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MasteringPhysics - Assignment 4 - Motion in 1-D

1) The problem involves a car traveling at a constant velocity v0 that notices a garbage can ahead at a distance d. After a time tr, the driver applies the brakes and decelerates at a constant rate until stopping just before the can. 2) A motion diagram and pictorial representation are drawn to visualize the situation, showing the car's motion in two segments with different accelerations before and after braking. 3) Using the kinematic equation relating displacement, initial velocity, acceleration, and time, the acceleration of the car after braking a1 is calculated to be (v02/(2(d-v0tr))) , expressing a1 in terms of the given values d,

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1K views6 pages

MasteringPhysics - Assignment 4 - Motion in 1-D

1) The problem involves a car traveling at a constant velocity v0 that notices a garbage can ahead at a distance d. After a time tr, the driver applies the brakes and decelerates at a constant rate until stopping just before the can. 2) A motion diagram and pictorial representation are drawn to visualize the situation, showing the car's motion in two segments with different accelerations before and after braking. 3) Using the kinematic equation relating displacement, initial velocity, acceleration, and time, the acceleration of the car after braking a1 is calculated to be (v02/(2(d-v0tr))) , expressing a1 in terms of the given values d,

Uploaded by

Strange Sht
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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10/4/2017 MasteringPhysics: Assignment 1: Motion in 1-D

PSS2.1:Can'tHittheCan!

LearningGoal:
TopracticeProblemSolvingStrategy2.1forproblemsinvolvingkinematicswithconstantacceleration.

Acaristravelingataconstantvelocityofmagnitudev 0 whenthedrivernoticesagarbagecanontheroadinfrontofhim.Atthat
moment,thedistancebetweenthegarbagecanandthefrontofthecarisd.Atimetr afternoticingthegarbagecan,thedriver
appliesthebrakesandslowsdownataconstantratebeforecomingtoahaltjustbeforethegarbagecan.Whatisthemagnitude
ofthecar'saccelerationafterthebrakesareapplied?

MODEL:Usetheparticlemodel.Makeotherappropriatesimplifyingassumptions.

VISUALIZE:Usedifferentrepresentationsoftheinformationintheproblem.

Drawamotiondiagram.Motiondiagramsarepartofthephysicalrepresentation.
Drawapictorialrepresentation.Thishelpsyouassesstheinformationyouaregivenandstartstheprocessof
translatingthatinformationintomathematicalsymbols.
Useagraphicalrepresentationifappropriatefortheproblem.
Gobackandforthbetweenthesethreerepresentationsasneeded.

SOLVE:Themathematicalrepresentationisbasedonthethreekinematicequations

vf = v is + at ,

1 2
sf = si + vis t + as (t) ,
2

and

v
2
fs
= v
2
is
+ 2as s .

Usexory,asappropriatetotheproblem,ratherthanthegenerics.
Ifnecessary,replacesubscriptsiandfwithnumericalsubscriptsdefinedinthepictorialrepresentation.
Recallthat,foruniformmotionwithconstantvelocity,as = 0.

ASSESS:Isyourresultbelievable?Doesithaveappropriateunits?Doesitmakesense?

Model
Startbymakingsimplifyingassumptionsappropriateforthesituation.

PartA
Thecarshouldbetreatedas

ANSWER:

asolidmacroscopicobjectofcertainshapeandsize.

apointlikeparticle.

athinstraightline.

Correct

Visualize

https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/itemView?view=print&assignmentProblemID=83957162 1/6
10/4/2017 MasteringPhysics: Assignment 1: Motion in 1-D
Nowdrawamotiondiagramandpictorialrepresentation,includingalltheelementslistedintheproblemsolvingstrategy.Use
yoursketchtoanswerthefollowingquestions.

PartB
Considertheincompletepictorialrepresentationshownhere:.
Missingfromthisfigurearethearrowsrepresentingthe
accelerationofthecarforthetwodifferentsegmentsofthe
motion.Thesearrowsshouldappearbelowthesymbolsa0x and
a1x .

Foreachsegmentofthemotion,indicatewhethertheacceleration
ofthecarshouldbedrawnaspointingtotheright,aspointingto
theleft,orashavingzeromagnitude(andthereforenodirection).
EnterRforright,Lforleft,or0foreachofthetwo
accelerations.Separateyourtwoanswerswithacomma.

ANSWER:

0,L

AnswerRequested
Thelistofknownandunknownquantitiesarealsomissingfromthediagram.You'llneedtofiguretheseoutforyourself
beforeyougoon.

PartC
Whichdiagramcorrectlyshowsposition,velocity,andaccelerationofthemovingcarafterthebrakesareapplied?

ANSWER:

https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/itemView?view=print&assignmentProblemID=83957162 2/6
10/4/2017 MasteringPhysics: Assignment 1: Motion in 1-D

Correct

PartD
Diagram(a)inthepreviouspartisincorrectbecauseitleadstowhichofthefollowingincorrectconclusionsaboutthemotion
ofthecar?
Checkallthatapply.
ANSWER:

Thecarismovingatconstantspeed.

Thecarisspeedingup.

Thecarisnotmovinginastraightline.

Thedirectionofaccelerationofthecardoesnotagreewiththevelocityvectors.

Theaccelerationofthecarisdecreasing.

Theaccelerationofthecarisincreasing.

Theaccelerationofthecarischangingdirection.

Correct

PartE
Ofthefollowinglistofvariables,whichrepresentknownquantities?
Checkallthatapply.
ANSWER:

https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/itemView?view=print&assignmentProblemID=83957162 3/6
10/4/2017 MasteringPhysics: Assignment 1: Motion in 1-D

x1

v1

t1

x2

v2

t2

AnswerRequested
AmongtheothervariablesinthepictorialrepresentationprovidedinPartB,v 0 isaknownquantityandyoucan
assumethatx0 = 0andt0 = 0.

Solve
Nowusetheinformationandtheinsightsthatyouhaveaccumulatedtoconstructthenecessarymathematicalexpressionsand
toderivethesolution.

PartF
Finda1 ,themagnitudeoftheaccelerationofthecar.
Expressthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationintermsofthevariablesgivenintheproblemintroduction:d,tr ,andv 0 .
Youmayormaynotuseallofthem.

Hint1.Findthedistancetraveled
Whenyouworkedonthepreviousparts,youmusthaverealizedthat,afterthedriverfirstnoticestheobstacle,the
carmovesuniformlyandthenundergoesanegativeaccelerationbeforecomingtoahalt.Findthedistancex2 x1
coveredbythecarafterthebrakesareapplied.
Expressyouranswerintermsofthegivenquantities.Youmayormaynotuseallofthem.
ANSWER:

x2 x1 = d v0 tr

AnswerRequested

Hint2.Whichequationtouse
Youcanusetheequation
v
2
fs
= v . 2
is
+ 2as s

Don'tforgettochangethesymbolsaccordingtoyourpictorialandphysicalrepresentations.

ANSWER:

https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/itemView?view=print&assignmentProblemID=83957162 4/6
10/4/2017 MasteringPhysics: Assignment 1: Motion in 1-D

2
v0
a1 =
2(dv0 t r )

AnswerRequested

Assess
Whenyouworkonaproblemonyourown,withoutthecomputerprovidedfeedback,onlyyoucanassesswhetheryouranswer
seemsright.Thefollowingquestionswillhelpyoupracticetheskillsnecessaryforsuchanassessment.

PartG
Whichofthefollowingalgebraicexpressionshavethedimensionsofacceleration?
Checkallthatapply.

ANSWER:

2
v
0

d3v0 t r

2
v
0

d+2v0 t r

2
v t
0

2
dv0 t r

2
(v )d
0

2
(dv0 t r )

3v 0 /t r

AnswerRequested

PartH
Imagineasituationexactlyasgivenintheproblemintroductionexceptthatthedrivercontinuesforalongertimebetween
noticingthecanandhittingthebrakes.Ifheisstilltostopjustbeforehittingthecan,howwouldthemagnitudeofhis
accelerationcomparetothatderivedintheSolvestepabove?
ANSWER:

Itwouldbethesame.

Itwouldbegreater.

Itwouldbesmaller.

https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/itemView?view=print&assignmentProblemID=83957162 5/6
10/4/2017 MasteringPhysics: Assignment 1: Motion in 1-D

Correct
Fromtheansweryouderived,youcanseethatiftr increases,thenthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationwillincrease.Of
course,thedrivercannotwaitsolongbeforehittingthebrakesthatv 0 tr > dotherwisehewillalreadyhavecollided
withthecan.

PartI
Imagineasituationexactlyasgivenintheproblemintroductionexceptthatthedrivernoticesthegarbagecanfromfarther
away.Ifheisstilltostopjustbeforehittingthecan,howwouldthemagnitudeofhisaccelerationcomparetothatderivedin
theSolvestepabove?
ANSWER:

Itwouldbethesame.

Itwouldbegreater.

Itwouldbesmaller.

Correct
Fromtheansweryouderived,youcanseethatifdincreases,thenthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationwilldecrease.

https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/itemView?view=print&assignmentProblemID=83957162 6/6

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