Automatic Garbage Intimator

(Basics, introduction &applications)

A SEMINAR REPORT
Submitted

In the partial fulfilment of the requirements for

The award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

By
P.ASHUTOSH
(B15EC004)

Under the supervision of

Dr. K. Ashoka Reddy, Professor

Estd.1980

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

KAKATIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
(An Autonomous Institute under the Kakatiya University, Warangal)
WARANGAL 506015
2017-2018
 KAKATIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
(An Autonomous Institute under the Kakatiya University, Warangal)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Estd.1980

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that seminar report entitled Automatic Garbage

Intimator embodies the original work done by P.ASHUTOSH bearing the Roll
Number B15EC004 studying V Semester in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
award of degree of the Bachelor of Technology in Electronics & Communication
Engineering from KAKATIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, WARANGAL
during the academic year 2017-2018.

Supervisor Head of the Department:

Dr. K. Ashoka Reddy, Dr. G.Raghotham Reddy

Professor Professor & Head,
Dept. of ECE Dept. of ECE
KITS, Warangal. KITS, Warangal

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to my Seminar Supervisor Dr. K.

Ashoka Reddy, Professor,KITS-Warangal, for valuable support in making the seminar
complete in time.
I sincerely thank the Seminar Convener, Smt. A.Vijaya, Associate professor, &
Seminar Coordinator, Sri S.Pradeep Kumar, Asst. Professor, Dept. of ECE for timely
conduction of seminars.

I heart fully thank Dr. G. Raghotham Reddy, Professor & Head, Dept. of ECE for
his constant support and encouragement.

I cordially thank Dr. P.Venkateshwar Rao, Principal, KITS, Warangal, for his
kind gesture and support.

I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Y.Manohar, Director, KITS, Warangal, for

being a source of strength.

Finally, I thank all those people who are responsible for making this report
possible through meaningful contribution.

P.ASHUTOSH
B15EC004

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 CONTENTS
1. Abstract.. (4)
2. List of figures....(5)
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION..(6)
1.1 Aurdino
1.2 GSM module
1.3 GPS module
1.4 ULTRA SONIC sensor
1.5 LCD display
1.6 Air Quality sensor
CHAPTER 2. PROPOSED SYSTEM....(22)
2.1 Circuit diagram
2.2 Flow chart
2.3 Components Used
CHAPTER 3. WORKING... (25)
CHAPTER 4. ADVANTAGES..(26)
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION(27)
CHAPTER 6. REFERENCES.(27)

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Title of the seminar:
AUTOMATIC GARBAGE INTIMATOR
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Nowadays garbage and recycling work is physically
demanding and it exposes a large number of workers. The automatic
garbage intimator as name implies is designed to fulfill the task of
collecting garbage from certain places and then dispose it at a single place
from where the garbage could be then taken for disposal or process of
recycling. This intimator indicates the level and location of the garbage bin
and indicates the worker about the waste.
Methodology: It uses GSM and GPRS technology.At the first it initializes
all the components used and checks for the signal.Once the signal is
received from the sensor it intimates the worker.After the work has been
done it will be displayed on the LCD display.
Applications: Besides increasing the technology we can make our
environment eco friendly. We can save a lot of fuel, labour wages and time.
KEYWORDS: GSM,GPRS,AURDINO,LCD display, Ultrasonic sensors
References:
[1] Waste Management: By Jacqueline Vaughn, Economics and the
Environment: By Ian wills,Embeded for you.
[2] http://en.Wikipedia.Org/Wiki/Tracing garbage collection

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List of figures:
1.1.1 :This is an Arduino Uno....(7)
1.1.2 :Pin diagram of Arduino...(8)
1.1.3 : Basic Arduino board....(12)
1.1.4 :Lily pad Arduino board......(13)
1.1.5 : Red Board...(13)
1.1.6 :Arduino Mega(R3)........(14)
1.1.7 :Arduino Leonardo.......(15)
1.2.1 :GSM module.......(16)
1.2.2 :Types of GSM module.(17)
1.3.1: GPS module.....................................................................(18)
1.4.1: ULTRASONIC sensor.........................................................(19)
1.4.2:Basic ultrasonic sensor operation.....................................(20)
1.5.1:LCD display........................................................................(21)
1.6.1:Air Quality Sensor.............................................................(22)
2.1.1:Block diagram of the setup...............................................(23)
2.2.1:Flow chart of the circuit....................................................(24)
3.1: Working Model...................................................................(26)

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 1. INTRODUCTION
We live in a time unlike any other. With so many technological
advancements at our fingertips, our lives are made easier, which is
fortunate considering the fast-paced lives most of us lead. In recent
years, great strides have been made in making homes a bit more tech
savvy. This technology, in short, allows the head of the department to
control whole garbage waste from where to collect and where to and
also intimates the truck driver to go in which direction

The use of this automatic system is that truck driver does not to check
all the dustbins and waste time . He gets all the information of the
dustbins in his way if in emergency dustbin has filled up immediately
driver gets the message to collect it, so diseases will not spread.
The message can be send in our format.
In this project we have
One U V sensor for detection purpose,
One GSM ,GPRS module for sending signal
One LCD display
An Arduino board

We should program the board according to the need.

1.1 Arduino

Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics

projects. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit
board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software,
or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your

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computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical
board.
The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just
starting out with electronics, and for good reason. Unlike most previous
programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not need a separate
piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to load new code
onto the board you can simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the
Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to
program. Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks
out the functions of the micro-controller into a more accessible
package.

Fig 1.1.1 :This is an Arduino Uno

The Uno is one of the more popular boards in the Arduino family and a
great choice for beginners.

What Does it Do?

The Arduino hardware and software was designed for artists, designers,
hobbyists, hackers, newbies, and anyone interested in creating
interactive objects or environments. Arduino can interact with buttons,
LEDs, motors, speakers, GPS units, cameras, the internet, and even your
smart-phone or your TV! This flexibility combined with the fact that the
Arduino software is free, the hardware boards are pretty cheap, and
both the software and hardware are easy to learn has led to a large

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community of users who have contributed code and released
instructions for a huge variety of Arduino-based projects.
For everything from robots and a heating pad hand warming blanket to
honest fortune-telling machines, and even a Dungeons and Dragons
dice-throwing gauntlet, the Arduino can be used as the brains behind
almost any electronics project.

What's on the board?

There are many varieties of Arduino boards that can be used for
different purposes. Some boards look a bit different from the one
below, but most Arduinos have the majority of these components in
common:

Fig 1.1.2 PIN DIAGRAM OF ARDUINO

Power (USB / Barrel Jack)

Every Arduino board needs a way to be connected to a power source.
The Arduino UNO can be powered from a USB cable coming from your
computer or a wall power supply (like this) that is terminated in a barrel

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jack. In the picture above the USB connection is labeled (1) and the
barrel jack is labeled (2).
The USB connection is also how you will load code onto your Arduino
board.
NOTE: Do NOT use a power supply greater than 20 Volts as you will
overpower (and thereby destroy) your Arduino. The recommended
voltage for most Arduino models is between 6 and 12 Volts.

Pins (5V, 3.3V, GND, Analog, Digital, PWM, AREF)

The pins on your Arduino are the places where you connect wires to
construct a circuit (probably in conjuction with a breadboard and some
wire. They usually have black plastic headers that allow you to just
plug a wire right into the board. The Arduino has several different kinds
of pins, each of which is labeled on the board and used for different
functions.

GND (3): Short for Ground. There are several GND pins on the
Arduino, any of which can be used to ground your circuit.
5V (4) & 3.3V (5): As you might guess, the 5V pin supplies 5 volts of
power, and the 3.3V pin supplies 3.3 volts of power. Most of the
simple components used with the Arduino run happily off of 5 or
3.3 volts.
Analog (6): The area of pins under the Analog In label (A0 through
A5 on the UNO) are Analog In pins. These pins can read the signal
from an analog sensor (like a temperature sensor) and convert it
into a digital value that we can read.
Digital (7): Across from the analog pins are the digital pins (0
through 13 on the UNO). These pins can be used for both digital
input (like telling if a button is pushed) and digital output (like
powering an LED).
PWM (8): You may have noticed the tilde (~) next to some of the
digital pins (3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 on the UNO). These pins act as

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 normal digital pins, but can also be used for something called Pulse-
Width Modulation (PWM). We have a tutorial on PWM, but for
now, think of these pins as being able to simulate analog output
(like fading an LED in and out).
AREF (9): Stands for Analog Reference. Most of the time you can
leave this pin alone. It is sometimes used to set an external
reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the
analog input pins.

Reset Button
Just like the original Nintendo, the Arduino has a reset button (10).
Pushing it will temporarily connect the reset pin to ground and restart
any code that is loaded on the Arduino. This can be very useful if your
code doesnt repeat, but you want to test it multiple times. Unlike the
original Nintendo however, blowing on the Arduino doesnt usually fix
any problems.

Power LED Indicator

Just beneath and to the right of the word UNO on your circuit board,
theres a tiny LED next to the word ON (11). This LED should light up
whenever you plug your Arduino into a power source. If this light
doesnt turn on, theres a good chance something is wrong. Time to re-
check your circuit!

TX RX LEDs
TX is short for transmit, RX is short for receive. These markings appear
quite a bit in electronics to indicate the pins responsible for serial
communication. In our case, there are two places on the Arduino UNO
where TX and RX appear once by digital pins 0 and 1, and a second
time next to the TX and RX indicator LEDs (12). These LEDs will give us
some nice visual indications whenever our Arduino is receiving or

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transmitting data (like when were loading a new program onto the
board).

Main IC
The black thing with all the metal legs is an IC, or Integrated Circuit (13).
Think of it as the brains of our Arduino. The main IC on the Arduino is
slightly different from board type to board type, but is usually from the
ATmega line of ICs from the ATMEL company. This can be important, as
you may need to know the IC type (along with your board type) before
loading up a new program from the Arduino software. This information
can usually be found in writing on the top side of the IC. If you want to
know more about the difference between various ICs, reading the
datasheets is often a good idea.

Voltage Regulator
The voltage regulator (14) is not actually something you can (or should)
interact with on the Arduino. But it is potentially useful to know that it
is there and what its for. The voltage regulator does exactly what it
says it controls the amount of voltage that is let into the Arduino
board. Think of it as a kind of gatekeeper; it will turn away an extra
voltage that might harm the circuit. Of course, it has its limits, so dont
hook up your Arduino to anything greater than 20 volts.

The Arduino Family

Arduino makes several different boards, each with different
capabilities. In addition, part of being open source hardware means
that others can modify and produce derivatives of Arduino boards that
provide even more form factors and functionality. Here are a few
options that are well-suited to someone new to the world of Arduino:

Arduino Uno (R3)

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The Uno is a great choice for your first Arduino. Its got everything you
need to get started, and nothing you dont. It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog
inputs, a USB connection, a power jack, a reset button and more. It
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply
connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC
adapter or battery to get started.

Fig 1.1.3:Basic Arduino board

Lilly pad arduino

This is LilyPad Arduino main board! LilyPad is a wearable e-textile
technology developed by Leah Buechley and cooperatively designed by
Leah and SparkFun. Each LilyPad was creatively designed with large
connecting pads and a flat back to allow them to be sewn into clothing
with conductive thread. The LilyPad also has its own family of input,
output, power, and sensor boards that are also built specifically for e-
textiles. Theyre even washable!

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Fig 1.1.4 :Lily pad Arduino board

RedBoard
The RedBoard can be programmed over a USB Mini-B cable using the
Arduino IDE. Itll work on Windows 8 without having to change your
security settings (we used signed drivers, unlike the UNO). Its more
stable due to the USB/FTDI chip we used, plus its completely flat on
the back, making it easier to embed in your projects. Just plug in the
board, select Arduino UNO from the board menu and youre ready to
upload code. You can power the RedBoard over USB or through the
barrel jack. The on-board power regulator can handle anything from 7
to 15VDC.

Fig 1.1.5 Red Board

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Arduino Mega (R3)
The Arduino Mega is like the UNOs big brother. It has lots (54!) of
digital input/output pins (14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog
inputs, a USB connection, a power jack, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to
a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started. The large number of pins make this board very
handy for projects that require a bunch of digital inputs or outputs (like
lots of LEDs or buttons).

Fig 1.1.6 Arduino Mega(R3)

Arduino Leonardo
The Leonardo is Arduinos first development board to use one
microcontroller with built-in USB. This means that it can be cheaper
and simpler. Also, because the board is handling USB directly, code
libraries are available which allow the board to emulate a computer
keyboard, mouse, and more!

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Fig 1.1.7 Arduino Leonardo

The Extended Family

While your Arduino board sure is pretty, it cant do a whole lot on its
own youve got to hook it up to something. There are lots of tutorials
here on learn as well as the links back in the What does it do section,
but rarely do we talk about the general kinds of things you can easily
hook into. In this section well introduce basic sensors as well as
Arduino shields, two of the most handy tools to use in bringing your
projects to life.

1.2 GSM Module

What is GSM module ?

GSM/GPRS module is used to establish communication between a computer and

a GSM-GPRS system. Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is an
architecture used for mobile communication in most of the countries. Global Packet
Radio Service (GPRS) is an extension of GSM that enables higher data transmission
rate. GSM/GPRS module consists of a GSM/GPRS modem assembled together
with power supply circuit and communication interfaces (like RS-232, USB, etc) for
computer. GSM/GPRS MODEM is a class of wireless MODEM devices that are
designed for communication of a computer with the GSM and GPRS network. It
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requires aSIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card just like mobile phones to activate
communication with the network. Also they have IMEI (International Mobile Equipment
Identity) number similar to mobile phones for their identification. A GSM/GPRS MODEM
can perform the following operations:
1. Receive, send or delete SMS messages in a SIM.
2. Read, add, search phonebook entries of the SIM.
The MODEM needs AT commands, for interacting with processor or controller, which
are communicated through serial communication. These commands are sent by the
controller/processor. The MODEM sends back a result after it receives a command.
Different AT commands supported by the MODEM can be sent by the processor with
GSM.

Fig 1.2.1 GSM module

Types of GSM modules

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 GSM module

module-GSM

PCS module

GSM-module-SIM

M2M module

UMTS module

3g-module

3G modem

GSM engine

Python

Fig : 1.2.2 Types of GSM modules

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1.3 GPS Module
What is GPS module ?

GPS stands for global positioning system, also called NavStar

The GPS receiver gets a signal from each GPS satellite

the GPS receiver can determine your position in three dimensions - east,
north and altitude.

To determine the location of the GPS satellites two types of data are
required:

1. The almanac and

2. The ephemeris.

A GPS device can retrieve from the GPS system location and time
information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth.
A GPS reception requires an unobstructed line of sight to four or
more GPS satellites, and is subject to poor satellite signal conditions.
In exceptionally poor signal conditions, for example in urban areas,
satellite signals may exhibit multipath propagation where signals
bounce off structures, or are weakened by meteorological conditions.
Obstructed lines of sight may arise from a tree canopy or inside a
structure, such as in a building, garage or tunnel.

Fig : 1.3.1 GPS module

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1.4 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
What is ultrasonic sensor?
An Ultrasonic sensor is a device that can measure the distance to an
object by using sound waves. It measures distance by sending out a
sound wave at a specific frequency and listening for that sound wave to
bounce back. By recording the elapsed time between the sound wave
being generated and the sound wave bouncing back, it is possible to
calculate the distance between the sonar sensor and the object.

Fig : 1.4.1 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

WORKING:
The Ultrasonic Sensor sends out a high-frequency sound pulse and then
times how long it takes for the echo of the sound to reflect back.
Features:
1.Measurement of dynamically changing diameters
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 2.Measurement of dynamically changing distances
3.Measurement of dynamically changing heights
4.Measurement of dynamically changing depths

.In a similar way to radar and sonar , ultrasonic

transducers are used in systems which evaluate targets by
interpreting the reflected signals.

.Ultrasonic probes and ultrasonic baths apply ultrasonic

energy to agitate particles in a wide range of materials

Fig : 1.4.2 Basic ultrasonic sensor operation

1.5 LCD DISPLAY
What isLCD display?
LCD (liquid crystal display) is the technology used for displays in
notebook and other smaller computers. Like light-emitting diode (LED)
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and gas-plasma technologies, LCDs allow displays to be much thinner
than cathode ray tube (CRT) technology. LCDs consume much less
power than LED and gas-display displays because they work on the
principle of blocking light rather than emitting it.

Fig : 1.5.1 LCD DISPLAY

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there
are 2 such lines.

The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the

LCD

LCDs are used in a wide range of applications including computer

monitors, televisions, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, and
indoor and outdoor signage. Small LCD screens are common in portable
consumer devices such as digital cameras, watches, calculators, and mobile
telephones, including smartphones.

1.6 AIR QUALITY SENSOR

What is Air Quality Sensor?
Air pollution sensors are devices that detect and monitor the
presence of air pollution in the surrounding area. They can be
used for both indoor and outdoor environments. These sensors
can be built at home, or bought from certain manufactures.

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Although there are various types of air pollution sensors, and
some are specialized in certain aspects, the majority focuses on
five components: ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide,
sulfur dioxide , and nitrous oxide.

Fig : 1.6.1 AIR QUALITY SENSOR

Ideal for use in office or factory, simple drive and monitoring
circuit.

2.PROPOSED SYSTEM
The process of making the things automatic is being exploited in almost
all the major fields of life. Solid waste which is one of the sources and
causes of environmental pollution has been defined under Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act as any solid, semi-solid liquid or
contained gaseous materials discarded from industrial, commercial,
mining or agricultural operations and from community activities . The

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type of wastes which constitute environmental pollution and which this
work emphasizes on is domestic refuse consisting of degradable food
wastes, leaves, dead animals and non-degradable ones such as plastics,
bottles, nylon, medical and hospital wastes, generated in households,
hospitals, industries and commercial centers . In other words, solid
wastes may be defined as the organic and inorganic waste materials
produced by various activities of the society and which have lost their
value to the first user . To overcome this problem a new approach,
Automatic waste management system is proposed.With the help of the
intimator we can decrease the usage of labour .The garbage can be
kept on checking daily by the managers and also can check whether the
labours are working properly or not .

2.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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 Fig : 2.1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SETUP
2.2 FLOW CHART

Fig : 2.2.1 FLOW CHART OF THE CIRCUIT

2.3 COMPONENTS USED

1. GSM MODULE

2. GPS MODULE

3. ARDUINO

4. LCD DISPLAY

5. ULTRA SONIC SENSOR

6. AIR QUALITY SENSOR

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 7. BATTERIES

8. JUMPER WIRES

9. BREAD BOARD

3 . WORKING
In This Setup Firstly The Setup Gets Switched On And Then
Immediately It Initializes The Gsm, Gps, Lcd Display
Components . As Soon As The Power Gets Supplied To The
Components They Start Working .They Sends A Signal To The
Ultrasonic Sensor Such That It Starts Working .Ultrasonic Sensor
Starts Working And It Checks For The Level Of The Garbage In
The Garbage Bin Until It Is Filled Upto 80% If It Reaches Above
80% It Sends The Information To The Driver And The Person To
Whom Its To Be Sent That The Garbage Is Filled Such That They
Can Clean It. Even The Manager Also Can Check Whether
Labours Are Working Properly Or Not .After The Signal Is
Checked By The Ultrasonic Sensor It Sends The Information To
The Gsm,Gps Modules Such That The Position Of The Dustbin Is
Sent To The Truck Driver .If Even After Information Sent To The
Driver It Is Not Cleared It Sends The Information To The
Manager That The Dustbin Is Not Filled .The Whole Thing Can
Be Observed In The Lcd Display.

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 Fig : 3.1 WORKING MODEL

4. ADVANTAGES
1. Optimization of resources
2. Optimized routes
3. Waste level monitoring
4. Reduced CO2 emission
5. The Green City
6. Reduces the wages of the labour

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5.CONCLUSION
1. SMART CITY FORMATION

With this we can make our city as fully advanced technology

used area .so that we can make our city as a smart city.
Nowadays all the people and leaders are making much to
make all the cities into smart cities . This can be a part of the
future step.

2. CLEANLINESS IS NEXT TO GODLINESS.

We all know that where there is clean there will be no

diseases and all the people in that area will be fully hygienic.
So this can show that CLEANLINESS IS NEXT TO GODLINESS.

6.REFERENCES
[1] Waste Management: By Jacqueline Vaughn, Economics and the
Environment: By Ian wills,Embeded for you.
[2] http://en.Wikipedia.Org/Wiki/Tracing garbage collection

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