CCSS This document shows where students and teachers should spend the large majority of their time in

order to meet the expectations of the Standards.

WHERE TO FOCUS
GRADE 2 Not all content in a given grade is emphasized equally in To say that some things have greater emphasis is not to say
the Standards. Some clusters require greater emphasis that anything in the Standards can safely be neglected in
MATHEMATICS than others based on the depth of the ideas, the time instruction. Neglecting material will leave gaps in student
that they take to master, and/or their importance to skill and understanding and may leave students unprepared
future mathematics or the demands of college and career for the challenges of a later grade.

MATH 2 F readiness. More time in these areas is also necessary for

students to meet the Standards for Mathematical Practice.

MATHEMATICS GRADE 2 FOCUS

Students should spend the large majority1 of their time on the major work of the grade ( ). Supporting work ( ) and, where appropriate, additional work ( ) can
engage students in the major work of the grade.2, 3

MAJOR, SUPPORTING, AND ADDITIONAL CLUSTERS FOR GRADE 2 HIGHLIGHTS OF MAJOR WORK
Emphases are given at the cluster level. Refer to the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics for the IN GRADES K8
specific standards that fall within each cluster.
Key: Major Clusters Supporting Clusters Additional Clusters Addition and subtraction concepts, skills, and
K2 problem solving; place value

2.OA.A Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction. Multiplication and division of whole numbers and
35 fractions concepts, skills, and problem solving
2.OA.B Add and subtract within 20.
2.OA.C Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication. Ratios and proportional relationships; early
6
expressions and equations
2.NBT.A Understand place value.
7 Ratios and proportional relationships; arithmetic of
2.NBT.B Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract. rational numbers
2.MD.A Measure and estimate lengths in standard units.
8 Linear algebra and linear functions
2.MD.B Relate addition and subtraction to length.
2.MD.C Work with time and money.

2.MD.D Represent and interpret data.

2.G.A Reason with shapes and their attributes. REQUIRED FLUENCIES FOR GRADE 2
Single-digit sums and differences (sums from
2.OA.B.2 memory by end of Grade 2)

2.NBT.B.5 Add/subtract within 100

1 At least 65% and up to approximately 85% of class time, with Grades K2 nearer the upper end of that range, should be devoted to the major work of the grade. For more information, see Criterion #1 of the K8 Publishers Criteria for the Common Core
State Standards for Mathematics www.achievethecore.org/publisherscriteria. Find additional resources
2 Refer also to criterion #3 in the K8 Publishers Criteria for the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics www.achievethecore.org/publisherscriteria. at achievethecore.org 1
3 Note, the critical areas are a survey of what will be taught at each grade level; the major work is the subset of topics that deserve the large majority of instructional time during a given year to best prepare students for college and careers.
CCSS
WHERE TO FOCUS
GRADE 2
MATHEMATICS

An important subset of the major work in grades K8 is the progression that leads toward middle school algebra.

K 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Know number Represent and solve Represent and solve Represent & solve Use the four Understand the place Apply and Apply and extend Work with radical and
names and the count problems involving problems involving problems involving operations with whole value system extend previous previous understanding integer exponents
sequence addition and addition and multiplication and numbers to solve understandings of of operations with
subtraction subtraction division problems Perform operations multiplication and fractions to add, Understand the
Count to tell the with multi-digit whole division to divide subtract, multiply, connections between
number of objects Understand and Add and subtract Understand properties Generalize place numbers and decimals fractions by fractions and divide rational proportional
apply properties within 20 of multiplication value understanding to hundredths numbers relationships, lines, and
Compare numbers of operations and and the relationship for multi-digit whole Apply and linear equations**
the relationship Understand place value between multiplication numbers Use equivalent extend previous Analyze proportional
Understand addition between addition and and division fractions as a strategy understandings of relationships and Analyze and solve
as putting together subtraction Use place value Use place value to add and subtract numbers to the system use them to solve linear equations and
and adding to, and understanding Multiply & divide understanding fractions of rational numbers real-world and pairs of simultaneous
understand subtraction Add and subtract and properties of within 100 and properties of mathematical problems linear equations
as taking apart and within 20 operations to add and operations to perform Apply and Understand ratio
taking from subtract Solve problems multidigit arithmetic extend previous concepts and use ratio Use properties of Define, evaluate, and
Work with addition and involving the four understandings of reasoning to solve operations to generate compare functions
Work with numbers 11- subtraction equations Measure and estimate operations, and Extend understanding multiplication and problems equivalent expressions
19 to gain foundations lengths in standard identify & explain of fraction equivalence division to multiply and Use functions to model
for place value Extend the counting units patterns in arithmetic and ordering divide fractions Apply and extend Solve real-life and relationships between
sequence previous mathematical problems quantities
Relate addition and Develop understanding Build fractions Geometric understandings of using numerical and
Understand place value subtraction to length of fractions as numbers from unit fractions measurement: arithmetic to algebraic algebraic expressions
by applying and understand concepts expressions and equations
Use place value Solve problems extending previous of volume and
understanding involving measurement understandings of relate volume to Reason about and
and properties of and estimation of operations multiplication and to solve one-variable
operations to add and intervals of time, liquid addition equations and
subtract volumes, & masses of Understand decimal inequalities
objects notation for fractions, Graph points in the
Measure lengths and compare decimal coordinate plane Represent and
indirectly and by Geometric fractions to solve real-world analyze quantitative
iterating length units measurement: and mathematical relationships between
understand concepts problems* dependent and
of area and relate area independent variables
to multiplication and
to addition

* Indicates a cluster that is well thought of as a part of a students progress to algebra, but that is currently not designated as major by the assessment consortia in their draft materials. Apart from the one asterisked exception, the clusters
listed here are a subset of those designated as major in the assessment consortias draft documents.
** Depends on similarity ideas from geometry to show that slope can be defined and then used to show that a linear equation has a graph which is a straight line and conversely.