EXPRO Policies and Safety: Section 1

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Section 1
EXPRO Policies and Safety
Table of Contents
Expro Policies.............................................................. 12
HSEQC Policy................................................... 12
Quality Policy..................................................... 13
Pressure Test Policy......................................... 14
H2S Policy......................................................... 17
Safety........................................................................... 1 13
General HSE Guidelines................................... 1 13
PPE................................................................... 1 14
Safety Meetings and Tool Box Talks................. 1 16
Driving Safety.................................................... 1 17
Risk Assessments............................................. 1 18
H2S and Hazardous Substances...................... 1 25
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) 1 28
Revised September 2008

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Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy

The Policy of Expro International Group Plc is to:
Conduct our business in a manner that prevents harm to people and the
environment as a result of our operations.
The management and control of risk, prevention of harm and compliance with legal
and similar requirements are essential to the success of our business.
We will always plan to execute our operations with consideration for our own
employees, our customers, contractors, shareholders and the wider public.
The requirements of the Group HSE Policy are to:-

Prevent harm to people or the environment as a result of our operations
Define and communicate responsibility and accountability for HSE activities
Provide and maintain a safe and healthy workplace and work equipment
Provide and maintain a safe and efficient work method for HSE critical
activities
Pro-actively identify, eliminate or minimise any potential source of harm to
people or the environment arising from our activities
To acknowledge and respond to HSE concerns raised by our own employees,
customers, contractors, shareholders and the wider public
Ensure our employees and contractors are provided with the necessary
information, instruction, training and supervision to enable them to work
without causing or sustaining harm.
Define measurable objectives and targets for HSE performance
Establish and maintain effective HSE management controls
Measure, monitor and communicate performance against HSE objectives and
targets
Continuously improve our HSE performance
The organisation and arrangements for implementing this Policy within the Expro
Group are detailed in the Health, Safety and Environment Policy & Expectations
document and supporting information.
Graeme Coutts,
Chief Executive Officer
9th September 2007
The Expro Group ensures that this Policy is;

Understood: By explaining it during the employees initial induction programme and
following any subsequent changes.
Implemented: By regularly auditing the HSE Management system.
Maintained: By conducting Management reviews to verify the continued
effectiveness of the Policy.

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Quality Policy
Expro International Group Plc is committed to:
Provide services and products that consistently meet our customers expectations.
Ensure everyone working for the Expro Group is fully aware of their responsibility for
quality and for ensuring all business processes that may impact upon quality are
performed in a controlled manner.
Adopt best management practices in order to promote continual improvement of our
business processes, for the benefit of all our stakeholders.
The Group Quality Policy requirements are to:-

Understand both internal and external customers needs and expectations by
developing robust management systems to deliver customer satisfaction
Define and communicate responsibility and accountability to employees who
own those business processes that can impact quality
Identify, implement and maintain systems of control for quality critical activities
to ensure effective and efficient work methods
Work closely with our customers and suppliers to continually develop supply
chains and partnerships that deliver mutual benefit
Provide adequate resources to ensure objectives are achieved
Monitor and measure processes, services and products to ensure that both
internal and external customer requirements have been achieved
Respond to Quality concerns raised by our own employees, customers,
contractors, shareholders and the wider public to continually improve our
performance
Ensure the development of our employees skills by providing the necessary
information, instruction, training and supervision to enable them to achieve
specified requirements
Identify, measure, monitor and communicate Key Performance Indicators
against Quality objectives and targets
The organisation and arrangements for implementing this Policy within the Expro
Group are detailed in Group and Region supporting information.
Graeme Coutts,
Chief Executive Officer
1st March 2007
The Expro Group ensures that this Policy is;
Understood: By explaining it during the employees initial induction programme and
following any subsequent changes.
Implemented: By regularly auditing Quality Management systems.
Maintained: By conducting Management reviews to verify the continued
effectiveness of the Policy.

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Pressure Testing Policy
Pressure Test Policy Terminology
Operating Pressure
The normal operating pressure that the system will be exposed to (i.e. wellhead
pressure, expected pump pressure).
Pressure Test
Normally performed at the Well Site and always equals operating pressure plus a
safety margin. This safety margin is 1.2 times the maximum expected operating
pressure (never to exceed MWP of the equipment).
Maximum Work Pressure

The equipments maximum pressure rating by design must never be exceeded in
well site operations. The MWP of a Pressure Control Equipment (PCE) System
is limited to the lowest rated component in the rig-up.
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Always equal and never exceeding the Well Site Pressure Test.
Test Pressure (or Factory Test)

Demonstrates the pressure integrity of new equipment or to re-certify older
equipment (re-certification should be performed every 5 years). Test Pressure is
done by applying a specified pressure above MWP of the equipment; 1.5 times MWP
for equipment with a rating equal or more than 5000 psi, and 2 times MWP for
equipment with rating less than 5000 psi. The Test Pressure should only be carried
out under test bay conditions.
Proof Test
Demonstrates the integrity of the pressure equipment when the wall thickness of all
equipment part/parts is in doubt or the pressure rating cannot be accurately
calculated. Always conducted with a liquid test medium under test bay conditions,
the pressure is applied in stages until specified pressure is reached or the proof test
fails.
Leak Test
Carried out to confirm that the pressure retaining equipment does not leak while
under pressure. Leak testing is generally carried out at a low pressure (i.e. 500 psi),
this is held for a period of 5 minutes and an inspection carried out to make sure that
no visible leaks exist.
Function Test
Ensures that the pressure equipment moveable parts can be activated under
pressure to confirm functionality (e.g. opening/closing of valves). The pressure
applied should not be above the pressure equipment rated MWP.

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All pressure equipment to be pressure tested must have a current certification

and a steel test band indicating:
a) Maximum Working Pressure (MWP)
b) Test pressure
c) Test Date
d) Test certification number
e) Service: Standard or Sour
f) Inspection authority stamp or authenticity
The equipment shall not be used if this band is missing.
The pressure equipment shall only be used in a sweet or sour environment if

all the components in the rig-up are certified - if in a sour environment in
accordance with NACE MR-01-75 regulations, as being fit for service in H2S.
A safety margin of 1.2 times the maximum expected operating pressure is
required for all pressure testing operations, for example:
a) The expected wellhead pressure is 10500 psi.

10500 x 1.2 = 12600 psi
Therefore 15,000 psi MWP rating equipment must be used.

The equipment is pressure tested at the well site to 12600 psi.
Maximum allowable operating pressure is 12600 psi; this is the

maximum allowable pressure during the operation.
b) The expected wellhead pressure is 0 psi, but the contingency planning

indicates 2000 psi.
2000 x 1.2 = 2400 psi
Therefore 3000 psi MWP rating equipment can be selected.
The equipment is pressure tested at the well site to 2400 psi.
Maximum allowable operating pressure is 2400 psi; this is the maximum
allowable pressure during the operation.
Prior to any pressure testing taking place a Risk Assessment and Toolbox
Talk must be conducted. Ensure that a work permit is raised for the testing.
The immediate area of the pressure test shall be cordoned off and a
responsible person shall be sited to monitor the test area.
Prior to pressure testing, all personnel shall be informed by Public Address
(PA) announcement of the location of the pressure test and instructed to keep
clear. If pressure testing is continuing for some time then regular PA
announcements should be made, stating that pressure testing is still ongoing
and informing all personal to continue to obey the signs and barriers.
Prior to commencing any pressure testing, all control lines and hoses that will
be pressurised must be tied down and secured.

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Never approach or allow any person to approach a system undergoing a

pressure test.
If during the test, any leaks are discovered then pressure should be bled off
the system before remedial action is taken to rectify the leak. Under no
circumstances will attempts be made to rectify leaks while pressure is still in
the system.
On completion of the pressure testing in a test bay, ensure that all the
relevant valves are shut to isolate the test unit. The test lines must be bled
down to zero. If pressure testing a single item, check that the item is de-
pressurised and drained of fluid.
On completion of the pressure testing at the well site, slowly bleed off test
pressure until it is equal to the anticipated well pressure below the
swab/master/crown valve + 1.2 (the Safety Margin).
At end of the pressure testing ensure all barriers and signs are removed.
Inform all personnel that the test is completed and sign off work permits.
When pressure testing any equipment, a low pressure test of 500 psi will be
applied and held for 3 minutes. The pressure is then increased in stages of
1000 psi to the maximum pressure test rating and held for 15 minutes. The
result of the pressure test should be recorded on a Martin Decker Chart
Recorder or equivalent.
This chart shall be seen by a client representative to witness the completion of

a satisfactory pressure test and should contain the following information:-
a) Sequence that pressure test was carried out against relevant section of
the chart
b) Equipment identification numbers being pressure tested
c) Client name
d) Field
e) Well No
f) Date
g) Test Medium used
Use of water in pressure testing is much safer than gas because gases at the
same pressure and equivalent volume have more than 200 times the stored
energy. If the pressure equipment fails during pressure test with a gas
medium, a high velocity gas blast can occur whereas a liquid medium can be
contained more easily. Where practicable use fresh water, or a water/glycol
mixture as the pressure test medium.
Prior to any pressure testing with Gas/Nitrogen medium, a pressure test with
a liquid medium must performed first.

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Great care should be taken when pressure testing with Nitrogen due to the
nature of the gas i.e. its expansion rate (1 cu ft liquid = 696.10 scf gas) and
the fact that it can cause asphyxiation. If an uncontrolled leak of Nitrogen
occurs, the gaseous Nitrogen displaces the air (in a closed environment) and
suffocation can occur.
It is not permitted to pressure test with diesel or base oil due to the possibility
of explosion if all the air has not been flushed out of the equipment prior to
applying pressure.
H2S Policy
Hydrogen Sulphide:
A gaseous compound, commonly known by its chemical formula, H2S (also known
as Sour Gas, Acid Gas, Sulphurated Gas and Sulphurated Hydrogen) is frequently
found in oil and gas reservoirs where it is formed by sulphate reducing bacteria that
breaks down organic matters in the absence of oxygen.
H2S characteristics:
H2S is extremely toxic, ranking second only to hydrogen cyanide; it is five to
six times more toxic than carbon monoxide.
It is heavier than air with a specific gravity of 1.192 at 77F but vapours may
travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back.
In small quantities, it has an odour similar to rotten eggs.
It is colourless.

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It burns with a blue flame and produces Sulphur Dioxide (SO) gas, which is
very irritating to the eyes. Although less toxic than H2S, So can cause serious
injury. Chemical pneumonia can develop in a few hours.
It forms an explosive mixture with air, between 4.3% and 43% by volume. This
mixture has an autoignition level of 500F. (Note: a cigarette burns at
1400F.)
It is soluble in both water and liquid hydrocarbons. The solubility factor is 4 to
1 in water at 32 F and 2.6 to 1 in water at 68F.
It has a pH of 3 in water.
It is corrosive to all electrochemical metals and reacts with plastic, human
tissues and nerves.
It causes irritation to the eyes, throat, and respiratory system.
It affects major nerves within the human nervous system, including the
olfactory nerves and respiratory nerves.
It has a boiling point of 79F and a melting point of 117F.
H2S Physiological Effects

When a person breathes in H2S, it passes directly through the lungs and into the
bloodstream. To protect itself, the body breaks down the H2S as rapidly as possible
into a harmless compound. If the individual breathes in so much H2S that the body
cannot cope, it builds up in the bloodstream and the individual becomes poisoned.
The nerve centres of the brain that control breathing are paralysed; the lungs stop
working and the person is asphyxiated. Please see Table 1: Concentration Effects of
H2S.
Individuals who have consumed alcohol within 24 hours of exposure have been
overcome by unusually small concentrations of H2S; that is because the presence of
alcohol in the bloodstream stops the breakdown of H2S which makes persons hyper-
susceptible to the effects of H2S.
In high concentration H2S will deaden the sense of smell; therefore the lack of the
distinctive odour does not mean that this lethal gas is not present in high quantities.
The true level of H2S can only be verified by use of a calibrated H2S detector.
Exposure Limits have been set, which determine the maximum concentration of H2S
to which personnel can be exposed over a specified period without detriment to their
health. Please see Table 2: Time Weighted Average.

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H2S Training
Personnel who are going to work in areas where there is a known risk of H2S must
receive detailed training in the precautions to be taken. Because this training is of a
specialist nature, suitable external training must be arranged. H2S training provided
to staff must also meet with the Client requirements.
The training must include:
Characteristics of H2S
Risk to health - toxicity levels, threshold limits, lethal concentration,
physiological properties
The correct use and maintenance of breathing apparatus / escape sets
The emergency procedures for gas alarm conditions
The correct use and maintenance of gas monitoring equipment

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Clean shaven policy

Emergency first aid and resuscitation equipment
A full explanation of the potential hazards from exposure to H2S should be given
during the worksite specific induction training course.
Well Site H2S Safety

Always follow client safety rules and guidelines regarding H2S.
Prior to the start any job, all personnel must have received H2S training and a
well site induction.
A Risk Assessment, work permit and a Pre-Job Meeting must be conducted
before the start of job; discuss hazardous areas, safe areas, escape routes,
emergency procedures, muster points, smoking area, etc.
Warning Signs must be posted and work area roped off. Only essential
personnel should be within the work area.
A Safe Muster Point Area must be designated prior to the start of the job. It
must be chosen with regards to the prevailing wind direction (upwind) and in a
higher elevated position than the hazardous area (if possible). An alternative
muster area should also be designated in case the wind changes direction
during the operation.
If the well site does not already have a minimum of two windsocks, position
the required number of wind socks to aid in determining the wind direction for
both positioning of the equipment and ongoing operations.
At least 2 fully charged 20 minute Breathing Apparatus (B.A.) sets for rescue
operations together with fully charged spare air cylinders must be available at
the two Safe Muster Point Areas.
For on-shore jobs, an escape emergency vehicle capable of carrying the crew
must be positioned for easy mobilisation (i.e. no lines or obstructions in the
way) and in an upwind location.
No smoking is allowed except in designated areas as indicated in the Pre-Job
meeting.
If there is a possibility that H2S will be leaked into the atmosphere, then
sufficient Breathing Apparatus (B.A.) sets must be on location for all well site
personnel. These sets should be worn at all times if required (please see
Table 3: Working with H2S). If B.A. is not required to be worn, a self rescue
(10 minute) set or rescue mask must be carried at all times
Never enter or work in a closed space or area where there is an H2S risk
without wearing B.A.
Breathing Apparatus (B.A.) must be inspected once a month or before each
use. The inspection includes a check of tightness, connections and condition
of the face piece, headbands, valves, connecting tubes, and canisters.
Rubber or elastomeric parts must be inspected for pliability and signs of
deterioration.

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All areas where a potential danger of free H2S can be present should have
continuous gas monitoring taking place using either fixed or portable monitors,
with audible and visual alarms, activated whenever the concentration of H2S
in air exceeds 10 ppm. All personnel should also wear personal calibrated
H2S monitors.
A radio should be used to communicate between crew members.
Escape routes and wind direction must be checked from time to time.
Test for H2S and combustible gas in the wellhead, cellar and piping vicinity
with a detector prior to the start of the job.
Never work alone within an H2S hazardous area. Always apply the buddy
system; every operator must constantly be in sight of another person who will
raise the alarms in case of an emergency.
Do NOT blindly rush to the aid of a crew member overcome by the gas. Raise
the alarm and put on the B.A. before assisting the fallen person..
All crew members should remain upwind of wellhead whenever possible.
Crew members must be ready to put on the B.A. during any pressuring up or
bleeding off the Pressure Control Equipment (PCE) string.
If an H2S leak is suspected or confirmed and cannot be contained
immediately, then all personal in the areas of risk must withdraw to the
designated Safe Muster Point Area and follow the emergency procedures
Emergency Procedures as the Well Site:
If an H2S alarm is activated, crew members should follow the procedures below
unless client procedures are in place and require a different response:
Mask up immediately.
Warn all personnel in the area and leave immediately to the Muster Point
Area upwind of the incident. All Well Test activities must be suspended.
When it is safe to do so, an investigation team should be formed to investigate
the leak. The team should comprise of at least two members with sufficient air
supply for 30 minutes.
Once the source of the leak has been found then the appropriate remedial
action can be taken.

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Well Site H2S Operational Guidelines
H2S is highly corrosive, especially in association with moisture or oxidising gases

such as oxygen and carbon monoxide. Iron and steel are particularly vulnerable to
H2S corrosion; therefore all equipment must be designed for H2S (sour) service.
All equipment must be specifically selected and maintained for a H2S well
environment.
All equipment must be inspected and tested periodically with well maintained
records including the tracing of all new and replacement material sources.
H2S certified well head pressure equipment (in accordance with NACE MR-
01-75 regulations) must be used in H2S environment.
If H2S is present, all elastomeric seals should be made of a suitable material.
Position all vent and bleed off lines on the downwind side of the wellhead.

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General HSE Guidelines

There are general HSE guidelines which must be followed regardless of the type of
operation being performed:
Risk Assessments must be carried out for each activity. (Please refer to the
Risk Assessment section for further information.)
Appropriate protective clothing (PPE) and equipment, provided either by
Expro or the client, to protect against a specific risk must be used for the full
duration of the exposure to the risk. (Please refer to the Personal Protective
Equipment section for further information.)
A minimum of two crew members are required onsite during operations.
Where only one crew member is on shift in a multi-tasked crew, a member
with suitable experience must assist him.
Conduct a Site Inspection before each operation.
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) must be implemented.
Assess all Manual Handling activities. Figure 2: Expro House Rules
Use only compliant equipment.
The Model Code of Safe Practice in the Petroleum Industry classifies zones
as:
Zone 0; in which a flammable atmosphere is continuously present, or present
for long periods (more than 1000 hours per year).
Zone 1; in which a flammable atmosphere is likely to occur in normal
operation (about 10 to 1000 hours per year).
Zone 2; in which a flammable atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal
operation, and if it occurs will exist only for a short period (less than 10 hours
per year).
Ensure a portable gas detector and fire extinguishers are located close to
diesel engines.
Any working area must be clearly marked and isolated with clear warning
signs. Announcements must be made to warn all personnel other than those
directly involved, to stay clear of the area.
All Pressure Control Equipment (PCE), must be pressure tested prior to any
operation in accordance with Client procedures and the Expro pressure test
procedures. (Please refer to the Pressure Test Policy).
During operations, all hydraulic valves in line with the well bore shall be
secured by a fail- safe system, under the supervision of a responsible person.
Ensure there are no crane lifting operations over or in the vicinity of the
wellhead or Well Testing Equipment.
When operations are suspended or completed the well shall be left in a safe
condition. The work site shall also be left in a safe and tidy state. When
carrying out maintenance the following precautions shall be taken:
1) All work shall be properly secured.
2) Extra care shall be exercised when moving parts appear to be
binding or stuck.
3) Personnel must be competent to perform the task.
4) Only hand tools fit for the task shall be used.
5) Equipment will be electrically isolated.

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6) No person shall be in line of the equipment while it is being

dismantled.
7) Bleed or vent holes will be aligned away from personnel when
opening.
8) Care should be taken to avoid dropping objects.
Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is issued to all staff involved in onshore or
offshore operations and those who work or enter workshops and yards at operational
bases. Table 1 below shows the minimum PPE requirements for Expro employees.
Additional items can be provided at the discretion of a manager.
PPE
Base
Safety Eyewear
Protective safety glasses must be worn at all times in the workshop and yard
areas of all Expros bases and at all operational locations and well sites.
Safety spectacles may be substituted by full-face visors or goggles for
particular activities (e.g. steam/pressure washing, handling chemicals).

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Face shields must be worn by employees who will be involved in pressure

washing, grinding, chipping or any activities where airborne projectiles present
an eye injury hazard.
Safety glasses will be made available to all personnel at no cost. Each
employee is entitled to one pair of clear safety glasses or one pair of
prescription safety glasses (clear).
All safety glasses must conform to the requirements of the national standard.
Safety glasses must be fitted with side shields or wrap-around and should not
have straight side-legs that come to a point.
If a straight line can be traced to any part of the eye without passing through
a protective lens or shield then the eyewear is considered unacceptable.
Safety Footwear
Protective footwear must be worn at all times in the workshop and yard areas
of all Expros bases and all operational locations and well sites.
The steel-toe leather boots (pull-on or lace-up) may be substituted by steel-
toe rubber boots for particular activities (e.g. in waterlogged areas or for
corrosive chemical handling).
Steel-toe safety shoes may only be worn on base in areas where there is
minimal risk of turned-ankle accidents (e.g. machine shop and store areas).
All protective footwear must conform to the requirements of the national
standard.
Protective Clothing
Fire-Retardant Clothing: it is mandatory for all personnel to wear long sleeved
fire retardant clothing in work areas with a recognized fire risk (e.g. well sites
where hydrocarbons may be present, welding shops, mechanics shops).
Fire-retardant clothing can be made from treated fabric or non-flammable
material (e.g. Nomex).
Ensure that additional non-flammable materials, such as patches or
embroidery, do not compromise safety of the clothing. Do not wear fire
retardant clothes that are heavily soiled with grease or oil as these can be as
dangerous as wearing non fire retardant clothing. Ensure that any wet or cold
weather clothing worn on top of overalls is fire retardant.
Work Uniforms
In work areas with minimal fire risk (e.g. storage areas, wash down areas)
employees will be provided with work uniforms to provide a basic standard of
personal protection and to prevent damage to their own clothing.
Work uniforms may be provided in the form of shirts, trousers, overalls,
coveralls, lab coats or otherwise at the discretion of the responsible manager.

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Hearing Protection
Hearing protection devices must be worn by employees whenever they might
be exposed to noise levels above 85 dB(A). Hearing protection may be
provided in the form of disposable ear plugs, re-usable ear plugs, individually-
molded ear plugs or ear defenders (ear muffs). Where possible employees
will be given the choice of the protection device which they find most effective.
Information on how noise levels are assessed, and how appropriate hearing
protection devices are selected is available from the Group HSEQC
department via the Expro Portal.
Hand Protection (Gloves)

Suitable gloves will be supplied that provide the correct degree of protection
from identified hazards.
Gloves must not to be worn when working with rotating equipment (e.g.
lathes, pedestal drills, drive shafts) because of the risk of entanglement.
Personal Fall Arrest Systems

Working at heights may be required during E-line operations. In these cases a
personal fall arrest system is required.
Working at Heights is defined as; Accessing, egressing, ascending or
working in any position where a person(s) can fall from, onto, into or through
anything/anywhere from one level to another. Information on the current
Work at Height regulations can be obtained from http:\\www.hse.gov.uk.
These hazardous situations should be identified by conducting a Risk
Assessment (RA) of the task to be performed at heights, and then assessing
the risk of both the potential of falling and the resultant expected
outcome/injury should that fall occur, before commencement of the task.
Always ensure that safety measures are in place before working at heights:
1. Handrails and barriers are used.

2. Fall arrest systems and harnesses are used.
3. There is adequate lighting.
4. Access ways are clear of obstructions.
5. All tools used while working at heights are secured to prevent them
from accidentally falling.
Safety Meetings and Tool Box Talks
Pre-Job Meeting
Prior to the start of any operation a pre-job meeting must take place between all the
relevant supervisors, personal and any other involved parties. This meeting should
cover but not be limited to the following:
Permit to Work (PTW), Toolbox Talk (TBT) and Risk Assessment (RA)
reviews.
Operational timings.

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The tasks to be carried out objectives and duration.

Safe muster point locations and escape routes.
Identified hazards (i.e. pressure testing, HS, Explosives, Radiation,
suspended loads etc.)
Requirement for special procedures and equipment to be put in place.
Personnel lines of communication and reporting.
Emergency shutdown systems.
Wellhead and work area restrictions.
Weather forecast.
Crane requirements.
Boat movements (Off-shore).
Tool box talks and shift handover arrangements.
Toolbox Talk
At the start of every shift and when the operation or task changes, a Toolbox Talk
will be held at the worksite. The attendees should be every Expro crew member
involved during that shift. Other personnel (rig crew, vendor representatives etc.
should also be invited to attend).
This talk will be recorded on the relevant form and distributed as per local
instructions. All persons in attendance should sign off on this form. This talk should
address:
The task or operation to be carried out and its objectives.

Personnel roles and responsibilities.
The perceived hazards and risks.
Requirement for special procedures and equipment to be put in place.
Lines of communication and reporting.
Emergency procedures.
Driving
Please refer to Travel and Journey Planning in Job Planning Section.
One of the highest risk activities in the oil business is driving to and from land
well sites or to heliports for offshore work.
Ensure that the vehicle has a current road worthy certificate.
Ensure all safety features are in working order: lights, indicators, windscreen
washers, windows, brakes etc.
Always use the vehicle seatbelt(s) and ensure that any other passengers are
using the seatbelts.
No driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs or medication. The vehicle
speed must be kept within the road speed limit.
Do not use a mobile phone whilst driving unless a handsfree set is fitted.
Pull back from the vehicle in front.
Practice defensive driving techniques.
Always observe the road and plan ahead.

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Drive with deliberation and if overtaking do so as quickly as possible.

Know the capabilities of your vehicle.
Proper signals, horn and headlights must be used thoughtfully.
Concentrate all the time to prevent accidents.
Local Highway Code and rules must be followed.
Leave in good time for your journey to avoid rushing.
Take regular relaxation stops to prevent tiredness.
Share the driving on longer journeys if possible.
Risk Assessment
A Risk Assessment of any activity(s) or operation(s) must be performed
before commencing work (relevant forms for all risk assessments can be
found on the Expro Portal Group HSEQC section).
Many generic operations will already have assessments in place.
It is mandatory that new assessments are carried out or existing assessments
are reviewed when:
1. Starting a tour at a client work site.
2. Starting any specific operational sequence.
3. When the operation changes (e.g. from routine to fishing).
4. When those involved feel it is prudent to do so.
Risk assessments (for the workplace, activity and the operation) must be
carried out in accordance with The Expro Group Corporate Standard for Risk
Assessments.
A number is used as a tool to assist in working out the degree of risk for each
hazard, agreeing on a number for the severity of harm and the likelihood of
harm occurring generates this number. These values are derived from the
Risk Assessment / Incident Potential Matrix HSE_GRP_FRM_007.1 latest
revision, a copy of which can be found on the Expro Portal - Group HSEQC
Reference Material/Group HSE Forms.
The risk rating is the result of the subjective assessment of the assessment
team. This figure is a simple tool to allow the degree of risk to be quantified
and therefore prioritised.
The risk rating is calculated by multiplying the Probability (P) and Severity
(S) ratings;
R=PxS
Use the risk assessment to reduce the risk rating to As Low As Reasonably Possible
(ALARP).
Safety Training Observation Program (STOP)

STOP cards are the responsibility of all EXPRO employees. They are used for the
following:
When unsafe practices are observed The card should be filled in with the
details of any unsafe practices and a recommendation for corrective action
and if the appropriate action was taken.
When good practice is observed The good practice should be noted and the
crew member/s should be congratulated.

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Figure 1: Expros STOP card

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Lifting Equipment
All lifting equipment must be used in accordance with Lifting Operations and
Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER), and the British Standard Code of
Practice for Inspection and Repair of Offshore Containers BS 7072.
For operations outside the UK refer to the local lifting regulations. If none exist
then the UK regulations apply. Updated LOLER guidelines are available on
the Expro Portal or at http://www.hse.gov.uk
Ensure that all lifting equipment is:
1. Sufficiently strong, stable and suitable for the proposed use. Similarly
the load and anything attached (e.g. timber pallets, lifting points) must
be suitable.
2. Positioned or installed to prevent the risk of injury e.g. from falling or
striking people.
3. Visibly marked with any appropriate information to be taken into
account for its safe use (e.g. safe working loads).
Ensure that lifting operations are planned, supervised and carried out in a
safe manner.
When equipment is used for lifting people it must be marked accordingly, and
it should be safe for such a purpose (e.g. all necessary precautions have
been taken to eliminate or reduce any risk).
Before any lifting equipment (including accessories) is used for the first time, it
must be thoroughly examined. Lifting equipment will be tested for safe use by
a competent person at periods specified in the Regulations.
Following testing or inspection of any lifting equipment, a report will be
submitted by the competent person.
Lifting equipment includes any equipment that is used for lifting or lowering
loads, including attachments used for anchoring, fixing or supporting the load.
The (LOLER) regulations cover a wide range of equipment that includes
cranes, fork-lift trucks, lifts, hoists, mobile elevating work platforms, vehicle
inspection platform hoists and also includes Rig-up and accessories such as
chains, slings, sheaves, eyebolts etc.
Other more specific legislation may also apply, for example the Personal
Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992. Under these particular
regulations there may be a need to provide a safety harness.
A Risk Assessment must be completed before any lifting of equipment or
personnel is carried out.
Crane
Accidents with cranes can be both costly and spectacular, especially in the oil
industry where an accident can fracture oil or gas lines or damage major pieces of
equipment. It is essential then that all personnel working with or around cranes are
familiar with their general characteristics and capabilities. (Please refer to the Job
Planning section)

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Prior to the commencement of WT operations using a crane, a risk

assessment and toolbox talk must be completed. Personnel must be aware of
the manufacturers limits for operating the crane. The permit to work must be
obtained and fully authorised.
Only competent and trained personnel are allowed to operate the crane.
The crane must be certified and fit for purpose. Ensure that the
manufacturers operating limits are complied with.
Ensure all equipment to be lifted by the crane is certified and in an operational
condition. All lifting clamps, winches, slings and chains shall be certified for
load and apparatus being lifted.
Whilst E-line operations are in progress within the operational radius of any
crane, that crane shall not be used for any other operations.
On the job-site, the crane use is restricted to operations associated with the
E-line operation or for specific lifts required on an urgent basis that have to be
authorised by the Engineer in charge.
The winch unit / truck shall be stopped, brakes applied, the E-line cable
secured and the tension removed from the cable prior to the crane being
operated when the operating is in progress.
The crane outriggers will be placed on suitable ground capable of supporting
the weight.
On no account shall the crane swing any lifts across the area directly affected
by the E- line cable.
Personnel will not walk / stand / work under a suspended load.
The crane operator must be in direct line of sight of the E-line cable and
related operations.
A qualified banksman will connect and direct any loads.
Care should be taken to ensure that all lifting operations are vertical to avoid
swinging loads, and that guide-lines are always used.
No man-riding activity is allowed if the crane is not certified and manufactured
for man- riding activities.
All problems and defects shall be recorded and reported immediately. At no
time should the crane be operated in an unsafe condition.
Pressure Test
All pressure equipment to be pressure tested must have current certification and a
steel test band indicating:
a) Maximum Working Pressure (MWP)
b) Test pressure
c) Test date
d) Test certification number
e) Service: Standard or Sour
f) Inspection authority stamp or authenticity

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The equipment shall not be used if this band is missing.
The pressure equipment shall only be used in a sweet or sour environment if

all the components in the rig-up are certified sour service in accordance with
NACE MR-01-75 regulations, as being fit for service in that environment.
Pressure equipment must comply with the Expro Functional Specification -
FS1011. This document can be found on the Expro Portal Group
Engineering section.
Do not cut, bore, modify, weld, head or hammer any part of the pressure
equipment.
Do not perform any shop pressure testing on the Pressure Control Equipment
(PCE) beyond the Test Pressure (TP) rating.
All gauges used to measure pressure must be calibrated to give an accurate
reading.
When applicable, use a chart recorder when pressure testing (e.g. Martin
Decker Chart Recorder or equivalent).
Maximum Working Pressure of weakest component is the overall Maximum
Working Pressure of the system.
A safety margin of 1.2 times the maximum expected operating pressure is
required for all pressure testing operations.
Prior to any pressure testing taking place a Risk Assessment and Toolbox
Talk must be conducted. Ensure that a work permit for the testing is raised.
The immediate area surrounding the pressure test shall be barriered off and a
responsible person shall be sited to monitor the test area.
Prior to pressure testing, all personnel shall be informed by Public Address
(PA) announcement of the location of the pressure test and instructed to keep
clear. If pressure testing is continuing for some time then regular PA
announcements should be made, stating that pressure testing is still ongoing
and informing all personnel to continue to avoid the cordoned off areas.
At end of the pressure testing ensure all barriers and signs are removed.
Inform all personnel via the PA system that the test is completed and sign off
work permits.
Prior to commencing any pressure testing, all control lines and hoses that will
be pressurised must be tied down and secured.
Shop pressure tests must be conducted by a certified person in a designated
test bay.
Never approach or allow any person to approach a system undergoing a
pressure test.
Using water in pressure testing is much safer than gas because gases at the
same pressure and equivalent volume of water have more than 200 times the
stored energy. If pressure equipment fails during pressure test using a gas
medium, a high velocity gas blast can occur whereas a liquid medium can be
contained more easily if accidentally released. Where practicable use fresh
water, sea water or a water/glycol mixture as the pressure test medium.

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When pressure testing any equipment, a low pressure test of 500 psi will be
applied and held for 3 minutes. The pressure is then increased in stages of
1000 psi to the maximum pressure test rating and held for 15 minutes.
If during the test any leaks are discovered then pressure should be bled off
the system before remedial action takes place to rectify the leak. Under no
circumstances will attempts be made to rectify leaks while pressure is still in
the system.
On completion of the pressure testing in a test bay, ensure that all the
relevant valves are shut to isolate the test unit. The test lines must be bled
down to zero. Check that equipment is de-pressurised and drained of fluid.
Please refer to the Pressure Test Policy for more information.
Please refer to the H2S policy for more information.
Hydrogen Sulphide:
A gaseous compound, commonly known by its chemical formula, H2S (also known
as Sour Gas, Acid Gas, Sulphurated Gas and Sulphurated Hydrogen) is frequently
found in oil and gas reservoirs where it is formed by sulphate reducing bacteria that
breaks down organic matters in the absence of oxygen.
H2S characteristics:
H2S is extremely toxic, ranking second only to hydrogen cyanide; it is five to
six times more toxic than carbon monoxide.
It is heavier than air with a specific gravity of 1.192 at 77F but vapours may
travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back.
In small quantities, it has an odour similar to rotten eggs.
It is colourless.
It burns with a blue flame and produces Sulphur Dioxide (SO ) gas, which is
very irritating to the eyes. Although less toxic than 2 H2S, SO can cause
serious injury. Chemical pneumonia can develop in a few hours. 2
It forms an explosive mixture with air, between 4.3% and 43% by volume. This
mixture has an autoignition level of 500F. (Note: a cigarette burns at
1400F.)
It is soluble in both water and liquid hydrocarbons. The solubility factor is 4 to
1 in water at 32 F and 2.6 to 1 in water at 68F.
It has a pH of 3 in water. It is corrosive to all electrochemical metals and
reacts with plastic, human tissues and nerves.
It causes irritation to the eyes, throat, and respiratory system. It affects major
nerves within the human nervous system, including the olfactory nerves and
respiratory nerves.
It has a boiling point of 79F and a melting point of 117F.
H2S Physiological Effects

When a person breathes in H2S, it passes directly through the lungs and into the
bloodstream. To protect itself, the body breaks down the H2S as rapidly as
possible into a harmless compound.

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If the individual breathes in so much H2S that the body cannot cope, it builds up
in the bloodstream and the individual becomes poisoned. The nerve centres of
the brain that control breathing are paralysed; the lungs stop working and the
person is asphyxiated.
Please see Table 1:

Concentration Effects of H2S. Individuals who have consumed alcohol within 24
hours of exposure have been overcome by unusually small concentrations of
H2S; that is because the presence of alcohol in the bloodstream stops the
breakdown of H2S which makes persons hyper-susceptible to the effects of H2S.
In high concentration H2S will deaden the sense of smell; therefore the lack of
the distinctive odour does not mean that this lethal gas is not present in high
quantities. The true level of H2S can only be verified by use of a calibrated H2S
detector.
Exposure Limits have been set, which determine the maximum concentration of
H2S to which personnel can be exposed over a specified period without
detriment to their health. Please see Table 2: Time Weighted Average.

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Prior to the start of any job, all personnel must have received H2S training
and a well site induction.
A Risk Assessment and a Pre-Job Meeting must be conducted before the
start of the job; discuss permit to work, hazardous areas, safe areas,
escape routes, emergency procedures, muster points, smoking area etc.
Warning Signs must be posted and the work area roped off. Only essential
personnel should be within the work area.
A Safe Muster Point Area must be designated prior to the start of the job. It
must be chosen with regards to the prevailing wind direction (upwind) and
in a higher elevated position than the hazardous area (if possible). An
alternative muster area should also be designated in case the wind
changes direction during the operation.
If the well site does not already have a minimum of two windsocks,
position the required number of wind socks to aid in determining the wind
direction for both the positioning of the equipment and ongoing operations.
At least 2 fully charged 20 minute Breathing Apparatus (B.A.) sets for
rescue operations, together with fully charged spare air cylinders must be
available at the two Safe Muster Point Areas.
For on-shore jobs, an escape emergency vehicle capable of carrying the
crew must be positioned for easy mobilisation (i.e. no lines or obstructions
in the way) and in an upwind location.
No smoking is allowed except in designated areas indicated in the Pre-Job
Meeting.
If there is a possibility that H2S will be leaked into the atmosphere, then
sufficient Breathing Apparatus (B.A.) sets must be supplied on location for
all the well site personnel. These should be worn at all times if required
(please see Table 3: working with H2S). If B.A. is not required to be worn,
self rescue (10 minutes) sets or rescue masks must be carried at all times.
Never enter or work in a closed space or area where there is an H2S risk
without wearing B.A.
Breathing Apparatus (B.A.) must be inspected once a month or before
each use. The inspection includes a check of tightness, connections,
pressure and condition of the face piece, headbands, valves, connecting
tubes, and canisters. Rubber or elastomeric parts must be inspected for
pliability and signs of deterioration.

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All areas where a potential danger of free H2S exists should have
continuous gas monitoring using either fixed or portable monitors, with
audible and visual alarms, activated whenever the concentration of H2S in
air exceeds 10 ppm. All personnel should also wear personal calibrated
H2S monitors.
If possible, a radio should be used to communicate between crew
members.
Escape routes and wind direction must be checked from time to time.
Test for H2S gas at the wellhead, cellar and piping vicinity with a detector
prior to the start of the job.
Never work alone within an H2S hazardous area. Always apply the
buddy system; every operator must constantly be in sight of another
person who will raise the alarms in case of an emergency.
Do NOT blindly rush to the aid of a crew member overcome by the gas.
Raise the alarm and put on the B.A. before assisting the fallen person.
All crew members should remain upwind of wellhead whenever possible.
Crew members must be ready to put on the B.A. during any pressuring up
or bleeding off the PCE string.
If an H2S leak is suspected or confirmed and cannot be contained
immediately, then all personnel in the areas of risk must withdraw to the
designated Safe Muster Point Area and follow the emergency procedures.
Emergency Procedures as the Well Site: If an H2S alarm is activated, crew

members should observe the procedures outlined in the H2S policy unless client
procedures are in place and require a different response.
Corrosive and Hazardous Substances

Please refer also to the HSEQC area of the Expro Portal for details of the Control of
Exposure to Hazardous Substances. All operations which require the use of
corrosive or hazardous substances shall be performed within the following general
rules:
A Risk Assessment and Pre-Job Meeting must be conducted before the start
of the operation.
Only approved products must be used.

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All persons involved in operations which require the use of corrosive or

hazardous substances must be fully briefed and trained on the procedures,
precautions and first aid measures required.
Chemical Data Sheets must be available on site.
The transportation, handling, storage and use of any corrosive or hazardous
substance shall be carried out in accordance with the Health and Safety at
Work Act and COSHH regulation Chemical Data Sheet for that substance.
Protective clothing appropriate to the hazard shall be worn in accordance with
COSHH regulation Chemical Data Sheets.
Corrosive and hazardous substances shall be disposed of in a manner
appropriate to the hazard involved and in accordance with COSHH regulation
Chemical Data Sheets.
Any person exposed to a hazardous substance through inhalation, ingestion,
absorption through or in contact with the skin shall receive immediate first aid.
Contaminated clothing should be removed, treated and disposed of as
appropriate.
The Medic or Doctor on the Platform or Installation (for land locations the
nearest client camp or hospital) will be supplied with the Chemical Data
Sheets and should be informed when the operation starts and stops.
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) is typically found in the

formation below surface. The radioactive materials are from the radioactive
decay series of Uranium and Thorium. These radio nuclides decay emitting all
types of radiation (-alpha, -beta and -gamma radiation), eventually forming
non radioactive Lead nuclides as compounds of Lead. The radioactive
constituents of NORM may be Radium (radium-226, radium-228 and radium
224) or Polonium (polonium-210) or Lead (lead-210).
NORM (including LSA Low Specific Activity) scale occurs in wells when the
radioactive material dissolves in the production fluid whilst underground and is
then deposited within the pipework, plant and also upon tools (e.g. E-line tools
and coiled tubing). The likelihood of it occurring increases with older wells and
the use of water injection.
NORM (in scales, sludge, residues etc) can concentrate radioactive materials
to a level that is a radiological hazard. NORM scale is already a hazard before
it can be measured (using a radiation monitor) from the outside of pipework
and plant.
The main hazard generated by NORM is that people may be exposed to
radioactive contamination, when the affected pipework or associated
equipment has been dismantled or flushed.

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NORM is not a significant risk whilst it is contained within plant and pipework.
When plant and pipework is dismantled, the shielding effect of the pipework is
removed therefore the risk of being exposed to radiation and the radioactive
material itself increases. This further increases when the (potential) scale
inside the plant and pipework is allowed to dry.
The contamination on surfaces can become airborne when it dries. If the
radioactive material becomes airborne or gets onto the skin and clothing of an
individual it can from there transfer internally to the human body through
smoking, eating, drinking, inhalation, cuts etc. Radioactive materials that have
entered the body pose a significantly increased health risk compared to the
same radioactive materials external to the body.
The primary method of identification for the potential for NORM occurring is
through prior assessment. There are a number of factors that will increase the
likelihood of NORM occurring: well age, use of water injection and a known
history of NORM occurring (however, just because a well has not had NORM
previously, does not mean that it will not generate NORM scale at some later
time).
Wherever possible, equipment that has been exposed to NORM should be
identified at the Client location, and suitably marked and contained to reduce
the potential for release or transfer of contamination.
All equipment retrieved from a well that has a history of NORM or where it is
suspected it may be present should be checked for NORM before being
handled by personnel.

29 Safety

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STE

Well Test Manual 1

EXPRO Policies and Safety

Revised September 2008

Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy

The requirements of the Group HSE Policy are to:-

The Expro Group ensures that this Policy is;

Revised September 2008

The Group Quality Policy requirements are to:-

Revised September 2008

Pressure Testing Policy

Pressure Test Policy Terminology

Maximum Work Pressure

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Test Pressure (or Factory Test)

Revised September 2008

All pressure equipment to be pressure tested must have a current certification

The equipment shall not be used if this band is missing.

The pressure equipment shall only be used in a sweet or sour environment if

a) The expected wellhead pressure is 10500 psi.

Therefore 15,000 psi MWP rating equipment must be used.

Maximum allowable operating pressure is 12600 psi; this is the

b) The expected wellhead pressure is 0 psi, but the contingency planning

Revised September 2008

Never approach or allow any person to approach a system undergoing a

This chart shall be seen by a client representative to witness the completion of

Revised September 2008

Revised September 2008

H2S Physiological Effects

Revised September 2008

The training must include:

Revised September 2008

Clean shaven policy

Well Site H2S Safety

Revised September 2008

Emergency Procedures as the Well Site:

Revised September 2008

Well Site H2S Operational Guidelines

H2S is highly corrosive, especially in association with moisture or oxidising gases

Revised September 2008

General HSE Guidelines

Revised September 2008

6) No person shall be in line of the equipment while it is being

Personal Protective Equipment

Revised September 2008

Face shields must be worn by employees who will be involved in pressure

Revised September 2008

Hand Protection (Gloves)

Personal Fall Arrest Systems

1. Handrails and barriers are used.

Safety Meetings and Tool Box Talks

Revised September 2008

The tasks to be carried out objectives and duration.

The task or operation to be carried out and its objectives.

Revised September 2008

Drive with deliberation and if overtaking do so as quickly as possible.

Safety Training Observation Program (STOP)

Revised September 2008

Figure 1: Expros STOP card