Chess Openings

OPEN GAMES
They start:
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
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WHITE SAYS:
You're expecting the Ruy Lopez? Tough. I'm going to
play my favourite opening and see what you know
about it. It could be anything from a wild gambit to a
quiet line. You'll soon find out.
BLACK SAYS:
These openings really aren't so scary. I'm well
prepared: I can reach at least an equal position
whichever one you choose. Go ahead and do your
worst.
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Most of these openings fall into one of three
categories:
1. White plays for a central break with d4 (Scotch Game,

Ponziani, most lines of Giuoco Piano and Two Knights).
2. White plays for a central break with f4 (King's Gambit,

most lines of the Vienna and Bishop's Opening).
3. White plays quietly with d3 (Giuoco Pianissimo, Spanish

Four Knights).
We also look at some other defences for Black after 2.

Ng1-f3, from safe defensive systems to sharp counter-
gambits. What should Black do next?
Ideas for White:
Adults will expect the Ruy Lopez while juniors are more used to this sort of opening.
So it's a good idea to play the Ruy Lopez against juniors, and, for example, the Giuoco
Piano against adults.
Most of these openings lead to open positions. Rapid, effective development and King
safety are the most important factors.
Don't play the Ng5 line against good opponents unless you really know what you're
doing. They won't fall for the Fried Liver Attack: in many lines Black gives up a pawn or
two for a dangerous initiative.
It's worth learning a good reply to the Latvian and Elephant Gambits: they're quite
popular at club level.
Ideas for Black:

1. A lot of these lines are very dangerous against an unprepared opponent.
If you play 1... e5 you MUST have a good defence against ALL these
openings.
2. In most of these openings the key move for Black to equalise is d7-d5.
Go for it. Against gambits it's often worth returning the gambit pawn to
play it.
3. There are several good ways for Black to avoid the Ruy Lopez. If you're
looking for a safe, solid defence, consider the Petroff. If you don't mind
taking a risk, try the Philidor with 3... f5.
4. If White opens the position with d4 or f4, rapid development and King
safety are of paramount importance.
THE GIUOCO PIANO
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
3. Bf1-c4 Bf8-c5
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White can now choose: a) the Giuoco Pianissimo (d3 and
Nc3) - boring as long as Black avoids castling after Bg5, b)
the modern closed system (d3 and c3), with similar ideas
to the Ruy Lopez, c) the classical Giuoco Piano (c3 and d4)
- Black can equalise easily if he knows the theory but can
lose quickly if he doesn't or d) the Evans Gambit (b4
followed by c3 and d4 when Black takes the pawn).
THE TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENCE
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
3. Bf1-c4 Ng8-f6
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Now White has a) Nc3 (not recommended: Nxe4 followed
by d5 is fine for Black, b) d3 followed by c3 or Nc3 with a
closed game, c) Ng5, trying for the Fried Liver Attack, but
in many lines Black gives up material for a strong attack
(4. Ng5 d5 5. exd5 Na5 or b5 or Nd4, NOT Nxd5), or d) d4
when Black can equalise as long as he avoids all the traps
(he must start with exd4, NOT Nxe4).
THE SCOTCH GAME
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
3. d2-d4 e5xd4
The only good move: 3... d6 4. dxe5 is better for White.
4. Nf3xd4
Or White can play c3 - the Goring Gambit or Bc4 - the
Scotch Gambit
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Now Nxd4 is a mistake, putting the White Queen on a
strong square. If you don't mind taking a risk, Qh4 is
interesting: White's best reply is Ndb5. The two main lines
are Nf6, to attack a pawn, or Bc5, to attack a knight.
THE KING'S GAMBIT
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. f2-f4
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Black can choose Bc5 (the King's Gambit Declined), d5
(the Falkbeer Counter-Gambit) or...
2... e5xf4
3. Ng1-f3
The usual move, to prevent Qh4+, although Bc4 is also
possible. Black must choose whether to hold the pawn or
challenge White in the centre. Here, g5 (to play g4 and
Qh4+: White's usual reply is h4), d5 and Be7 are good
defences, but not Bc5 because of d4.
THE VIENNA GAME
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6
The usual move, but Nc6 is also possible.
3. f2-f4
White can also play Bc4 or choose a quiet system with g3
and Bg2
3... d7-d5
The only good move. Unlike the King's Gambit, exf4 is bad
because of e5 and the Knight has to go back to g8.
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Now play usually continues 4. fxe5 Nxe4 5. Nf3 or 5. d3,
with equal chances.
A brief look at some other ideas for White: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3
Nc6 2. Nc3 Nf6 is the FOUR KNIGHTS GAME.
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Now 4. Bc4 again allows Nxe4, 4. d4 is the Scotch Four
Knights and 4. Bb5 is the Spanish Four Knights: in reply
Black should play either Bb4 (safe but boring) or Nd4, but
not a6 when White can safely take on c6 and then on e4.
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. c3 is the PONZIANI OPENING.

White intends to play d4, but either 3... d5 or 3... Nf6
equalises.
1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 is the BISHOP'S OPENING, which might

become a Giuoco Piano, Vienna Game or King's Gambit
Declined.
1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 (the best move) 3. Qxd4 is the

CENTRE GAME: Black gains time with Nc6.
1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. c3 is the DANISH GAMBIT: Black

can equalise with 3... d5 rather than taking the pawns.
Some ideas for Black after 2. Nf3: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 is
the PETROFF DEFENCE, a solid choice.
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White could play 3. Nxe5 (when Black must play 3... d6,
not Nxe4 which loses material after 4. Qe2), 3. d4 or 3.
Nc3 when Black can play 3... Bb4 or go into a Four Knights
with Nc6.
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 is the PHILIDOR DEFENCE. White

usually plays 3. d4 (Bc4 is also good), when Black can a)
play defensively with Nf6, Nbd7, c6 and Be7, b) play 3...
exd4 4. Nxd4 (Qxd4 is also good) or c) play the sharp but
risky 3... f5.
After 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3, Black could also try 2... f5 (the

LATVIAN or GRECO COUNTER-GAMBIT) or 2... d5 (the
ELEPHANT GAMBIT or QUEEN'S PAWN COUNTER GAMBIT.
They both work well if White plays passively but White can
gain an advantage if he knows how.
GIUOCO PIANO SCOTCH GAME PHILIDOR DEFENCE
OPEN VARIATION 4... Nf6 VARIATION
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 2. Ng1-f3 d7-d6
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 3. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
3. Bf1-c4 Bf8-c5 3. d2-d4 e5xd4 4. Nb1-c3 Nb8-d7
4. c2-c3 Ng8-f6 4. Nf3xd4 Ng8-f6 5. Bf1-c4 Bf8-e7
5. d2-d4 e5xd4 5. Nd4xc6 b7xc6 6. 0-0 0-0
6. c3xd4 Bc5-b4+ 6. e4-e5 Qd8-e7
GIUOCO PIANO SCOTCH GAME VIENNA GAME

MODERN CLOSED VARIATION 4... Bc5 VARIATION
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 2. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 3. f2-f4 d7-d5
3. Bf1-c4 Bf8-c5 3. d2-d4 e5xd4 4. f4xe5 Nf6xe4
4. c2-c3 Ng8-f6 4. Nf3xd4 Bf8-c5 5. Ng1-f3 Bf8-e7
5. d2-d3 d7-d6 5. Nd4-b3 Bc5-b6
6. a2-a4 a7-a6
EVANS GAMBIT GORING GAMBIT KING'S GAMBIT ACCEPTED

KIESERITZKY GAMBIT
1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 1. e2-e4 e7-e5
3. Bf1-c4 Bf8-c5 3. d2-d4 e5xd4 2. f2-f4 e5xf4
4. b2-b4 Bc5xb4 4. c2-c3 d4xc3 3. Ng1-f3 g7-g5
5. c2-c3 Bb4-a5 5. Nb1xc3 Bf8-b4 4. h2-h4 g5-g4
6. d2-d4 d7-d6 6. Bf1-c4 d7-d6 5. Nf3-e5 Ng8-f6
6. d2-d4 d7-d6
TWO KNIGHTS DEFENCE SCOTCH FOUR KNIGHTS KING'S GAMBIT ACCEPTED

4. Ng5 VARIATION 3... d5 DEFENCE
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
1. e2-e4 e7-e5 2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 2. f2-f4 e5xf4
3. Bf1-c4 Ng8-f6 4. d2-d4 e5xd4 3. Ng1-f3 d7-d5
4. Nf3-g5 d7-d5 5. Nf3xd4 Bf8-b4 4. e4xd5 Ng8-f6
5. e4xd5 Nc6-a5 6. Nd4xc6 b7xc6 5. Bf1-c4 Nf6xd5
6. Bc4-b5+ c7-c6
7. d5xc6 b7xc6
TWO KNIGHTS DEFENCE SPANISH FOUR KNIGHTS KING'S GAMBIT DECLINED

4. d4 VARIATION RUBINSTEIN VARIATION
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 2. f2-f4 Bf8-c5
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 3. Ng1-f3 d7-d6
3. Bf1-c4 Ng8-f6 3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 4. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6
4. d2-d4 e5xd4 4. Bf1-b5 Nc6-d4 5. Bf1-c4 Nb8-c6
5. 0-0 Nf6xe4 5. Bb5-a4 Bf8-c5 6. d2-d3 Bc8-g4
6. Rf1-e1 d7-d5 6. Nf3xe5 0-0
TWO KNIGHTS DEFENCE PETROFF DEFENCE DANISH GAMBIT

MAX LANGE ATTACK 3. Nxe5 VARIATION
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 2. d2-d4 e5xd4
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 2. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6 3. c2-c3 d4xc3
3. Bf1-c4 Ng8-f6 3. Nf3xe5 d7-d6 4. Bf1-c4 c3xb2
4. d2-d4 e5xd4 4. Ne5-f3 Nf6xe4 5. Bc1xb2 d7-d5
5. 0-0 Bf8-c5 5. d2-d4 d7-d5
6. e4-e5 d7-d5
7. e5xf6 d5xc4
THE RUY LOPEZ
It starts:
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
3. Bf1-b5
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WHITE SAYS:
I'm going to attack your e-pawn and prevent you
playing d5 to free your game. At the same time I'll
set up a pawn centre with d4, perhaps after playing
c3 first.
BLACK SAYS:
I'm going to defend my centre and play to reach an
equal position. I'll make sure you don't take over all
the centre and when you overreach I'll hit back and
take the advantage.
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What happens next?
The tactical battle over the next few moves revolves

around the two e-pawns. The best way to explain
this is to go through the most popular variation
move by move.
The first thing to note is that White is not yet

threatening the e-pawn. If he plays Bb5xc6 d7xc6
Nf3xe5 Black will win the pawn back with a Queen
Fork: Qd8-d4 with a good position. So Black usually
plays:
3... a7-a6
to be able to break the potential pin whenever he
chooses.
4. Bb5-a4 Ng8-f6
Black does best to wait until he's closer to castling
before playing b7-b5.
5. 0-0
Now White's King is safe he is threatening the e-
pawn.
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5... Bf8-e7
Nf6xe4 is the Open Variation: Black can take the
pawn but not keep it. Instead he plugs the e-file so
is now threatening the e-pawn.
6. Rf1-e1
White defends his e-pawn and in doing so renews
the attack on the Black e-pawn.
6... b7-b5
7. Ba4-b3 d7-d6
Now both e-pawns are safe. White continues with

c2-c3, preparing d2-d4.
Ideas for White:
1.Look for opportunities to capture safely on e5, especially
if Black's foolish enough to play d5.
2.Don't play Nb1-c3 before d2-d4. If Black plays an early
d7-d6 you can reply with d2-d4 followed by Nb1-c3.
Otherwise, play c2-c3 before d2-d4.
3.If you've played c2-c3 look for the Knight tour Nb1-d2,
f1, g3, f5 or Nb1-d2, f1, e3, d5.
4.If Black plays Bf8-c5 early on it's often worth playing
Nf3xe5 followed by d2-d4.
5.Before Black's castled you can often give up your e-
pawn to catch his King on the open e-file. Otherwise,
make sure your e-pawn is defended.
6. Learn the Noah's Ark Trap: if White takes on d4 with his
Queen: Black plays c7-c5 to hit the Queen and c5-c4 to
trap the Bishop.
Ideas for Black:

1.Make sure your e-pawn is defended at all times. In
particular, playing d7-d5 with the White Bishop on b5 or
a4 will probably allow Nf3xe5.
2.Be very careful about capturing on e4 when your King is
still in the centre: watch out for tactics on the e-file.
3.If you're playing down the main line make sure you get
the move order right.
4.In the middle game look for ways of attacking White's
centre with c7-c5 or d7-d5.
5.If you're defending the Exchange Variation keep the
Bishops if you can. Most pawn endings will be lost.
6.If you're looking for a sharp defence to e2-e4 a look at
the Schliemann Defence, 3... f7-f5.
THE STEINITZ DEFENCE
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
3. Bf1-b5 d7-d6
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Not Black's best move, but often played by those who

think the e-pawn is attacked. White should reply 4. d2-d4
when Black has a solid but cramped position. White is
already threatening d4-d5 so Black should play Bc8-d7.
White then does best to continue developing with Nb1-c3
rather than pushing the d-pawn.
THE CLASSICAL DEFENCE
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
3. Bf1-b5 Bf8-c5
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Another move you'll often meet at lower levels. White's

ideas are c2-c3 followed by d2-d4 and Nf3xe5 followed by
d2-d4, possibly preceded by 0-0. The same ideas are
possible at any time if Black plays an early Bf8-c5. Both
plans give White chances of an advantage.
THE BERLIN DEFENCE
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
3. Bf1-b5 Ng8-f6
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Another solid defence. White's usual reply is 4. 0-0,

threatening the e-pawn. Then d7-d6 is a Steinitz Defence.
Or Black can play Nf6xe4 when White can regain the pawn
at once with Rf1-e1 or play the stronger, but more
complicated, d2-d4. Black has to be careful about tactics
on the e-file.
THE EXCHANGE VARIATION
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
3. Bf1-b5 a7-a6
4. Bb5xc6 d7xc6
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A good choice for White if you like simplified positions and

endings. He could now play 5. d2-d4 e5xd4 6. Qd1xd4
Qd8xd4 7. Nf3xd4 when White will be winning the pawn
ending if Black lets him get there, or he could defend his
pawn directly with Nb1-c3 or d2-d3, or indirectly with 0-0
(the best move) and see how Black proposes to defend his
threatened e-pawn.
THE OPEN VARIATION
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
3. Bf1-b5 a7-a6
4. Bb5-a4 Ng8-f6
5. 0-0 Nf6xe4
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6. Rf1-e1 is the simplest move but play usually continues

6. d2-d4 b7-b5 (e5xd4 is too dangerous) 7. Ba4-b3 d7-d5
8. d4xe5 Bc8-e6 when Black has active piece play but his
Queen-side pawns may become weak and his King-side
looks a bit short of defenders. But it's still a good choice
for Black if he favours a tactical game.
THE CLOSED VARIATION
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
3. Bf1-b5 a7-a6
4. Bb5-a4 Ng8-f6
5. 0-0 Bf8-e7
6. Rf1-e1 b7-b5
7. Ba4-b3 0-0
8. c2-c3
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Black can sacrifice a pawn with d7-d5 (the Marshall
Gambit) or play d7-d6 (also often played on move 7).
Then White usually plays h2-h3 to prevent Bc8-g4 and
only then d2-d4.
RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ DELAYED
STEINITZ DEFENCE SCHLIEMANN DEFENCE (2) CLASSICAL DEFENCE
1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5

2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
3. Bf1-b5 d7-d6 3. Bf1-b5 f7-f5 3. Bf1-b5 a7-a6
4. d2-d4 æc8-d7 4. d2-d3 f5xe4 4. Bb5-a4 Ng8-f6
5. Nb1-c3 e5xd4 5. d3xe4 Ng8-f6 5. 0-0 Bf8-c5
6. Nf3xd4 Ng8-f6 6. 0-0 Bf8-c5 6. Nf3xe5 Nc6xe5
RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ

BIRD'S DEFENCE EXCHANGE VARIATION (1) ARCHANGELSK VARIATION
1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5

3. Bf1-b5 Nc6-d4 3. Bf1-b5 a7-a6 3. Bf1-b5 a7-a6
4. Nf3xd4 e5xd4 4. Bb5xc6 d7xc6 4. Bb5-a4 Ng8-f6
5. 0-0 c7-c6 5. 0-0 f7-f6 5. 0-0 b7-b5
6. d2-d4 e5xd4 6. Ba4-b3 Bc8-b7
7. Rf1-e1 Bf8-c5
RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ

SMYSLOV DEFENCE EXCHANGE VARIATION (2) OPEN VARIATION
1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5

3. Bf1-b5 g7-g6 3. Bf1-b5 a7-a6 3. Bf1-b5 a7-a6
4. d2-d4 e5xd4 4. Bb5xc6 d7xc6 4. Bb5-a4 Ng8-f6
5. Bc1-g5 f7-f6 5. d2-d4 e5xd4 5. 0-0 Nf6xe4
6. Bg5-h4 Bf8-g7 6. Qd1xd4 Qd8xd4 6. d2-d4 b7-b5
7. Ba4-b3 d7-d5
RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ STEINITZ DEFENCE RUY LOPEZ DOUBLE DELAYED
CLASSICAL DEFENCE DEFERRED (1) EXCHANGE VARIATION
1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5

3. Bf1-b5 Bf8-c5 3. Bf1-b5 a7-a6 3. Bf1-b5 a7-a6
4. c2-c3 Ng8-e7 4. Bb5-a4 d7-d6 4. Bb5-a4 Ng8-f6
5. 0-0 Bc5-b6 5. Ba4xc6+ b7xc6 5. 0-0 Bf8-e7
6. d2-d4 e5xd4 6. d2-d4 f7-f6 6. Ba4xc6 d7xc6
RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ STEINITZ RUY LOPEZ MARSHALL ATTACK

BERLIN DEFENCE DEFENCE DEFERRED (2)
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 3. Bf1-b5 a7-a6
3. Bf1-b5 Ng8-f6 3. Bf1-b5 a7-a6 4. Bb5-a4 Ng8-f6
4. 0-0 Nf6xe4 4. Bb5-a4 d7-d6 5. 0-0 Bf8-e7
5. d2-d4 Ne4-d6 5. c2-c3 f7-f5 6. Rf1-e1 b7-b5
6. e4xf5 Bc8xf5 7. Ba4-b3 0-0
8. c2-c3 d7-d5
RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ CLOSED DEFENCE

SCHLIEMANN DEFENCE (1) CENTRE ATTACK
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 3. Bf1-b5 a7-a6
3. Bf1-b5 f7-f5 3. Bf1-b5 a7-a6 4. Bb5-a4 Ng8-f6
4. Nb1-c3 f5xe4 4. Bb5-a4 Ng8-f6 5. 0-0 Bf8-e7
5. Nc3xe4 d7-d5 5. d2-d4 e5xd4 6. Rf1-e1 b7-b5
6. 0-0 Bf8-e7 7. Ba4-b3 d7-d6
8. c2-c3 0-0
THE FRENCH DEFENCE
It starts:
1. e2-e4 e7-e6
2. d2-d4 d7-d5
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zppzp-+pzpp'
6-+-+p+-+&
5+-+p+-+-%
4-+-zPP+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPP+-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
WHITE SAYS:
What sort of opening do you call that? You've got a
cramped position and your bishop on c8 is about as
much use as a fridge to an Eskimo!
BLACK SAYS:
Your house isn't made of bricks. It's only made of
straw. I'll attack my centre with my c-pawn, my f-
pawn and all my pieces. I'll huff and I'll puff and I'll
blow your house down!
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zppzp-+pzpp'
6-+-+p+-+&
5+-+p+-+-%
4-+-zPP+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPP+-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
White's e-pawn is attacked. What should he
do?
He could exchange it (exd5, the EXCHANGE

VARIATION), popular with wimps who want
to play safe.
He could advance it (e4-e5, the ADVANCE

VARIATION), very popular in junior chess
but Black usually does well against it.
He could defend it (Nb1-c3, the main line,

or Nb1-d2, the TARRASCH VARIATION), the
master choice.
What's the big idea?
The FRENCH DEFENCE is a battle for control

of the central dark squares: d4 and e5.
If White keeps control of these squares he

will stand better.
If Black can take over control of these

squares he will be able to advance his
centre pawns and win the game.
When White plays e5 he creates a PAWN

CHAIN.
The key moves for Black are the PAWN

BREAKS c7-c5 and f7-f6.
If you're Black play c7-c5 as soon as you

can. Play f7-f6 as soon as you can AFTER
YOU'VE CASTLED.
Ideas for White:
1.Try to get your light-squared Bishop onto the b1-h7
diagonal. Don't exchange it for Black's light squared
Bishop if you can help it.
2.If Black develops slowly try to play f2-f4 and f4-f5.
3.If Black moves out his dark-squared Bishop consider
playing Qd1-g4.
4.Don't attack Black's centre with c2-c4 (or c3-c4) while
he still has a light-squared bishop on the board.
5.If you've exchanged off your pawn on e5 try to occupy
e5 with a piece.
6.If you've exchanged off your pawn on d4 try to occupy
d4 with a piece.
Ideas for Black:

1.Play c7-c5 as soon as you can, but watch out for Nc3-b5
followed by Nb5-d6.
2.Play f7-f6 as soon as your King is safe BUT NOT
BEFORE: White may have tactics based on Bd3 and Qh5.
3.Think twice before playing either c5xd4 or c5-c4. Both
these moves are sometimes good but do take the
pressure off White's centre.
4.Consider exchanging off your light-squared Bishop by
playing b6 and Ba6.
5.Aim for exchanges to free your cramped position.
6.If the centre remains blocked start a pawn advance on
the opposite side of the board to where your King is
living.
THE ADVANCE VARIATION
1. e2-e4 e7-e6
2. d2-d4 d7-d5
3. e4-e5 c7-c5
Black attacks White's centre.
4. c2-c3 Nb8-c6
White defends his centre and Black attacks it again.
5. Ng1-f3 Qd8-b6
Attacking the b-pawn so White cannot develop his Bishop
on c1.
XABCDEFGHY
8r+l+kvlntr(
7zpp+-+pzpp'
6-wqn+p+-+&
5+-zppzP-+-%
4-+-zP-+-+$
3+-zP-+N+-#
2PzP-+-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKL+R!
xabcdefghy
Now White can choose Bf1-e2 (simple development), Bf1-
d3 (a pawn sacrifice which Black cannot take next move -
why?) or a2-a3 with the idea of b2-b4, taking the pressure
off the centre.
THE CLASSICAL VARIATION
1. e2-e4 e7-e6
2. d2-d4 d7-d5
3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6
Black attacks e4 again
4. Bc1-g5 Bf8-e7
White defends by pinning the Knight so Black unpins.
5. e4-e5 Nf6-d7
6. Bf8xe7 Qd8xe7
White exchanges off his Bad Bishop for Black's Good
Bishop
XABCDEFGH
8rsnl+k+-tr(
7zppzpnwqpzpp'
6-+-+p+-+&
5+-+pzP-+-%
4-+-zP-+-+$
3+-sN-+-+-#
2PzPP+-zPPzP"
1tR-+QmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
White's best move now is f2-f4, when Black cannot play
c7-c5 because of Nc3-b5 so can choose either a7-a6 or 0-
0, followed by c7-c5 next move.
THE STEINITZ VARIATION
1. e2-e4 e7-e6
2. d2-d4 d7-d5
3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6
4. e4-e5 Nf6-d7
In this variation White will develop his Queen's Bishop on
e3 to fight for control of d4.
5. f2-f4 c7-c5
Two important moves. White takes firm control of e5 and
Black attacks d4.
6. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
XABCDEFGHY
8r+lwqkvl-tr(
7zpp+n+pzpp'
6-+n+p+-+&
5+-zppzP-+-%
4-+-zP-zP-+$
3+-sN-+N+-#
2PzPP+-+PzP"
1tR-vLQmKL+R!
xabcdefghy
Black keeps on attacking d4 so White should now defend it
again with Bc1-e3.
THE WINAWER VARIATION
1. e2-e4 e7-e6
2. d2-d4 d7-d5
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4
Black pins the Knight on c3 and threatens to take the
pawn on e4.
4. e4-e5 c7-c5
White meets the threat by advancing his e-pawn and Black
switches his attack to d4.
5. a2-a3 Bb4xc3
6. b2xc3 Ng8-e7
Not so good is Nb8-c6 because Qd1-g4 is a strong reply.
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqk+-tr(
7zpp+-snpzpp'
6-+-+p+-+&
5+-zppzP-+-%
4-+-zP-+-+$
3zP-zP-+-+-#
2-+P+-zPPzP"
1tR-vLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
Now White can choose simple development with Ng1-f3 or
attack g7 with the aggressive Qd1-g4.
THE TARRASCH VARIATION
1. e2-e4 e7-e6
2. d2-d4 d7-d5
3. Nb1-d2 Ng8-f6
White has two good reasons for playing Nb1-d2. It stops

Black pinnning his Knight with Bf8-b4 and allows him to
support his pawn centre with c2-c3.
4. e4-e5 Nf6-d7
5. c2-c3 c7-c5
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvl-tr(
7zpp+n+pzpp'
6-+-+p+-+&
5+-zppzP-+-%
4-+-zP-+-+$
3+-zP-+-+-#
2PzP-sN-zPPzP"
1tR-vLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
White has two plans here: to defend his centre with f4, or
to exchange pawns when Black plays f6. In both cases he
usually develops his Queen's Knight on f3 and his King's
Knight on e2.
THE GREEK GIFT
Take a look at this game.
1.e2-e4 e7-e6 2.d2-d4 d7-d5 3.Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4 4.e4-e5

Ng8-e7 5.Qd1-g4 0-0 6.Ng1-f3 Nb8-d7 7.Bf1-d3 c7-c5
XABCDEFGH
8r+lwq-trk+(
7zpp+nsnpzpp'
6-+-+p+-+&
5+-zppzP-+-%
4-vl-zP-+Q+$
3+-sNL+N+-#
2PzPP+-zPPzP"
1tR-vL-mK-+R!
Xabcdefgh
8.Bd3xh7+ Kg8xh7 9.Nf3-g5+ Kh7-g8
10.Qg4-h5 Rf8-e8 11.Qh5xf7+ Kg8-h8
12.Ng5xe6 Black resigns
Everyone who plays the French Defence
with either colour must know and
understand the Bishop sacrifice on h7 - the
GREEK GIFT SACRIFICE.
FRENCH DEFENCE FRENCH DEFENCE FRENCH DEFENCE
EXCHANGE VARIATION CLASSICAL VARIATION WINAWER VARIATION 4. a3
1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6

2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 d7-d5
3. e4xd5 e6xd5 3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4
4. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6 4. Bc1-g5 Bf8-e7 4. a2-a3 Bb4xc3+
5. Bf1-d3 Bf8-d6 5. e4-e5 Nf6-d7 5. b2xc3 d5xe4
6. Bg5xe7 Qd8xe7 6. Qd1-g4 Ng8-f6
7. f2-f4 0-0 7. Qg4xg7 Rh8-g8

ADVANCE VARIATION ALEKHINE-CHATARD GAMBIT WINAWER VARIATION 4. Ne2
MAIN LINE
1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6
1. e2-e4 e7-e6 2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 d7-d5
2. d2-d4 d7-d5 3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4
3. e4-e5 c7-c5 4. Bc1-g5 Bf8-e7 4. Ng1-e2 d5xe4
4. c2-c3 Nb8-c6 5. e4-e5 Nf6-d7 5. a2-a3 Bb4-e7
5. Ng1-f3 Qd8-b6 6. h2-h4 Be7xg5 6. Nc3xe4 Ng8-f6
6. Bf1-e2 c5xd4 7. h4xg5 Qd8xg5

ADVANCE VARIATION McCUTCHEON VARIATION TARRASCH VAR. 3... Nf6 (1)
MILNER-BARRY GAMBIT
1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6
1. e2-e4 e7-e6 2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 d7-d5
2. d2-d4 d7-d5 3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 3. Nb1-d2 Ng8-f6
3. e4-e5 c7-c5 4. Bc1-g5 Bf8-b4 4. e4-e5 Nf6-d7
4. c2-c3 Nb8-c6 5. e4-e5 h7-h6 5. Bf1-d3 c7-c5
5. Ng1-f3 Qd8-b6 6. c2-c3 Nb8-c6
6. Bf1-d3 c5xd4 7. Ng1-e2 c5xd4

RUBINSTEIN VARIATION WINAWER: PAWN SNATCH TARRASCH VAR. 3... Nf6 (2)
1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6

2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 d7-d5
3. Nb1-c3 d5xe4 3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4 3. Nb1-d2 Ng8-f6
4. Nc3xe4 Nb8-d7 4. e4-e5 c7-c5 4. e4-e5 Nf6-d7
5. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6 5. a2-a3 Bb4xc3+ 5. f2-f4 c7-c5
6. Ne4xf6 Nd7xf6 6. b2xc3 Ng8-e7 6. c2-c3 Nb8-c6
7. Bf1-d3 Bf8-e7 7. Qd1-g4 Qd8-c7 7. Nd2-f3 Qd8-b6

STEINITZ VARIATION WINAWER: POSITIONAL LINE TARRASCH VAR. 3...c5 (1)
1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6

2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 d7-d5
3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4 3. Nb1-d2 c7-c5
4. e4-e5 Nf6-d7 4. e4-e5 c7-c5 4. e4xd5 e6xd5
5. f2-f4 c7-c5 5. a2-a3 Bb4xc3+ 5. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
6. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 6. b2xc3 Ng8-e7 6. Bc1-b5 Bf8-d6
7. Ng1-f3 Qd8-a5

BURN VARIATION WINAWER: FINGERSLIP LINE TARRASCH VAR. 3...c5 (2)
1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6

2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 d7-d5
3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4 3. Nb1-d2 c7-c5
4. Bc1-g5 d5xe4 4. Bc1-d2 d5xe4 4. e4xd5 Qd8xd5
5. Nc3xe4 Bf8-e7 5. Qd1-g4 Ng8-f6 5. Ng1-f3 c5xd4
6. Bg5xf6 Be7xf6 6. Qg4xg7 Rh8-g8 6. Bf1-c4 Qd5-d6
7. Ng1-f3 Nb8-d7
THE SICILIAN DEFENCE
It starts:
1. e2-e4 c7-c5
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zpp+pzppzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-zp-+-+-%
4-+-+P+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPPzP-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
WHITE SAYS:
Ha! What's that pawn doing over there? You're

giving me a free hand on the King side and I'll use it
to attack you as hard as I can by throwing my pawns
and pieces at your king.
BLACK SAYS:
You're welcome to the King side. I'm going to attack

you on the Queen side. If I can't mate you I'll take
advantage of your King side weaknesses to win the
ending.
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zpp+pzppzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-zp-+-+-%
4-+-+P+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPPzP-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
What should White do next?
The usual plan is for White to play Ng1-f3

on move 2 and d2-d4 on move 3. He will
then attack on the King side using both
pawns and pieces. Meanwhile Black has a
choice of Pawn formations: d6 and g6 (the
DRAGON formation, d6 and e6 (the
SCHEVENINGEN formation, d6 and e5 (the
BOLESLAVSKY formation).
XABCDEFGH The DRAGON formation.
8r+lwq-trk+(
Don't play e5: it blocks in your
7zpp+-zppvlp'
Bishop on g7 and weakens your
6-+nzp-snp+&
pawn on d6. Attack down the c-file
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-# and on the Q-side using pieces and
2-+-+-+-+" pawns.
1+-+-m+-+-!
Xabcdefgh
XABCDEFGH The SCHEVENINGEN formation.

8-+r+-trk+(
Black sets up a solid position in the
7+pwqlvlpzpp'
centre of the board. Attack on the
6p+nzppsn-+&
Q-side, often with your b-pawn.
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-# Look for the opportunity to play
2-+-+-+-+" d6-d5 to open up the centre.
1+-+-m+-+-!
xabcdefgh
XABCDEFGH The BOLESLAVSKY formation

8r+-+-trk+(
7+pwq-vlpzpp' The battle rages over the d5
6p+nzplsn-+& square. If White establishes a
5+-+-zp-+-% Knight on d5 he will have a big
4-+-+-+-+$ advantage. If Black plays d6-d5
3+-+-+-+-# successfully he will obtain at least
2-+-+-+-+" an equal position.
1+-+-m+-+-!
xabcdefgh
A classical attacking position for
XABCDEFGH White in the Sicilian Defence
8-+-+-+-+(
If you head for this position you
7+-+-+-+-'
won't go far wrong. Note that
6-+-+-+-+&
White has played Nd4-b3 to avoid
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+PzP-+$
3+NsN-vLL+-# exchanges and Kg1-h1 to get his
2PzPP+-+PzP" King off the open diagonal. He will
1tR-+Q+R+K! probably continue with g2-g4
xabcdefgh followed by either f4-f5 or g4-g5
with a King-side attack.The Queen
often moves from d1to e1.
A modern attacking position for
XABCDEFGH White in the Sicilian Defence.
8-+-+-+-+(
Often played against the Dragon
7+-+-+-+-'
Variation: White usually plays Bf1-
6-+-+-+-+&
c4 and not always g2-g4. Be3-h6
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-sNP+PzP$
3+-sN-vLP+-# will exchange off Black's Bishop on
2PzPPwQ-+-+" g7 and h4-h5, often as a sacrifice,
1+-mKR+L+R! will open up the h-file. White hopes
xabcdefgh to mate on h7 or h8. This set-up
can also be played against other
Black systems.
Ideas for White:
1.Don't play Bf1-b5 in the Open Sicilian - it only leads to
exchanges.
2.Don't play Nd4xc6 unless your next move is going to be
e4-e5.
3.Attack with your pawns: it's often worth sacrificing a
pawn to open lineson the King side.
4.If Black plays e7-e5 before a7-a6 it's the best reply is
usually Nd4-b5, aiming for d6.
5.In the Dragon Variation, if you play Bc1-e3 you must
either play f2-f3 or Bf1-e2 to avoid Nf6-g4, trying to
exchange off your strongest minor piece.
6. You can only play the Open Sicilian against strong
(150+) opponents if you're prepared to do a lot of work.
You may be better off learning one of the Anti-Sicilian
lines at the end of the lesson.
Ideas for Black:

1.The main idea of the Sicilian Defence is a Queen-side
attack. You should be playing moves like Qd8-c7, Ra8-
c8,l a7-a6, b7-b5.
2.Leave your e-pawn on e7 in the Dragon Variation. If
you move it you weaken d6 and on e5 it blocks in your
Bishop on g7.
3.Don't play e7-e5 if White has already played either
Bf1-c4 or Bc1-g5. Both these moves help him control
d5.
4.Don't play a7-a6 in the Dragon - it's usually too slow.
5.If your opponent throws his K-side pawns forward try
to play either d5 or e5.
6. Make sure you know how to play against the Anti-
Sicilian lines at the end of the lesson.
THE DRAGON VARIATION
1. e2-e4 c7-c5
2. Ng1-f3 d7-d6
3. d2-d4 c5xd4
4. Nf3xd4 Ng8-f6
4... g7-g6 is possible but 5. c2-c4 is a strong reply for

White.
5. Nb1-c3 g7-g6
Black prepares to develop his Bishop on g7.
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvl-tr(
7zpp+-zpp+p'
6-+-zp-snp+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-sNP+-+$
3+-sN-+-+-#
2PzPP+-zPPzP"
1tR-vLQmKL+R!
Xabcdefgh
White's main lines are now 6. Bc1-e3 Bf8-g7 7. f2-f3, the
Yugoslav Attack and 6. Bf1-e2 Bf8-g7 7. Bc1-e3, the
Classical Variation).
THE NAJDORF VARIATION
1. e2-e4 c7-c5
2. Ng1-f3 d7-d6
3. d2-d4 c5xd4
4. Nf3xd4 Ng8-f6
5. Nb1-c3 a7-a6
This is partly a waiting move: Black waits to see where

White is putting his Bishops before deciding whether to
play e7-e6 or e7-e5, and partly the start of a Queen-side
attack.
XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqkvl-tr(
7+p+-zppzpp'
6p+-zp-sn-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-sNP+-+$
3+-sN-+-+-#
2PzPP+-zPPzP"
1tR-vLQmKL+R!
xabcdefghy
White now has many good moves, Bc1-g5, Bc1-e3, Bf1-c4,
Bf2-e2, f2-f4. If he plays either Bg5 or Bc4 Black should
NOT play e7-e5.
1. e2-e4 c7-c5
2. Ng1-f3 d7-d6
3. d2-d4 c5xd4
4. Nf3xd4 Ng8-f6
5. Nb1-c3 Nb8-c6
5... e7-e6 is also possible, heading straight for the

Scheveningen formation.
XABCDEFGHY
8r+lwqkvl-tr(
7zpp+-zppzpp'
6-+nzp-sn-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-sNP+-+$
3+-sN-+-+-#
2PzPP+-zPPzP"
1tR-vLQmKL+R!
xabcdefghy
White has a similar choice of moves. Note that Black can
equally well play Nb8-c6 or e7-e6 on move 2 if he wants
to play the Scheveningen system. Each move order gives
White different options.
THE ANTI-SICILIANS
THE MORRA GAMBIT
1. e2-e4 c7-c5
2. d2-d4 c5xd4
3. c2-c3 d4xc3
4. Nb1xc3
If you like gambit play this could be for you.

White sacrifices a pawn to gain a lead in
development.
THE CLOSED SICILIAN
1. e2-e4 c7-c5
2. Nb1-c3 Nb8-c6
3. g2-g3
White will continue with Bf1-g2, d2-d3 and

f2-f4. If you like building up a King side
attack from a closed position this is a good
choice. 2. f2-f4 can lead to similar
positions.
THE ALAPIN VARIATION
1. e2-e4 c7-c5
2. c2-c3
White aims to build up a strong centre with

d2-d4. Black can reply 2... Ng8-f6 3. e4-e5
Nf6-d5 4. d2-d4, or 2... d7-d5 3. e4xd5
Qd8xd5 4. d2-d4, or 2... e7-e6 3. d2-d4 d7-
d5 when 4. e4-e5 is a French. If you like
open piece play this variation is a good
choice.
THE Bb5 VARIATION
1. e2-e4 c7-c5
2. Ng1-f3 d7-d6
3. Bf1-b5+
2... Nb8-c6 3. Bf1-b5 is also good. White

will usually play 0-0, Rf1-e1, c2-c3 and d2-
d4, like a Ruy Lopez. If you like the Ruy
Lopez why not try this line?
SICILIAN DEFENCE SICILIAN DEFENCE SICILIAN DEFENCE
DRAGON VARIATION MAROCZY BIND MOSCOW VARIATION
1. e2-e4 c7-c5 1. e2-e4 c7-c5 1. e2-e4 c7-c5

2. Ng1-f3 d7-d6 2. Ng1-f3 e7-e6 2. Ng1-f3 d7-d6
3. d2-d4 c5xd4 3. d2-d4 c5xd4 3. Bf1-b5+ Bc8-d7
4. Nf3xd4 Ng8-f6 4. Nf3xd4 a7-a6 4. Bb5xd7+ Qd8xd7
5. Nb1-c3 g7-g6 5. c2-c4 Ng8-f6 5. 0-0 Nb8-c6

NAJDORF VARIATION ACCELERATED DRAGON ALAPIN VARIATION (1)
1. e2-e4 c7-c5 1. e2-e4 c7-c5 1. e2-e4 c7-c5

2. Ng1-f3 d7-d6 2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 2. c2-c3 Ng8-f6
3. d2-d4 c5xd4 3. d2-d4 c5xd4 3. e4-e5 Nf6-d5
4. Nf3xd4 Ng8-f6 4. Nf3xd4 g7-g6 4. d2-d4 c5xd4
5. Nb1-c3 a7-a6 5. c2-c4 Bf8-g7 5. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6

RICHTER-RAUZER ATTACK SVESHNIKOV VARIATION ALAPIN VARIATION (2)
1. e2-e4 c7-c5 1. e2-e4 c7-c5 1. e2-e4 c7-c5

2. Ng1-f3 d7-d6 2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 2. c2-c3 d7-d5
3. d2-d4 c5xd4 3. d2-d4 c5xd4 3. e4xd5 Qd8xd5
4. Nf3xd4 Ng8-f6 4. Nf3xd4 Ng8-f6 4. d2-d4 e7-e6
5. Nb1-c3 Nb8-c6 5. Nb1-c3 e7-e5 5. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6
6. Bc1-g5

SOZIN-VELIMIROVIC ATTACK MORRA GAMBIT CLOSED VARIATION
1. e2-e4 c7-c5 1. e2-e4 c7-c5 1. e2-e4 c7-c5

2. Ng1-f3 d7-d6 2. d2-d4 c5xd4 2. Nb1-c3 Nb8-c6
3. d2-d4 c5xd4 3. c2-c3 d4xc3 3. g2-g3 g7-g6
4. Nf3xd4 Ng8-f6 4. Nb1xc3 Nb8-c6 4. Bf1-g2 Bf8-g7
5. Nb1-c3 Nb8-c6 5. Ng1-f3 d7-d6 5. d2-d3 d7-d6
6. Bf1-c4

SCHEVENINGEN VARIATION QUEEN CAPTURE VARIATION GRAND PRIX ATTACK (1)
1. e2-e4 c7-c5 1. e2-e4 c7-c5 1. e2-e4 c7-c5

2. Ng1-f3 e7-e6 2. Ng1-f3 d7-d6 2. f2-f4 Nb8-c6
3. d2-d4 c5xd4 3. d2-d4 c5xd4 3. Nb1-c3 d7-d6
4. Nf3xd4 Ng8-f6 4. Qd1xd4 Nb8-c6 4. Ng1-f3 g7-g6
5. Nb1-c3 d7-d6 5. Bf1-b5 Bc8-d7 5. Bf1-c4 Bf8-g7

TAIMANOV VARIATION ROSSOLIMO VARIATION GRAND PRIX ATTACK (2)
1. e2-e4 c7-c5 1. e2-e4 c7-c5 1. e2-e4 c7-c5

2. Ng1-f3 e7-e6 2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 2. f2-f4 e7-e6
3. d2-d4 c5xd4 3. Bf1-b5 g7-g6 3. Ng1-f3 d7-d5
4. Nf3xd4 Nb8-c6 4. 0-0 Bf8-g7 4. e4xd5 e6xd5
5. Nb1-c3 a7-a6 5. c2-c3 Ng8-f6 5. Bf1-b5+ Bc8-d
OTHER SEMI-OPEN GAMES
They start:
1. e2-e4
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zppzppzppzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+P+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPPzP-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
WHITE SAYS:
These openings are not so popular because they're
not so good. Whichever one you play I know how to
gain an advantage.
BLACK SAYS:
My opening's just as good as anything else. Because
it's not so popular I have less to learn and you
probably won't know very much about it.
THE CARO-KANN DEFENCE
1. e2-e4 c7-c6
2. d2-d4
If White has the chance to stick both pawns
in the middle of the board he should do so.
Only a wimp would do anything else.
2... d7-d5
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zpp+-zppzpp'
6-+p+-+-+&
5+-+p+-+-%
4-+-zPP+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPP+-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
A very solid opening, favoured by former
World Champion Anatoly Karpov. If you're
looking for a defence which is safe and easy
to learn, but not very exciting this could be
for you. As in the French Defence, Black
attacks the white e-pawn with his d-pawn.
As in the French Defence, White has three
choices: advance, exchange or defend.
3. e4-e5 is the ADVANCE VARIATION. Black
usually replies with 3... Bc8-f5 before
playing moves like e7-e6 and c6-c5.
After 3. e4xd5 c6xd5, White can develop

simply with Ng1-f3 or Bf1-d3, but more
interesting is 4. c2-c4, the PANOV-
BOTVINNIK ATTACK.
White's most popular 3rd move is Nb1-c3

when Black continues 3... d5xe4 4. Nc3xe4.
Now Black has three choices: the traditional
4... Bc8-f5, the modern 4... Nb8-d7
(Karpov's choice) or the provocative Ng8-
f6, giving White the opportunity to double
Black's pawns.
THE SCANDINAVIAN DEFENCE
1. e2-e4 d7-d5
XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zppzp-zppzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+p+-+-%
4-+-+P+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPPzP-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
xabcdefghy
Also known as the CENTRE COUNTER
DEFENCE. This opening is becoming
increasingly popular in club chess at
present. This time Black attacks the White
e-pawn at once.
2. exd5
There's no reason for White to play

anything else.
Now Black has two choices: Qd8xd5 and
Ng8-f6. After 2... Qd8xd5, White usually
replies Nb1-c3, gaining time. Black now
plays Qd5-a5, following up with Ng8-f6,
Bc8-g4 or Bc8-f5, and c7-c6, so that the
Queen has a safe retreat.
Slightly more popular is 2... Ng8-f6,

offering a gambit. After 3. c2-c4 c7-c6 (e7-
e6, the ICELANDIC GAMBIT, is also
interesting), it is too dangerous for White to
take the pawn. Instead he should play 4.
d2-d4 c6xd5, reaching the PANOV-
BOTVINNIK ATTACK in the CARO-KANN
DEFENCE. On move 3 White usually prefers
to let Black capture on d5 and then attack
the Knight. 3. d2-d4 (when 3... Bc8-g4 is
the trendy reply) and 3. Ng1-f3 are both
sensible moves.
THE PIRC DEFENCE
1. e2-e4 d7-d6<
2. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqkvl-tr(
7zppzp-zppzpp'
6-+-zp-sn-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-zPP+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPP+-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
xabcdefghy
Black plans to FIANCHETTO his King's
Bishop. His next moves will be g7-g6 and
Bf8-g7. The plan is to attack White's centre
with either c7-c5 or e7-e5, and perhaps
also advance his Queen-side Pawns. But
first White must defend his e-pawn, usually
with Nb1-c3.
White has a wide choice of set-ups here.

The two most popular are the CLASSICAL
VARIATION: White plays Ng1-f3, Bf1-e2, 0-
0 and Bc1-e3, and the AUSTRIAN ATTACK:
White plays f2-f4 and Ng1-f3, playing for an
attack in the centre with e4-e5.
A closely related opening is the MODERN
DEFENCE:
1. e2-e4 g7-g6
2. d2-d4 Bf8-g7
XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqk+ntr(
7zppzppzppvlp'
6-+-+-+p+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-zPP+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPP+-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
xabcdefghy
Here, both sides have even more choices
than in the PIRC DEFENCE. It can easily
transpose into a PIRC DEFENCE or a KING'S
INDIAN DEFENCE. If you play the King's
Indian Defence against d2-d4 it's a good
idea to play one of these openings against
e2-e4.
ALEKHINE'S DEFENCE
1. e2-e4 Ng8-f6
XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqkvl-tr(
7zppzppzppzpp'
6-+-+-sn-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+P+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPPzP-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
xabcdefghy
One of Black's most provocative defences.
Black dares White to set up a big pawn
centre while chasing his Knight round the
board. White could play Nb1-c3 but usually
chooses 2. e4-e5 Nf6-d5 3. d2-d4 d7-d6.
Now White can play ambitiously with 4. c2-
c4 Nd5-b6 5. f2-f4 or play 4. Ng1-f3,
contenting himself with a more modest
centre. If you want to play something
unusual and don't mind taking a few risks
this could be the defence for you.
NIMZOWITSCH DEFENCE
1. e2-e4 Nb8-c6
XABCDEFGHY
8r+lwqkvlntr(
7zppzppzppzpp'
6-+n+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+P+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPPzP-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
xabcdefghy
After 2. d2-d4 Black plays d7-d5 (e7-e5 is a
different idea, when White can take on e5
and attack the Knight) and as usual White
has the choice of advancing (3. e4-e5, best
met, as in the CARO-KANN with 3... Bc8-
f5), exchanging (3. e4xd5 Qd8xd5, a sort of
SCANDINAVIAN where White has to defend
e4) or defending (3. Nb1-c3 d5xe4, when
his d-pawn is threatened so he should play
4. d4-d5, not an easy move for Black to
meet).
THE ST GEORGE DEFENCE
1. e2-e4 a7-a6
2. d2-d4 b7-b5
Once used by English GM Tony Miles to beat

Karpov. Not quite as bad as it looks: Black
will follow up with Bc8-b7 (to attack the e-
pawn, which White cannot defend with Nb1-
c3 because of b5-b4), e7-e6 and c7-c5.
OWEN'S DEFENCE
1. e2-e4 b7-b6
2. d2-d4 Bc8-b7
A similar idea to the St George's Defence.

Black may follow up with e7-e6 and d7-d5
with a sort of FRENCH DEFENCE, but White
has an easy development.
CARO-KANN DEFENCE PIRC DEFENCE ALEKHINE'S DEFENCE
ADVANCE VARIATION CLASSICAL VARIATION FOUR PAWNS ATTACK
1. e2-e4 c7-c6 1. e2-e4 d7-d6 1. e2-e4 Ng8-f6

2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 Ng8-f6 2. e4-e5 Nf6-d5
3. e4-e5 Bc8-f5 3. Nb1-c3 g7-g6 3. c2-c4 Nd5-b6
4. Ng1-f3 e7-e6 4. Ng1-f3 Bf8-g7 4. d2-d4 d7-d6
5. Bf1-e2 c6-c5 5. Bf1-e2 0-0 5. f2-f4 d6xe5
6. f4xe5 Nb8-c6
CARO-KANN DEFENCE PIRC DEFENCE ALEKHINE'S DEFENCE

EXCHANGE VARIATION AUSTRIAN ATTACK MODERN VARIATION
1. e2-e4 c7-c6 1. e2-e4 d7-d6 1. e2-e4 Ng8-f6

2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 Ng8-f6 2. e4-e5 Nf6-d5
3. e4xd5 c6xd5 3. Nb1-c3 g7-g6 3. d2-d4 d7-d6
4. Bf1-d3 Nb8-c6 4. f2-f4 Bf8-g7 4. Ng1-f3 Bc8-g4
5. c2-c3 Ng8-f6 5. Ng1-f3 0-0 5. Bf1-e2 e7-e6
6. Bf1-d3 Nb8-c6 6. 0-0 Bf8-e7
CARO-KANN DEFENCE PIRC DEFENCE SCANDINAVIAN DEFENCE

PANOV-BOTVINNIK ATTACK f3+Be3 VARIATION 2... Qxd5 VARIATION
1. e2-e4 c7-c6 1. e2-e4 d7-d6 1. e2-e4 d7-d5

2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 Ng8-f6 2. e4xd5 Qd8xd5
3. e4xd5 c6xd5 3. Nb1-c3 g7-g6 3. Nb1-c3 Qd8-a5
4. c2-c4 Ng8-f6 4. f2-f3 Bf8-g7 4. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
5. Nb2-c3 e7-e6 5. Bc1-e3 c7-c6 5. Ng1-f3 Bc8-g4
6. Qd1-d2 b7-b5
CARO-KANN DEFENCE MODERN DEFENCE SCANDINAVIAN DEFENCE

Bf5 VARIATION c4 v Nc6 VARIATION 2... Nf6 VARIATION
1. e2-e4 c7-c6 1. e2-e4 g7-g6 1. e2-e4 d7-d5

2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 Bf8-g7 2. e4xd5 Ng8-f6
3. Nb1-c3 d5xe4 3. c2-c4 d7-d6 3. d2-d4 Nf6xd5
4. Nc3xe4 Bc8-f5 4. Nb1-c3 Nb8-c6 4. c2-c4 Nd5-b6
5. Ne4-g3 Bf5-g6 5. Bc1-e3 e7-e5 5. Ng1-f3 g7-g6
6. Ng1-f3 Nb8-d7 6. d4-d5 Nc6-e7
CARO-KANN DEFENCE MODERN DEFENCE NIMZOWITSCH DEFENCE

Nd7 VARIATION f4 v c6 VARIATION ADVANCE VARIATION
1. e2-e4 c7-c6 1. e2-e4 g7-g6 1. e2-e4 Nb8-c6

2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 Bf8-g7 2. d2-d4 d7-d5
3. Nb1-c3 d5xe4 3. Nb1-c3 d7-d6 3. e4-e5 Bc8-f5
4. Nc3xe4 Nb8-d7 4. f2-f4 c7-c6 4. Ng1-e2 e7-e6
5. Bf1-c4 Ng8-f6 5. Ng1-f3 Bc8-g4 5. Ne2-g3 Bf5-g6
6. Ne4-g5 e7-e6 6. Bc1-e3 Qd8-b6
CARO-KANN DEFENCE MODERN DEFENCE NIMZOWITSCH DEFENCE

Nf6 VARIATION GURGENIDZE SYSTEM Nc3 VARIATION
1. e2-e4 c7-c6 1. e2-e4 g7-g6 1. e2-e4 Nb8-c6

2. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. d2-d4 Bf8-g7 2. d2-d4 d7-d5
3. Nb1-c3 d5xe4 3. Nb1-c3 c7-c6 3. Nb1-c3 d5xe4
4. Nc3xe4 Ng8-f6 4. f2-f4 d7-d5 4. d4-d5 Nc6-e5
5. Ne4xf6 g7xf6 5. e4-e5 h7-h5 5. Bc1-f4 Ne5-g6
6. Bf4-g3 f7-f5
THE QUEEN'S GAMBIT
It starts:
1. d2-d4 d7-d5
2. c2-c4
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zppzp-zppzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+p+-+-%
4-+PzP-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzP-+PzPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
WHITE SAYS:
I'm going to attack in the centre and on the Queen
side. I'm trying to get rid of your centre pawn and
open the c-file for my major pieces. If you're not
careful I might switch to the King-side as well.
BLACK SAYS:
I'm going to hold onto the centre with my pawns and
equalise by playing either c5 or e5 at the right time.
If you attack me on the Queen side I'll attack you on
the King side.
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zppzp-zppzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+p+-+-%
4-+PzP-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzP-+PzPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
What should Black do next?
White is threatening to take on d5. If Black

takes with the Queen White will gain time
with Nb1-c3. Black has three good moves:
he can DECLINE the gambit with 2... e7-e6,
the ORTHODOX DEFENCE or c7-c6, the
SLAV DEFENCE, or he can play the QUEEN'S
GAMBIT ACCEPTED: 2... d5xc4. Don't play
2... Ng8-f6. This is a poor move. White
plays 2. c4xd5 and whichever way Black
recaptures his piece will be open to attack
by e2-e4.
What's the big idea?
First, note the difference between e-pawn

and d-pawn openings. In most openings
starting 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 White tries to play
d2-d4. This is usually quite easy to arrange
because he has a Queen to support his d-
pawn. But after 1. d2-d4 d7-d5 it takes a
lot longer to arrange e2-e4 so White prefers
to fight for the centre with his c-pawn
instead.
Black has to watch out for two things:

firstly that he keeps control of the centre
with his pawns (especially in the Queen's
Gambit Accepted) and secondly that he
does not become too cramped. He must
play to free his game with either c7-c5 or
e7-e5 as soon as he can.
Ideas for White:
1. Use the c-file for your major pieces.
2. The best square for your King's Bishop is usually d3.
3. If Black develops his Queen's Bishop early on it's usually
good to play Qd1-b3.
4. Don't play c4-c5 unless your opponent has already played
a7-a6. It takes the pressure off his centre and offers his
pawn breaks with b7-b6 and e6-e5.
5. Try to make it as hard as possible for Black to free his game
with either c7-c5 or e7-e5.
6. If you have an isolated Queen's Pawn or hanging pawns
stay in the middle game: if your opponent has them head for
the ending. You need to understand these pawn formations.
Ideas for Black:

1.Don't develop your Queen's Knight on c6 in front of
the c-pawn.
2.If you accept the Queen's Gambit don't try to keep the
extra pawn. Hit back in the centre with c7-c5 or e7-e5
as soon as you possibly can.
3.Try to avoid being left with a bad Queen's Bishop,
blocked in by its own pawns.
4.Don't put your Queen on c7. White will put a Rook on
c1 giving him tactical chances.
5.If your opponent attacks on the Queen side try to
attack on the King side. Look for moves like Nf6-e4
and f7-f5.
6. It's often dangerous to develop your Queen's Bishop
early on: White can reply with Qd1-b3 attacking d5
and b7.
xABCDEFGH White has an Isolated Queen's Pawn.
8-+-+-+-+( White's plans:
7zpp+-+pzpp' 1. Avoid exchanges.
2. Play for a K-side attack (one idea
is Bg5, Qd3, Bc2 to threaten Bxf6 and
6-+-+p+-+&
5+-+-+-+-% Qxh7#).
3. Look for a breakthrough with d5.
4-+-zP-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-# Black's plans:
2PzP-+-zPPzP" 1. Keep control of d5.
2. Exchange pieces whenever
1+-+-+-+-! possible.
xabcdefghy 3. Head for an ending, ideally with
Knight against dark-squared Bishop.
xABCDEFGH White has Hanging Pawns.

8-+-+-+-+( White's plans:
7zpp+-+pzpp'
1. Avoid exchanges.
2. Don't play c5: it gives B an outpost
6-+-+p+-+&
5+-+-+-+-% on d5.
3. Use your spatial advantage to
4-+PzP-+-+$ attack.
3+-+-+-+-#
2P+-+-zPPzP" Black's plans:
1. Try to force exchanges.
1+-+-+-+-! 2. Attack the Hanging Pawns and try
xabcdefghy to force them to advance.
3. Look for the chance to play b5.
THE EXCHANGE VARIATION
1. d2-d4 d7-d5
2. c2-c4 e7-e6
3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6
4. c4xd5 e6xd5
5. Bc1-g5 Bf8-e7
6. e2-e3 c7-c6
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqk+-tr(
7zpp+-vlpzpp'
6-+p+-sn-+&
5+-+p+-vL-%
4-+-zP-+-+$
3+-sN-zP-+-#
2PzP-+-zPPzP"
1tR-+QmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
White follows up with Bf1-d3 and Qd1-c2 when he has two
good plans: Ng1-f3, 0-0, Ra1-b1, b2-b4 and b4-b5 (a
MINORITY ATTACK, leaving Black with a backward c-pawn
or an isolated d-pawn) or Ng1-e2, 0-0, f2-f3 playing for a
central advance with e3-e4.
THE CAMBRIDGE SPRINGS VARIATION
1. d2-d4 d7-d5
2. c2-c4 e7-e6
3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6
4. Bc1-g5 Nb8-d7
Setting a trap: if 5. c4xd5 e6xd5 6. Nc3xd5, Black wins a

piece with 6... Nf6xd5! 7. Bg5xd8 Bf8-b4+ 8. Qd1-d2
Bb4xd2+.
5. e2-e3 c7-c6
6. Ng1-f3 Qd8-a5
XABCDEFGHY
8r+l+kvl-tr(
7zpp+n+pzpp'
6-+p+psn-+&
5wq-+p+-vL-%
4-+PzP-+-+$
3+-sN-zPN+-#
2PzP-+-zPPzP"
1tR-+QmKL+R!
xabcdefghy
Black will follow up with Nf6-e4 and Bf8-b4 when White
can easily lose a piece if he's not careful.
SOME OTHER IDEAS:
The ORTHODOX DEFENCE
1. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. c2-c4 e7-e6 3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 4. Bc1-g5

Bf8-e7. White's 4th move threatens 5. Bg5xf6 when if
Black takes with the Queen he loses his d-pawn and if he
takes with the pawn his King side pawn structure is ruined.
5. e2-e3 0-0 6. Ng1-f3
XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwq-trk+(
7zppzp-vlpzpp'
6-+-+psn-+&
5+-+p+-vL-%
4-+PzP-+-+$
3+-sN-zPN+-#
2PzP-+-zPPzP"
1tR-+QmKL+R!
xabcdefghy
and Black can play either 6... Nb8-d7 or 6... h7-h6 7. Bg5-
h4 Nf6-e4 or 7... b7-b6.
The TARRASCH DEFENCE
1. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. c2-c4 e7-e6 3. Nb1-c3 c7-c5. Black

strives for free play for his pieces, at the cost of an
isolated d-pawn after 4. c4xd5 e6xd5 (Nf6xd5 is the SEMI-
TARRASCH DEFENCE) and White will play d4xc5 after
Black moves his Bishop.
The SLAV DEFENCE
1. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. c2-c4 c7-c6.

XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zpp+-zppzpp'
6-+p+-+-+&
5+-+p+-+-%
4-+PzP-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzP-+PzPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
xabcdefghy
This move has two points: after d5xc4 Black is threatening
b7-b5 to try to hold the extra pawn, and if White plays
Bc1-g5 the Knight will not be pinned and Nf6-e4 will be
possible. Play might continue 3. Ng1-f3 (3. c4xd5 is safe
but boring) 3... Ng8-f6 4. Nb1-c3 d5xc4 5. a2-a4 to
prevent b7-b5, followed by e2-e3 and Bf1xc4.
The QUEEN'S GAMBIT ACCEPTED
1. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. c2-c4 d7xc5. White has several good

moves: 3. Ng1-f3 (followed by e2-e3 and Bf1xc4) and 3.
e2-e4 are both popular, or he can set a trap with 3. e2-e3
and if 3... b7-b5 4. a2-a4 c7-c6 5. a4xb5 c6xb5 6. Qd1-f3
wins a piece.
The SEMI-SLAV DEFENCE
Very popular in Grandmaster chess at present. Black plays

both e7-e6 and c7-c6. For instance: 1. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. c2-
c4 c7-c6 3. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6 4. Nb1-c3 e7-e6 5. Bc1-g5 (5.
e2-e3, the MERAN VARIATION, is also popular) 5... d5xc4
6. e2-e4 b7-b5 7. e4-e5 h7-h6 with wild complications.
XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqkvl-tr(
7zp-+-+pzp-'
6-+p+psn-zp&
5+p+-zP-vL-%
4-+pzP-+-+$
3+-sN-+N+-#
2PzP-+-zPPzP"
1tR-+QmKL+R!
Xabcdefgh
QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED
ORTHODOX DEFENCE VIENNA VARIATION SLAV DEFENCE
CZECH VARIATION
1. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. c2-c4 e7-e6
2. c2-c4 e7-e6 3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 1. d2-d4 d7-d5
3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 4. Ng1-f3 Bf8-b4 2. c2-c4 c7-c6
4. Bc1-g5 Bf8-e7 5. Bc1-g5 d5xc4 3. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6
5. e2-e3 0-0 6. e2-e4 c7-c5 4. Nb1-c3 d5xc4
6. Ng1-f3 Nb8-d7 5. a2-a4 Bc8-f5
QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED

LASKER VARIATION SEMI-TARRASCH DEFENCE SLAV DEFENCE
EXCHANGE VARIATION
1. d2-d4 d7-d5 1. d2-d4 d7-d5
2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6 1. d2-d4 d7-d5
3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 2. c2-c4 c7-c6
4. Bc1-g5 Bf8-e7 4. Ng1-f3 c7-c5 3. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6
5. e2-e3 0-0 5. c4xd5 Nf6xd5 4. c4xd5 c6xd5
6. Ng1-f3 h7-h6 5. Nb1-c3 Nb8-c6
7. Bg5-h4 Nf6-e4
QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED QUEEN'S GAMBIT ACCEPTED

TARTAKOWER VARIATION EXCHANGE VARIATION MAIN LINE
1. d2-d4 d7-d5 1. d2-d4 d7-d5 1. d2-d4 d7-d5

2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 d5xc4
3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 3. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6
4. Bc1-g5 Bf8-e7 4. c4xd5 e6xd5 4. e2-e3 e7-e6
5. e2-e3 0-0 5. Bc1-g5 Bf8-e7 5. Bf1xc4 c7-c5
6. Ng1-f3 h7-h6 6. e2-e3 c7-c6 6. 0-0 a7-a6
7. Bg5-h4 b7-b6
QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED QUEEN'S GAMBIT ACCEPTED

BISHOP EXCHANGE LINE TARRASCH DEFENCE e4 VARIATION
1. d2-d4 d7-d5 1. d2-d4 d7-d5 1. d2-d4 d7-d5

2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 d5xc4
3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 3. Nb1-c3 c7-c5 3. e2-e4 e7-e5
4. Bc1-g5 Bf8-e7 4. c4xd5 e6xd5 4. Ng1-f3 Bf8-b4+
5. e2-e3 0-0 5. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 5. Bc1-d2 Bb4xd2+
6. Ng1-f3 h7-h6 6. g2-g3 Ng8-f6
7. Bg5xf6 Be7xf6
QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED QUEEN'S GAMBIT

Bf4 VARIATION SEMI-SLAV DEFENCE CHIGORIN DEFENCE
MERAN VARIATION
1. d2-d4 d7-d5 1. d2-d4 d7-d5
2. c2-c4 e7-e6 1. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. c2-c4 Nb8-c6
3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 2. c2-c4 c7-c6 3. Ng1-f3 Bc8-g4
4. Ng1-f3 Bf8-e7 3. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6 4. c4xd5 Bg4xf3
5. Bc1-f4 0-0 4. Nb1-c3 e7-e6 5. d5xc6 Bf3xc6
5. e2-e3 Nb8-d7
6. Bf1-d3 d5xc4
7. Bd3xc4 b7-b5
QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED QUEEN'S GAMBIT

CAMBRIDGE SPRINGS SEMI-SLAV DEFENCE ALBIN COUNTER-GAMBIT
DEFENCE BOTVINNIK VARIATION
1. d2-d4 d7-d5
1. d2-d4 d7-d5 1. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. c2-c4 e7-e5
2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 c7-c6 3. d4xe5 d5-d4
3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 3. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6 4. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6
4. Bc1-g5 Nb8-d7 4. Nb1-c3 e7-e6 5. g2-g3 Bc8-e6
5. e2-e3 c7-c6 5. Bc1-g5 d5xc4
6. Ng1-f3 Qd8-a5 6. e2-e4 b7-b5
THE NIMZO-INDIAN DEFENCE
It starts:
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
2. c2-c4 e7-e6
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqk+-tr(
7zppzpp+pzpp'
6-+-+psn-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-vlPzP-+-+$
3+-sN-+-+-#
2PzP-+PzPPzP"
1tR-vLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
WHITE SAYS:
If you want to put your Bishop there it's fine by me. You'll probably have to
exchange it off when I'll have the advantage of the two bishops. I'll play to
control e4 and open up the position for my bishops. Who knows, I might
even have the chance of a King-side attack.
BLACK SAYS:
I'm quite happy to exchange off my Bishop for your Knight to keep control
of e4. I'd like to double your pawns at the same time, giving me a
positional advantage. I might keep the position closed so that my knights
are better than your bishops, or I might open the position to attack your
weak pawns. If you avoid doubled c-pawns I'll have a lead in development
and perhaps catch your King in the centre.
In this lesson we look at three openings
starting 1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6. In
these openings the immediate battle is for
the e4 square. White's most direct third
move is Nb1-c3, with the threat of e2-e4,
dominating the centre. Now Black can
contest the e4 square by playing Bf8-b4,
PINNING the Knight. This is the NIMZO-
INDIAN DEFENCE, named after Aron
Nimzowitsch.
White can avoid the pin by playing 3. Ng1-

f3 instead. Here we look at two moves for
Black. He can still play 3... Bf8-b4+, the
BOGO-INDIAN DEFENCE, named after Efim
Bogoljubov. Or he can fianchetto his
Queen's Bishop - 3… b7-b6 - which is the
QUEEN'S INDIAN DEFENCE.
Returning to the Nimzo-Indian Defence:
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqk+-tr(
7zppzpp+pzpp'
6-+-+psn-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-vlPzP-+-+$
3+-sN-+-+-#
2PzP-+PzPPzP"
1tR-vLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
What should White do next?
He has a wide choice of moves here. Most

players, meeting this opening for the first
time, choose 4. Bc1-d2. This isn't a strong
move - the Bishop is passively placed here.
You don't need to be afraid of the pin in this
position. More dangerous are: 4. Bc1-g5
(the Leningrad Variation, when play often
continues 4… c7-c5 5. d4-d5 h7-h6, 4. a2-
a3 (the Saemisch Variation, White is
prepared to waste a move forcing Black to
exchange on c3), 4. f2-f3 (the Shirov
Variation - White plays for a quick e2-e4 at
the expense of development), 4. Qd1-b3
(the Spielmann Variation, attacking the
Bishop and avoiding doubled pawns), 4. g2-
g3 (the Romanishin Variation, similar to the
Catalan Opening, White goes for a quiet
King-side development) and 4. Ng1-f3
(when Black can play b7-b6, a cross
between a Nimzo and a Queen's Indian).
But the most popular moves for White are

4. e2-e3 and 4. Qd1-c2. 4. e2-e3 is the
Rubinstein Variation - White prepares to
develop his King-side quickly. 4. Qd1-c2 is
the Classical Variation - White controls e4
again and plans to avoid doubled pawns by
capturing on c3 with his Queen.
Ideas for White:
1.If you want to avoid doubled pawns you can play Qd1-
c2 or Ng1-e2.
2.If Black exchanges on c3 and you recapture with the
b-pawn, aim to open up the position and attack on the
King-side. A useful idea for White is Ng2-e2, f2-f3
followed by e3-e4.
3.Don't develop your Queen's Bishop on d2 - it's not a
good square in this opening.
4.If you play Qd2-c2 avoid getting too far behind in
development. White's long-term chances are good but
it's possible to lose quickly.
5. If Black plays d7-d5 and c7-c5 positions often
resemble the Queen's Gambit. Make sure you know
that opening as well.
Ideas for Black:

1.In most lines you will use your c-pawn to attack the
centre - c7-c5. You have the choice between d7-d5
and d7-d6.
2.If you play d7-d6 and your opponent has doubled c-
pawns you can play Qd8-a5, b7-b6, Bc8-a6, Ra8-c8 to
attack the c4 pawn.
3.If you double White's c-pawns and he plays e4, play
Nf6-e8 to meet f2-f4 with f7-f5, blocking his attack.
4.If White has the two bishops, try to keep the position
fairly closed.
5. If you play d7-d5 and c7-c5 the pawn formation is like
the Queen's Gambit - either player may have an IQP
or Hanging Pawns - so learn that opening as well.
THE RUBINSTEIN VARIATION
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
2. c2-c4 e7-e6
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4
4. e2-e3
XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqk+-tr(
7zppzpp+pzpp'
6-+-+psn-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-vlPzP-+-+$
3+-sN-zP-+-#
2PzP-+-zPPzP"
1tR-vLQmKLsNR!
xabcdefghy
Black has a choice of four moves here: b7-
b6 (to play Bc8-b7 to control e4 again), c7-
c5 (with the idea of taking on c3 and
playing d7-d6), d7-d5 (like a Queen's
Gambit) or 0-0 (the main line). White will
usually develop his King's Bishop on d3 and
his King's Knight either on f3 or e2 (to
capture on c3 with a Knight and perhaps
play f2-f3 and e3-e4).
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
2. c2-c4 e7-e6
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4
4. Qd1-c2
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqk+-tr(
7zppzpp+pzpp'
6-+-+psn-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-vlPzP-+-+$
3+-sN-+-+-#
2PzPQ+PzPPzP"
1tR-vL-mKLsNR!
xabcdefghy
Here, Black has three main choices. The
most popular move is 0-0, when play
usually continues 5. a2-a3 Bb4xc3+ 6.
Qc2xc3. Black can also play d7-d5, again
usually met by either c4xd5 or a2-a3, or
c7-c5, when White usually plays d4xc5.
THE BOGO-INDIAN DEFENCE
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
2. c2-c4 e7-e6
3. Ng1-f3 Bf8-b4+
XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqk+-tr(
7zppzpp+pzpp'
6-+-+psn-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-vlPzP-+-+$
3+-+-+N+-#
2PzP-+PzPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKL+R!
xabcdefghy
White has two moves here: Bc1-d2 and
Nb1-d2 (Nb1-c3 would be a Nimzo-Indian
Defence). After Bc1-d2, Black can exchange
Bishops, but more often defends with one of
Qd8-e7, c7-c5 or a7-a5. The idea of Nb1-d2
is to follow up with a2-a3, to win Bishop for
Knight.
THE QUEEN'S INDIAN DEFENCE
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
2. c2-c4 e7-e6
3. Ng1-f3 b7-b6
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvl-tr(
7zp-zpp+pzpp'
6-zp-+psn-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+PzP-+-+$
3+-+-+N+-#
2PzP-+PzPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKL+R!
Xabcdefgh
Black plans to fianchetto his Queen's Bishop

to continue the battle for the e4 square.
White's most popular reply is g2-g3, to
oppose Bishops on the long diagonal. Black
can then simply play Bc8-b7 or try Bc8-a6
to attack the pawn on c4. White can also try
the strange looking move a2-a3, the
Petrosian System. The idea of this move is
that White would like to block off the Bishop
with d4-d5, but first prevents the nasty pin
Bf8-b4. So play usually continues 4… Bc8-
b7 5. Nb1-c3 d7-d5 with a position rather
like a Queen's Gambit. White can also try
simple development with 4. e2-e3 followed
by Bf1-d3 and 0-0, or play Nb1-c3 followed
by Bc1-g5, a line half way between a
Queen's Indian and a Nimzo-Indian.
A note on other third moves after 1. d2-d4

Ng8-f6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6 3. Nb1-c3 or Ng1-f3.
Black can of course play d7-d5, with a
QUEEN'S GAMBIT, or c7-c5, when White
usually plays d4-d5 with a BENONI (see the
King's Indian Defence book). One
independent opening is 3. Ng1-f3 c7-c5 4.
d4-d5 b7-b5, the BLUMENFELD GAMBIT, a
cousin of the Benko Gambit.
NIMZO-INDIAN DEFENCE NIMZO-INDIAN DEFENCE QUEEN'S INDIAN DEFENCE
RUBINSTEIN VARIATION SAEMISCH VARIATION CLASSICAL VARIATION 2
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6 1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6 1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6

2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4 3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4 3. Ng1-f3 b7-b6
4. e2-e3 0-0 4. a2-a3 Bb4xc3+ 4. g2-g3 Bc8-a6
5. Bf1-d3 d7-d5 5. b2xc3 c7-c5 5. b2-b3 Bf8-b4+
6. Ng1-f3 c7-c5 6. e2-e3 Nb8-c6 6. Bc1-d2 Bb4-e7

HUEBNER VARIATION SHIROV VARIATION PETROSIAN VARIATION 1

2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6
4. e2-e3 c7-c5 4. f2-f3 d7-d5 4. a2-a3 Bc8-b7
5. Bf1-d3 Nb8-c6 5. a2-a3 Bb4xc3+ 5. Nb1-c3 d7-d5
6. Ng1-f3 Bb4xc3+ 6. b2xc3 c7-c5 6. c4xd5 e6xd5
7. b2xc3 d7-d6

NIMZOWITSCH VARIATION ROMANISHIN VARIATION PETROSIAN VARIATION 2

2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6
4. e2-e3 b7-b6 4. g2-g3 c7-c5 4. a2-a3 Bc8-b7
5. Bf1-d3 Bc8-b7 5. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 5. Nb1-c3 d7-d5
6. Ng1-f3 Nf6-e4 6. Bf1-g2 Nf6-e4 6. c4xd5 Nf6xd5

CLASSICAL VARIATION 1 LENINGRAD VARIATION 4. e3 VARIATION

2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6
4. Qd1-c2 0-0 4. Bc1-g5 c7-c5 4. e2-e3 Bc8-b7
5. a2-a3 Bb4xc3+ 5. d4-d5 h7-h6 5. Bf1-d3 d7-d5
6. Qc2xc3 b7-b6 6. Bg5-h4 d7-d6 6. 0-0 Bf8-d6
7. e2-e3 Bb4xc3+
NIMZO-INDIAN DEFENCE NIMZO-INDIAN DEFENCE BOGO-INDIAN DEFENCE

CLASSICAL VARIATION 2 NIMZO-QUEENS HYBRID 4. Bd2 VARIATION

2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4 3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4 3. Ng1-f3 Bf8-b4+
4. Qd1-c2 c7-c5 4. Ng1-f3 b7-b6 4. Bc1-d2 Qd8-e7
5. d4xc5 Nb8-a6 5. Bc1-g5 Bc8-b7 5. g2-g3 0-0
6. a2-a3 Bb4xc3+ 6. e2-e3 h7-h6 6. Bf1-g2 Bb4xd2+
7. Qc2xc3 Na6xc5 7. Bg5-h4 g7-g5
NIMZO-INDIAN DEFENCE QUEEN'S INDIAN DEFENCE BOGO-INDIAN DEFENCE

SPIELMANN VARIATION CLASSICAL VARIATION 1 4. Nbd2 VARIATION

2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6 2. c2-c4 e7-e6
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4 3. Ng1-f3 b7-b6 3. Ng1-f3 Bf8-b4+
4. Qd1-b3 c7-c5 4. g2-g3 Bc8-b7 4. Nb1-d2 b7-b6
5. d4xc5 Nb8-c6 5. Bf1-g2 Bf8-e7 5. a2-a3 Bb4xd2+
6. Ng1-f3 Nf6-e4 6. 0-0 0-0 6. Bc1xd2 Bc8-b7
7. Nb1-c3 Nf6-e4
THE KING'S INDIAN DEFENCE
It starts:
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
2. c2-c4 g7-g6
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-g7
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqk+-tr(
7zppzppzppvlp'
6-+-+-snp+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+PzP-+-+$
3+-sN-+-+-#
2PzP-+PzPPzP"
1tR-vLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
WHITE SAYS:
Fine! If you want to give me more space I'll take it.

Attack me on either side of the board. See if I care.
I'll refute your attack and crush you to death. My
space advantage will be decisive.
BLACK SAYS:
Go ahead and make my day. Build up a big pawn

centre if you choose. The bigger you build it the
more I'll like it. I'll attack it with e5 or c5 and smash
it to pieces with the help of my g7 Bishop.
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqk+-tr(
7zppzppzppvlp'
6-+-+-snp+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+PzP-+-+$
3+-sN-+-+-#
2PzP-+PzPPzP"
1tR-vLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
What happens next?
White will usually continue with e2-e4,

accepting Black's challenge to build up a
pawn centre. Black will play d7-d6, 0-0 and
then either e7-e5 or c7-c5, depending on
which set-up White chooses.
Then White will have the choice of

exchanging (wimpish), pushing with d4-d5
or waiting to see if Black will exchange
pawns on d4. In most games White plays
d4-d5 either at once or soon afterwards.
A typical pawn formation in the
xABCDEFGH
8-+-+-+ +( King's Indian Defence after Black
has played e7-e5 and White has
7zppzp-+p+p' replied d4-d5.
6-+-zp-+p+&
5+-+Pzp-+-% Black's PAWN BREAK is f7-f5 to
which White will often reply f2-f3 if
4-+P+P+-+$ he has not already played that
3+-+-+P+-# move. One plan for Black is f5-f4
and a King-side pawn storm. White
2PzP-+-+PzP" will play for c4-c5 followed by a
1+-+-+ +-! major piece invasion on the c-file
or an ending where Black has a
xabcdefghy bad dark squares Bishop.
xABCDEFGH
8-+-+-+-+( A typical pawn formation in the
King's Indian Defence (or Benoni)
7zpp+-zpp+p' after Black has played c7-c5 and
6-+-zp-+p+& White has replied d4-d5.
5+-zpP+-+-% Here Black's PAWN BREAKS are
4-+P+P+-+$ e7-e6, playing in the centre, and
3+-+-+-+-# b7-b5, which can sometimes be
played as a pawn sacrifice, playing
2PzP-+-zPPzP" on the Queen side. White's PAWN
1+-+-+ +-! BREAK is e4-e5, which will usually
be preceded by f2-f4.
xabcdefghy
Ideas for White:
1.If you close the centre with d4-d5 go for your PAWN
BREAK as quickly and efficiently as you can.
2.If you've played d4-d5 don't close the position on the
side of the board where you're attacking.
3.Where Black has played e7-e5 and you've played d4-
d5 head for an ending where Black has a bad dark
squared bishop.
4.If you have a space advantage try to avoid exchanges.
5.In some positions you can meet f7-f5 with e4xf5, but
make sure Black cannot activate his g7 Bishop.
6. If you're playing Bc1-e3 and Qd1-d2 make sure you
have a pawn on f3 or h3 to prevent Ng4.
Ideas for Black:

1.If White closes the centre with d4-d5 go for your
PAWN BREAK as quickly and efficiently as you can.
2.If White has played d4-d5 don't close the position on
the side of the board where you're attacking.
3.If White plays e4xf5 it's nearly always right to
recapture with your g-pawn, not with a piece.
4.After e4xf5 g6xf5 consider a pawn sacrifice to activate
your g6 Bishop.
5.If White plays f2-f3 in reply to f7-f5 throw your g- and
h-pawns down the board. Be prepared to sac a piece
to break down his defences.
6. If White plays Bc1-e3 in the opening the best reply, if
it doesn't lose a piece, is Nf6-g4.
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
2. c2-c4 g7-g6
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-g7
4. e2-e4 d7-d6
5. Ng1-f3 0-0
6. Bf1-e2 e7-e5
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwq-trk+(
7zppzp-+pvlp'
6-+-zp-snp+&
5+-+-zp-+-%
4-+PzPP+-+$
3+-sN-+N+-#
2PzP-+LzPPzP"
1tR-vLQmK-+R!
Xabcdefgh
White's most popular set-up and an
important tactical point. If 7. d4xe5 d6xe5
8. Nf3xe5, Black regains the pawn with a
good position after Nf6xe4! (unmasking the
g7 Bishop). The main line continues 7. 0-0
Nb8-c6 8. d4-d5 Nc6-e7. Other 7th moves
are d4-d5 and 7. Bc1-e3. 7. d4xe5 is
playable but boring.
THE SAEMISCH VARIATION
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
2. c2-c4 g7-g6
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-g7
4. e2-e4 d7-d6
5. f2-f3 0-0
XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwq-trk+(
7zppzp-zppvlp'
6-+-zp-snp+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+PzPP+-+$
3+-sN-+P+-#
2PzP-+-+PzP"
1tR-vLQmKLsNR!
xabcdefghy
A strong and solid variation for White. In
addition to his usual plans he has the idea
of a King-side attack with Bc1-e3, Qd1-d2,
0-0-0, h2-h4, g2-g4, h4, Be3-h6 as in the
Sicilian Dragon. Possible moves for Black
after the usual 6. Bc1-e3 are the immediate
6. e7-e5 and 6. Nb8-c6, followed by a7-a6,
perhaps Ra8-b8 and/or Rf8-e8 followed by
either b7-b5 or e7-e5.
THE FOUR PAWNS ATTACK
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
2. c2-c4 g7-g6
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-g7
4. e2-e4 d7-d6
5. f2-f4 0-0
XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwq-trk+(
7zppzp-zppvlp'
6-+-zp-snp+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+PzPPzP-+$
3+-sN-+-+-#
2PzP-+-+PzP"
1tR-vLQmKLsNR!
xabcdefghy
White's most aggressive formation. After
the usual 6. Ng1-f3 Black's safest line is 6...
c7-c5, and if 7. d4-d5, e7-e6 attacking
White's big centre immediately. This line
can be very dangerous if Black doesn't
know how to meet it, but other, slightly less
ambitious variations give White more
chance of a lasting advantage.
THE FIANCHETTO VARIATION
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
2. c2-c4 g7-g6
3. Ng1-f3 Bf8-g7
4. g2-g3 d7-d6
5. Bf1-g2 0-0
XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwq-trk+(
7zppzp-zppvlp'
6-+-zp-snp+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+PzP-+-+$
3+-+-+NzP-#
2PzP-+PzPLzP"
1tRNvLQmK-+R!
xabcdefghy
A safe line for White, slightly less ambitious
than the others we've looked at. White
develops his King side quietly without over-
committing himself in the centre. After 6. 0-
0 Black can play Nb8-d7 to prepare e7-e5,
the immediate c7-c5 or Nb8-c6.
There are several openings in which Black
plays an early c7-c5, following up with g7-
g6 and Bf8-g7 if White, as he usually does,
plays d4-d5.
The most popular of these is the MODERN

BENONI, which starts 1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6 2.
c2-c4 c7-c5 3. d4-d5 e7-e6 4. Nb1-c3
e6xd5 5. c4xd5 d7-d6, followed by g7-g6
and Bf8-g7 with play on the long diagonal,
the e-file and the Queen side (with the
pawn break b7-b5).
XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqkvl-tr(
7zpp+-+pzpp'
6-+-zp-sn-+&
5+-zpP+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-sN-+-+-#
2PzP-+PzPPzP"
1tR-vLQmKLsNR!
xabcdefgh
A related opening is the BENKO GAMBIT,
where Black sacrifices a pawn to get his
pawn break in at once: 1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6 2.
c2-c4 c7-c5 3.d4-d5 b7-b5, and if 4. c4xb5,
a7-a6 with open lines on the Queen side for
the major pieces and a strong Bishop on g7.
An opening which starts like the King's

Indian Defence but is based on a very
different idea is the GRUENFELD DEFENCE.
After 1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6 2. c2-c4 g7-g6 3.
Nb1-c3 Black plays d7-d5. The main line
continues 4. c4xd5 Nf6xd5 5. e2-e4 Nd5xc3
6. b2xc3 Bf8-g7 when White's centre looks
very strong but Black plans to attack it with
c7-c5.
XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqk+-tr(
7zppzp-zppvlp'
6-+-+-+p+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-zPP+-+$
3+-zP-+-+-#
2P+-+-zPPzP"
1tR-vLQmKLsNR!
xabcdefgh
KING'S INDIAN DEFENCE KING'S INDIAN DEFENCE GRUENFELD DEFENCE
CLASSICAL VARIATION CLASSICAL FIANCHETTO Bf4 VARIATION

2. c2-c4 g7-g6 2. c2-c4 g7-g6 2. c2-c4 g7-g6
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-g7 3. Ng1-f3 Bf8-g7 3. Nb1-c3 d7-d5
4. e2-e4 d7-d6 4. g2-g3 d7-d6 4. Ng1-f3 Bf8-g7
5. Ng1-f3 0-0 5. Bf1-g2 0-0 5. Bc1-f4 0-0
6. Bf1-e2 e7-e5 6. 0-0 Nb8-d7 6. e2-e3 c7-c5
7. 0-0 Nb8-c6 7. Nb1-c3 e7-e5
KING'S INDIAN DEFENCE KING'S INDIAN DEFENCE GRUENFELD DEFENCE

PETROSIAN VARIATION YUGOSLAV VARIATION SCHLECHTER-SLAV
VARIATION
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6 1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
2. c2-c4 g7-g6 2. c2-c4 g7-g6 1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-g7 3. Ng1-f3 Bf8-g7 2. c2-c4 g7-g6
4. e2-e4 d7-d6 4. g2-g3 d7-d6 3. g2-g3 d7-d5
5. Ng1-f3 0-0 5. Bf1-g2 0-0 4. Bf1-g2 Bf8-g7
6. Bf1-e2 e7-e5 6. 0-0 c7-c5 5. Ng1-f3 0-0
7. d4-d5 a7-a5 7. Nb1-c3 Nb8-c6 6. 0-0 c7-c6
KING'S INDIAN DEFENCE KING'S INDIAN DEFENCE MODERN BENONI DEFENCE

AVERBAKH VARIATION PANNO VARIATION MAIN LINE

2. c2-c4 g7-g6 2. c2-c4 g7-g6 2. c2-c4 c7-c5
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-g7 3. Ng1-f3 Bf8-g7 3. d4-d5 e7-e6
4. e2-e4 d7-d6 4. g2-g3 d7-d6 4. Nb1-c3 e6xd5
5. Bf1-e2 0-0 5. Bf1-g2 0-0 5. c4xd5 d7-d6
6. Bc1-g5 c7-c5 6. 0-0 Nb8-c6 6. e2-e4 g7-g6
7. Nb1-c3 a7-a6 7. Ng1-f3 Bf8-g7
KING'S INDIAN DEFENCE GRUENFELD DEFENCE MODERN BENONI DEFENCE

FOUR PAWNS ATTACK CLASSICAL EXCHANGE MIKENAS VARIATION

2. c2-c4 g7-g6 2. c2-c4 g7-g6 2. c2-c4 c7-c5
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-g7 3. Nb1-c3 d7-d5 3. d4-d5 e7-e6
4. e2-e4 d7-d6 4. c4xd5 Nf6xd5 4. Nb1-c3 e6xd5
5. f2-f4 0-0 5. e2-e4 Nd5xc3 5. c4xd5 d7-d6
6. Ng1-f3 c7-c5 6. b2xc3 Bf8-g7 6. e2-e4 g7-g6
7. Bf1-c4 c7-c5 7. f2-f4 Bf8-g7
KING'S INDIAN DEFENCE GRUENFELD DEFENCE MODERN BENONI DEFENCE

ORTHODOX SAEMISCH MODERN EXCHANGE FIANCHETTO VARIATION

2. c2-c4 g7-g6 2. c2-c4 g7-g6 2. c2-c4 c7-c5
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-g7 3. Nb1-c3 d7-d5 3. d4-d5 e7-e6
4. e2-e4 d7-d6 4. c4xd5 Nf6xd5 4. Nb1-c3 e6xd5
5. f2-f3 0-0 5. e2-e4 Nd5xc3 5. c4xd5 d7-d6
6. Bc1-e3 e7-e5 6. b2xc3 Bf8-g7 6. Ng1-f3 g7-g6
7. Ng1-f3 0-0 7. g2-g3 Bf8-g7
KING'S INDIAN DEFENCE GRUENFELD DEFENCE BENKO GAMBIT

SAEMISCH PANNO SMYSLOV VARIATION MAIN LINE

2. c2-c4 g7-g6 2. c2-c4 g7-g6 2. c2-c4 c7-c5
3. Nb1-c3 Bf8-g7 3. Nb1-c3 d7-d5 3. d4-d5 b7-b5
4. e2-e4 d7-d6 4. Ng1-f3 Bf8-g7 4. c4xb5 a7-a6
5. f2-f3 0-0 5. Qd1-b3 d5xc4 5. b5xa6 Bb8xa6
6. Bc1-e3 Nb8-c6 6. Qb3xc4 0-0 6. Nb1-c3 d7-d6
7. Ng1-e2 a7-a6 7. Ng1-f3 g7-g6
OTHER QUEEN'S PAWN OPENINGS
They start:
1. d2-d4
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zppzppzppzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-zP-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPP+PzPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
In this book we look mainly at the Dutch
Defence and openings where White plays d4
but not c4.
WHITE SAYS:
(If he's playing d4 but not c4): I don't care what your favourite defence is.
I'll get in my favourite opening first and see what you can do against it. Go
ahead and make my day.
BLACK SAYS:
(If he plays the Dutch Defence): You want the Queen side? Fine. Then I'll
go ahead and take the King side. Your King had better watch out or he'll
end up dead meat.
XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwq-trk+(
7zppzp-vl-zpp' The Classical Dutch.
Black's plans are to play e6-e5 or to

6-+-zppsn-+&
5+-+-+p+-% attack on the King side with moves like
4-+-+-+-+$ Qd8-e8, Qe8-h5, g7-g5, g5-g4. White
3+-+-+-+-# will try to play e2-e4, open the e-file
2-+-+-+-+" and attack Black's weak e-pawn. For
this reason he will usually develop his
King's Bishop on g2.
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
xABCDEFGH
8rsnlwq-trk+(
7zpp+-+-zpp' The Dutch Stonewall.
Black gains space but leaves a

6-+pvlpsn-+&
5+-+p+p+-% weakness on e5. He can either play for
4-+-+-+-+$ a King side attack, again with Qd8-e8,
3+-+-+-+-# Qe8-h5, g7-g5, or play in the centre
2-+-+-+-+" with b7-b6 and c6-c5. White will aim to
control or occupy the e5 square with a
Knight while trying to break with e2-e4.
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
xABCDEFGH
8rsnlwq-trk+(
7zppzp-zp-vlp' The Leningrad Dutch.
6-+-zp-snp+&
This time Black finachettos his King's
5+-+-+p+-% Bishop to improve his chances of
4-+-+-+-+$ playing e7-e5. Again, White often aims
3+-+-+-+-# to play e2-e4 and attack a weak black
2-+-+-+-+" pawn on the e-file. Black has to
remember that his e6 square is weak
1+-+-+-+-! and watch out for Knight attacks via
xabcdefghy g5.
xABCDEFGH
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-' The Colle System.
This set-up is most effective when

6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-% Black has a pawn on d5. White sets up
4-+-zP-+-+$ a solid position and breaks with e3-e4,
3+-zPLzPN+-# hoping to build up a King side attack.
2PzP-sN-zPPzP" Watch out for the chance of a Greek
Gift sacrifice (Bd3xh7+): see the lesson
on the French Defence.
1tR-vLQ+RmK-!
xabcdefghy
xABCDEFGH
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-' The Torre Attack.
White places his pawns on dark squares

6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-vL-% after developing his Bishop. White can
4-+-zP-+-+$ either go for e3-e4, as in the Colle
3+-zPLzPN+-# System, or put a Knight on e5 and
2PzP-sN-zPPzP" launch a King-side attack. Unlike the
other systems on this page it's also OK
against the King's Indian Defence.
1tR-+Q+RmK-!
xabcdefghy
xABCDEFGH
8-+-+-+-+( The same idea as the Dutch Stonewall -
7+-+-+-+-' you can play the same system with
6-+-+-+-+& both colours!
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-zP-zP-+$ If Black doesn't know what to expect
White can quickly get a winning attack
with moves like Nf3-e5, g2-g4, g4-g5,
3+-zPLzPN+-#
2PzP-+-+PzP" Qd1-h5, Rf1-f3, Rf3-h3. One word of
1tRNvLQ+RmK-! advice, don't play f2-f4 until Black has
xabcdefghy played d7-d5.
Ideas for White:
1.If you're playing the main lines against the Dutch
Defence, go for the break e2-e4. Develop your Bishop
to g2, then maybe Rook on e1 or Queen on c2. Against
the Stonewall you can sometimes retreat your Knight
on f3, play f2-f3 and e2-e4.
2.Move like 2. Nc3 and 2. Bg5 can be annoying for Dutch
Defence players - why not give them a try.
3.If you're playing the Colle or the Stonewall, don't be
too inflexible. If Black does something unexpected you
may have to change your plan.
4. If you're playing the Colle, e3-e4 will either exchange
off or drive back (with e4-e5) the Knight on f6,
weakening his King's defences and giving you the
chance of a king-side attack.
Ideas for Black:

1.If you're playing the Dutch Defence try to avoid
positions where you have a pawn on the e-file that can
be attacked.
2.If you're playing the Dutch Stonewall. try to activate
your Queen's Bishop. One idea is Bc8-d7, Bd7-e8,
Be8-h5. Another idea is b7-b6, Bc8-b7, c7-c5. Your
choice will depend on White's moves.
3.If you think your opponent's going to play the Colle or
Stonewall with White don't play d7-d5. Instead, play
for e7-e5 or c7-c5 to take his central position apart.
4. Against the Torre or Trompowsky, it's often a good
idea to develop your Queen to b6, attacking the Pawn
on b2.
THE DUTCH DEFENCE
1. d2-d4 f7-f5
2. Ng1-f3
This, 2. c2-c4 or 2. g2-g3 are usual. 2. c2-
c4 gives Black the chance of developing his
Bishop on b4. Other interesting moves are
2. Nb1-c3, preparing e2-e4, 2. Bc1-g5,
planning to capture a Knight on f6 and
double Black's pawns, or 2. e2-e4, the
Staunton Gambit (2... f5xe4 3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-
f6 4. Bc1-g5 or 4. f2-f3).
2... Ng8-f6
3. g2-g3 e7-e6
If Black wants to play the Leningrad
Variation he plays g7-g6 here.
4. Bf1-g2 d7-d5
4... Bf8-e7, followed by 5... 0-0 and 6... d7-
d6 is the Classical Variation
5. c2-c4 c7-c6
6. 0-0 Bf8-d6
Bf8-e7 is equally possible here.
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqk+-tr(
7zpp+-+-zpp'
6-+pvlpsn-+&
5+-+p+p+-%
4-+PzP-+-+$
3+-+-+NzP-#
2PzP-+PzPLzP"
1tRNvLQ+RmK-!
Xabcdefgh
This is the basic position for the Dutch
Stonewall.
THE COLLE SYSTEM
1. d2-d4 d7-d5
2. Ng1-f3
Another idea is 2. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 3. Bc1-g5,
again playing for e2-e4 - the Richter-
Veresov Attack.
2... Ng8-f6
3. e2-e3
3. Bc1-g5 is the Torre Attack. 3. Bc1-f4 is
the London System, with similar ideas.
3... e7-e6
3... Nb8-c6 is interesting: 4. Bf1-d3 e7-e5
is fine for Black so White should change
plans and play f2-f4 instead. If Black then
plays Nc7-b4 and Nb5xd3 White should
take back with the c-pawn, not the Queen.
4. Bf1-d3 c7-c5
5. c2-c3 Nb8-d7
Nb8-c6, Bf8-e7 or Bf8-d6 are all equally
possible.
XABCDEFGH
8r+lwqkvl-tr(
7zpp+n+pzpp'
6-+-+psn-+&
5+-zpp+-+-%
4-+-zP-+-+$
3+-zPLzPN+-#
2PzP-+-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmK-+R!
Xabcdefgh
A typical position from the Colle System.
White will play for e2-e4. Perhaps Black will
play for e7-e5.
THE TROMPOWSKY ATTACK
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
2. Bc1-g5
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvl-tr(
7zppzppzppzpp'
6-+-+-sn-+&
5+-+-+-vL-%
4-+-zP-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPP+PzPPzP"
1tRN+QmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
A move made popular by English
Grandmasters Michael Adams and Julian
Hodgson. One idea is to take on f6 and
double Black's pawns. 1. d2-d4 d7-d5 2.
Bc1-g5 is also sometimes played.
Black has several choices: 2... Nf6-e4,

when White can move his Bishop back to f4
or h4:
2... e7-e6, when White can play Nb1-c3 and

e2-e4 but will have to exchange Bishop for
Knight on f6:
2... d7-d5, when White can exchange on f6
or transpose to a Torre Attack:
2... c7-c6, hoping for 3. e2-e3?? Qd8-a5+

winning a Bishop.
Finally, a few other openings that don't fit in

elsewhere.
THE BUDAPEST GAMBIT
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
2. c2-c4 e7-e5
Black sacrifices a pawn. After 2. d4xe5

(best) Black can play the main line, Nf6-g4,
when he usually wins the pawn back, or
Nf6-e4, a genuine gambit, dubious but
there are many ways White can lose
quickly.
THE OLD INDIAN DEFENCE
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
2. c2-c4 d7-d6
3. Nb1-c3 e7-e5
(after 3. Ng1-f3, Bc8-g4 is possible) Now

White can either exchange pawns and
queens, or play d4-d5 which will look like a
King's Indian Defence with Black's bishop
on e7, not g7.
THE CATALAN
1. d2-d4 d7-d5
2. c2-c4 e7-e6
3. g2-g3 Ng8-f6
A sort of Queen's Gambit where White

fianchettos his bishop to put pressure on
d5. A very subtle opening, popular in
master chess but less so at lower levels.
Black can open the position with d5xc4,
often followed by c7-c5 or defend solidly
with Bf8-e7, 0-0, c7-c6.
DUTCH DEFENCE DUTCH DEFENCE TROMPOWSKY ATTACK (2)
CLASSICAL VARIATION STAUNTON GAMBIT
1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
1. d2-d4 f7-f5 1. d2-d4 f7-f5 2. Bc1-g5 Nf6-e4
2. g2-g3 Ng8-f6 2. e2-e4 f5xe4 3. Bg5-f4 c7-c5
3. Bf1-g2 e7-e6 3. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 4. d4-d5 Qd8-b6
4. Ng1-f3 Bf8-e7 4. Bc1-g5 Nb8-c6 5. Bf4-c1 e7-e6
5. c2-c4 0-0 5. d4-d5 Nc6-e5 6. f2-f3 Qb6-a5+
6. 0-0 d7-d6 6. Qd1-d4 Ne5-f7 7. c2-c3 Ne4-f6
DUTCH DEFENCE COLLE SYSTEM TROMPOWSKY ATTACK (3)

STONEWALL VARIATION
1. d2-d4 d7-d5 1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
1. d2-d4 f7-f5 2. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6 2. Bc1-g5 e7-e6
2. g2-g3 Ng8-f6 3. e2-e3 e7-e6 3. e2-e4 h7-h6
3. Bf1-g2 e7-e6 4. Bf1-d3 c7-c5 4. Bg5xf6 Qd8xf6
4. Ng1-f3 d7-d5 5. c2-c3 Nb8-d7 5. Ng1-f3 b7-b6
5. c2-c4 c7-c6 6. Nb1-d2 Bf8-d6 6. Bf1-d3 Bc8-b7
6. 0-0 Bf8-d6
DUTCH DEFENCE TORRE ATTACK (1) BUDAPEST GAMBIT

LENINGRAD VARIATION
1. d2-d4 d7-d5 1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
1. d2-d4 f7-f5 2. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6 2. c2-c4 e7-e5
2. g2-g3 Ng8-f6 3. Bc1-g5 e7-e6 3. d4xe5 Nf6-g4
3. Bf1-g2 g7-g6 4. e2-e3 c7-c5 4. Bc1-f4 Nb8-c6
4. Ng1-f3 Bf8-g7 5. Nb1-d2 Bf8-e7 5. Ng1-f3 Bf8-b4+
5. c2-c4 0-0 6. c2-c3 Nb8-d7 6. Nb1-d2 Qd8-e7
6. 0-0 d7-d6
DUTCH DEFENCE TORRE ATTACK (2) OLD INDIAN DEFENCE

DUTCH INDIAN VARIATION
1. d2-d4 d7-d5 1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6
1. d2-d4 f7-f5 2. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6 2. c2-c4 d7-d6
2. c2-c4 Ng8-f6 3. Bc1-g5 g7-g6 3. Nb1-c3 Nb8-d7
3. g2-g3 e7-e6 4. e2-e3 Bf8-g7 4. Ng1-f3 e7-e5
4. Bf1-g2 Bf8-b4+ 5. Nb1-d2 0-0 5. e2-e4 c7-c6
5. Bc1-d2 Qd8-e7 6. Bf1-d3 c7-c5 6. Bf1-e2 Bf8-e7
6. Ng1-f3 0-0 7. 0-0 0-0
DUTCH DEFENCE RICHTER-VERESOV ATTACK CATALAN SYSTEM

2. Nc3 VARIATION OPEN VARIATION
1. d2-d4 d7-d5
1. d2-d4 f7-f5 2. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 1. d2-d4 d7-d5
2. Nb1-c3 d7-d5 3. Bc1-g5 Nb8-d7 2. c2-c4 e7-e6
3. Bc1-g5 Ng8-f6 4. f2-f3 c7-c5 3. g2-g3 Ng8-f6
4. Bg5xf6 e7xf6 5. e2-e4 c5xd4 4. Bf1-g2 d5xc4
5. e2-e3 c7-c6 6. Bg5xf6 d4xc3 5. Ng1-f3 Bf8-e7
6. Bf1-d3 Bf8-d6 7. Bf6xc3 d5xe4 6. 0-0 0-0
7. Qd1-c2 a7-a6
DUTCH DEFENCE TROMPOWSKY ATTACK (1) CATALAN SYSTEM

2. Bg5 VARIATION 1. d2-d4 Ng8-f6 CLOSED VARIATION
1. d2-d4 f7-f5 2. Bc1-g5 Nf6-e4 1. d2-d4 d7-d5
2. Bc1-g5 g7-g6 3. Bg5-h4 c7-c5 2. c2-c4 e7-e6
3. h2-h4 Bf8-g7 4. f2-f3 g7-g5 3. g2-g3 Ng8-f6
4. Nb1-c3 d7-d5 5. f3xe4 g5xh4 4. Bf1-g2 Bf8-e7
5. e2-e3 c7-c6 6. e2-e3 Bf8-h6 5. Ng1-f3 0-0
6. Qd1-f3 Bc8-e6 6. 0-0 Nb8-d7
THE ENGLISH OPENING
It starts:
1. c2-c4
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zppzppzppzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+P+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzP-zPPzPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
It was named in honour of Howard

Staunton, who was the best player in the
world from 1843-1851.
WHITE SAYS:
My plan is first of all to control d5. After that, who knows? Perhaps I'll
transpose to a Queen's Pawn opening. Perhaps I'll play Nc3, g3 and Bg2
keeping it as an English. You'll just have to wait and see.
BLACK SAYS:
Well, at this point Black can say almost anything. After all only one move
has been played so far and White has yet to reveal his hand. Read on for
some ideas on what Black might play next.
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zppzppzppzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+P+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzP-zPPzPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
How should Black reply?
1.If you like playing the Queen's Gambit with Black play
1... e6 2. Nc3 (the usual move) 2... d5. You are now
threatening d4 so White will often play 3. d4 and you
have a Queen's Gambit.
2.If you like playing the King's Indian Defence play 1...
Nf6 followed by g6, Bg7, d6 and 0-0. If White plays d4
at any time you have a King's Indian Defence.
3.If you like playing the Nimzo-Indian Defence play 1...
Nf6 and 2... e6. If White has played Nc3 play 3... Bb4.
4.If you like playing the Dutch Defence play 1... f5.
5.If you're an e4 player and like playing against the
Sicilian Defence play 1... e5. You have a Sicilian Defence
with colours reversed.
6.If you like playing the English Opening with White play
q... c5 with a symmetrical English.
Ideas for White:
1.Remember that your pawn formation determines your
plan especially in closed positions. If Black keeps the
position closed head for one of the three diagrams on
the previous page and learn the middle-game plans for
the one you prefer.
2.If Black opens the position up with an early d5 play
energetically and don't waste time. If you have a bishop
on g2 try to make the most of it.
3.In most variations your territory is the Queen-side, your
opponent's territory is the King-side, so go for a pawn
advance on the Queen-side, usually with b4.
4. If Black goes for a King-side pawn advance with f7-f5 try
to block his pawns by playing f2-f4.
Ideas for Black:

1.Whatever you do, don't play d5 on move 1: White plays
c4xd5 and, after Qd8xd5, Nb1-c3, gaining time as well
as a pawn advantage in the centre.
2.If you're playing an Open Sicilian Reversed don't be too
agressive. Ideas that work with White will not work if
your opponent has an extra move.
3.If you've played an early e5 and/or f5 your territory is
the King-side. Go for an attack on that side of the board,
using your pawns.
4. The English Opening is very popular at all levels from
Club to Grandmaster. Even if you don't play it with White
make sure you know a good way of meeting it with
Black.
xABCDEFGH A standard English setup for
8-+-+-+-+( White.
7+-+-+-+-'
He has started a Queen-side
attack. Note the Rook` on b1
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-% to prepare b4. He will follow
4-zPP+-+-+$ up with b5 to attack c6,
3+-sNP+NzP-# supported by the Bishop on
2P+-+PzPLzP" g2. White could also play e2-
e3 and Ng1-e2 instead of
Ng1-f3. You may recognise
1+RvLQ+RmK-!
xabcdefghy this as a Closed Sicilian
Reversed.
xABCDEFGH
8-+-+-+-+( The Staunton System.
7+-+-+-+-'
White is preparing d4 to gain
space in the centre of the
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-% board. If Black captures on d4
4-+P+-+-+$ he can take with either the e-
3+-sN-zP-zP-# pawn or the Knight on e2.
2PzP-zPNzPLzP" Note that White has played
Ng1-e2 not Ng1-f3 to keep
the long diagonal open for his
1tR-vLQ+RmK-!
xabcdefghy Bishop.
xABCDEFGH
The Botvinnik System.
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-' White may choose to attack
6-+-+-+-+& on the Queen-side with b4, on
5+-+-+-+-% the King-side with f4, or in
4-+P+P+-+$ the centre with d4. If Black
does nothing about it he may
3+-sNP+-zP-# be able to get in two or even
2PzP-+NzPLzP" all three of these moves. The
1tR-vLQ+RmK-! bad news for White is the hole
xabcdefghy on d4 which Black will try to
occupy with a Knight.
THE e5 VARIATION
1. c2-c4 e7-e5
2. Nb1-c3 Nb8-g6
Or Ng8-f6, giving Black the option of c7-c6 followed by d7-
d5.
3. Ng1-f3
White can also play g2-g3 here to play like Staunton or
Botvinnik.
3... Nb8-c6
Another idea is 3... f7-f5 with a Closed Sicilian Reversed.
4. g2-g3
4. d2-d4 is also possible.
XABCDEFGH
8r+lwqkvl-tr(
7zppzpp+pzpp'
6-+n+-sn-+&
5+-+-zp-+-%
4-+P+-+-+$
3+-sN-+NzP-#
2PzP-zPPzP-zP"
1tR-vLQmKL+R!
Xabcdefgh
Now 4... d7-d5 is a Dragon Reversed. 4... Bf8-b4 is also
popular. 4... Bf8-c5 can be met by Nf3xe5!
THE c5 VARIATION
1. c2-c4 c7-c5
2. Nb1-c3
Or 2. Ng1-f3 heading for a quick d2-d4.
2... Nb8-c6
Again he could play Ng8-f6 followed by d7-d5.
3. g2-g3
Of course Ng1-f3 is equally good.
3... g7-g6
4. Bf1-g2 Bf8-g7
XABCDEFGH
8r+lwqk+ntr(
7zpp+pzppvlp'
6-+n+-+p+&
5+-zp-+-+-%
4-+P+-+-+$
3+-sN-+-zP-#
2PzP-zPPzPLzP"
1tR-vLQmK-sNR!
Xabcdefgh
Now White has a wide choice: a2-a3 to prepare b2-b4, e2-
e3 (Staunton), e2-e4 (Botvinnik), or Ng1-f3 after which
Black has a similar choice.
All openings other than 1. e2-e4 and 1. d2-
d4 are called FLANK OPENINGS. The rest of
this book looks at some of these moves.
THE RÉTI OPENING
1. Ng1-f3
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zppzppzppzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+N+-#
2PzPPzPPzPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKL+R!
Xabcdefgh
Named after Richard Réti, who pioneered

this move in the 1920s.
If you're Black and you meet this move

think of it as a close relation of d2-d4 and
c2-c4. Don't try to get into a King's pawn
opening by playing 1... Nb8-c6: after 2. d2-
d4 d7-d5 3. c2-c4 you've transposed to the
risky Chigorin Defence to the Queen's
Gambit.
White might be playing the Réti with one of
several ideas in mind:
1. To attack Black's centre with c2-c4 if

he plays d2-d4
2. To play a King's Indian Attack with
g2-g3, Bf1-g2, 0-0, d2-d3.
3. To play b2-b3, Bc1-b2 controlling e5.
4. To transpose into a Queen's Pawn
opening.
If you're Black one plan is, as against the

English, to try to head for your favourite
defence to d4.
BIRD'S OPENING
1. f2-f4
XABCDEFGH
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zppzppzppzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-zP-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPPzPP+PzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
Xabcdefgh
Named after Henry Bird, an English master

active from about 1850-1900.
After 1... d7-d5 it's a Dutch Defence

reversed. White plans a King-side attack
using one of several ideas seen in the Dutch
Defence.
Black can also reply 1... e7-e5, and if

f4xe5, d7-d6 (the FROM GAMBIT), or if 2.
e2-e4 we have a King's Gambit.
Just as White can play either c2-c4 or f2-f4, so he can play
either Ng1-f3 or Nb1-c3.
Nb1-c3 (The Queen's Knight Attack or Dunst Opening) is

rare but not bad. It might transpose to the Vienna Game,
Closed Sicilian, Richter-Veresov Attack (1. Nb1-c3 d7-d5
2. d2-d4 Ng8-f6) but also possible is 1. Nb1-c3 d7-d5 2.
e2-e4 d5-d4 3. Nc3-e2.
White can also fianchetto on move one:
1. g2-g3 (the Benko Opening) will usually lead to a

reversed King's Indian Defence/King's Indian Attack or a
reversed Pirc Defence.
Or 1. b2-b3 (the Nimzo-Larsen Attack) aiming to control

the e5 square.
Finally, White can push either Knight's Pawn two squares

instead of one:
1. b2-b4 (the Sokolsky, Polish or Orang-Utan Opening) is

unusual but respectable, gaining space on the Queen-side.
Black should avoid 1... Nb8-c6 2. b4-b5 as well as 1... e7-
e6 2. Bc1-b2 Bf8xb4??.
Finally, 1. g2-g4 (the Grob or Spike) which weakens

White's King, and, although there are one or two tricky
lines, is not recommended.
ENGLISH OPENING ENGLISH OPENING RETI OPENING
e5 4 KNIGHTS: 4. g3 Bb4 BOTVINNIK v SYMMETRICAL
2. c4 dxc4
1. c2-c4 e7-e5 1. c2-c4 c7-c5 1. Ng1-f3 d7-d5
2. Nb1-c3 Nb8-c6 2. Nb1-c3 Nb8-c6 2. c2-c4 d5xc4
3. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6 3. g2-g3 g7-g6 3. Nb1-a3 c7-c5
4. g2-g3 Bf8-b4 4. Bf1-g2 Bf8-g7 4. Na3xc4 Nb8-c6
5. Bf1-g2 0-0 5. e2-e4 e7-e6 5. b2-b3 f7-f6
6. Ng1-e2 Ng8-e77 6. Bc1-b2 e7-e5
ENGLISH OPENING ENGLISH OPENING RETI OPENING

REVERSE DRAGON FLOHR-MIKENAS SYSTEM Bg4 VARIATION
1. c2-c4 e7-e5 1. c2-c4 Ng8-f6 1. Ng1-f3 d7-d5

2. Nb1-c3 Nb8-c6 2. Nb1-c3 e7-e6 2. g2-g3 Ng8-f6
3. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6 3. e2-e4 d7-d5 3. Bf1-g2 c7-c6
4. g2-g3 d7-d5 4. e4-e5 d5-d4 4. 0-0 Bc8-g4
5. c4xd5 Nf6xd5 5. e5xf6 d4xc3 5. c2-c4 e7-e6
6. Bf1-g2 Nd5-b6 6. b2xc3 Qd8xf6 6. b2-b3 Nb8-d7
7. 0-0 Bf8-e7
ENGLISH OPENING ENGLISH OPENING KING'S INDIAN ATTACK

STAUNTON SYSTEM v e5 NIMZO-ENGLISH
1. Ng1-f3 d7-d5
1. c2-c4 e7-e5 1. c2-c4 Ng8-f6 2. g2-g3 c7-c5
2. Nb1-c3 Nb8-c6 2. Nb1-c3 e7-e6 3. Bf1-g2 Nb8-c6
3. g2-g3 g7-g6 3. Ng1-f3 Bf1-b4 4. 0-0 e7-e6
4. Bf1-g2 Bf8-g7 4. Qd1-c2 0-0 5. d2-d3 Ng8-f6
5. e2-e3 d7-d6 5. a2-a3 Bb4xc3 6. Nb1-d2 Bf8-e7
6. Ng1-e2 Ng8-e7 6. Qc2xc3 b7-b6 7. e2-e4 0-0
ENGLISH OPENING ENGLISH OPENING NIMZO-LARSEN ATTACK

e5+f5 SYSTEM 1... Nf6 2... d5
1. b2-b3 d7-d5
1. c2-c4 e7-e5 1. c2-c4 Ng8-f6 2. Bc1-b2 c7-c5
2. Nb1-c3 Nb8-c6 2. Nb1-c3 d7-d5 3. e2-e3 Ng8-f6
3. g2-g3 f7-f5 3. c4xd5 Nf6xd5 4. Ng1-f3 e7-e6
4. Bf1-g2 Ng8-f6 4. g2-g3 g7-g6 5. Bf1-b5+ Bc8-d7
5. d2-d3 g7-g6 5. Bf1-g2 Nd5xc3
6. e2-e3 Bf8-g7 6. b2xc3 Bf8-g7
ENGLISH OPENING ENGLISH OPENING BIRD'S OPENING

SYMMETRICAL: d4 1... Nf6 2... e6 3... d5
1. f2-f4 d7-d5
1. c2-c4 c7-c5 1. c2-c4 Ng8-f6 2. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6
2. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6 2. Ng1-f3 e7-e6 3. e2-e3 g7-g6
3. d2-d4 c5xd4 3. g2-g3 d7-d5 4. Bf1-e2 Bf8-g7
4. Nf3xd4 e7-e6 4. b2-b3 Bf8-e7 5. 0-0 0-0
5. g2-g3 Qd8-c7 5. Bf1-g2 0-0 6. d2-d3 c7-c5
ENGLISH OPENING RETI OPENING FROM GAMBIT

a3+b4 v SYMMETRICAL 2. c4 dxc4
1. f2-f4 e7-e5
1. c2-c4 c7-c5 1. Ng1-f3 d7-d5 2. f4xe5 d7-d6
2. Nb1-c3 Nb8-c6 2. c2-c4 d5xc4 3. e5xd6 Bf8xd6
3. g2-g3 g7-g6 3. Nb1-a3 c7-c5 4. Ng1-f3 Ng8-f6
4. Bf1-g2 Bf8-g7 4. Na3xc4 Nb8-c6 5. g2-g3 Nb8-c6
5. a2-a3 a7-a6 5. b2-b3 f7-f6 6. Bf1-g2 Bc8-g4
6. Ra1-b1 Ra8-b8 6. Bc1-b2 e7-e5

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OPEN GAMES

1. White plays for a central break with d4 (Scotch Game,

2. White plays for a central break with f4 (King's Gambit,

3. White plays quietly with d3 (Giuoco Pianissimo, Spanish

We also look at some other defences for Black after 2.

Ideas for Black:

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. c3 is the PONZIANI OPENING.

1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 is the BISHOP'S OPENING, which might

1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 (the best move) 3. Qxd4 is the

1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. c3 is the DANISH GAMBIT: Black

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 is the PHILIDOR DEFENCE. White

After 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3, Black could also try 2... f5 (the

GIUOCO PIANO SCOTCH GAME VIENNA GAME

EVANS GAMBIT GORING GAMBIT KING'S GAMBIT ACCEPTED

TWO KNIGHTS DEFENCE SCOTCH FOUR KNIGHTS KING'S GAMBIT ACCEPTED

TWO KNIGHTS DEFENCE SPANISH FOUR KNIGHTS KING'S GAMBIT DECLINED

TWO KNIGHTS DEFENCE PETROFF DEFENCE DANISH GAMBIT

The tactical battle over the next few moves revolves

The first thing to note is that White is not yet

Now both e-pawns are safe. White continues with

Ideas for Black:

Not Black's best move, but often played by those who

Another move you'll often meet at lower levels. White's

Another solid defence. White's usual reply is 4. 0-0,

A good choice for White if you like simplified positions and

6. Rf1-e1 is the simplest move but play usually continues

1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5

RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ

1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5

RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ

1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5

1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 1. e2-e4 e7-e5

RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ STEINITZ RUY LOPEZ MARSHALL ATTACK

RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ RUY LOPEZ CLOSED DEFENCE

He could exchange it (exd5, the EXCHANGE

He could advance it (e4-e5, the ADVANCE

He could defend it (Nb1-c3, the main line,

The FRENCH DEFENCE is a battle for control

If White keeps control of these squares he

If Black can take over control of these

When White plays e5 he creates a PAWN

The key moves for Black are the PAWN

If you're Black play c7-c5 as soon as you

Ideas for Black:

White has two good reasons for playing Nb1-d2. It stops

Take a look at this game.

1.e2-e4 e7-e6 2.d2-d4 d7-d5 3.Nb1-c3 Bf8-b4 4.e4-e5

1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6

FRENCH DEFENCE FRENCH DEFENCE FRENCH DEFENCE

FRENCH DEFENCE FRENCH DEFENCE FRENCH DEFENCE

FRENCH DEFENCE FRENCH DEFENCE FRENCH DEFENCE

1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6

FRENCH DEFENCE FRENCH DEFENCE FRENCH DEFENCE

1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6

FRENCH DEFENCE FRENCH DEFENCE FRENCH DEFENCE

1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6 1. e2-e4 e7-e6

Ha! What's that pawn doing over there? You're

You're welcome to the King side. I'm going to attack

The usual plan is for White to play Ng1-f3

XABCDEFGH The SCHEVENINGEN formation.