La Abrasion Test

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PASIR GUDANG LABORATORY MANUAL
COURSE HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

COURSE CODE ECG354
LEVEL OF OPENNESS 0
CATEGORY PARTIALLY OPEN
DEGREE OF OPEN-ENDED
0
(%)
PERIOD OF ACTIVITY 1 WEEK
EXPERIMENT LOS ANGELES (L.A) ABRASION TEST
Introduction
The traditional methods of conducting laboratory activities (assigned as
Level 0) will not be able to provide the avenue for students to enhance
independent learning activities and inculcate creativity and innovation. The
traditional method is fully prescriptive where the three elements namely
problem, ways & means and answers are provided/fully given to the
students. However, it is still necessary to be implemented as part of the
whole laboratory course activity specially to first and second year students
In these laboratory activities, students are required to set-up an aggregate
tests in order to evaluate the strength (toughness and durability)
characteristic of aggregate. Students are encouraged to develop their
PREAMBLE critical analysis skills by analyzing and presenting the experimental results
appropriately.
Objectives
The objectives of the tests are:
1. To ascertain the degradation property of aggregates by abrasion
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the laboratory session, students should be able:
1. Identify the grade of degradation of aggregate
2. Analyze the data correctly and present in typical format
3. Work in a group to produce a technical report
FKA, UiTM PASIR GUDANG September 2017

Theoretical Background
Aggregates play an important role in the design and construction of highway
and air-field pavements. They are also major part of rigid (concrete) and
flexible (asphalt) pavements. Aggregate is a combination of sand, gravel,
crushed aggregate or other materials of mineral composition. Aggregates
used in road construction should be strong enough to resist crushing and
abrasion action under traffic wheel loads. It should not wear and abrade too
easily. This applies in particular to aggregate present in wearing courses
and surface treatment. If the aggregate is weak, the stability of pavement
structure is likely to be adversely affected. Abrasion test is a measure of
resistance to degradation of known mass of coarse aggregates of standard
grading resulting from a combination of action including abrasion and
grinding in a rotating steel drum. The test will give a measure of aggregates
hardness, as specified and required for use in both road and highway
pavement construction projects.
Pavement structure comprises of several layers, surfacing, base, sub-base

and sub-grade. The most important layer which has direct contact with
traffic is surfacing layer. The surfacing layer consists of aggregate and
PROBLEM binder. The aggregates must possess adequate strength and durability to
STATEMENT withstand moving and static load. Soft aggregates will be quickly ground to
dust while harder aggregates have higher resistance to abrasion and
grinding effects. Laboratory tests are carried out to determine the
characteristic of such aggregates.
Apparatus
WAYS & MEANS
i. Los Angeles Abrasion Machine
ii. Steel balls (spheres)
iii. Sieve shaker
iv. Sieves sizes of 25 mm, 20 mm, 14 mm, 10 mm, 1.7 mm and pan
v. Metal trays
vi. Scoops
vii. Electronic balance of accuracy to 0.01g
viii.Laboratory oven
ix. Fine haired brush (3 mm)
Procedures

i. Approximately 5000g of aggregates including 2500 10g of 20 to

14mm, and 2500 10g of 14 to 10mm sizes are used. (Note : this is
for aggregates graded mainly between 20mm and 10mm sizes).
ii. Prepare the aggregates sample in such ways that the aggregates is first
washed, followed by dried and weighted.
iii. Place the aggregates sample in the LA Abrasion machine.
iv. Add eleven (11) steel balls in the machine.
v. Rotate the drum for 500 revolutions at a speed of 30 to 33 rpm.
vi. After the drum has stopped for the prescribed number of revolutions, the
sample is removed and the aggregate portion is sieved using sieve of
size 1.70mm (No. 12).
vii. The sample that is retained on the sieve is washed and then dried in the
laboratory oven at temperature of between 105 and 110 OC for twenty
four hours.
viii. After a-day oven-dry heating at 105 to 110 OC to obtain constant weight,
the aggregate sample is taken out from the oven and it is cooled in the
lab atmosphere. Then, weigh the sample immediately to the nearest 1g
(MS 30: Part 11: 1995).
Data Acquisition
All data must be tabulated in this format:
Calculation : Percent Wear (%) = Weight of loss x 100
Initial weight
Aggregate size Weight of Weight of Loss (g)

(mm) sample (g) sample (g) After
Before
20-14
14-10
Percent wear (%)
*Note for a nominal 20mm maximum size aggregate with the percentage of wear
should be between 10 to 45%
The group will be required to prepare the technical report of the laboratory
study highlighting the procedures adopted, data acquisition
process/analysis carried out and the relevancy of the parameters obtained
RESULTS
to address the problem given. A technical report should be submitted one
(1) week after the laboratory test with the relevant results, analyses and
application to civil engineering projects.

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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

COURSE HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

FKA, UiTM PASIR GUDANG September 2017

Pavement structure comprises of several layers, surfacing, base, sub-base

FKA, UiTM PASIR GUDANG September 2017

i. Approximately 5000g of aggregates including 2500 10g of 20 to

Aggregate size Weight of Weight of Loss (g)

FKA, UiTM PASIR GUDANG September 2017

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