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    Types of Immune Cells: Tissue

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    Liz Paige
    The document summarizes the different types of immune cells found in tissues and blood, as well as their roles in innate and adaptive immunity. In tissues, macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils help detect pathogens and initiate immune responses. Blood contains granulocytes like neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, as well as lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Innate immunity involves detection of pathogens by pattern recognition receptors on macrophages, followed by signaling, recruitment of neutrophils, and neutrophil-mediated clearance of microbes. Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory through B and T cells and has higher specificity than innate immunity.

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    Types of Immune Cells: Tissue

    Uploaded by

    Liz Paige
    39 views3 pages
    The document summarizes the different types of immune cells found in tissues and blood, as well as their roles in innate and adaptive immunity. In tissues, macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils help detect pathogens and initiate immune responses. Blood contains granulocytes like neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, as well as lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Innate immunity involves detection of pathogens by pattern recognition receptors on macrophages, followed by signaling, recruitment of neutrophils, and neutrophil-mediated clearance of microbes. Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory through B and T cells and has higher specificity than innate immunity.

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    The document summarizes the different types of immune cells found in tissues and blood, as well as their roles in innate and adaptive immunity. In tissues, macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils help detect pathogens and initiate immune responses. Blood contains granulocytes like neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, as well as lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Innate immunity involves detection of pathogens by pattern recognition receptors on macrophages, followed by signaling, recruitment of neutrophils, and neutrophil-mediated clearance of microbes. Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory through B and T cells and has higher specificity than innate immunity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    39 views3 pages

    Types of Immune Cells: Tissue

    Uploaded by

    Liz Paige
    The document summarizes the different types of immune cells found in tissues and blood, as well as their roles in innate and adaptive immunity. In tissues, macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils help detect pathogens and initiate immune responses. Blood contains granulocytes like neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, as well as lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Innate immunity involves detection of pathogens by pattern recognition receptors on macrophages, followed by signaling, recruitment of neutrophils, and neutrophil-mediated clearance of microbes. Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory through B and T cells and has higher specificity than innate immunity.

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    Types of Immune Cells

    Tissue
    - Macrophage/mast celll: sentinels
    o Detect pathogens
    o Quickly secrete cytokines and chemokines
    - Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs):
    - Dendritic cells (DCs):
    - Neutrophils: take up and destroy microbes
    o Most numerous cells in immune system

    Blood
    - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
    o Granulocytes (+): have specialized secretory lysosomes
    o Neutrophils (n)
    Phagocytes: reside in blood until tissue is inflamed
    o Eosinophils: acidic
    o Basophils: basic
    - Mononuclear cells
    o NK Cells
    o Lymphocytes (T+B cells)
    o Plasmacytoid DCs: pump out IFN-1 to initiate anti-viral state

    Various
    - B Cells: secrete antibodies (bone marrow)
    - T Cells: recognize protein fragment regardless of origin (thymus)
    - Natural killer (NK) cells: recognize antibodies bound to viral antigens and kill infected
    cell
    - Nave lymphocytes: WBCs that have never seen an antigen and must find the one for
    which they are specific in the lymph nodes
    o Require two signals to mature
    Antigen signal
    Constimulation if antigen is dangerous
    - Effector lymphocytes: go to the site of infection
    o Most die when infection is cleared
    o Some become memory cells

    Innate Immunity
    Signal Sequence
    - Responds to generic structures (e.g. flagellum, mannose) to launch an immediate
    immune response
    - Four signs of inflammation
    o Heat: dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels
    o Redness: dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels
    o Swelling: dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels
    o Pain: migration and explosion of inflammatory cells
    1. Detection: macrophages/mast cells engulf microbe
    2. Signal: macrophages secrete cytokines to make blood vessels sticky and induce
    vasodilation to increase blood flow and recruit WBCs
    3. Rolling: neutrophils stick to blood vessel vascular endothelium in rolling
    4. Integrin activation: chemokines detection and activate integrins, which mediate firm
    adhesion by the integrin arm
    5. Extravasation: neutrophils migrate to compromised tissue by following chemokines
    6. Neutrophil action: eat up microbes, die, and release intracellular contents to form pus

    Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns


    - Types of pathogens
    o Viruses (~20-300 nm)
    o Bacteria (~1 m)
    o Parasites
    Protozoa (~10 m, single celled eukaryotes)
    Worms (multicellular, millimeters to feet)
    o Fungi
    - PAMPS: highly conserved molecular structures
    o Peptidoglycan (PGN): Cell wall component of gram+ bacteria
    o Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): Membrane component of gram- bacteria
    TLR4 - extracellular
    o Flagellin: motility projection
    TLR5
    o Double stranded RNA (dsRNA): viral replication product
    o Unmethylated CpG DNA: multiple repeats of C and G on the same strand not
    common in mammalian genome
    TLR 9 endosome
    o Mannose: sugar that we mostly get rid of in biosynthetic pathways
    o N-formyl methionine: modification in bacterial proteins

    Adaptive Immunity
    - Responds over several days and creates immunological memory
    - Central tolerance: self-recognizing lymphocytes destroyed

    Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity


    - Limited diversity - Almost infinite diversity
    - Immediate - Slow
    - Limited specificity - High specificity
    - Limited memory - Memory
    - Amplified by adaptive immunity - Requires innate immune signal

    Antibodies
    - functions:
    o neutralization: bind to virus and inhibit ability to interact with other cells
    o complement activation: binds to bacterium and recruits/activates proteins to
    lyse the bacterium
    o opsonization: tag antigens for macrophages

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