an approved health screening programme, by following guidelines from
relevant professional bodies or the health competent authority. As part of that process
the individual must be informed about the estimated benefits, risks and limitations of the
procedure.
Optimisation of Medical Exposures
Article (34)
1. The Licensee shall ensure that Medical Exposures are optimised.
2. The Licensee shall ensure that use is made only of medical radiological equipment and
of software that can influence the delivery of the radiation that conforms to applicable
standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the International
Organisation for Standardization (ISO).
3. The Radiological Medical Practitioner shall ensure, in relation to diagnostic radiological

procedures and image-guided interventional procedures, in cooperation with the Medical
Radiation Technologist, the Medical Physicist, and the Radiopharmacist, if appropriate,
that the following are used:
a. appropriate medical radiological equipment and software and, for nuclear medicine,
also appropriate radiopharmaceuticals;
b. appropriate techniques and parameters to deliver a patient exposure that is the

minimum necessary to achieve the clinical purpose of the procedure, taking into
account relevant norms of acceptable image quality established by appropriate
professional bodies and any relevant Diagnostic Reference Levels.
4. The Radiological Medical Practitioner shall ensure, in relation to therapeutic radiological

procedures, in cooperation with the Medical Physicist and the Medical Radiation
Technologist, that for each patient the exposure of volumes other than the planning
target volume is kept as low as reasonably achievable consistent with delivering the
prescribed Dose to the planning target volume within the required tolerances.
5. The Radiological Medical Practitioner shall ensure, in relation to therapeutic radiological

procedures involving administered radionuclides, in cooperation with the Medical
Physicist, the Medical Radiation Technologist, and the Radiopharmacist, if appropriate,
that for each patient the appropriate radiopharmaceutical and radioactivity are selected
and administered so that the exposure is primarily localised in the organ(s) of interest,
while the exposure in the rest of the body is kept as low as reasonably achievable.
6. The Licensee shall ensure that the Optimisation process considers the unique aspects of
Medical Exposures involving:
a. paediatric patients;
b. individuals as part of a health screening programme;
c. volunteers as part of a biomedical research project;
d. relatively high Doses to the patient [Note: The term relatively high is intended to
apply within a given context. For example, within the context of diagnostic radiology,
CT procedures typically lead to doses that are relatively high compared with the
usual distribution of patient doses in diagnostic radiology; similarly for image-guided
interventional procedures within the context of fluoroscopy procedures. Clearly
radiation oncology exposures are also included];
e. exposure of an embryo or foetus, particularly for radiological procedures where the

abdomen or pelvis of the woman who is pregnant is in the useful beam or may
receive a significant Dose; and
f. exposure of a child as a result of a breast-feeding female undergoing a radiological

procedure with unsealed radionuclides or radiopharmaceuticals.
Calibration and Clinical Dosimetry
Article (35)
1. The Licensee shall make arrangements for a Medical Physicist to ensure that:
a. all Radiation Sources used for Medical Exposure are calibrated in terms of
appropriate quantities using internationally or nationally accepted protocols;
b. calibrations are carried out at the time of Commissioning a unit prior to clinical use,
after any Maintenance procedure that may have an effect on the dosimetry and at
intervals approved by the Authority;
c. prior to clinical use, calibrations of radiotherapy units are verified by independent

means; and
d. the calibrations of all dosimeters, used for patient dosimetry or for the calibration of
Radiation Sources, are traceable to a standards dosimetry laboratory.
Article (36)
1. The Licensee shall ensure that appropriate clinical dosimetry is performed, and
documented, by or under the supervision of a Medical Physicist, using calibrated
dosimeters and following internationally or nationally accepted protocols, including:
a. for diagnostic Medical Exposures, typical patient Doses for common examinations;
b. for image-guided interventional procedures, typical patient Doses; and
c. for therapeutic Medical Exposures, individual patient Absorbed Doses to the tissues
or organs determined relevant by the Radiological Medical Practitioner.
Article (37)
a. local Assessments, based on the measurements required by Article (36), are made at
approved intervals for those radiological procedures for which Diagnostic Reference
Levels have been established;
b. a review is conducted to determine whether the Optimisation of protection of patients is

adequate or whether corrective action is required if the typical Doses or activities for a
given radiological procedure:
exceed the relevant Diagnostic Reference Level, or
fall substantially below the relevant Diagnostic Reference Level and the exposures
do not provide useful diagnostic information or do not yield the expected medical
benefit to the patient.
Quality Assurance
Article (38)
1. The Licensee shall establish a comprehensive programme of Quality Assurance

commenurate with the risks involved for Medical Exposures with the active participation
of the Medical Physicists, Radiological Medical Practitioners, Medical Radiation
Technologists and, for complex nuclear medicine Facilities, Radiopharmacists.
2. The Licensee shall ensure that programmes of Quality Assurance for Medical Exposures
include, as appropriate to the medical radiation facility:
a. measurements by, or under the oversight of, a Medical Physicist of the physical
parameters of medical radiological equipment:
at the time of acceptance and Commissioning prior to clinical use on patients,

and
periodically thereafter, and
after any major Maintenance that could affect patient protection;
b. implementation of corrective actions if measured values of the physical parameters

are outside established tolerance limits,
c. verification of the appropriate physical and clinical factors used in patient diagnosis or
treatment,
d. records of relevant procedures and results,
e. periodic checks of the appropriate calibration and conditions of operation of

dosimetry and monitoring equipment.
3. The Licensee shall ensure that there are regular and independent audits of the
programme of Quality Assurance for Medical Exposures; their frequency depending on
the complexity of the radiological procedures performed and the risks involved.
Protection of Women
Article (39)
1. The Licensee shall ensure that there are procedures in place to afford appropriate
Radiation Protection in cases where a woman may be pregnant or is breast-feeding.
2. The Licensee shall ensure that there are signs in public places, patient waiting rooms,
cubicles and other appropriate places, and other communication methods as
appropriate, requesting a female patient (scheduled to undergo a radiological procedure
that involves the administration of an unsealed radionuclide or radiopharmaceutical) to
notify the Radiological Medical Practitioner, Medical Radiation Technologist or other
personnel if she is or might be pregnant, or if she is breast-feeding. Such signs have to
be in all languages appropriate for the people normally served by the medical radiation
Facility.
3. The Licensee shall ensure that there are procedures in place to ascertain the pregnancy
status of a female of reproductive capacity before performing any radiological procedure
that may give a significant Dose to the embryo or foetus, so that this information can be
considered in the Justification for the radiological procedure and in its Optimisation.
4. The Licensee shall ensure that there are procedures in place to ascertain whether a
female is breast-feeding before performing any radiological procedure involving the
administration of an unsealed radionuclide or radiopharmaceutical that may give a
significant Dose to the nursling, so that this information can be considered in the
Justification for the radiological procedure and in its Optimisation.
Release of Patients following Radionuclide Therapy
Article (40)
1. The Licensee shall ensure that there are arrangements in place to ensure appropriate
Radiation Protection for members of the public and for family members before a patient
is released following radionuclide therapy.
2. The Radiological Medical Practitioner shall ensure that no patient who has undergone a
therapeutic procedure with sealed or unsealed Radioactive Sources is released from a
medical radiation Facility until it has been established by either a Medical Physicist or by
the Facilitys Radiation Protection Officer that:
a. the radioactivity of Radioactive Material in the patient is such that the Doses that may
be received by members of the public and family members are justified and
Optimised in the individual circumstances applying; and
b. the parent or legal guardian of the patient is provided with:
written instructions with a view to keeping Doses to persons in contact with or in
the vicinity of the patient as low as reasonably achievable and to avoiding the
spread of contamination, and
information on the risks of radiation effects.
Unintended or Accidental Medical Exposures
Article (41)
1. The Licensee shall ensure that all practicable measures are taken to minimize the
likelihood of unintended or Accidental Medical Exposures. They shall promptly
investigate any such exposure and, if appropriate, shall implement corrective measures.
2. The Licensee shall ensure that all reasonable measures are taken to minimize the
likelihood of unintended or Accidental Medical Exposures arising from Design flaws and
Operational failures of medical radiological equipment, failures and errors of software, or
as a result of human error.
3. The Licensee shall promptly investigate and notify the Ministry of Health of any of the
following unintended or Accidental Medical Exposures:
a. any treatment delivered to the wrong individual or the wrong tissue of the patient, or
using the wrong radiopharmaceutical, or with a Dose or Dose fractionation differing
substantially (above or below) from the values prescribed by the Radiological Medical
Practitioner, or which may lead to unduly severe secondary effects;
b. any diagnostic or image-guided interventional procedure which irradiates the wrong

individual or the wrong tissue of the patient;
c. any exposure for diagnostic purposes substantially greater than intended;
d. any exposure substantially greater than intended arising from an image-guided

interventional procedure;
e. any inadvertent exposure of the foetus in the course of performing a radiological

procedure; and
f. any medical radiological equipment, software or other system failure, Accident, error,
mishap or other unusual occurrence with the potential for causing a patient exposure
substantially different from that intended.
4. The Licensee shall, with respect to any investigation required under Article 41(3):
a. calculate or estimate the Doses received and their distribution within the patient;
b. indicate the corrective measures required to prevent recurrence of such an

unintended or Accidental Medical Exposure;
c. implement all the corrective measures that are under their own responsibility;
d. produce and keep as a record, as soon as possible after the investigation or as

otherwise specified by the Authority, a written report which states the cause of the
unintended or Accidental Medical Exposure and includes the information specified in
(a) to (c), as relevant, and any other information required by the Authority; and submit
this report, within 30 days, to the Authority, and to the relevant health authority if
appropriate, for those unintended or Accidental Medical Exposures involving
significant exposure or as otherwise required by the Authority; and
e. inform the Referring Medical Practitioner and the patient about the unintended or
Accidental Medical Exposure.
Radiological Reviews
Article (42)
1. The Licensee shall keep records and shall ensure that periodic radiological reviews are
performed at a medical radiation Facility.
2. The Licensee shall ensure that periodic radiological reviews are performed by the
Radiological Medical Practitioners at the medical Facility, in cooperation with the Medical
Radiation Technologists and the Medical Physicists. The radiological review shall include
the current practical implementation of the Radiation Protection principles of Justification
and Optimisation for the radiological procedures that are being performed in the medical
Facility.
3. The Licensee shall keep for 5 years and make available to the Authority, as required, the
following records:
a. in diagnostic radiology, necessary information to allow retrospective Dose

Assessment, including the number of exposures and the duration of fluoroscopic
examinations;
b. in image-guided interventional procedures, necessary information to allow

retrospective Dose Assessment, including the duration of the fluoroscopy component
and the number of images acquired;
c. in nuclear medicine, types of radiopharmaceuticals administered and their activities;
d. in radiation oncology, a description of the planning target volume, the Dose to the
centre of the planning target volume and the maximum and minimum Doses
delivered to the planning target volume or alternative equivalent information on
Doses to the planning target volume, the Doses to other relevant organs selected by
the Radiological Medical Practitioner, the Dose fractionation, and the overall
treatment time; and
e. the exposure of volunteers in biomedical research.
results of the calibrations and periodic checks of the relevant physical and clinical
parameters selected during treatments.
following records:
a. any delegation of responsibilities by principal parties (see Article 32(5)(f)); and
b. training records of personnel in Radiation Protection (see Article 27).
Schedule 1
Table I-1 Levels for Exemption of Moderate Amounts of Material without further
Consideration: Exempt Activity Concentrations and Exempt Activities of
Radionuclides
Activity Activity
Radionuclide concentration Activity Bq) Radionuclide concentration Activity(Bq)
(Bq/g) (Bq/g)
H-3 1 106 1 109 Sc-45 1 102 1 107
Be-7 1 103 1 107 Sc-46 1 101 1 106
Be-10 1 104 1 106 Sc-47 1 102 1 106
C-11 1 101 1 106 Sc-48 1 101 1 105
C-14 1 104 1 107 Sc-49 1 103 1 105
N-13 1 102 1 109 Ti-44 1 101 1 105
Ne-19 1 102 1 109 Ti-45 1 101 1 106
O-15 1 102 1 109 V-47 1 101 1 105
F-18 1 101 1 106 V-48 1 101 1 105
Na-22 1 101 1 106 V-49 1 104 1 107
Na-24 1 101 1 105 Cr-48 1 102 1 106
Mg-28 1 101 1 105 Cr-49 1 101 1 106
Al-26 1 101 1 105 Cr-51 1 103 1 107
Si-31 1 103 1 106 Mn-51 1 101 1 105
Si-32 1 103 1 106 Mn-52 1 101 1 105
P-32 1 103 1 105 Mn-52m 1 101 1 105
P-33 1 105 1 108 Mn-53 1 104 1 109
S-35 1 105 1 108 Mn-54 1 101 1 106
Cl-36 1 104 1 106 Mn-56 1 101 1 105
Cl-38 1 101 1 105 Fe-52 1 101 1 106
Cl-39 1 101 1 105 Fe-55 1 104 1 106
Ar-37 1 106 1 108 Fe-59 1 101 1 106
Ar-39 1 107 1 104 Fe-60 1 102 1 105
Ar-41 1 102 1 109 Co-55 1 101 1 106
K-40 1 102 1 106 Co-56 1 101 1 105
K-42 1 102 1 106 Co-57 1 102 1 106
K-43 1 101 1 106 Co-58 1 101 1 106
K-44 1 101 1 105 Co-58m 1 104 1 107
K-45 1 101 1 105 Co-60 1 101 1 105
C-41 1 105 1 107 Co-60m 1 103 1 106
Ca-45 1 104 1 107 Co-61 1 102 1 106
Ca-47 1 101 1 106 Co-62m 1 101 1 105
Sc-43 1 101 1 106 Ni-56 1 101 1 106
Sc-44 1 101 1 105 Ni-57 1 101 1 106
Activity Activity
Radionuclide concentration Activity(Bq) Radionuclide concentration Activity(Bq)
(Bq/g) (Bq/g)
Ni-59 1 104 1 108 Se-70 1 101 1 106
Ni-63 1 105 1 108 Se-73 1 101 1 106
Ni-65 1 101 1 106 Se-73m 1 102 1 106
Ni-66 1 104 1 107 Se-75 1 102 1 106
Cu-60 1 101 1 105 Se-79 1 104 1 107
Cu-61 1 101 1 106 Se-81 1 103 1 106
Cu-64 1 102 1 106 Se-81m 1 103 1 107
Cu-67 1 102 1 106 Se-83 1 101 1 105
Zn-62 1 102 1 106 Br-74 1 101 1 105
Zn-63 1 101 1 105 Br-74m 1 101 1 105
Zn-65 1 101 1 106 Br-75 1 101 1 106
Zn-69 1 104 1 106 Br-76 1 101 1 105
Zn-69m 1 102 1 106 Br-77 1 102 1 106
Zn-71m 1 101 1 106 Br-80 1 102 1 105
Zn-72 1 102 1 106 Br-80m 1 103 1 107
Ga-65 1 101 1 105 Br-82 1 101 1 106
Ga-66 1 101 1 105 Br-83 1 103 1 106
Ga-67 1 102 1 106 Br-84 1 101 1 105
Ga-68 1 101 1 105 Kr-74 1 102 1 109
Ga-70 1 102 1 106 Kr-76 1 102 1 109
Ga-72 1 101 1 105 Kr-77 1 102 1 109
Ga-73 1 102 1 106 Kr-79 1 103 1 105
Ge-66 1 101 1 106 Kr-81 1 104 1 107
Ge-67 1 101 1 105 Kr-81m 1 103 1 1010
Ge-68a 1 101 1 105 Kr-83m 1 105 1 1012
Ge-69 1 101 1 106 Kr-85 1 105 1 104
Ge-71 1 104 1 108 Kr-85m 1 103 1 1010
Ge-75 1 103 1 106 Kr-87 1 102 1 109
Ge-77 1 101 1 105 Kr-88 1 102 1 109
Ge-78 1 102 1 106 Rb-79 1 101 1 105
As-69 1 101 1 105 Rb-81 1 101 1 106
As-70 1 101 1 105 Rb-81m 1 103 1 107
As-71 1 101 1 106 Rb-82m 1 101 1 106
a
As-72 1 101 1 105 Rb-83 1 102 1 106
As-73 1 103 1 107 Rb-84 1 101 1 106
As-74 1 101 1 106 Rb-86 1 102 1 105
As-76 1 102 1 105 Rb-87 1 103 1 107
As-77 1 103 1 106 Rb-88 1 102 1 105
Activity Activity
(Bq/g) (Bq/g)
Sr-80 1 103 1 107 Nb-98 1 101 1 105
Sr-81 1 101 1 105 Mo-90 1 101 1 106
Sr-82a 1 101 1 105 Mo-93 1 103 1 108
Sr-83 1 101 1 106 Mo-93m 1 101 1 106
Sr-85 1 102 1 106 Mo-99 1 102 1 106
Sr-85m 1 102 1 107 Mo-101 1 101 1 106
Sr-87m 1 102 1 106 Tc-93 1 101 1 106
Sr-89 1 103 1 106 Tc-93m 1 101 1 106
a
Sr-90 1 102 1 104 Tc-94 1 101 1 106
Sr-91 1 101 1 105 Tc-94m 1 101 1 105
Sr-92 1 101 1 106 Tc-95 1 101 1 106
Y-86 1 101 1 105 Tc-95m 1 101 1 106
Y-86m 1 102 1 107 Tc-96 1 101 1 106
Y-87a 1 101 1 106 Tc-96m 1 103 1 107
Y-88 1 101 1 106 Tc-97 1 103 1 108
Y-90 1 103 1 105 Tc-97m 1 103 1 107
Y-90m 1 101 1 106 Tc-98 1 101 1 106
Y-91 1 103 1 106 Tc-99 1 104 1 107
Y-91m 1 102 1 106 Tc-99m 1 102 1 107
Y-92 1 102 1 105 Tc-101 1 102 1 106
Y-93 1 102 1 105 Tc-104 1 101 1 105
Y-94 1 101 1 105 Ru-94 1 102 1 106
Y-95 1 101 1 105 Ru-97 1 102 1 107
Zr-86 1 102 1 107 Ru-103 1 102 1 106
Zr-88 1 102 1 106 Ru-105 1 101 1 106
Zr-89 1 101 1 106 Ru-106a 1 102 1 105
Zr-93a 1 103 1 107 Rh-99 1 101 1 106
Zr-95 1 101 1 106 Rh-99m 1 101 1 106
Zr-97a 1 101 1 105 Rh-100 1 101 1 106
Nb-88 1 101 1 105 Rh-101 1 102 1 107
Nb-89 (2.03 h) 1 101 1 105 Rh-101m 1 102 1 107
Nb-89 (1.01 h) 1 101 1 105 Rh-102 1 101 1 106
Nb-90 1 101 1 105 Rh-102m 1 102 1 106
Nb-93m 1 104 1 107 Rh-103m 1 104 1 108
Nb-94 1 101 1 106 Rh-105 1 102 1 107
Nb-95 1 101 1 106 Rh-106m 1 101 1 105
Nb-95m 1 102 1 107 Rh-107 1 102 1 106
Nb-96 1 101 1 105 Pd-100 1 102 1 107
Nb-97 1 101 1 106 Pd-101 1 102 1 106
Activity Activity
(Bq/g) (Bq/g)
Pd-103 1 103 1 108 Sn-111 1 102 1 106
Pd-107 1 105 1 108 Sn-113 1 103 1 107
Pd-109 1 103 1 106 Sn-117m 1 102 1 106
Ag-102 1 101 1 105 Sn-119m 1 103 1 107
Ag-103 1 101 1 106 Sn-121 1 105 1 107
Ag-104 1 101 1 106 Sn-121ma 1 103 1 107
Ag-104m 1 101 1 106 Sn-123 1 103 1 106
Ag-105 1 102 1 106 Sn-123m 1 102 1 106
Ag-106 1 101 1 106 Sn-125 1 102 1 105
Ag-106m 1 101 1 106 Sn-126a 1 101 1 105
Ag-108m 1 101 1 106 Sn-127 1 101 1 106
Ag-110m 1 101 1 106 Sn-128 1 101 1 106
Ag-111 1 103 1 106 Sb-115 1 101 1 106
Ag-112 1 101 1 105 Sb-116 1 101 1 106
Ag-115 1 101 1 105 Sb-116m 1 101 1 105
Cd-104 1 102 1 107 Sb-117 1 102 1 107
Cd-107 1 103 1 107 Sb-118m 1 101 1 106
Cd-109 1 104 1 106 Sb-119 1 103 1 107
Cd-113 1 103 1 106 Sb-120 (5.76d) 1 101 1 106
Cd-113m 1 103 1 106 Sb-120 (15.89m) 1 102 1 106
Cd-115 1 102 1 106 Sb-122 1 102 1 104
Cd-115m 1 103 1 106 Sb-124 1 101 1 106
Cd-117 1 101 1 106 Sb-124m 1 102 1 106
Cd-117m 1 101 1 106 Sb-125 1 102 1 106
In-109 1 101 1 106 Sb-126 1 101 1 105
In-110 (4.9h) 1 101 1 106 Sb-126m 1 101 1 105
In-110(69.1m) 1 101 1 105 Sb-127 1 101 1 106
In-111 1 102 1 106 Sb-128(9.01h) 1 101 1 105
In-112 1 102 1 106 Sb-128 (10.4m) 1 101 1 105
In-113m 1 102 1 106 Sb-129 1 101 1 106
In-114 1 103 1 105 Sb-130 1 101 1 105
In-114m 1 102 1 106 Sb-131 1 101 1 106
In-115 1 103 1 105 Te-116 1 102 1 107
In-115m 1 102 1 106 Te-121 1 101 1 106
In-116m 1 101 1 105 Te-121m 1 102 1 106
In-117 1 101 1 106 Te-123 1 103 1 106
In-117m 1 102 1 106 Te-123m 1 102 1 107
In-119m 1 102 1 105 Te-125m 1 103 1 107
Sn-110 1 102 1 107 Te-127 1 103 1 106
Activity Activity
Radionuclide concentration Activity (Bq) Radionuclide concentration Activity(Bq)
(Bq/g) (Bq/g)
Te-127m 1 103 1 107 Cs-127 1 102 1 105
Te-129 1 102 1 106 Cs-129 1 102 1 105
Te-129m 1 103 1 106 Cs-130 1 102 1 106
Te-131 1 102 1 105 Cs-131 1 103 1 106
Te-131m 1 101 1 106 Cs-132 1 101 1 105
Te-132 1 102 1 107 Cs-134m 1 103 1 105
Te-133 1 101 1 105 Cs-134 1 101 1 104
Te-133m 1 101 1 105 Cs-135 1 104 1 107
Te-134 1 101 1 106 Cs-135m 1 101 1 106
I-120 1 101 1 105 Cs-136 1 101 1 105
I-120m 1 101 1 105 Cs-137a 1 101 1 104
I-121 1 102 1 106 Cs-138 1 101 1 104
I-123 1 102 1 107 Ba-126 1 102 1 107
I-124 1 101 1 106 Ba-128 1 102 1 107
I-125 1 103 1 106 Ba-131 1 102 1 106
I-126 1 102 1 106 Ba-131m 1 102 1 107
I-128 1 102 1 105 Ba-133 1 102 1 106
I-129 1 102 1 105 Ba-133m 1 102 1 106
I-130 1 101 1 106 Ba-135m 1 102 1 106
I-131 1 102 1 106 Ba-137m 1 101 1 106
I-132 1 101 1 105 Ba-139 1 102 1 105
I-132m 1 102 1 106 Ba-140a 1 101 1 105
I-133 1 101 1 106 Ba-141 1 102 1 105
I-134 1 101 1 105 Ba-142 1 102 1 106
I-135 1 101 1 106 La-131 1 101 1 106
Xe-120 1 102 1 109 La-132 1 101 1 106
Xe-121 1 102 1 109 La-135 1 103 1 107
Xe-122a 1 102 1 109 La-137 1 103 1 107
Xe-123 1 102 1 109 La-138 1 101 1 106
Xe-125 1 103 1 109 La-140 1 101 1 105
Xe-127 1 103 1 105 La-141 1 102 1 105
Xe-129m 1 103 1 104 La-142 1 101 1 105
Xe-131m 1 104 1 104 La-143 1 102 1 105
Xe-133m 1 103 1 104 Ce-134 1 103 1 107
Xe-133 1 103 1 104 Ce-135 1 101 1 106
Xe-135 1 103 1 1010 Ce-137 1 103 1 107
Xe-135m 1 102 1 109 Ce-137m 1 103 1 106
Xe-138 1 102 1 109 Ce-139 1 102 1 106
Cs-125 1 101 1 104 Ce-141 1 102 1 107
Activity Activity
(Bq/g) (Bq/g)
Ce-143 1 102 1 106 Sm-155 1 102 1 106
Ce-144a 1 102 1 105 Sm-156 1 102 1 106
Pr-136 1 101 1 105 Eu-145 1 101 1 106
Pr-137 1 102 1 106 Eu-146 1 101 1 106
Pr-138m 1 101 1 106 Eu-147 1 102 1 106
Pr-139 1 102 1 107 Eu-148 1 101 1 106
Pr-142 1 102 1 105 Eu-149 1 102 1 107
Pr-142m 1 107 1 109 Eu-150 (34.2y) 1 101 1 106
Pr-143 1 104 1 106 Eu-150 (12.6h) 1 103 1 106
Pr-144 1 102 1 105 Eu-152 1 101 1 106
Pr-145 1 103 1 105 Eu-152m 1 102 1 106
Pr-147 1 101 1 105 Eu-154 1 101 1 106
Nd-136 1 102 1 106 Eu-155 1 102 1 107
Nd-138 1 103 1 107 Eu-156 1 101 1 106
Nd-139 1 102 1 106 Eu157 1 102 1 106
Nd-139m 1 101 1 106 Eu-158 1 101 1 105
Nd-141 1 102 1 107 Gd-145 1 101 1 105
Nd-147 1 102 1 106 Gd-146a 1 101 1 106
Nd-149 1 102 1 106 Gd-147 1 101 1 106
Nd-151 1 101 1 105 Gd-148 1 101 1 104
Pm-141 1 101 1 105 Gd-149 1 102 1 106
Pm-143 1 102 1 106 Gd-151 1 102 1 107
Pm-144 1 101 1 106 Gd-152 1 101 1 104
Pm-145 1 103 1 107 Gd-153 1 102 1 107
Pm-146 1 101 1 106 Gd-159 1 103 1 106
Pm-147 1 104 1 107 Tb-147 1 101 1 106
Pm-148 1 101 1 105 Tb-149 1 101 1 106
Pm-148m 1 101 1 106 Tb-150 1 101 1 106
Pm-149 1 103 1 106 Tb-151 1 101 1 106
Pm-150 1 101 1 105 Tb-153 1 102 1 107
Pm-151 1 102 1 106 Tb-154 1 101 1 106
Sm-141 1 101 1 105 Tb-155 1 102 1 107
Sm-141m 1 101 1 106 Tb-156 1 101 1 106
Sm-142 1 102 1 107 Tb-156m(24.4h) 1 103 1 107
Sm-145 1 102 1 107 Tb-156m (5h) 1 104 1 107
Sm-146 1 101 1 105 Tb-157 1 104 1 107
Sm-147 1 101 1 104 Tb-158 1 101 1 106
Sm-151 1 104 1 108 Tb-160 1 101 1 106
Sm-153 1 102 1 106 Tb-161 1 103 1 106
Activity Activity
(Bq/g) (Bq/g)
Dy-155 1 101 1 106 Lu-172 1 101 1 106
Dy-157 1 102 1 106 Lu-173 1 102 1 107
Dy-159 1 103 1 107 Lu-174 1 102 1 107
Dy-165 1 103 1 106 Lu-174m 1 102 1 107
Dy-166 1 103 1 106 Lu-176 1 102 1 106
Ho-155 1 102 1 106 Lu-176m 1 103 1 106
Ho-157 1 102 1 106 Lu-177 1 103 1 107
Ho-159 1 102 1 106 Lu-177m 1 101 1 106
Ho-161 1 102 1 107 Lu-178 1 102 1 105
Ho-162 1 102 1 107 Lu-178m 1 101 1 105
Ho-162m 1 101 1 106 Lu-179 1 103 1 106
Ho-164 1 103 1 106 Hf-170 1 102 1 106
Ho-164m 1 103 1 107 Hf-172a 1 101 1 106
Ho-166 1 103 1 105 Hf-173 1 102 1 106
Ho-166m 1 101 1 106 Hf-175 1 102 1 106
Ho-167 1 102 1 106 Hf-177m 1 101 1 105
Er-161 1 101 1 106 Hf-178m 1 101 1 106
Er-165 1 103 1 107 Hf-179m 1 101 1 106
Er-169 1 104 1 107 Hf-180m 1 101 1 106
Er-171 1 102 1 106 Hf-181 1 101 1 106
Er-172 1 102 1 106 Hf-182 1 102 1 106
Tm-162 1 101 1 106 Hf-182m 1 101 1 106
Tm-166 1 101 1 106 Hf-183 1 101 1 106
Tm-167 1 102 1 106 Hf-184 1 102 1 106
Tm-170 1 103 1 106 Ta-172 1 101 1 106
Tm-171 1 104 1 108 Ta -173 1 101 1 106
Tm-172 1 102 1 106 Ta-174 1 101 1 106
Tm-173 1 102 1 106 Ta-175 1 101 1 106
Tm-175 1 101 1 106 Ta-176 1 101 1 106
Yb-162 1 102 1 107 Ta-177 1 102 1 107
Yb-166 1 102 1 107 Ta-178 1 101 1 106
Yb-167 1 102 1 106 Ta-179 1 103 1 107
Yb-169 1 102 1 107 Ta-180 1 101 1 106
Yb-175 1 103 1 107 Ta-180m 1 103 1 107
Yb-177 1 102 1 106 Ta-182 1 101 1 104
Yb-178 1 103 1 106 Ta-182m 1 102 1 106
Lu-169 1 101 1 106 Ta-183 1 102 1 106
Lu-170 1 101 1 106 Ta-184 1 101 1 106
Lu-171 1 101 1 106 Ta-185 1 102 1 105
Activity Activity
(Bq/g) (Bq/g)
Ta-186 1 101 1 105 Ir-190 1 101 1 106
W-176 1 102 1 106 Ir-190m (3.1h) 1 101 1 106
W-177 1 101 1 106 Ir-190m (1.2h) 1 104 1 107
W-178a 1 101 1 106 Ir-192 1 101 1 104
W-179 1 102 1 107 Ir-192m 1 102 1 107
W-181 1 103 1 107 Ir-193m 1 104 1 107
W-185 1 104 1 107 Ir-194 1 102 1 105
W-187 1 102 1 106 Ir-194m 1 101 1 106
W-188a 1 102 1 105 Ir-195 1 102 1 106
Re-177 1 101 1 106 Ir-195m 1 102 1 106
Re-178 1 101 1 106 Pt-186 1 101 1 106
Re-181 1 101 1 106 Pt-188a 1 101 1 106
Re-182 (64h) 1 101 1 106 Pt-189 1 102 1 106
Re-182(12.7h) 1 101 1 106 Pt-191 1 102 1 106
Re-184 1 101 1 106 Pt-193 1 104 1 107
Re-184m 1 102 1 106 Pt-193m 1 103 1 107
Re-186 1 103 1 106 Pt-195m 1 102 1 106
Re-186m 1 103 1 107 Pt-197 1 103 1 106
Re-187 1 106 1 109 Pt-197m 1 102 1 106
Re-188 1 102 1 105 Pt-199 1 102 1 106
Re-188m 1 102 1 107 Pt-200 1 102 1 106
Re-189a 1 102 1 106 Au-193 1 102 1 107
Os-180 1 102 1 107 Au-194 1 101 1 106
Os-181 1 101 1 106 Au-195 1 102 1 107
Oc-182 1 102 1 106 Au-198 1 102 1 106
Os-185 1 101 1 106 Au-198m 1 101 1 106
Os-189m 1 104 1 107 Au-199 1 102 1 106
Os-191 1 102 1 107 Au-200 1 102 1 105
Os-191m 1 103 1 107 Au-200m 1 101 1 106
Os-193 1 102 1 106 Au-201 1 102 1 106
Os-194a 1 102 1 105 Hg-193 1 102 1 106
Ir-182 1 101 1 105 Hg-193m 1 101 1 106
Ir-184 1 101 1 106 Hg-194a 1 101 1 106
Ir-185 1 101 1 106 Hg-195 1 102 1 106
Ir-186 (15.8h) 1 101 1 106 Hg-195ma 1 102 1 106
Ir-186 (1.75h) 1 101 1 106 Hg-197 1 102 1 107
Ir-187 1 102 1 106 Hg-197m 1 102 1 106
Ir-188 1 101 1 106 Hg-199m 1 102 1 106
Ir-189a 1 102 1 107 Hg-203 1 102 1 105
Activity Activity
(Bq/g) (Bq/g)
Tl-194 1 101 1 106 Po-206 1 101 1 106
Tl-194m 1 101 1 106 Po-207 1 101 1 106
Tl-195 1 101 1 106 Po-208 1 101 1 104
Tl-197 1 102 1 106 Po-209 1 101 1 104
Tl-198 1 101 1 106 Po-210 1 101 1 104
Tl-198m 1 101 1 106 At-207 1 101 1 106
Tl-199 1 102 1 106 At-211 1 103 1 107
Tl-200 1 101 1 106 Fr-222 1 103 1 105
Tl-201 1 102 1 106 Fr-223 1 102 1 106
Tl-202 1 102 1 106 Rn-220a 1 104 1 107
Tl-204 1 104 1 104 Rn-222a 1 101 1 108
Pb-195m 1 101 1 106 Ra-223a 1 102 1 105
Pb-198 1 102 1 106 Ra-224a 1 101 1 105
Pb-199 1 101 1 106 Ra-225 1 102 1 105
a
Pb-200 1 102 1 106 Ra-226 1 101 1 104
Pb-201 1 101 1 106 Ra-227 1 102 1 106
a
Pb-202 1 103 1 106 Ra-228 1 101 1 105
Pb-202m 1 101 1 106 Ac-224 1 102 1 106
Pb-203 1 102 1 106 Ac-225a 1 101 1 104
Pb-205 1 104 1 107 Ac-226 1 102 1 105
Pb-209 1 105 1 106 Ac-227a 1 10-1 1 103
Pb-210a 1 101 1 104 Ac-228 1 101 1 106
Pb-211 1 102 1 106 Th-226a 1 103 1 107
Pb-212a 1 101 1 105 Th-227 1 101 1 104
Pb-214 1 102 1 106 Th-228a 1 100 1 104
Bi-200 1 101 1 106 Th-229a 1 100 1 103
Bi-201 1 101 1 106 Th-230 1 100 1 104
Bi-202 1 101 1 106 Th-231 1 103 1 107
Bi-203 1 101 1 106 Th-232 1 101 1 104
Bi-205 1 101 1 106 Th-234a 1 103 1 105
Bi-206 1 101 1 105 Pa-227 1 101 1 106
Bi-207 1 101 1 106 Pa-228 1 101 1 106
Bi-210 1 103 1 106 Pa-230 1 101 1 106
Bi-210ma 1 101 1 105 Pa-231 1 100 1 103
Bi-212a 1 101 1 105 Pa-232 1 101 1 106
Bi-213 1 102 1 106 Pa-233 1 102 1 107
Bi-214 1 101 1 105 Pa-234 1 101 1 106
Po-203 1 101 1 106 U-230a 1 101 1 105
Po-205 1 101 1 106 U-231 1 102 1 107
Activity Activity
concentration Activity(Bq) Radionuclide concentration Activity(Bq)
Radionuclide
(Bq/g) (Bq/g)
U-232a 1 100 1 103 Am-242ma 1 100 1 104
a
U-233 1 101 1 104 Am-243 1 100 1 103
U-234 1 101 1 104 Am-244 1 101 1 106
U-235a 1 101 1 104 Am-244m 1 104 1 107
U-236 1 101 1 104 Am-245 1 103 1 106
U-237 1 102 1 106 Am-246 1 101 1 105
a
U-238 1 101 1 104 Am-246m 1 101 1 106
U-239 1 102 1 106 Cm-238 1 102 1 107
U-240 1 103 1 107 Cm-240 1 102 1 105
U-240a 1 101 1 106 Cm-241 1 102 1 106
Np-232 1 101 1 106 Cm-242 1 102 1 105
Np-233 1 102 1 107 Cm-243 1 100 1 104
Np-234 1 101 1 106 Cm-244 1 101 1 104
Np-235 1 103 1 107 Cm-245 1 100 1 103
Np-236
1 102 1 105 Cm-246 1 100 1 103
1.15.105y)
Np-236 (22.5h) 1 103 1 107 Cm-247 1 100 1 104
Np-237a 1 100 1 103 Cm-248 1 100 1 103
Np-238 1 102 1 106 Cm-249 1 103 1 106
Np-239 1 102 1 107 Cm-250 1 10-1 1 103
Np-240 1 101 1 106 Bk-245 1 102 1 106
Pu-234 1 102 1 107 Bk-246 1 101 1 106
Pu-235 1 102 1 107 Bk-247 1 100 1 104
Pu-236 1 101 1 104 Bk-249 1 103 1 106
Pu-237 1 103 1 107 Bk-250 1 101 1 106
Pu-238 1 100 1 104 Cf-244 1 104 1 107
Pu-239 1 100 1 104 Cf-246 1 103 1 106
Pu-240 1 100 1 103 Cf-248 1 101 1 104
Pu-241 1 102 1 105 Cf-249 1 100 1 103
Pu-242 1 100 1 104 Cf-250 1 101 1 104
Pu-243 1 103 1 107 Cf-251 1 100 1 103
Pu-244 1 100 1 104 Cf-252 1 101 1 104
Pu-245 1 102 1 106 Cf-253 1 102 1 105
Pu-246 1 102 1 106 Cf-254 1 100 1 103
Am-237 1 102 1 106 Es-250 1 102 1 106
Am-238 1 101 1 106 Es-251 1 102 1 107
Am-239 1 102 1 106 Es-253 1 102 1 105
Am-240 1 101 1 106 Es-254 1 101 1 104
Am-241 1 100 1 104 Es-254m 1 102 1 106
Am-242 1 103 1 106 Fm-252 1 103 1 106
Activity Activity
Radionuclide concentration Activity (Bq) Radionuclide concentration Activity (Bq)
(Bq/g) (Bq/g)
Fm-253 1 102 1 106 Md-258 1 102 1 105

Fm-254 1 104 1 107
Fm-255 1 103 1 106
Fm-257 1 101 1 105
Md-257 1 102 1 107
a = Parent radionuclides, and their progeny whose Dose contributions are taken into
account in the Dose calculation (thus requiring only the exemption level of the parent
radionuclide to be considered), are listed in the following:
Ge-68 Ga-68 Rn-220 Po-216

Rb-83 Kr-83m Rn-222 Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214,
Sr-82 Rb-82 Po-214
Sr-90 Y-90 Ra-223 Rn-219, Po-215, Pb-211, Bi-211,
Y-87 Sr-87m Tl-207
Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212,
Zr-93 Zr-97 Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64) Rn-
Nb-93m Nb-97 Rh-106 Ra-224 Ra-226
Ru-106 222, Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-
214, Pb-210, Bi-210, Po-210
Ag-108m Ag-108 Ra-228 Ac-228
Sn-121m Sn-121 (0.776) Ac-225 Fr-221, At-217, Bi-213,
Sn-126 Sb-126m Po-213 (0.978), Tl-209 (0.0216),
Xe-122 I-122 Pb-209 (0.978)
Cs-137 Ba-137m Ac-227 Fr-223 (0.0138)
Ba-140 La-140 Th-226 Ra-222, Rn-218, Po-214
Ce-134 La-134 Th-228 Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212,
Bi-212,Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212
Ce-144 Pr-144
(0.64)
Ra-225, Ac-225, Fr-221, At-217,

Gd-146Hf- Bi-213, Po-213, Pb-209 Pa-234m
172W-178 W- Eu-146 Lu-172 Ta-178 Re-188 Th-229 Th-234 Th-226, Ra-222, Rn-218, Po-214
188 Re-189 Ir- Os-189m (0.241) Os-189m U-230 U-232 Th-228, Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216,
189 Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-
212 (0.64)
Pt-188 Ir-188 U-235 Th-231

Hg-194 Au-194 U-238 Th-234, Pa-234m
Hg-195m Hg-195 (0.542) U-240 Np-240m
Pb-210 Bi-210, Po-210 Np-237 Pa-233
Pb-212 Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Am-242m Am-242
Bi-210m Po-212 (0.64) Tl-206 Am-243 Np-239
Bi-212 Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)
Table I-2 Levels for Clearance and for Exemption of Bulk Amounts of Material
without further Consideration : Activity Concentrations of Radionuclides of Artificial
Origin
Activity Activity Activity

Radionuclide concentration Radionuclide concentration Radionuclide concentration
(Bq/g) (Bq/g) (Bq/g)
H-3 100 Co-58 1 Y-93 100

Be-7 10 Co-58m 10 000 Zr-93 10
C-14 1 Co-60 0.1 Zr-95a 1
F-18 10 Co-60m 1000 Zr-97a 10
Na-22 0.1 Co-61 100 Nb-93m 10
Na-24 1 Co-62m 10 Nb-94 0.1
Si-31 1000 Ni-59 100 Nb-95 1
a
P-32 1000 Ni-63 100 Nb-97 10
P-33 1000 Ni-65 10 Nb-98 10
S-35 100 Cu-64 100 Mo-90 10
Cl-36 1 Zn-65 0.1 Mo-93 10
a
Cl-38 10 Zn-69 1000 Mo-99 10
a a
K-42 100 Zn-69m 10 Mo-101 10
K-43 10 Ga-72 10 Tc-96 1
Ca-45 100 Ge-71 10 000 Tc-96m 1000
Ca-47 10 As-73 1000 Tc-97 10
Sc-46 0.1 As-74 10 Tc-97m 100
Sc-47 100 As-76 10 Tc-99 1
Sc-48 1 As-77 1000 Tc-99m 100
V-48 1 Se-75 1 Ru-97 10
a
Cr-51 100 Br-82 1 Ru-103 1
a
Mn-51 10 Rb-86 100 Ru-105 10
a
Mn-52 1 Sr-85 1 Ru-106 0.1
Mn-52m 10 Sr-85m 100 Rh-103m 10 000
Mn-53 100 Sr-87m 100 Rh-105 100
Mn-54 0.1 Sr-89 1000 Pd-103a 1000
Mn-56 10 Sr-90a 1 Pd-109a 100
Fe-52a 10 Sr-91a 10 Ag-105 1
Fe-55 1000 Sr-92 10 Ag-110ma 0.1
Fe-59 1 Y-90 1000 Ag-111 100
a
Co-55 10 Y-91 100 Cd-109 1
a
Co-56 0.1 Y-91m 100 Cd-115 10
a
Co-57 1 Y-92 100 Cd-115m 100
In-111 10 Cs-138 10 Os-185 1
In-113m 100 Ba-131 10 Os-191 100
a
In-114m 10 Ba-140 1 Os-191m 1000
In-115m 100 La-140 1 Os-193 100
a
Sn-113 1 Ce-139 1 Ir-190 1
Sn-125 10 Ce-141 100 Ir-192 1
Sb-122 10 Ce-143 10 Ir-194 100
Sb-124 1 Ce-144 10 Pt-191 10
Sb-125a 0.1 Pr-142 100 Pt-193m 1000
Te-123m 1 Pr-143 1000 Pt-197 1000
Te-125m 1000 Nd-147 100 Pt-197m 100
Te-127 1000 Nd-149 100 Au-198 10
a
Te-127m 10 Pm-147 1000 Au-199 100
Te-129 100 Pm-149 1000 Hg-197 100
Te-129ma 10 Sm-151 1000 Hg-197m 100
Te-131 100 Sm-153 100 Hg-203 10
Te-131ma 10 Eu-152 0.1 Tl-200 10
a
Te-132 1 Eu-152m 100 Tl-201 100
Te-133 10 Eu-154 0.1 Tl-202 10
Te-133m 10 Eu-155 1 Tl-204 1
Te-134 10 Gd-153 10 Pb-203 10
I-123 100 Gd-159 100 Bi-206 1
I-125 100 Tb-160 1 Bi-207 0.1
I-126 10 Dy-165 1000 Po-203 10
I-129 0.01 Dy-166 100 Po-205 10
I-130 10 Ho-166 100 Po-207 10
I-131 10 Er-169 1000 At-211 1000
I-132 10 Er-171 100 Ra-225 10
I-133 10 Tm-170 100 Ra-227 100
I-134 10 Tm-171 1000 Th-226 1000
I-135 10 Yb-175 100 Th-229 0.1
Cs-129 10 Lu-177 100 Pa-230 10
Cs-131 1000 Hf-181 1 Pa-233 10
Cs-132 10 Ta-182 0.1 U-230 10
a
Cs-134 0.1 W-181 10 U-231 100
a
Cs-134m 1000 W-185 1000 U-232 0.1
Cs-135 100 W-187 10 U-233 1
Cs-136 1 Re-186 1000 U-236 10
Cs-137a 0.1 Re-188 100 U-237 100
U-239 100 Pu-244a 0.1 Cf-249 0.1
U-240a 100 Am-241 0.1 Cf-250 1
Np-237a 1 Am-242 1000 Cf-251 0.1
a
Np-239 100 Am-242m 0.1 Cf-252 1
a
Np-240 10 Am-243 0.1 Cf-253 100
Pu-234 100 Cm-242 10 Cf-254 1
Pu-235 100 Cm-243 1 Es-253 100
a
Pu-236 1 Cm-244 1 Es-254 0.1
a
Pu-237 100 Cm-245 0.1 Es-254m 10
Pu-238 0.1 Cm-246 0.1 Fm-254 10 000
a
Pu-239 0.1 Cm-247 0.1 Fm-255 100
Pu-240 0.1 Cm-248 0.1
Pu-241 10 Bk-249 100
Pu-242 0.1 Cf-246 1000
Pu-243 1000 Cf-248 1
a = Parent radionuclides, and their progeny whose Dose contributions are taken into account
in the Dose calculation (thus requiring only the exemption level of the parent radionuclide to
be considered), are listed in the following:
Fe-52 Mn-52m Sn-113 In-113m

Zn-69m Zn-69 Sb-125 Te-125m
Sr-90 Y-90 Te-127m Te-127
Sr-91 Y-91m Te-129m Te-129
Zr-95 Nb-95 Te-131m Te-131
Zr-97 Nb-97m, Nb-97 Te132 I-132
Nb-97 Nb-97m Cs-137 Ba-137m
Mo-99 Tc-99m Ce-144 Pr-144, Pr-144m
Mo-101Ru- Th-228, Ra-224, Rn-220,
103 Tc-101 Rh-103m U-232sec Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-
208
Ru-105 Rh-105m U-240 Np-240m, Np-240
Ru-106 Rh-106 Np237 Pa-233
Pd-103 Rh-103m Pu-244 U-240, Np-240m, Np-240
Pd-109 Ag- Ag-109m Ag-110 Ag-109m Am-242mAm-243 Cm-247 Np-238 Np-239 Pu-243 Bk-
110m Cd- In-115m Es-254 250
109 Cd-115
Cd-115m In-115m Es-254m Fm-254
In-114m In-114

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Basic Safety Standards for Facilities and

Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation (FANR)

Article (1) ............................................................................................................................................................ 4

Objective and Scope ........................................................................................................................................ 8

Article (2) ............................................................................................................................................................ 8

Exemption from Regulatory Control ................................................................................................................ 9

Article (5) ............................................................................................................................................................ 9

Generic Requirements - Justification ............................................................................................................. 10

Article (7) .......................................................................................................................................................... 10

Optimisation and Dose Limits ........................................................................................................................ 11

Article (8) .......................................................................................................................................................... 11

Management Requirements .......................................................................................................................... 12

Article (12) ........................................................................................................................................................ 12

Prevention of Accidents ................................................................................................................................. 15

Article (15) ........................................................................................................................................................ 15

Emergency Plan ............................................................................................................................................. 16

Article (16) ........................................................................................................................................................ 16

Operating Experience .................................................................................................................................... 17

Article (17) ........................................................................................................................................................ 17

Safety of Generators and Radioactive Sources ............................................................................................... 17

Article (18) ........................................................................................................................................................ 17

Reporting Requirements ................................................................................................................................ 19

Article (20) ........................................................................................................................................................ 20

Controlled and Supervised Areas ................................................................................................................... 21

Article (21) ........................................................................................................................................................ 21

Local Rules and Personal Protective Equipment ............................................................................................ 23

Article (22) ........................................................................................................................................................ 23

Workplace Monitoring ................................................................................................................................... 24

Article (23) ........................................................................................................................................................ 24

Personnel Monitoring .................................................................................................................................... 24

Article (24) ........................................................................................................................................................ 24

Monitoring of Compliance ............................................................................................................................. 25

Article (25) ........................................................................................................................................................ 25

Information, Training and Special Requirements ........................................................................................... 26

Article (27) ........................................................................................................................................................ 26

Article (29) ........................................................................................................................................................ 27

Radioactive Waste ......................................................................................................................................... 29

Article (30) ........................................................................................................................................................ 29

Monitoring of Public Exposure ....................................................................................................................... 30

Article (31) ........................................................................................................................................................ 30

Article (32) ........................................................................................................................................................ 31

Justification of Medical Exposure .................................................................................................................. 32

Article (33) ........................................................................................................................................................ 32

Optimisation of Medical Exposures ............................................................................................................... 33

Article (34) ........................................................................................................................................................ 33

Article (35) ........................................................................................................................................................ 34

Quality Assurance .......................................................................................................................................... 35

Article (38) ........................................................................................................................................................ 35

Protection of Women .................................................................................................................................... 36

Article (39) ........................................................................................................................................................ 36

Release of Patients following Radionuclide Therapy ...................................................................................... 36

Article (40) ........................................................................................................................................................ 36

Unintended or Accidental Medical Exposures ................................................................................................ 37

Article (41) ........................................................................................................................................................ 37

Radiological Reviews ..................................................................................................................................... 38

Article (42) ........................................................................................................................................................ 38

Absorbed Dose The fundamental dosimetric quantity D, defined as

Diagnostic Reference A level used in medical imaging to indicate whether, in routine