The Parts of Speech

THE PARTS OF SPEECH
All words in the English language can be classified as one of the eight different
parts of speech. Understanding the different parts of speech is important in
understanding how words can and should be joined together to make sentences
that are both grammatically correct and readable. An understanding of the parts of
speech is also important for knowing how to correctly punctuate sentences.
The eight parts of speech are nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs,
conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections.
Noun A noun is generally defined as a person, place, or thing; however, ideas

are also nouns. For example, love is not a tangible thing that can be seen or held,
but clearly it exists, so it is a also a noun.
Nouns can be divided into two main categories: proper nouns and common nouns.
Proper nouns are the names of people or places that are capitalized (Aims
Community College, John Smith, etc.). Common nouns are names that do not
require capitalization (book, chair, school, etc).
Verb A verb is a word that describes action or a state of being. The second part
of this definition is important, as many believe that verbs are always action words
that can be visualized. This is true of action verbs: run, walk, play, jump, sing,
scream, etc.
However, there are also linking verbs, and these types of verbs do not express
action; instead, they express identity, classification, or existence. (The following
are the most common linking verbs: is, am, was, were, are, and verb phrases
ending in be, been, being.)
Verbs often change their form as different endings are added to them. These
endings are changed to show a verbs relationship to time. This is referred to as
verb tense.
Pronoun A pronoun is a word that is used to replace a no un For example,

instead of saying Sam likes pizza we can use He as a substitute for Sam.
Writers need to be careful with pronoun use, as pronouns should only be used after
a noun has been used first, and it must be clear which noun the pronoun is
replacing.
Adjective An adjective modifies (limits or describes) a noun or a pronoun.

Essentially, it provides more information about a person, place, or thing. For
instance, in the sentence Frank is a tall, skinny man, both tall and skinny are
adjectives as they are used to describe Frank.
Adverb Similar to adjectives, an adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another

adverb. In the sentence Susan walked slowly towards the door, the
word slowly serves as an adverb since it describes how she walked.
Preposition A preposition shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun

and some other word in the sentence. This relationship is spatial, temporal, or
directional. For instance, in the sentence Mark walked towards the house, the
word towards is a preposition since it shows direction. When linked with nouns or
pronouns, prepositions create word groups referred to as prepositional phrases. (In
the previous example, towards the house is a prepositional phrase.)
Conjunction Conjunctions are used to link words or parts of sentences together.

There are four different types of conjunctions: coordinating, subordinating, adverb,
and correlative.
Coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) are used to
connect similar words or independent clauses (sentences) together.
Coordinating conjunctions are often referred to with the acronym FANBOYS.
Subordinating conjunctions come at the beginning of subordinate clauses
and are used to connect the subordinate clause to the rest of the sentence
(also referred to as the independent clause). Common subordinating
conjunctions include after, as, although, because, before, even though, if,
once, rather than, since, that, though, unless, until, when, whenever,
whereas, while.
Conjunctive adverbs are transitional words used to connect one sentence
to another. Common conjunctive adverbs include additionally, in addition,
moreover, also, consequently, furthermore, otherwise, instead, for instance,
for example, however, on the other hand, conversely, nevertheless,
accordingly, therefore, generally, in fact, in other words, in conclusion,
finally.
Correlative conjunctions are a combination of a coordinating conjunction
and another word (example: In the sentence both John and I are having a
hard time with the homework, bothand are the correlative conjunctions.)
For more information about conjunctions and how to use and punctuate them, view
the using conjunctions page.
Interjection An interjection is a word added to a sentence to convey emotion and

is not grammatically related to any other part of the sentence. Interjections can
also serve as a single word sentence (ex: Wow!). Interjections are rarely used in
academic writing and their use should be avoided in most essays.
THE PARTS OF SPEECH

All words in the English language can be classified as one of the eight different
parts of speech. Understanding the different parts of speech is important in
understanding how words can and should be joined together to make sentences
that are both grammatically correct and readable. An understanding of the parts of
speech is also important for knowing how to correctly punctuate sentences.
The eight parts of speech are nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs,
conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections.
Noun A noun is generally defined as a person, place, or thing; however, ideas

are also nouns. For example, love is not a tangible thing that can be seen or held,
but clearly it exists, so it is a also a noun.
Nouns can be divided into two main categories: proper nouns and common nouns.
Proper nouns are the names of people or places that are capitalized (Aims
Community College, John Smith, etc.). Common nouns are names that do not
require capitalization (book, chair, school, etc).
Verb A verb is a word that describes action or a state of being. The second part
of this definition is important, as many believe that verbs are always action words
that can be visualized. This is true of action verbs: run, walk, play, jump, sing,
scream, etc.
However, there are also linking verbs, and these types of verbs do not express
action; instead, they express identity, classification, or existence. (The following
are the most common linking verbs: is, am, was, were, are, and verb phrases
ending in be, been, being.)
Verbs often change their form as different endings are added to them. These
endings are changed to show a verbs relationship to time. This is referred to as
verb tense.
Pronoun A pronoun is a word that is used to replace a noun For example,

instead of saying Sam likes pizza we can use He as a substitute for Sam.
Writers need to be careful with pronoun use, as pronouns should only be used after
a noun has been used first, and it must be clear which noun the pronoun is
replacing.
Adjective An adjective modifies (limits or describes) a noun or a pronoun.

Essentially, it provides more information about a person, place, or thing. For
instance, in the sentence Frank is a tall, skinny man, both tall and skinny are
adjectives as they are used to describe Frank.
Adverb Similar to adjectives, an adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another

adverb. In the sentence Susan walked slowly towards the door, the
word slowly serves as an adverb since it describes how she walked.
Preposition A preposition shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun

and some other word in the sentence. This relationship is spatial, temporal, or
directional. For instance, in the sentence Mark walked towards the house, the
word towards is a preposition since it shows direction. When linked with nouns or
pronouns, prepositions create word groups referred to as prepositional phrases. (In
the previous example, towards the house is a prepositional phrase.)
Conjunction Conjunctions are used to link words or parts of sentences together.

There are four different types of conjunctions: coordinating, subordinating, adverb,
and correlative.
Coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) are used to
connect similar words or independent clauses (sentences) together.
Coordinating conjunctions are often referred to with the acronym FANBOYS.
Subordinating conjunctions come at the beginning of subordinate clauses
and are used to connect the subordinate clause to the rest of the sentence
(also referred to as the independent clause). Common subordinating
conjunctions include after, as, although, because, before, even though, if,
once, rather than, since, that, though, unless, until, when, when ever,
whereas, while.
Conjunctive adverbs are transitional words used to connect one sentence
to another. Common conjunctive adverbs include additionally, in addition,
moreover, also, consequently, furthermore, otherwise, instead, for instance,
for example, however, on the other hand, conversely, nevertheless,
accordingly, therefore, generally, in fact, in other words, in conclusion,
finally.
Correlative conjunctions are a combination of a coordinating conjunction
and another word (example: In the sentence both John and I are having a
hard time with the homework, bothand are the correlative conjunctions.)
For more information about conjunctions and how to use and punctuate them, view
the using conjunctions page.
Interjection An interjection is a word added to a sentence to convey emotion and

is not grammatically related to any other part of the s entence. Interjections can
also serve as a single word sentence (ex: Wow!). Interjections are rarely used in
academic writing and their use should be avoided in most essays.

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THE PARTS OF SPEECH

Noun A noun is generally defined as a person, place, or thing; however, ideas

Pronoun A pronoun is a word that is used to replace a no un For example,

Adjective An adjective modifies (limits or describes) a noun or a pronoun.

Adverb Similar to adjectives, an adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another

Preposition A preposition shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun

Conjunction Conjunctions are used to link words or parts of sentences together.

Interjection An interjection is a word added to a sentence to convey emotion and