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THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY SURNAME: MWIINGA NAME: PIMPA SIN:

13057626 SCHOOL: ENGINEERING PROGRAMME: BENG (HONS) MECHANICAL
TASK: ASSIGNMENT LECTURER: MR ZINGAPETA DATE: 2ND October 2, 2017
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ASSIGNMENT Computational fluid
dynamics has emerged from the high technology engineering areas of
aeronautics and astronautics. Computational fluid dynamics is derived from the
disciplines of: Fluid mechanics and Heat transfer. Computer Science.
Mathematics.
Computational fluid dynamics is used in the following traditional fluid

engineering application: Biomedical engineering that is in blood flow for artificial
hearts, scent flow and air flow in breathing. Chemical engineering in fluid flow
through pipes and pumps. Civil and environmental engineering for river
restoration and pollution dispersion.
Power engineering that is in improving turbine efficiency, wind farm sitting and
performance prediction. Sports engineering in making swimming equipment, in
golf swing mechanics, and reducing drag in biking. The following are the
advantage of using Computational fluid dynamics: Computational fluid dynamics
provides a better opportunity to study specific terminologies in the governing
equation in a more detailed manner.
Computational fluid dynamics complements experimental and analytical
approaches by providing an alternative cost effective means of simulating real
fluids flows. Particularly Computational fluid dynamics reduces lead times and
costs in design and production compared with experimentally based approaches
and offers the ability to solve a range of complicated flow problems where the
analytical approach is lacking.
Computational fluid dynamics has the capacity to simulate flow conditions that
are not reproducible in experiment tests found in geophysical and biological fluid
dynamics such as nuclear accident scenarios or scenarios that are too remote to
be simulated experimentally. Computational fluid dynamics does provide
visualized and comprehensive information when compared to analytical and
experimental fluid dynamics.
The following are the limitations of applying Computational fluid dynamics:

Numerical errors always occur in computations. This results in differences
between computational results and reality. Also visualization of numerical
solutions using vectors, contours or animated movies of unsteady flows is by far
the most effective way of interpreting the huge amount of data generated from
numerical calculation.
However this poses a danger that an erroneous solution which appeared better,
will not concur to the expected flow behavior. The following are the
Computational fluid dynamics measurements which can be obtained to assist
design for safety and comfort in passenger airplanes Computational fluid has also
been used in dealing with a number of Complex operational problems in aircraft
design, such as studying the impact Of trailing vortices on the safe operation of
successive aircraft taking off and Landing. It also enhances passenger and crew
comfort by Improving cabin ventilation, heating, and cooling.
As a research tool Computational fluid dynamics can be used to better

understand the physical happenings that can occur in the flow of fluids around
and within the specified objects. These events are closely related to the action
and interaction of associated with dissipation, diffusion, convention, boundary
layers and turbulence. Whether the flows are incompressible or compressible,
many of the most aspects of these types of flows are non- linear and as a
consequence of them do not have analytical solution. This motivates the search
for numerical solutions for partial differential equations.
As a design tool Computational fluid dynamics is used by companies which are

always seeking industrial solutions through the extensive use of Computational
fluid dynamics. For optimization of the product development and processes and
to product the performance of new designs before they are manufactured or
implemented. As a design tool Computational Fluid dynamics has always proved
efficiently by providing important and better insights into the flow characteristics
within the equipment and processes required to increase production, improve
longevity and decrease waste.
As an educational tool Computational fluid dynamics is typically studied at the

higher educational level. There is an approach which leads to a better
understanding of the concepts of fluid flow and heat transfer and greatly benefits
students, understanding of fluid flow concept. Also the students intuition of flow
behavior is improved by the visualization process.
Therefore Computational fluid dynamics educational software package helps

students to solve fluid dynamics problems without the need of a long training
period. Computational fluid dynamics is gives students exposure to essential
Computational fluid dynamics concepts and to expand the learning experience
with real world applications thereby being used as an educational tool.
Computational fluid dynamics can be used to improve cost effective design

procedures in the automotive industry by: Shortening the cycles, optimizing
existing engineering Components and systems to improve energy efficiency and
to meet strict standards and specifications. Improving the the environment of the
car and to study the important external aerodynamics. Decreasing emissions by
applying power strain and engine analyses.
Determining the effects of local geometry changes on the aerodynamics forces

and provides and capability for comparing a multitude of vehicle designs directly.
Providing the in depth understanding into features of in cylinder flows that would
be two difficult and expensive to obtain experimentally. The following are the
advantages of Computational fluid dynamics over experiments: Computational
Simulations provide better source of information that is difficult to obtain by
experiment and they also allow many variations of fluid dynamics problems to be
parametrically studied.
The following are the details Computational fluid dynamics can capture in the
simulation of hydro- cyclones: The flow physics within the cyclone geometry for
the correct prediction of fluid flows. The behaviors of the particulates are also
captured. Computational fluid dynamics in Civil and Environmental industry is
used as follows: It is used to resolve many environmental issues e.g.
its used to foretell the pollutant plume dispersion from cooling lower subjects to
wind conditions. It is also used to agree with strict regulations during the early
design stages of construction. It is used also in the analysis of vital computer
models of huge constructions.
This saves time and cost in exploring all aspects of design before Construction is
begun. It has given environment engineers the ability to capture and to better
understand all the associated flow processes. Computational fluid dynamics is
being employed in the metallurgical processes as follows: Its used in studying
various metallurgical processes and various aspects of specific processes
involved. Its used in providing an insightful understanding of an existing process
and of new process process development.
Its used in the redesign of off- gas systems at different fermo- silicon production
plants in order to assess operating conditions and the qualitative effects of
different process parameter. The following are problems analyzed by
Computational fluid dynamics in nuclear safety: Problems arising from
pressurized thermal shock, coolant mixing and thermal stripping. Containment
issues in nuclear reactors.
The following way is how Computational fluid dynamics is used in power

generation industry: Its used to provide technological edge through a better
understanding of the equipment and processes within these industries.
Computational fluid dynamics is employed to maximize the turbine blades for
generating Constant power under varying wind conditions.
This is so as to maximize return on investment. It is used also in the positioning of

turbines throughout an area to achieve efficient wind capture and to maximize
wake interaction. It is used also to allow engineers to better study the economic
viability of wind farms through wind resource assessments.
The following is the data captured and this how its useful to increase efficiency:
The cause of ineffective operations is one of the data that is established. This data
is used in design improvements and implementation strategies which enhance
the satisfactory levels for example in carbon in ash and helps achieve better
flexibility in plant operation.
Computational fluid dynamics investigates to evaluate the flow around the hand
and forearm of a swimmer during the propulsion of the freestyle and butterfly
strokes. Computational fluid dynamics determines the steady state lift and drag
forces of the hand arm through sophisticated effects of the arm and hand
acceleration and deceleration on the swimmers ability to generate propulsion
forces.
The competitive edge given by Computational fluid dynamics for cyclists is that:
Computational fluid dynamics helps cyclists choose the most streamlined design
for the aerodynamic helmet. Computational fluid dynamics plays a role in the
design of best possible bikes to shave crucial milliseconds off the athletes times.
In the future computational fluid dynamics in the design process that new
product development will evolve from zero- prototype engineering.
Also when it comes to vehicles Computational fluid dynamics will encompass

models with under hood, climate control and external aerodynamics will be put
together into one model to solve and analyses problems in hours and instead of
days. The following are the equations that govern fluid flow and heat transfer, the
continuity equation, the momentum equation, the energy equation and the
turbulent quantity equations.
Boundary conditions are important because they show the appropriate

conditions that copy the real physical representation of the fluid flow a
computational fluid dynamic problem which can be solved. Also the are
important because they govern the fluid behavior upon entering and leaving of
the fluid flow domain. These are curves that are used for monitoring solution,
CFD calculation, and checkingfor convergence It is important to define the
computational domain because they allow the flow dynamics to be sufficiently
developed across the length L of the computational domain.
Using a fine mesh increases the accuracy of a computational fluid dynamics. For
structured mesh the grid points are normally addressed by indices, I and j. where
j represents points that run in the x and I represents points that run in the y
direction. For unstructured mesh there are no coordinate lines that correspond to
the curvilinear directions.
For computational domains the following are the boundary conditions which are
applied: The inflow boundary conditions and the outflow boundary conditions.
For symmetry boundary conditions the normal velocity at the surface is zero,
while the normal gradients of the other velocity components are zero. For cyclic
boundary condition the transport property of one surface is equivalent to the
transport property of the second surface.
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Plagiarism Checker X Originality

Date: Friday, October 13, 2017

THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY SURNAME: MWIINGA NAME: PIMPA SIN:

Computational fluid dynamics is used in the following traditional fluid

The following are the limitations of applying Computational fluid dynamics:

As a research tool Computational fluid dynamics can be used to better

As a design tool Computational fluid dynamics is used by companies which are

As an educational tool Computational fluid dynamics is typically studied at the

Therefore Computational fluid dynamics educational software package helps

Computational fluid dynamics can be used to improve cost effective design

Determining the effects of local geometry changes on the aerodynamics forces

The following way is how Computational fluid dynamics is used in power

This is so as to maximize return on investment. It is used also in the positioning of

Also when it comes to vehicles Computational fluid dynamics will encompass

Boundary conditions are important because they show the appropriate

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