On-Line Repair Solutions for Corrosion

Under Insulation
On-Line Composite Repair Solutions for Corrosion Under Insulation

NACE Jubail Technical Workshop

Corrosion under Insulation
10th December 2015

Presented By : Mr Rob Dawson

Belzona Product Manager
Hajjan Trading & Industrial Services Co. Ltd. (HATCON)
Corrosion Under Insulation Root Causes and Effects

Water Ingress
Trapped during construction
Leakage of weather-proofing
Sprinkler Systems

Exacerbating Factors
Contaminants in the insulation material
Atmospheric pollutants
Chemical Spillage
Temperature
CUI most aggressive in the range of 15 150 C
Cyclic wetting / drying accelerates corrosion
Corrosion Under Insulation Effects

Carbon Steels
Accelerated Corrosion
Pitting

Stainless Steels
Crevice Corrosion
Pitting corrosion
SCC (high risk: chloride + T>60 C)
Corrosion Under Insulation Problem Areas

Lobster backs

Joints in saddles Vertical risers act

As watersheds

Low elevation

Saddles trap water

Heat sink attracts vapour
Mid joints

Water penetration into Insulation is the primary cause of CUI

If the water can be prevented from entering the Insulation CUI can be negated.
Corrosion Under Insulation Results

CUI problems can be Repaired and Negated On Line using Specialized Solutions
CUI - Solution Criteria

Prevent Moisture from getting to the Metallic Substrate

1. Insulation Effectively Sealed
2. Coating that has excellent Immersion and Temperature Resistance

Coating Solution Technical Properties

High Adhesion
Low Permeability for Immersion Resistance
Surface Preparation Tolerance
Application to a range of substrate
temperatures

Commercial Considerations
Simple to apply
On-Line application
Quick curing
Long life Expectancy
Minimal surface preparation
Cost effective
Belzona Can Provide On Line Solutions to Corrosion Under
Insulation Problems on Hot Substrates Including :

HA Metal
Paste Grade

Bonding Doubler Plates Filling of Pitting Corrosion

HA Barrier
Coating Grade

Vessel Protection Pipe Protection

Belzona Heat Activated Products

Single pack product

No weighing or mixing
Effectively unlimited usable life

Heat-activated cure when applied onto hot pipework

No equipment shutdown necessary
Minimum cure temperature 70C (158F)
Optimum performance up to 150C (302F)
Rapid 15 minute cure at 100C (212F)

Surface tolerant
Excellent adhesion even on manually prepared surfaces

Safe to apply directly onto hot surface

No volatile components up to 150C (302F)
Adhesion on ambient temperature substrates

Is best achieved through mechanical

locking such as by grit blasting.
Adhesion on hot surfaces

Achieved by penetration of micro-pores in metal

which increase in size on heating
CUI Simulation Performance Testing
CUI Simulation Testing

Partially rusty test sleeve manually abraded using P36 abrasive paper is
placed over heater.
Test coating is applied onto the hot sleeve.
End flange is bolted on and sealed.
Mineral fiber insulation taped into place.
Outer cladding/water funnel attached/sealed.
CUI Simulation Test Results

Two litres of water added each week

1 litre of water and 1 litre of 5% salt water solution

Results
No attack or corrosion at 70C to 90C
Negligible attack/corrosion at 100C to 150C
Very slight surface erosion in full immersion areas Belzona5851
No attack or corrosion in full immersion Belzona5841
Salt spray testing
Generates a very corrosive fog of warm salt water
Coated panels are exposed to the salt water fog,
with a scribed X cut through the coating
Tested in accordance with ASTM B117
Test not ideally representative of CUI but industry
standard test for corrosion resistance

Salt Spray Results

Steel test panels prepared by abrading manually
(no profile)
HA Coating applied onto hot panels and oven
cured
Panels exposed for 1000 hours at 35C (95F) in
saturated salt fog atmosphere

Results
No field blistering or corrosion
Minimal corrosion creep under the
scribe mark
Adhesion testing
Substrates:
Unprepared Steel
Unprepared, uncorroded steel direct from the manufacturers.
Surface covered in firmly attached millscale.
Adhesion testing
Substrates:
Unprepared Steel

Ground Steel
Unprepared steel ground using belt sander (with P36 abrasive).
Clean metal surface exposed, but negligible profile.
Adhesion testing
Substrates:
Unprepared Steel

Ground Steel

Rusty Steel
Steel weathered externally for 3 months. Rusted to ISO 8501-1
grade C, i.e. significant rusting with some pitting.
Loose surface rust brushed away, but no other preparation.
Adhesion testing
Substrates:
Unprepared Steel

Ground Steel

Rusty Steel

Wire-Brushed Rusty Steel

Started with rusty steel panel (ISO 8501-1 grade C)

Thoroughly abraded with wire brush to ISO 8501-1 St 2.
Pitted surface covered in firmly attached rust.
Adhesion testing
Substrates:
Unprepared Steel

Ground Steel

Rusty Steel

Wire-Brushed Rusty Steel

Abraded Rusty Steel

Started with rusty steel panel (ISO 8501-1 grade C)
Initially abraded with wire brush, then further abraded by
hand with P36 abrasive paper to ISO 8501-1 St 3 surface;
a combination of firmly attached rust with some clean
steel showing through.
Belzona 5851 performance

Adhesion HA-Metal HA-Barrier

2600
Manually Abraded 2410

1720
Wire Brushed 1240

1380
Rusty 830

3490
Ground 2320

2940
Unprepared 2280

2800
Blasted SA2.5 3200
Cure Time

Cure Time Versus Temperature

80
Time, minutes

60

40

20

0
70C 85C 100C 115C

Cure time decreases with increasing cure temperature

Rapid 15 minute cure at 100C/212F
 Cathodic disbondment testing
Re: TECHNICAL INFORMATION No. #29 December 12, 2003

1. CATHODIC DISBONDMENT BELZONA 5851 (HA-BARRIER) ASTM G8 Criteria Results

We are pleased to provide you with a copy of this Cathodic Disbondment on
Belzona 5851 Test Report. The product was tested in accordance with ASTM 5851 Av disbonded radius
G8 Standard Test Methods for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings.

This test method covers an accelerated procedure for simultaneously -1.5 volts for = 0.01367 inch
determining comparative characteristics of insulating coating systems applied to
steel pipe exteriors for the purpose of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may 30 Days (720 hrs) = 1.7mm rad
occur with underground service where the pipe will be in contact with inland soils = 3.3mm dia.
and may or may not receive cathodic protection.

The basis for the test is breaks and holidays in pipe coatings may expose the
pipes to possible corrosion, since the pipe is underground, the surrounding earth
Criteria Results
will be more or less moisture bearing and it constitutes an effective electrolyte.
Normal soil potentials as well as applied cathodic protection potentials may
cause loosening of a coating, beginning at holiday edges, and in some cases
5831 Av disbonded radius
increasing the apparent size of the holiday. Holidays may also be caused by
such potentials. While apparently loosened coating and cathodic holidays may
not result in corrosion, this test provides accelerated conditions for loosening to -1.5 volts for = 0.149 inches
occur and therefore gives a measure of resistance of coatings to this type of 30 days (720 hrs) = 3.8mm rad
action.
@ 23C = 7.6mm dia.
You may remember that one of the early field trials with Belzona 5851 (HA
Barrier) involved an underground pipe at ExxonMobil. The pipe definitely used
cathodic protection. The results of the field trial were favorable and since that
time applications to underground pipes have taken place in Texas and Latin
America.
ASTM G42 Criteria Results
The cathodic disbondment test involves coating the outside of a pipe, the making
of an artificial holiday in the coating, immersing the coated pipe in an electrolyte 5841 Av disbonded radius
solution, and connecting the test specimen to the anode under a -1.5V potential
for 30 days. At the end of the test period, the test specimen is examined. Radial
45 degree cuts are made through the coating intersecting at the center, of both
the intentional holiday and a reference holiday with a sharp, thin bladed knife. An -1.5 volts for = 0.153inches
attempt is made to lift the coating with the point of a sharp, thin bladed knife. The 30 days (720 hrs) = 3.9mm rad
total area of disbonded coating is measured and recorded. The result in this
particular test of 0.01367 in2 of equivalent circle diameter of disbondment is
@ 80C = 7.8mm dia.
excellent.
On-Line Repair Solutions for Corrosion Under Insulation

Historical Case Studies in the Oil and Gas Industry

Proof of Performance and Testing Relevance

TOTAL Immingham Refinery UK
Condensate vessel operating at 85C suffering
severe CUI
Surface preparation combination of hand
wire brushing and power wire brushing to
produce a tightly adherent rusted surface.
Application carried out 16th March 2001
Surface temperatures ranged between110oC
at the top of the vessel and 50oC lower down
Two coats of product applied from top of the
vessel down to approximately 2 thirds of the
vessel height
Coating application was halted when the
vessel skin temperature dropped to 70oC
Application completed in 4 hrs & the total
cure time was under 3 hrs allowing vessel to
be re-insulated.
First in service inspection of Belzona 5851 on vessel 8D91
carried out 27th February 2002.
The condensate vessel had been lagged and had been in
continual service for approx 12 months.
Sections of the lagging at various points had been cut away
to facilitate this first 12 month inspection.
This area was performing extremely well with no
defects in the coating.
Second in service inspection of Belzona 5851 on
vessel 8D91 carried out late 2008.
Shell Stanlow Refinery - UK
Existing coating system failed resulting in severe
CUI on distillation columns and fractionator
towers operating at temperatures between 50-
120C Shutdown for repairs was going to be very
costly

Manual preparation of the steel substrate using

scrapers and wire brushes followed by two coats
of Belzona 5851, March 2006

The vessel wall temperatures were above 70C

but the insulation support rings were between
55C and 65C .

Wire brush to remove all loose & flaking paint the

apply Belzona 5841 to the areas up to 75C And after two years in service
December 2008
This successful application has led to significant
use of these systems at the Stanlow refinery.
Ease of Application + Cost and Time effective
Belzona5841 and Belzona5851
developed for on line application
onto pipework and vessels operating
at elevated temperatures reducing
application time from several weeks
to a couple of days
Hertel (Shell Stanlow incumbent
Coating and Insulation Contractor)
application trials
Ian Land, CUI / LIP Project Manager
Shell Stanlow ..
Everyone is both surprised and
impressed with the ease of
Completed the top half of a
application and the results
column in 4 days against 6 weeks
using existing alternate material.
 Corrosion Under Insulation On-Line Solutions for
Elevated Temperature CUI Problem Areas

Two years into a six year programme of work, Shell were able to conduct direct
comparison with TSA and with other organic coating technologies

Heat Activated System Advantages over TSA

No need to blast clean substrate.

No need to tent in area to retain blast media.

Not creating confined spaces to manage

emergency plans for.

Application of two coats onto hot surfaces easy.

Avoiding equipment hot work.

Less risk of misses.

Less risk of coating failure due to thin film or

missed areas.
Significant savings in time and money.
Heat Activated Composite Repair Solution
Shell Refinery New Zealand Year 2003

De-Asphalting Column Surface Preparation Carried Application of Heat

in service with operating out Using High Pressure Activated Coating System
of 120 C Water Jetting using rollers and brushes

Ongoing Inspection shows no deterioration of the coating

after 12 years in Service.
Heat Activated Composite Repair Solution
Exxon Refinery Singapore Year 2001

Fractionator Tower T102 Surface preparation carried Application of Heat

in service operating out using scrapers to remove Activated Coating System
at 120C loose rust to ST2 finish using rollers and brushes

Ongoing Inspection shows no deterioration of the coating

after 14 years in Service.
 Heat Activated Composite Repair Solution
British Gas Offshore Platform Year 2005

Gas - Condensate Pipework Surface preparation carried Heat Activated Composite

operating at temperatures out using high pressure wrapping and coating carried
up to 115C water jetting out on-line

Ongoing Inspection shows no deterioration of the repairs and

after 10 years in Service.
 Corrosion Under Insulation On-Line Solutions for
Elevated Temperature CUI Problem Areas

Client Testimonials

Emlyn Roberts
Works Engineer
Total Refinery , UK

Bertrand Van Der Hayden

Fixed Equipment Reliability
Inspector
Caltex South Africa

The absorber column at the Vector Kapuni Gas Treatment Plant in Taranaki required
Bob van den Beuken painting. It was not possible to take the column out of service long enough to complete
Maintenance Team Leader the painting programme using normal painting specs. The column runs at approximately
Mechanical 100 degree C so the search began for a product that could be applied at this temperature
Vector Kapuni , New Zealand while the plant remained online. Belzona 5851 was the pick of the products as it had
already proven itself at Marsden Point. Belzona 5851 has now been in service for about 2
years and as the pictures show remains in good condition. We have since applied the
same product to our Regeneration tower which also runs at similar temperature with no
problems encountered.
Systems Application Temperatures

70C - 150C - Belzona 5851 70 to 150C

30C - 80C - Belzona 5841 30 to 80C

Up to 35C - Belzona 5831

Up to 35C
On-Line Repair Solutions for Corrosion Under Insulation

Heat Activated and CUI Repair and Protection Systems

Can Be applied to Hot Surfaces

Surface Temperatures of 10C 180C

Minimal Surface Preparation ( ST2 )

High Adhesion

Resists Insulation Saturation / Immersion

Simple to Use

Long Service Period

On-Line Repair Solutions for Corrosion Under Insulation

QUESTIONS ?

Presented By : Mr Rob Dawson

Belzona Product Manager
Hajjan Trading & Industrial Services Co. Ltd. (HATCON)
Composite Repair Solutions for
Corrosion Under Insulation