Chapter I

NARRATIVE TEXT
A. Definition Of Narative text
Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events and it tries to find
the resolutions to solve the problems. An important part of narrative text is the
narrative mode, the set of methods used to communicate the narrative through a
process narration.

B. Communicative purpose/ Social Function

The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a story.

C. Generic structure / text organization (systematics of writing):

1. OrientationSets the scene: where and when the story happened and introduces
the participants of the story: who and what is involved in the story.
2. Complication : Tells the beginning of the problems which leads to the crisis
(climax) of the main participants.
3. Resolution : The problem (the crisis) is resolved, either in a happy ending or in a
sad (tragic) ending
4. Re-orientation/Coda : This is a closing remark to the story and it is optional. It
consists of a moral lesson, advice or teaching from the writer

D. Language features (the main linguistic features):

1. Using part action verb: Climbed, Turned, Brought, etc.
2. Using specific noun as pronoun of person, animal in the story. Example: The
king, the queen, etc.
3. Using adjectives which are for noun phrase. Example: Long black, hair, two red
apples, etc.
4. Using time connectives and Conjunctions to arrange the events. Examples: Then,
before, after, soon, etc.
5. Using adverbs and adverbial phrase to show the location of events. Examples:
Here, in the mountain, ever after, etc.
6. Using dialogue to elicit an emotional response from the reader.
7. Using Past Tense
8. Using of variety of simple, compound and complex sentences

E. Example Of Narraitive

True Friends

Once upon a time, there were two close friends who were walking through the
forest together. They knew that anything dangerous can happen any time in the
forest. So they promised each other that they would always be together in any case
of danger.

Suddenly, they saw a large bear getting closer toward them. One of them
climbed a nearby tree at once. But unfortunately the other one did not know how
 to climb up the tree. So being led by his common sense, he lay down on the ground
breathless and pretended to be a dead man.

The bear came near the one who was lying on the ground. It smelt in his ears,
and slowly left the place because the bears do not want to touch the dead
creatures. After that, the friend on the tree came down and asked his friend that
was on the ground, "Friend, what did the bear whisper into your ears?" The other
friend replied, "Just now the bear advised me not to believe a false friend."

Fox and A Cat

One day a cat and a fox were having a conversation. The fox, who was a conceited
creature, boasted how clever she was. 'Why, I know at least a hundred tricks to get
away from our mutual enemies, the dogs,' she said.

'I know only one trick to get away from dogs,' said the cat. 'You should teach me
some of yours!'
'Well, maybe some day, when I have the time, I may teach you a few of the simpler
ones,' replied the fox airily.

Just then they heard the barking of a pack of dogs in the distance. The barking
grew louder and louder - the dogs were coming in their direction! At once the cat
ran to the nearest tree and climbed into its branches, well out of reach of any dog.
'This is the trick I told you about, the only one I know,' said the cat. 'Which one of
your hundred tricks are you going to use?'

The fox sat silently under the tree, wondering which trick she should use. Before she
could make up her mind, the dogs arrived. They fell upon the fox and tore her to
pieces.

F. Qoestion Of Narative Text

Once upon a time there was a girl name Cindrella. She lived with her bad
step-mother and two step-sisters. She had to do all the household chores.
One day the king invited all the ladies in the kingdom to go to a ball (pesta
dansa) in the palace. He wanted to find the Crown Prince a wife.
The step sisters went to the ball that night with their mother. Cindrella was left
alone. She cried because she actually wanted to go to the ball, too.
Just then a fairy godmother came. With her magic wand, she gave Cindrella a
coach (kereta), two horses and footmen. She also gave Cindrella a lovely dress to
wear the ball and a pair of glass slippers. She told Cindrella to come home before
midnight.
At the ball, Cindrella danced all night with the Prince. The Prince fell in love
with her. At midnight, Cindrella ran home. Unfortunately, one of her slippers slipped
off at the door. She did not have time to put it back on. The Prince was sad as he
could not find Cindrella again that night.
The next day, the Prince and his men brought along the glass slipper. They
went all over the Kingdom to search for the owner.
After searching for along time, finally, they came to Cindrellas house. The
slipper fit her. The prince was very happy to find Cindrella again. They got married
and lived ever after.
1. What is the purpose of the text above?
a. To tell us how to write a story
b. To inform what happened in the past
c. To give a description of a beautiful girl
d. To retell about Cindrellas experience/memory
e. To entertain readers with an actual, or vicarious experience
2. What was there at the palace one day?
a. A game
b. A ball
c. A birthday party
d. Crown part
e. Glass slippers
3. Why did the king hold the event at his palace?
a. To celebrate his birthday
b. To celebrate his wedding
c. To find his crown prince a wife
d. To entertain his people
e. To show give amusement to his guests.
4. How was the end of the story?
a. The prince married Cindrella.
b. Cindrella was killed by her step mother .
c. The prince turned into a horse forever.
d. The king gave the kingdom to Cindrella.
e. Cindrella was betrayed by the king.

5. She also gave Cindrella a lovely dress. (Paragraph 4). The underlined word has the
same meaning with ..
a. boring
b. honest
c. Polite
d. Loyal
e. Pretty

Text 2 for questions 6 to 9

A fox fell into a well and couldnt get out. By and by a thirsty goat came
along. Seeing the fox in the well it asked if the water was good. Good, said the fox, Its
the best water Ive tasted in all my life. Come down and try it yourself.
The goat was thirsty so he got into the well. When he had drunk enough, he
looked around but there was no way to get out. Then the fox said, I have a good idea.
You stand on your hind legs and put your forelegs against the side of the well. Then Ill
climb on your back, from there. Ill step on your horns, and I can get out. And when Im out,
Ill help you out of the well.
The goat did as he was asked and the fox got on his back and climbed out of
the well. Then he coolly walked away. The goat called out loudly after him and reminded
him of his promise to help him out. The fox merely turn to him and said, if you only had
thought carefully about getting out, you wouldnt have jumped into the well.
The goat felt very sad. He called out loudly. An old man walking nearby heard
him and put a plank into the well. The goat out and thanked the old man.
6. The text tells the story of ..
a. a fox
b. a goat
c. a fox and a goat
d. An old man and the fox
e. the goat and an old man

7. What do we learn from the text?

a. The foxs idea of how to get out of the well
b. How both the goat and the fox got out of the well
c. How the fox got out of the well
d. How the fox helped the goat
e. Why the fox got into the well

8. The goat did as he was asked (Paragraph 3) What does the above sentence
mean?
a. The goat drank enough and looked around.
b. The goat came down to the well and drank.
c. The goat called out loudly after the fox got out.
d. The goat waited someone who might help him.
e. The goat stood on his hint legs and put his forelegs against the side of the well.

9. Come down and try it yourself. (Paragraph 1). The underlined word refers to......
a. a well
b. water
c. a fox
d. a goat
e. Life

Text 3 for questions 10 to 13

Once upon a time, there was a king who ruled in Teberu Lombok, who had a
beautiful daughter called Puteri Mandalika. Because of her beauty, princes and kings from
other kingdom around Teberu wished that she would be their wife. Six of them came to
Teberu and ask for her hand of marriage. They were Prince Bumbang, Prince Aryo Johor,
Prince Singa Trasak, Prince Daria Loka, Prince Gunung Piring and Prince Bungsu. Each
prince wanted to win the hearth of Puteri Mandalika.
Her father, the king of Teberu, was very confused and did not know what to do. If
he chose one prince instead of another then it would create jealousy and there could be
war against his kingdom. All the princes were handsome and powerful and so the king
allowed his daughter to make her own choice. But Puteri Mandalika was confused too and
she also knew the dangerous risk that her kingdom and people would get, if she chose
either one of the princes.
After several days of serious thinking, Puteri Mandalika met her parents and asked
her permission to announce her decision in front of all the princes and the people of Teberu
the next day in the beach. Early next morning, everybody gathered on the beach. There
was a gentle breeze with small waves breaking softly across the shore. Everybody was
looking at Puteri Mandalika, waiting for her announcement.
Meanwhile, the six princes prayed in their heart that he would be the chosen one.
Then in a loud and clear voice, Puteri Mandalika Said, Oh my beloved mother and
father, all the princes and especially the people of Teberu Kingdom. Today I would like to
announce that I will not give myself to any one of the princes, but rather to all people of
Teberu and my own kingdom. Then Puteri Mandalika threw herself into the sea from the
top of a hill and disappeared. Everybody desperately search for her but she could not be
found and people believed she was transformed into flowing sea worms called nyale

10. The second paragraph is called

a. orientation
b. complication
c. resolution
d. identification
e. conclusion

11. Why was it hard for the princess to choose one of the princes?
a. She loved all the princes.
b. All the princes were handsome.
c. All the princes were powerful.
d. She was afraid of the dangerous risk.
e. Her father permitted her to marry.

12. Six of them came to Teberu and ask for her hand of marriage. (Paragraph 1)
The underlined phrase can be replaced by ..
a. intend
b. admit
c. promise
d. accompany
e. propose

13. From the text we may conclude that

a. Putri Mandalika sacrificed herself to the sea for the sake of her people.
b. Putri Mandalika was a selfish princess.
c. One of the princes won the heart of Putri Mandalika.
d. The war happened against the kingdom due to the princess decision.
e. The people of Teberu kingdom hated the princess.

Text 4 for questions 14 to 17

The Lion and The Mouse
Once when a lion was asleep, a little mouse began running up and down upon him; this
soon awoke the lion, who placed his huge paw upon him, and open his big jaws to swallow
him. Pardon, O king, cried the little mouse, Forgive me this time, I shall never forget it;
perhaps I may be able to do you a good turn some of these days.
The lion was so tickled at the idea of the mouse being able to help him. Then, he lifted up
his paw and let him go.
Sometime after, the lion was caught in a trap. Some hunters, who wanted to carry him
alive to the King, tied him to a tree while they went in search of a wagon to carry him in.
Just then, the little mouse happened to pass by and see the sad plight in which the lion was.
The little mouse went up to him and soon gnawed away the ropes that bounded the king
of the beasts. Soon after the little mouse had finished gnawing away the ropes, he asked
the lion to run away.

14. What is the purpose of the text?

a. To entertain the readers
b. To persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case
 c. To inform the readers about the events of the day which are considered
newsworthy
d. To explain something
e. To present at least two points of view about an issue
15. What is the moral value of the text?
a. Dont look at someone because of his clothes
b. It is best for prepare for the days of necessity
c. Common people may prove great ones
d. United we stand, divided we fall
e. Honestly begins at home

16. Paragraph three mainly tells us that

a. The little mouse asked for forgiveness
b. The hunters carried the lion alive to the King
c. The lion was tied to a tree by the hunters
d. The little mouse could prove that he could help the lion
e. From the first, the lion believed in what the little mouse said

17. What did the little mouse do to prove his words?

a. He would never forget the lion
b. He tried hard to help the lion free
c. He ran up and down upon the lion
d. He asked for apology to the king of the beast
e. He tied the lion to the tree so that the hunters could carry him
 Chapter II
REPORT TEXT
A. DEFINITION OF REPORT TEXT
Definition text report is also almost similar to what is often mentioned in various
books of English at secondary level, "Report is a text the which present information
about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and
analyzes." [Report is a text that presents information on a case by what it is. This text is
the result of systematic observation and analysis.]
Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They generally
describe an entire class of things, whether natural or made: mammals, the planets,
rocks, plants, countries of region, culture, transportation, and so on.
Thus, the actual descriptive text of the report and have a fairly clear difference,
although both appear to be a "twin brother" though.
In essence, the report usually contains the text that the facts can be proved
scientifically.

B. Generic Structure of Report.

As with descriptive text, text Report also only have two common structures
[generic structure], namely:
1. General Clasification; general statements that describe the subject of a report,
description, and classification.
2. Description: Tells what the phenomenon under discussion; in terms of parts, qualities,
habits or behaviors; In this section usually gives the phenomena that occur; both its
parts, its properties, habit, or behavior. The point is the translation of scientific
classification are presented with.

C. Language Features
Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg our dog;
Use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny particles;
Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot fly;
Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones always begin
over the sea;
Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;
Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information;
repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.

D. The structure pattern of reports

As stated, there is no one right way to write a report it depends on your subject
and on the purpose of and audience for the report. What we can say with confidence is
 that reports are always divided (and often subdivided) into several headed sections
(and sub-sections). Here are some common sections that often appear in reports:

An abstract (also called executive summary) that very briefly summarises the
whole report (and which should therefore be written last).
An introduction that describes the purpose of the report, explains why it is
necessary and/or useful, and sets out its precise aims and objectives.
A literature review that describes current research and thinking on the problem or
issue. (This section is often incorporated into the introduction.)
A methods (or methodology) section that describes and justifies the methods used
to collect data.
A results (also called findings) section that simply presents the results of the
research (so it may consist mainly of tables, charts, diagrams etc.)
A discussion (sometimes called analysis or interpretation) that analyses the results.
This is often the most important section of a report.
A conclusion that summarises the report, often revisiting the aims and objectives.
Recommendations, where the writer uses the results and conclusions of the report
to make practical suggestions about the problem or issue being discussed.
A bibliography (or reference list).
Appendices (Appendix 1, Appendix 2, etc.) where data (e.g. in tables) to which the
report refers is stored.

E. Generic Structure of Report.

As with descriptive text, text Report also only have two common structures [generic
structure], namely:
1. General Clasification; general statements that describe the subject of a report,
description, and classification.

2. Description: Tells what the phenomenon under discussion; in terms of parts, qualities,
habits or behaviors; In this section usually gives the phenomena that occur; both its
parts, its properties, habit, or behavior. The point is the translation of scientific
classification are presented with.
There is also some information about the generic text structure report, which
includes:

F. Purpose of Report Text

Each paper must have a purpose why the article was written. So is the report
text. Some experts say that the purpose of a text report are:
Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They describe an entire
Generally class of things, whether natural or made: Mammals, the planets, rocks, plants,
countries of region, culture, transportation, and so on.
 If concluded, the purpose of the report text is to convey information on the results
of observation and systematic analysis. The information described in the report text is
usually general in nature, be it natural or buata like mammals, planets, rocks, plants,
state, culture, transportation, and so forth.

G. Example Of Narraitive

Tyrannosaurus Rex

Tyrannosaurus Rex, sometimes just called T-Rex, is believed to be the largest and
most fearsome predator on Earths land everto have existed.
This dinosaur once lived in the Cretaceous period approximately 68 to 65 million
years ago. The T-Rex lived in a humid, semi-tropical environment, in open forests with
nearby rivers and in coastal forested swamps. The seasons were mild.
Tyrannosaurus Rex was up to 40 feet (12.4 m) long, about 15 to 20 feet (4.6 to 6
m) tall. The arms were only about 3 feet (1 m) long. Tyrannosaurus Rex was roughly 5 to 7
tons in weight.
As a carnivorous dinosaur, this giant predator most likely ambushed their prey,
and devoured them with jaws full of whitesharp teeth. With its fast ability to run at an
astonishing speed of 32 mph (50 kmh), a perfect slim and stiff tail that gave it an
excellent balance and allowed it to make quick turns, equipped this gigantic predator
and made it even more deadly, like a killing machine.

Generic Structure Analysis :

1) General Classification : Tyrannosaurus Rex, sometimes just called T-Rex, is believed
to be the largest and most fearsome predator on Earths land ever to have existed.
2) Description
Physical Appearance : Tyrannosaurus Rex was up to 40 feet (12.4 m) long, about 15
to 20 feet (4.6 to 6 m) tall. The arms were only about 3 feet (1 m) long.
Tyrannosaurus Rex was roughly 5 to 7 tons in weight.
Behavior : As a carnivorous dinosaur, this giant predator most likely ambushed their
prey, and devoured them with jaws full of white sharp teeth. With its fast ability to
run at an astonishing speed of 32 mph (50 kmh), a perfect slim and stiff tail that
gave it an excellent balance and allowed it to make quick turns, equipped this
gigantic predator and made it even more deadly, like a killing machine.
Environment : This dinosaur once lived in the Cretaceous period approximately 68
to 65 million years ago. The T-Rex lived in a humid, semi-tropical environment, in
open forests with nearby rivers and in coastal forested swamps. The seasons were
mild.

Platypus

Many people call platypus duckbill because this animal has a bill like duckbill. Platypus is
a native Tasmania and southern and eastern Australia.
Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its body length is 30 to 45 cm and covered with
a thick, and woolly layer of fur. Its bill is detecting prey and stirring up mud.
Platypus eyes and head aresmall. It has no ears but has ability to sense sound and light.
Platypus lives in streams, rivers, and lakes. Female platypususually dig burrows in the
streams or river banks. The burrows are blocked with soil to protect it from intruders and
flooding. In the other hand, male platypus does not need any burrow to stay.
Generic Structure analysis :
1. General classification; stating general classification, the animal of platypus.
2. Description; describing in detail characterization of platypus body and habitual life
Thats all I can describe about Recount Text. I hope it will beuseful.