Ty v. Filipinas

Today is Tuesday, July 25, 2017
Republic of the Philippines

SUPREME COURT
Manila
EN BANC
G.R. No. L-21821-22 and L-21824-27 May 31, 1966

DIOSDADO C. TY, plaintiff-appellant,
vs.
FILIPINAS COMPAIA DE SEGUROS, et al., defendants-
appellees.
Porfirio V. Villaroman for plaintiff-appellant.
Ramirez and Ortigas for defendants-appellees Filipinas
Compaia de Seguros, Philippine Guaranty Co., Inc. and
Universal Insurance and Indemnity Co.
Renato L. Liboro for defendant-appellee People's Surety and
Insurance Co., Inc.
Perfecto P. R. Chua Cheng for defendant-appellee South Sea
Surety and Insurance Co., Inc.
Gil Carlos and Associates for defendant-appellee Plaridel
Surety and Insurance Co., Inc.
BARRERA, J.:
These are appeals instituted by Diosdado C. Ty from a

single decision of the Court of First Instance of Manila (in
Civ. Cases Nos. 26343, 26344, 26404, 26405, 26406, 26442,
which were tried together), dismissing the six separate
complaints he filed against six insurance companies
(Filipinas Compaia de Seguros, People's Surety &
Insurance Co., Inc., South Sea Surety & Insurance Co., Inc.,
The Philippine Guaranty Company, Inc., Universal Insurance
& Indemnity Co., and Plaridel Surety & Insurance Co., Inc.)
for collection from each of them, of the sum of P650.00, as
compensation for the disability of his left hand.
The facts of these cases are not controverted:
Plaintiff-appellant was an employee of Broadway Cotton

Factory at Grace Park, Caloocan City, working as mechanic
operator, with monthly salary of P185.00. In the latter part
of 1953, he took Personal Accident Policies from several
insurance companies, among which are herein defendants-
appellees, on different dates,1 effective for 12 months.
During the effectivity of these policies, or on December 24,
1953, a fire broke out in the factory where plaintiff was
working. As he was trying to put out said fire with the help
of a fire extinguisher, a heavy object fell upon his left hand.
Plaintiff received treatment at the National Orthopedic
Hospital from December 26, 1953 to February 8, 1954, for
the following injuries, to wit:
(1) Fracture, simple, oraximal phalanx, index finger, left;
(2) Fracture, compound, communite proximal phalanx,

middle finger, left and 2nd phalanx simple;
(3) Fracture, compound, communite phalanx, 4th finger,

left;
(4) Fracture, simple, middle phalanx, middle finger, left;
(5) Lacerated wound, sutured, volar aspect, small finger,

left;
(6) Fracture, simple, chip, head, 1st phalanx 5th digit,

left.
which injuries, the attending surgeon certified, would cause
temporary total disability of appellant's left hand.
As the insurance companies refused to pay his claim for

compensation under the policies by reason of the said
disability of his left hand, Ty filed motions in the Municipal
Court of Manila, which rendered favorable decision. On
appeal to the Court of First Instance by the insurance
companies, the cases were dismissed on the ground that
under the uniform terms of the insurance policies, partial
disability of the insured caused by loss of either hand to be
compensable, the loss must result in the amputation of that
hand. Hence, these appeals by the insured. 1wph1.t
Plaintiff-appellant is basing his claim for indemnity under

the provision of the insurance contract, uniform in all the
cases, which reads:
"INDEMNITY FOR TOTAL OR PARTIAL DISABILITY
If the Insured sustains any Bodily Injury which is

effected solely through violent, external, visible and
accidental means, and which shall not prove fatal but
shall result, independently of all other causes and within
sixty (60) days from the occurrence, thereof, in Total or
Partial Disability of the Insured, the Company shall pay,
subject to the exceptions as provided for hereinafter, the
amount set opposite such injury.
xxxxxxxxx
PARTIAL DISABILITY
LOSS OF:
xxxxxxxxx
Either Hand P650.00
xxxxxxxxx
The loss of a hand shall mean the loss, by amputation

through the bones of the wrist.
Appellant contends that to be entitled to indemnification

under the foregoing provision, it is enough that the insured
is disabled to such an extent that he cannot substantially
perform all acts or duties of the kind necessary in the
prosecution of his business. It is argued that what is
compensable is the disability and not the amputation of the
hand. The definition of what constitutes loss of hand,
placed in the contract, according to appellant,
consequently, makes the provision ambiguous and calls for
the interpretation thereof by this Court.
This is not the first time that the proper construction of this
provision, which is uniformly carried in personal accident
policies, has been questioned. Herein appellant himself has
already brought this matter to the attention of this Court in
connection with the other accident policies which he took
and under which he had tried to collect indemnity, for the
identical injury that is the basis of the claims in these
cases. And, we had already ruled:
While we sympathize with the plaintiff or his employer,

for whose benefit the policies were issued, we can not
go beyond the clear and express conditions of the
insurance policies, all of which definite partial disability
as loss of either hand by amputation through the bones
of the wrist. There was no such amputation in the case
at bar. All that was found by the trial court, which is not
disputed on appeal, was that the physical injuries
"caused temporary total disability of plaintiff's left
hand." Note that the disability of plaintiff's hand was
merely temporary, having been caused by fractures of
the index, the middle and the fourth fingers of the left
hand.
We might add that the agreement contained in the

insurance policies is the law between the parties. As the
terms of the policies are clear, express and specific that
only amputation of the left hand should be considered as a
loss thereof, an interpretation that would include the mere
fracture or other temporary disability not covered by the
policies would certainly be unwarranted.2
We find no reason to depart from the foregoing ruling on

the matter.
Plaintiff-appellant cannot come to the courts and claim that
he was misled by the terms of the contract. The provision is
clear enough to inform the party entering into that contract
that the loss to be considered a disability entitled to
indemnity, must be severance or amputation of that
affected member from the body of the insured.
Wherefore, finding no error in the decision appealed from,

the same is hereby affirmed, without costs. So ordered.
Concepcion, Reyes, J.B.L., Dizon, Regala, Makalintal, Bengzon,

J.P., Zaldivar and Sanchez, JJ., concur.
Footnotes
1South Sea Surety & Ins. Co., Dec. 17, 1963; The
Philippine Guaranty Company, Inc., Oct. 30, 1953;
Universal Ins. & Indemnity Co., Oct. 30, 1953; Filipinas
Compaia de Seguros, Oct. 30, 1953; People's Surety &
Ins. Co., Oct. 19, 1953; Plaridel Surety & Ins. Co., Dec. 22,
1953, Pacific Union, Ins.Co., Nov. 18, 1953.
2Ty v. First National Surety & Ins. Co., G.R. Nos. L-

16133-16145, April 29, 1961.
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Today is Tuesday, July 25, 2017

Republic of the Philippines

G.R. No. L-21821-22 and L-21824-27 May 31, 1966

These are appeals instituted by Diosdado C. Ty from a

The facts of these cases are not controverted:

Plaintiff-appellant was an employee of Broadway Cotton

(1) Fracture, simple, oraximal phalanx, index finger, left;

(2) Fracture, compound, communite proximal phalanx,

(3) Fracture, compound, communite phalanx, 4th finger,

(4) Fracture, simple, middle phalanx, middle finger, left;

(5) Lacerated wound, sutured, volar aspect, small finger,

(6) Fracture, simple, chip, head, 1st phalanx 5th digit,

As the insurance companies refused to pay his claim for

Plaintiff-appellant is basing his claim for indemnity under

"INDEMNITY FOR TOTAL OR PARTIAL DISABILITY

If the Insured sustains any Bodily Injury which is

The loss of a hand shall mean the loss, by amputation

Appellant contends that to be entitled to indemnification

While we sympathize with the plaintiff or his employer,

We might add that the agreement contained in the

We find no reason to depart from the foregoing ruling on

Wherefore, finding no error in the decision appealed from,

Concepcion, Reyes, J.B.L., Dizon, Regala, Makalintal, Bengzon,

2Ty v. First National Surety & Ins. Co., G.R. Nos. L-

The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation

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