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    Alto Recorder Abstract

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    solartejoseluis
    The alto recorder is an instrument in the recorder family that is between the soprano and tenor in size. It produces notes in the F range, one octave lower than the soprano recorder. The alto recorder is easy for adult hands to play and maintain, with the same care needed as the soprano recorder. Historically, alto recorders were first described in the early 16th century and were originally tuned to G, later shifting to the modern F tuning. They became a dominant woodwind instrument in Europe by the late 17th century.

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    Alto Recorder Abstract

    Uploaded by

    solartejoseluis
    307 views4 pages
    The alto recorder is an instrument in the recorder family that is between the soprano and tenor in size. It produces notes in the F range, one octave lower than the soprano recorder. The alto recorder is easy for adult hands to play and maintain, with the same care needed as the soprano recorder. Historically, alto recorders were first described in the early 16th century and were originally tuned to G, later shifting to the modern F tuning. They became a dominant woodwind instrument in Europe by the late 17th century.

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    Alto Recorder Abstract

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    The alto recorder is an instrument in the recorder family that is between the soprano and tenor in size. It produces notes in the F range, one octave lower than the soprano recorder. The alto recorder is easy for adult hands to play and maintain, with the same care needed as the soprano recorder. Historically, alto recorders were first described in the early 16th century and were originally tuned to G, later shifting to the modern F tuning. They became a dominant woodwind instrument in Europe by the late 17th century.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    307 views4 pages

    Alto Recorder Abstract

    Uploaded by

    solartejoseluis
    The alto recorder is an instrument in the recorder family that is between the soprano and tenor in size. It produces notes in the F range, one octave lower than the soprano recorder. The alto recorder is easy for adult hands to play and maintain, with the same care needed as the soprano recorder. Historically, alto recorders were first described in the early 16th century and were originally tuned to G, later shifting to the modern F tuning. They became a dominant woodwind instrument in Europe by the late 17th century.

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    Alto recorder

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    A modern three-piece alto recorder in olive wood, next to a modern three-piece soprano recorder in
    castello or zapatero "boxwood" for comparison.
    Musical instruments
    Woodwinds

    Piccolo
    Flute
    Oboe
    Cor anglais
    Clarinet
    Saxophone
    Bassoon
    Contrabassoon
    Bagpipes
    Recorder
    Garklein in C6 (c)
    Sopranino in F5 (f)
    Soprano in C5 (c)
    Alto in F4 (f)
    Voice flute in D4 (d)
    Tenor in C4 (c)
    Bass in F3 (f)
    Great bass in C3 (c)
    Contrabass in F2 (F)
    Sub-great bass in C2 (C)
    Sub-contrabass in F1 (FF)

    Brass
    Percussion
    String instruments
    Keyboards
    The alto recorder in F, also known as a treble (and, historically, as consort flute and common flute)
    is a member of the recorder family. Up until the 17th century the alto instrument was normally in G4
    instead of F4 (Lasocki 2001, (ii) Renaissance; Sachs 1913, 50).

    The alto is between the soprano and tenor in size, and is correspondingly intermediate in pitch. It has
    the same general shape as a soprano, but is approximately 50% larger in all dimensions.[citation
    needed] A 50% increase in length causes a 50% increase in the wavelength for a given fingering. This
    lowers the pitch by a perfect fifth, that is from C to F.
    The F alto is a non-transposing instrument, though its basic scale is in F, that is, a fifth lower than the
    soprano recorder and a fourth higher than the tenor (both with a basic scale in C). So-called F
    fingerings are therefore used, as with the bassoon or the low register of the clarinet, in contrast to the C
    fingerings used for most other woodwinds. Its notation is usually at sounding pitch, but sometimes is
    written an octave lower than it sounds.
    For adult hands, the alto recorder is easy to play. Maintenance is the same as for the soprano recorder.

    History
    Recorders are known to have been made in different sizes since at least the 15th century, but a
    consistent terminology did not exist until the 20th-century revival of the instrument. In the early 16th
    century, books were published by Sebastian Virdung (1511), Martin Agricola (1529), and Sylvestro
    Ganassi (1535), all of which describe the smallest of three sizes of recorder (tuned in fifths) as an
    instrument with the bottom note G. Appropriate to the highest instrument of the set, it is given a name
    used for the highest vocal part in music from that time: discant (Virdung 1511, fol. N1r; Agricola 1529,
    fol. 6v, Virdung also calls it clain flte"small flute", kleine Flte in modern German) and sopran or
    soprano (Ganassi 1535, fol. 2v). At this time, recorders were made in a single piece. This type of
    instrument continued to be produced through the 17th century and into the early 18th, though around
    1650 it began to be made in three separate parts. It was sometimes called the flauto italiano,
    particularly after about 1670 when a new type of recorder appeared in France, called flte douce (sweet
    flute), what today would be called an alto (treble) in F. In contrast to the bright-toned flauto italiano,
    which was easy to play in the high register, the flte douce was full and resonant in the low register, but
    was weak on the upper notes. This new version of recorder (first depicted in a painting from 1672) was
    first made in Paris and, shortly later and under French influence, in London. The redesign is
    traditionally attributed to the Hotteterres, particularly to Jean Hotteterre, though the evidence is rather
    tenuous. In 1696, Johann Christoph Denner and Johann Schell applied for permission to make the
    French type of instrument in Nuremberg, and it quickly became the dominant type of instrument across
    Europe. In most languages, this was the instrument meant by the word for flute alone: German Flte,
    Dutch fluyt, Italian flauto, Spanish flauta. In England, it was usually simply "flute", but when necessary
    to differentiate from the transverse flute or other sizes of recorder, it was called "common flute" or
    "consort flute" (Lasocki 2001).

    References
    Agricola, Martin. 1529. Musica instrumtalis deudsch ynn welcher begriffen ist/ wie man nach
    dem gesange auff mancherley Pfeiffen lernen sol/ Auch wie auff die Orgel/ Harffen/ Lauten/
    Geigen/ vnd allerley Instrument vnd Seytenspiel/ nach der rechtgegrndten Tabelthur sey
    abzusetzen. Wittemberg: Georg Rhaw.
    Baines, Anthony C. 1967. Woodwind Instruments and Their History, third edition, with a
    foreword by Sir Adrian Boult. London: Faber and Faber. Reprinted with corrections, 1977. This
    edition reissued, Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1991, and reprinted again in
    2012. ISBN 978-0-486-26885-9.
    Ganassi, Sylvestro da Fontego. 1535. Opera intitulata Fontegara. Venice: [s.n.]. Facsimile
    reprint, Collezione di trattati e musiche antiche edite in fac-simile. Milan: Bollettino
    bibliografico musicale, 1934. Facsimile reprint, edited by Luca de Paolis. Hortus Musicus,
    Prattica di musica, Serie A 3. Rome: Societ italiana del flauto dolce, 1991. Facsimile reprint
    of the second edition, 1542, Bibliotheca musica Bononiensis 2:18. Bologna: Arnaldo Forni
    Editore, 1969, reprinted again in 1980 and 2002.
    Griscom, Richard W., and David Lasocki. 2013. The Recorder: A Research and Information
    Guide, third edition. Routledge Music Bibliographies. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-83932-1.
    Hunt, Edgar. 1988. "Syntagma Musicum II, Parts 1 and 2 of De Organographia by Michael
    Praetorius; David Z. Crookes" (review). The Galpin Society Journal 41 (October): 14244.
    Lasocki, David. 2001. "Recorder". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second
    edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
    Praetorius, Michael. 1619a. Syntagmatis Musici Michaelis Praetorii C. Tomus Secundus De
    Organographia. Wolfenbttel: Elias Holwein, in Verlegung des Autoris.
    Praetorius, Michael. 1619b. Syntagmatis Musici Michaelis Praetorii C. Tomus Tertius.
    Wolfenbttel: Elias Holwein.
    Sachs, Curt. 1913. Real-Lexikon der Musikinstrumente, zugleich ein Polyglossar fr das
    gesamte Instrumentengebiet. Berlin: Julius Bard.
    Virdung, Sebastianus. 1511. Musica getutscht und ausgezogen. Basel: [s.n.]. Facsimile reprint,
    edited by Klaus Wolfgang Niemller. Documenta musicologica 31. Kassel: Brenreiter, 1970.
    ISBN 3-7618-0004-5.
    Virgiliano, Aurelio. c.1600. Il dolcimelo. Manuscript. Bologna: Civico Museo Bibliografico
    Musicale. Facsimile edition, edited by Marcello Castellani. Archivum Musicum: Collana di
    testi rari 11. Florence: Studio per Edizioni Scelte. 1979.

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