PPL Corporation

Climate Assessment
Assessing the Long-term Impact of Climate Policies on PPL

November 2017
 ABOUT OUR COMPANY
Headquartered in Allentown, Pa., PPL Corporation (NYSE: PPL) is one of the largest
companies in the U.S. utility sector. The company serves more than 10 million customers
in the United States and United Kingdom and employs nearly 13,000 people.

Our mission is to provide reliable, safe energy at a reasonable cost to our customers and
best-in-sector returns to our shareowners. We believe our competitive earnings, growing
dividend, solid management and high-quality assets represent an attractive low-risk
opportunity for those looking to invest in the utility sector.

Our vision is to empower economic vitality and quality of life, and to be a positive force in
the communities where we do business. We support human services, education, arts and
culture, and environmental stewardship. In addition, our companies work closely with
local and state officials to foster economic development that creates jobs throughout the
territories we serve.

PPL Corporations portfolio of operating companies is located in three primary jurisdictions:

Kentucky, Pennsylvania and the U.K. Each of these jurisdictions has different laws, regulatory
agencies and local governing bodies. Details are available in the companys 2016 Form 10-K
Report, Part I, Business (filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission).

As we move forward, PPLs strategy for growth is simple: Deliver industry-leading customer
service and reliability. Invest responsibly in a sustainable energy future. Execute our business
plans well. Maintain a strong financial foundation. And engage and develop our people.

ABOUT THIS ASSESSMENT

This assessment was prepared in 2017, and the results are based on specific assumptions and estimates made in the context of the scenarios modeled in the report.
Given the inherent uncertainty in predicting and modeling future conditions, caution should be exercised when interpreting the information provided. The results are
not indicative of, and this assessment does not represent, a preferred or expected outcome or view of the future.
2 Section 1: Introduction
5 Section 2: PPLs Approach to Climate Change
11 Section 3: Scenario Analysis
13 Section 4: Results
15 Section 5: Conclusion

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In August 2017, PPL Corporation committed to shareowners that it would publish an assessment of the potential impacts on PPL
resulting from future requirements and technological advances aimed at limiting global warming to 2 Celsius over pre-industrial levels.
In keeping with that commitment, this report presents the results of PPLs scenario-based climate assessment. In addition, it describes
PPLs approach to climate change and steps the company is taking to manage climate-related risks and to capitalize on
new opportunities.
Our approach to climate change
PPL regularly assesses risks and opportunities associated with climate change as part of our overall strategic business planning and
enterprise risk management. The company is committed to advancing a cleaner energy future. Our actions include using innovative
approaches to integrate more distributed energy resources, investing in lower-emitting generation in Kentucky consistent with Kentuckys
lowest reasonable cost requirements and investing in a more dynamic, resilient grid. As a result of PPLs strategic restructuring and
investments in recent years, PPLs carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions dropped about 50 percent from 2010 to 2016.
Our analysis
PPLs portfolio is heavily focused on electricity delivery with more than 80 percent of 2016 earnings driven by our delivery operations.
Our Kentucky utilities own and operate generation facilities. For this assessment, the company analyzed the potential impacts on its
Kentucky generation assets of three possible long-term policy scenarios. We considered potential variations in commodity prices,
technology adoption rates and other factors across these scenarios.
Potential impact
Under each policy scenario considered, including a scenario consistent with limiting the global temperature increase to 2 Celsius, carbon
dioxide emissions from PPLs Kentucky generation assets are expected to decline 45-90 percent from 2005 levels by 2050. Moreover, we
anticipate that the financial risk of continuing to operate the existing coal units will be minimal so long as they are operated consistent
with approved regulatory frameworks and are economically justifiable to Kentucky regulators. We have made, and continue to make,
major investments across our transmission and distribution operations to mitigate weather-related climate risks and make the grid more
reliable and resilient. We are also leveraging smart grid technologies to actively manage our system and integrate distributed energy
resources. In addition, we are actively engaging with regulators on these issues.
Moving forward
PPL will continue to assess risks and opportunities associated with climate change. In addition, we will continue to engage on related
public policy matters to ensure we can respond effectively to future changes in policy and regulation as we look to preserve and grow
shareowner value.

PPL Corporation Climate Assessment 1

Section 1: As a regulated utility business with operations in both the U.S. and
U.K., PPL Corporation is actively engaged in monitoring policy
INTRODUCTION developments in both countries, regularly assessing risks and
opportunities associated with climate change and investing
In December 2015, nearly 200 nations, including the United States responsibly in a sustainable energy future.
and United Kingdom, adopted the Paris Agreement on Climate
Change. The agreement established a comprehensive framework for A Sector in Transition
reducing greenhouse gas emissions and limiting global warming to
well below 2 Celsius above pre-industrial levels. PPL is part of a broader energy sector that has witnessed significant
change in recent years.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the leading
international body for the assessment of climate change, estimates After growing more than 2 percent annually through much of the
that achieving the 2 Celsius constraint requires limiting the 1980s and 1990s, U.S. electricity consumption has remained
atmospheric concentration of CO2 to 450 parts per million (ppm) essentially flat since 2005 due to higher efficiency standards and
by 2100. changes in technology, particularly for lighting and appliances.
Stable or, in some cases, declining consumption has significantly
On June 1, 2017, U.S. President Donald J. Trump announced that the reduced the need for new generation, limiting the construction of
U.S. would withdraw from the Paris Agreement, but would be willing new, lower-emitting power plants.
to re-engage if appropriate. The circumstances under which the U.S.
would be willing to re-engage are not clear. Since 2005, more than 100 gigawatts (GW) of U.S. coal-fired
generation has been retired after an average operating life of
In addition, on March 28, 2017, President Trump signed an Executive 52 years, with the vast majority of replacement generation
Order directing the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to fueled by natural gas and, increasingly, by renewable energy.
review the agencys Clean Power Plan (CPP) and, if appropriate, In fact, a March 2016 report by the U.S. Energy Information
suspend, revise or rescind the guidance as soon as practicable. Administration shows that 67 percent of new electric generation
In October 2017, the EPA began the process to repeal the CPP. capacity added in 2015 was wind or solar.
The CPP, published in the Federal Register in October 2015, With respect to existing generation capacity, low natural gas prices
established a regulatory framework to enable existing U.S. power have resulted in gas plants running more and coal plants running
plants to reduce CO2 emissions 26-28 percent below 2005 levels by less (see Figure 1). In fact, in 2016 and for the first time in U.S.
2025 and 32 percent nationally by 2030, consistent with the U.S. history, natural gas displaced coal as the nations top power
nationally determined contribution submitted under the Paris generation source.
Agreement in March 2015.
United States Electricity Generation by Fuel, 2001-2016 (Figure 1)
The CPP, which was challenged in court, is currently stayed by the
U.S. Supreme Court pending judicial review by the U.S. Court of 4,500,000

Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. 4,000,000

As of the publication of this report, there is no comprehensive 3,500,000

federal regulatory framework for limiting CO2 emissions from

3,000,000
existing power plants in the U.S. absent major modifications at
those plants.
Terawatt Hours

2,500,000

The U.K., meanwhile, remains a signatory to the Paris Agreement 2,000,000

and has established aggressive CO2 targets that have translated into 1,500,000

public policy initiatives. The U.K.s Climate Change Act 2008 requires
1,000,000
a mandatory 80 percent reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050,
compared with 1990 levels. It establishes an intermediate reduction 500,000

target of 34 percent by 2020. 0

2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016

Neither Pennsylvania nor Kentucky has enacted legislation or Nuclear Hydro Petroleum Coal Natural Gas Other Renewables

regulations to specifically regulate CO2 emissions. Pennsylvania Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Electric Power Monthly

enacted an Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard in 2004 requiring

utilities and retail suppliers to purchase a portion of their customers
electricity needs from renewable and alternative energy sources
(15 percent for the 2016-2017 compliance period, climbing to
18 percent by 2020).

2 PPL Corporation Climate Assessment

This transformation is likely to continue due primarily to four factors: A Kentucky segment that consists of the regulated
gas prices are expected to remain low; the cost and development electricity and natural gas operations of Louisville Gas and
risk of new coal and nuclear generation remains high relative to Electric Company (LG&E) and Kentucky Utilities Company (KU),
natural gas in particular; the costs of renewable energy and serving a combined 1.3 million customers.
energy storage are expected to continue to decline; and long-term WPD and PPL Electric do not own power plants or generate
forecasted growth in electricity demand remains minimal. Absent electricity. Their business is strictly delivering power. Their rates are
the addition of new coal units, the nations coal fleet will likely set by utility regulators in the case of PPL Electric, through
continue to shrink as it ages. Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission (PUC) base rate reviews
As Figure 2 illustrates, of the approximately 270 GW of existing coal and, with respect to transmission, a Federal Energy Regulatory
generation, approximately two-thirds will be 50-plus years old by Commission (FERC) formula rate. In the WPD, rates are set through
2030, growing to 92 percent by 2050. Assuming coal units in the the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgems) current
U.S. continue to retire after 50-plus years of operation, CO2 emis- eight-year price-control period.
sions are likely to decline as they are replaced by natural gas and PPLs Kentucky utilities generate power, operating about 8,100
renewable generation. megawatts of capacity, in addition to delivering electricity and
Most of Most of U.S.
U.S. coal Coal
fleet Fleet
will be Will
overbe Over natural gas. Kentucky rates are set by Kentucky Public Service
50 Years
60 years Oldthe
old in in the Next
next 20 20-30 Years (Figure 2)
- 30 years Commission (KPSC) base rate reviews and, with respect to
wholesale transmission, a FERC formula rate or tariff.
2020 12% 22% 42% 17% 7%

Electricity Delivery a Prime Focus

2030 8% 4% 22% 42% 24%
In 2016, more than 80 percent of PPLs earnings were driven
by PPLs non-generating U.K. and Pennsylvania business segments.
2040 3% 5% 4% 22% 66%
Moreover, a significant portion of Kentucky segment earnings
resulted from the distribution of electricity and natural gas.
2050 3% 5% 4% 88% Collectively, PPLs utility businesses delivered more than 144 million
megawatt-hours of electricity in 2016. Coal-fired generation at our
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Kentucky utilities produced 27 million megawatt-hours, or about
%<30 years old % 30-39 y.o. % 40-49 y.o. % 50-59 y.o. % >=60 y.o.
one-fifth of that amount.

Significant CO2 Reductions

Source: Based on U.S. Energy Information Administration 2016 Form EIA-860 Data Schedule 3

As a result of this trend, U.S. utility sector CO2 emissions dropped

25 percent from 2005 to 2016. The carbon intensity of the nations In June 2015, PPL spun off its competitive generation business,
generation capacity is expected to continue to decline as the significantly reducing the amount of generation in its portfolio and
sectors transformation continues. its exposure to the climate-change risks associated with those
generation activities. The spinoff of PPLs competitive generation
business, combined with actions taken at our Kentucky utilities,
A Closer Look at PPL reduced PPLs CO2 emissions by approximately 50 percent from
PPL is a regulated utility business with three major business 2010 to 2016 (see Figure 3).
segments: PPLPPL
COCO2
2 Emissions
Emissions (Figure 3)
A U.K. segment that consists of four regulated electricity 70

distribution network operators owned by Western Power 60

Distribution plc (WPD), serving 7.8 million customers in central 50

Millions of U.S. Tons

and southwest England and Wales.

40

30
A Pennsylvania segment that consists of the regulated 20
distribution and transmission operations of PPL Electric 10
Utilities Corporation (PPL Electric), serving 1.4 million 0
customers in eastern and central Pennsylvania. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

EPA Electronic Greenhouse Gas Reporting Tool (e-GGRT) Scope 1 emissions for PPLs Kentucky
segment and PPL Energy Supply. Data excludes PPL Energy Supply emissions beginning in 2015,
as PPL spun off PPL Energy Supply on June 1, 2015.

PPL Corporation Climate Assessment 3

PPL Generation in Kentucky Assessing Future Risks and Opportunities
In Kentucky, where PPLs utilities own power plants, LG&E and KU Across its portfolio of regulated utilities, PPL remains committed to
generate about 40 percent of the electricity consumed in the advancing a smarter, cleaner energy future, while balancing its
Commonwealth. utilities obligations to provide power safely, reliably and affordably
As a leading manufacturer of automobiles, steel and other products, to millions of customers.
Kentucky was the eighth most electricity-intensive U.S. state in This report highlights a number of ways in which PPL is
2016, as measured by the ratio of electricity consumption and state demonstrating this commitment. Additional details and examples
gross domestic product. As such, low-cost electricity is critically of PPL initiatives can be found in PPLs Sustainability Report online
important to the Commonwealths economy. at www.pplsustainability.com.
Strong, bipartisan political support for coal exists in Kentucky, and Similarly, PPL is also committed to creating long-term shareowner
the Commonwealth does not have a renewable portfolio standard. value through fiscal discipline, continuous improvement,
In April 2014, the Kentucky General Assembly passed legislation environmental stewardship, effective risk management and
limiting measures state officials could consider in setting strategic investment.
performance standards to comply with the EPAs CPP.
The legislation provided that such performance standards be Climate Impact Assessment
based on emission reductions, efficiency measures and other
This report assesses potential impacts on PPL resulting from future
improvements available at each power plant, rather than renewable
requirements and technological advances aimed at limiting global
energy, end-use energy efficiency, fuel switching and re-dispatch.
warming to 2 Celsius over pre-industrial levels. As the report
Under Kentucky statute (KRS 278), the KPSC is responsible for demonstrates, PPLs long-term strategy is informed by continuous
ensuring that utility rates are fair, just and reasonable. Historically, and focused scenario planning.
the KPSC has applied a lowest reasonable cost analysis to meet
Section 2 of this report discusses PPLs approach to climate change
this requirement as rates are set and applications for certificates of
and includes PPLs views regarding overall risks and opportunities.
public convenience and necessity for major construction are
Section 3 highlights PPLs analysis around three scenarios:
reviewed. To recover their costs, LG&E and KU are required to
demonstrate to the KPSC that their investments are prudent and A Current Policies scenario, which assumes that future
represent the lowest reasonable cost option. CO2 emissions will be driven by generation economics
and technology developments, rather than by new law
LG&E and KU generation currently includes a mix of coal, natural gas
or regulation.
and renewable capacity. In 2016, coal accounted for 64 percent of
LG&Es and KUs generating capacity, which represented less than A Paris Agreement/CPP scenario, which assumes that
2 percent of coal-fired generation capacity in the U.S. federal regulations are adopted that would require PPLs
CO2 emissions from generation to be reduced by 25
Like the nations generation fleet, PPLs Kentucky fleet has changed
percent below their 2005 level by 2030, with no further
in recent years. In 2015, PPLs Kentucky utilities completed the
regulatory-driven reductions from that point forward.
retirement of 800 megawatts of coal capacity and completed
construction of a new natural gas, combined-cycle unit. In 2016, A 2 Celsius scenario, which assumes that, while not
LG&E and KU also completed a 10-megawatt universal solar power mandated by regulation or law, PPLs CO2 emissions would
facility, Kentuckys largest. In addition, LG&E and KU completed a need to be on a trajectory to be 50 percent below 2005
multi-year, $2.8 billion project to add environmental controls to four levels by 2050.
of the companys coal-fired power plants to further reduce Section 4 discusses the results of PPLs analysis, which
emissions and improve operations. As a result of these emissions demonstrates that CO2 emission reductions could occur consistent
controls, 2017 emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and with the 2 Celsius scenario by 2050 with or without the Paris
particulate matter are expected to be 92 percent, 77 percent and Agreement/CPP. The timing and magnitude of future CO2 emissions
90 percent lower, respectively, than they were in 1998. will depend on the actual operating life of coal plants, future natural
Finally, in November 2017, LG&E and KU announced plans to gas prices relative to the cost of new renewables and existing coal
retire two coal units totaling 272 MW in the first quarter of 2019 units, future developments in battery storage technology, distributed
(E.W. Brown Units 1 and 2). solar penetration and electric vehicle adoption.
Section 5 provides PPLs conclusions from its analysis, including
the companys expectation that the financial risk of continuing to
operate its existing coal units will be minimal so long as they are
operated consistent with approved regulatory frameworks and are
economically justifiable to Kentucky regulators.

4 PPL Corporation Climate Assessment

Section 2:
PPLS APPROACH
Consistent Methodology Enables Enterprise
TO CLIMATE CHANGE Risk View of PPL Portfolio (Figure 5)

PPL has a longstanding commitment to conduct business in a

manner that avoids or minimizes any adverse impacts on the
environment while providing electricity safely, reliably and affordably Enterprise Risk
Management
Executive Leadership
Team Review
Audit Committee
Finance Committee
to its customers. Board of
Directors
PPL has established seven sustainability commitments
(see Figure 4) as a framework for the corporation to grow and Analysis
of material Environmental,
innovate in responsible ways. Included in this framework are risks & Social and
opportunities Governance (ESG)
commitments to advance a cleaner energy future and to build
tomorrows energy infrastructure. Compensation, Governance
and Nominating Committee
Regarding climate change, PPLs approach centers on understand-
ing and managing climate risks, exploring opportunities associated In addition, PPLs full board receives periodic updates on risk-related
with the drive for a cleaner energy future and taking steps to reduce matters from its committees, as well as management. The board
the companys carbon footprint. has designated its Compensation, Governance and Nominating
Committee as the body responsible for overseeing PPLs practices
and positions to further its corporate citizenship, including sustain-
PPL Sustainability Commitments (Figure 4) ability, environmental and corporate social responsibility initiatives.
Create extraordinary shareowner value
Integrated Resource Planning
Drive best-in-sector operational performance In addition to the ERM process, PPLs operating companies regularly
review and analyze risks and opportunities as part of ongoing
Advance a cleaner energy future business planning activities.
In Kentucky, for example, LG&E and KU routinely evaluate the best
Build tomorrows energy infrastructure ways to serve customers under a wide range of scenarios. These
scenarios evaluate the uncertainity about future load; fuel prices;
Exceed customer expectations environmental costs, including CO2 emissions; and other factors.
The purpose of LG&Es and KUs Integrated Resource Planning
process is to ensure that their generation fleets meet their
Foster an exceptional workplace
obligations to provide reliable electric service at the lowest
reasonable cost (see Figure 6).
Strengthen communities
Factors Considered During Integrated
Resource Planning (Figure 6)

Enterprise Risk Management FOSSIL

LOAD
PPL maintains a robust enterprise risk management (ERM) process
that provides a business portfolio view of material risks that may ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
UNIVERSAL

IRP
RENEWABLES
impact achievement of PPLs business strategy (see Figure 5). This
DEMAND SUPPLY
includes risks associated with climate change. $
FUEL &
As part of the ERM process, representatives from PPLs operating ELECTRIC ENVIRONMENTAL
VEHICLES COST
companies and service groups identify, assess, monitor and report
on both ongoing and emerging risks. PPLs Risk Management group BATTERY
PRIVATE
STORAGE
oversees this process and reports quarterly to the Audit Committee SOLAR
of PPL Corporations Board of Directors.

PPL Corporation Climate Assessment 5

The Integrated Resource Planning process starts with a forecast of LG&E and KU Energy
EnergyConsumption
Consumption by Time
by Time of Dayof Day (Figure 8)
our customers energy needs. LG&E and KU use the best information 100%
available to develop reasonable long-term forecasts that reflect not 90%
only the quantity of electricity required but also the hour-by-hour 80%
demand (see Figure 7). LG&Es and KUs load forecast models 70%
consider factors such as weather conditions, daily usage patterns, 60%

future economic activity, population, potential adoption rates of new 50%

and existing demand-side management programs and key techno- 40%

logical drivers like electric vehicles, private solar generation, 30%

20%
appliance efficiencies, LED lighting penetration and more.
10%
LG&E and KUDaily
Daily Load
Load Shape
Shape Ranges (Figure 7)
Ranges 0%
10,000
1/6/2014; -2F; 7,114 MW
9,000
2/20/2015; -3F; 7,079 MW 8/4/2010; 100F; 7,175 MW
8,000
% Nighttime Hours % Daylight Hours
7,000
6,000
MW

5,000 LG&E and KU submit an Integrated Resource Plan to the KPSC as

4,000 required about once every three years. Between reports, however,
3,000 they annually review and update their plan to reflect the latest
2,000 information and forecasts.
Annual peak demand can occur in the summer or
1,000
winter; hourly load can change by 3,000 MW in one day.
Additionally, WPD and PPL Electric, which do not own generation,
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 periodically report to regulators the plans and actions the
Hour of Day companies are taking to modernize and strengthen their electric
Winter Summer delivery networks. This includes enhancing their networks to reduce
damage and speed up recovery from severe weather impacts that
could become more common as a result of climate change.
The seasonal and daily variability of customers energy needs
drives the development of a generation portfolio that can reliably WPDs May 2015 Adaptation to Climate Change Second Round
meet customers demands in every hour throughout the year. For Report details WPDs plans to mitigate projected impacts from
example, over the course of the year, approximately 50 percent of climate change, while its 2015-2016 Environment and Innovation
customers energy needs occur at night, with up to 65 percent Report highlights environmental performance, including WPDs
occurring at night during the winter months (see Figure 8). support of the transition to a low-carbon future through innovation.
Currently, fossil-fueled generation is the lowest reasonable cost Most recently, in January 2017, WPD published its strategy to reduce
technology for meeting this nighttime energy demand. However, if line losses, or energy lost primarily as heat on powerlines during
the economics of battery storage technology improve, then battery delivery. In addition, WPD has committed to reducing its business
storage could be coupled with solar generation to replace the carbon footprint 5 percent from 2012-2013 levels by 2023. These
existing fossil-fueled resources. reports and details regarding WPDs environmental performance
can be found online at www.westernpower.co.uk.
Also, improvements in battery storage technology and economics
could support the ability to serve peak demand and manage the PPL Electric files its Summer Readiness report annually with the
hour-to-hour changes in customer demands. For example, solar PUC detailing actions it is taking to strengthen its distribution
output does not coincide directly with summer peak and is not system. These actions are discussed in more detail on page 9 of
available at all for winter peak. Similarly, wind output is typically this report.
lower in the summer when our customers demand for energy is
greatest.

6 PPL Corporation Climate Assessment

Climate-Related Risks Levelized Cost of Constructing New Renewables vs. LG&E
and KU Marginal Energy Cost fromCosts,
Coal2010-2050
(Figure 9)
PPLs businesses could be subject to a variety of risks associated Renewable vs. LG&E-KU Marginal Energy
140
with the potential effects of climate change. Among those risks, 130
climate change may produce stronger and more frequent severe 120

weather, disrupting operations and increasing the costs to prepare 110

100
for, and respond to, weather events. 90

Carbon regulation, if implemented, could increase the cost of

Dollars per MWh

80
70
electricity for customers, depressing regional economies and 60
reducing demand for electricity. Similarly, increases in distributed 50

energy resources and private solar and wind could reduce demand 40

for centralized electricity delivery. 30

20

A rapid increase in distributed energy resources and private 10

renewable energy could pose a reliability challenge to delivery 0

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
networks if not incorporated and managed appropriately. Such an LG&E-KU Marginal Costs Solar Wind

increase could make it more difficult to monitor and adequately Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2017 Annual Technology Baseline
provide necessary 24/7 generation and manage volatility in demand
for power. Opportunities
Legislative limitations on electric distribution companies in Just as there are risks associated with climate change, the drive for
Pennsylvania and license limitations on distribution network a cleaner energy future presents opportunities, as well.
operators in the U.K. currently prohibit PPL Electric and WPD,
New transmission will be needed to connect more renewable
respectively, from owning and generating power for customers.
and low-carbon generation sources, particularly as these sources
This may continue to limit the extent of activities the companies
are often located far from population centers. Such projects support
may engage in to support the transition to a cleaner energy future.
long-term earnings growth and have typically offered favorable
These limitations restrict utilities from owning solar and wind power
returns.
to serve customers.
Additional investments in smart grid technology and more flexible
In Kentucky, meanwhile, cost recovery and returns on investments
delivery networks will be needed to adjust to changes in customer
may be disallowed if they are not considered prudent or lowest
usage patterns and support more widespread adoption of distribut-
reasonable cost by regulators. Kentucky regulations and policies
ed energy resources, including intermittent renewable energy, energy
require that investments driven by environmental regulations must
storage technology and microgrids. Such investments would
be part of a lowest reasonable cost environmental compliance plan.
support continued rate base growth.
Currently, LG&E and KU have adequate generation to meet customer
The transition to a cleaner energy future and increased
demand for the foreseeable future. Therefore, to justify adding new
deployment of distributed energy resources also offers PPLs
renewable generation to reduce CO2 emissions, the cost of energy
U.K. and Pennsylvania companies the potential to take on an
from new renewable generation must be less than the marginal cost
expanded role in actively managing distribution networks through
of energy from existing generation. Absent a regulation that imposes
both network and non-network solutions, products and services.
a price on CO2 emissions, the marginal cost of energy from coal-fired
This includes services that control and balance two-way electricity
generation is expected to be lower than the levelized cost of energy
flows across local networks.
from constructing new solar or wind generation (see Figure 9).
In Kentucky, future increased demand for renewable energy could
LG&E and KU consider the uncertainty around future CO2 regulations
enhance customer interest in new solar subscription and onsite
and costs as part of their IRP process. In the last IRP filed with the
solar development options offered by LG&E and KU. In addition, our
KPSC in 2014, in order to reflect the impact of potential CO2
Kentucky utilities will have opportunities to invest in more renew-
regulations, LG&E and KU assessed portfolio implications using two
ables and natural gas as coal-fired power plants retire, electricity
scenarios: the first of which assumed a price of carbon both at $0
demand increases or future environmental regulations accelerate a
and in the range of $17 to $48 from 2020 to 2029 and the second of
transition to less carbon-intense power generation.
which used mass reduction targets under the CPP.

PPL Corporation Climate Assessment 7

Last but not least, greater electrification of the economy to reduce In Kentucky, where PPLs utilities own generation, LG&E and KU
carbon, in particular widespread adoption of electric vehicles, could invested $25 million to build the states largest solar power facility
support increased electricity sales and require additional invest- a 10-megawatt universal solar plant completed in 2016.
ments in distribution networks. This could also require additional LG&E and KU have since launched a new Solar Share program to
investment in lower CO2-emitting generation in Kentucky. develop a subscription-based solar power purchase option for
In the U.K., for example, there were 50,000 electric vehicles on the customers who wish to support renewables, but cannot or do not
road by the end of 2015. Ofgem forecasts suggest that number want to install solar panels on their properties. In addition, the
could rise to 1 million by 2020. An electric car driving nearly 11,000 companies have launched a new solar business offering to build,
miles a year consumes roughly 3.5 megawatt-hours, the same own and operate individual solar facilities ranging from 30 kilowatts
amount of electricity annually as the average U.K. home, offering a to 5 megawatts for interested customers.
glimpse at how greater electrification could increase demand. In Pennsylvania, PPL Electric is exploring ways to leverage existing
smart grid technology to better integrate distributed energy
PPL Actions Related to Climate Change resources on the grid and balance the two-way flow of electricity.
PPL Electric has secured a $3.3 million grant from the U.S. Depart-
PPL understands that risks associated with climate change must
ment of Energy to support the companys Keystone Solar Future
be strategically managed. As the world considers climate change,
Project. The three-year pilot project will leverage PPL Electrics
PPL continues to advance a cleaner energy future and to build
existing smart grid infrastructure to develop a Distributed Energy
tomorrows energy infrastructure, taking steps to mitigate risks and
Resource Management System capable of reliably and safely
evaluate opportunities presented by climate change.
integrating more solar power on the grid.

Connecting renewables Researching clean energy technologies

In the U.K., where aggressive carbon targets have translated into
At the same time, PPL continues to explore low-carbon technologies
public policy directives, WPD is using innovative approaches to
through a wide variety of innovative research and demonstration
reliably connect private solar power to local delivery networks.
projects across its portfolio. These projects benefit customers,
U.K. regulator Ofgem has recognized WPD as leading the way enhance PPLs knowledge of emerging technologies and help
in facilitating these connections. Overall, the company has connect- accelerate the drive for a cleaner energy future.
ed nearly one-third of the nations solar power and re-engineered its
In the U.K., for example, WPD has completed more than 26
networks, traditionally designed for 14 gigawatts of demand, to be
projects to help networks enable increased adoption of renewables,
able to accept 21 gigawatts of embedded generation.
electric vehicles, heat pumps, energy storage and demand-side
During the U.K.s current eight-year price-control period, April 2015 management. The company has another 17 active projects in
through March 2023, WPD is specifically targeting more than various stages of completion.
172 million in spending on network reinforcement to support
WPD has secured more than 47 million in support for these
distributed energy resources. The company has designated another
projects through competitive funding mechanisms offered by Ofgem
50 million for deployment of smart grid technology to further
the Low Carbon Networks Fund and its successor, Network
accommodate low-carbon resources.
Innovation Allowance. Project ideas are developed by WPD teams
and through engagement with WPD stakeholders, academia and
other sources.

8 PPL Corporation Climate Assessment

One such project is WPDs Electric Nation, the largest electric vehicle These investments include rebuilding aging distribution and
project of its kind in the world. In late 2016, WDP began recruiting transmission lines with stronger and taller poles, where appropriate,
participants for the project, which will test, evaluate and assess the and expanding the distribution and transmission system with new,
implications of how different battery sizes, charging speeds and more efficient substations and power lines to give PPL greater
user behavior impact local networks. This will help WPD better flexibility to reroute power when outages occur.
manage electric vehicle load in the future. WPD is seeking to recruit PPLs efforts also include investing in smart grid technology to more
at least 500 participants. WPD provides participants a free smart quickly detect outages and restore power to customers and to
charger installed at their homes. enable more active network management by the companys utilities.
In Kentucky, LG&E and KU created a new Energy Storage Research In Pennsylvania, PPL Electric already has one of the most advanced
and Demonstration Site in collaboration with the Electric Power and robust distribution automation systems in the country
Research Institute (EPRI). The site will allow the utilities to develop, technology that has strengthened reliability for customers. PPL
test and evaluate the potential benefits and operating needs of Electric, which ranks in the first quartile for reliability among utilities
large-scale battery technologies. The site includes testing bays for nationwide, was the only utility in the country with a centralized
up to 3 megawatts of energy storage. automated restoration system in place on all of its distribution
Additional examples of PPL research projects can be found in circuits in 2016. That distinction is making a significant difference in
PPLs Sustainability Report online at www.pplsustainability.com. keeping the lights on for customers. The automated restoration
system prevented about 100,000 customer interruptions in 2016
and shortened the duration of service interruptions.
LG&Es and KUs proposed distribution automation program
comprises $112 million in infrastructure investments. Upon
implementation, when a power outage strikes, equipment will detect
it immediately and then communicate with an automated system to
identify the outage location. Having this instant information will
allow immediate rerouting of power around the affected area when
feasible, immediately restoring service to as many customers as
possible. This will improve service restoration and limit the number
of customers affected by an outage.
In the U.K., where flooding poses a serious climate risk to WPDs
Building a stronger, more resilient grid network, our investments include a long-term program to improve
Potential climate threats include more frequent and severe weather substation resilience to flooding. WPD also continues to engage with
and flooding, which increases the risk of service interruptions for stakeholders on its strategy to transition from passive network
customers of PPL utilities. PPLs climate adaptation strategy to management to a Distribution System Operator (DSO) role. In this
mitigate these risks includes making investments across its new role, WPD would carry out its existing functions while providing
portfolio to build a smarter, more reliable, more resilient grid. customers simple and consistent access to new markets and
delivering services that control and balance two-way electricity
Over the past five years (2012-2016), PPL has invested more than flows across local networks. WPDs strategy includes investing
$16 billion in infrastructure improvements, much of that focused on 125 million in the transition to a DSO role. WPD is looking to be at
modernizing and strengthening the grid. The company plans to the forefront of this transformation in the U.K.
invest an additional $16 billion from 2017 through 2021.
Apart from capital investments, PPL has robust tree trimming
programs along transmission and distribution circuits in all three
operating segments to reduce tree-related outages from storms.

PPL Corporation Climate Assessment 9

 Helping our customers conserve electricity Engaging with policymakers and stakeholders
PPL regularly engages with policymakers on energy policy issues.
PPLs utilities give customers more options to manage their energy
For the last several years, PPL has communicated with regulators
use than ever before. In 2016, more than 1 million participants took
about its position on climate change and regulation that would
advantage of the utilities wide menu of energy-efficiency programs
effectively balance environmental, economic and customer needs.
for residential and commercial customers, receiving
more than $34 million in energy-efficiency rebates. In total, LG&E and KU are members of the Coalition for Innovative Climate
energy-efficiency programs helped customers save more than Solutions, an industry group working constructively at the federal
433 million kilowatt-hours of electricity and reduced peak demand and state levels on the establishment of greenhouse gas regulations
by more than 100 megawatts. Thats equivalent to eliminating more for the electric power sector. LG&E and KU are also members of the
than 322,000 tons of CO2 emissions or taking 69,000 cars off Carbon Utilization Research Council and EPRI both engaged in the
the road. research, development and deployment of carbon control and
utilization technologies for power plants.

Improving power plant efficiency In Pennsylvania, PPL Electric is engaging with policymakers and
other stakeholders to support regulatory policies that foster greater
Over the past three years, PPL has achieved a steady reduction innovation and support a more dynamic network. PPL Electric is
in carbon emissions intensity through technology investments, leading an effort to better align policies to advance energy efficiency
facility upgrades, renovations and new construction projects. and distributed energy resources deployment with utility ratemaking
As a result, our carbon intensity (measured in tonnes per MWh and investments through the use of alternative ratemaking
of generation) has decreased 10 percent from 2012 to 2016 mechanisms. PPL Electric is also supporting efforts to advance
(see Figure 10). electric vehicle deployment and allow limited utility ownership of
We have also reduced our energy consumption by significantly microgrids and energy storage.
increasing the efficiency of our power plant operations in Kentucky. WPD regularly reports to regulators around climate adaptation and
In 2015 our plant energy consumption decreased by about progress towards reducing its business carbon footprint. WPD is
10 percent from the previous year, and in 2016 we reduced plant also engaging with stakeholders on the potential impacts of climate
consumption by nearly 6 percent. change. Through the Resilient Electricity Networks for Great Britain
ON INTENSITY
Carbon Intensity of Kentucky Generation (Figure 10) project, WPD is working with Newcastle University on a project to
1.0 develop predictions for the impact of climate change on PPLs
U.K. assets.
CO2 Emissions (Metric Tonnes)/MWh Generation

0.95 0.95
0.94

0.88

0.84

0.8
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Source: LG&E and KU EPA CAMD emission rates

10 PPL Corporation Climate Assessment

Section 3: Scenario 3 2 Celsius Scenario
SCENARIO ANALYSIS Scenario 3 assess the potential impacts should environmental
policy and regulation seek to reduce CO2 emissions to levels
consistent with limiting the global temperature increase to
As discussed in Section 1, no comprehensive federal framework 2 Celsius from pre-industrial levels by 2100.
exists for limiting carbon dioxide emissions from existing power
It is impossible to predict what legal and policy requirements would
plants. Further, Kentucky, the only state in which any PPL companies
be adopted to achieve the desired limitations. For the purposes of
generate electricity, has not enacted legislation or policies to
this scenario, PPL relied on the International Energy Agencys 450
specifically regulate carbon. Nevertheless, PPL is committed to
ppm scenario. This scenario sets out an energy pathway (see
regularly assessing the potential risks and opportunities associated
Figure 11) consistent with a goal of limiting the global increase in
with climate change and evaluating the resiliency of its long-term
temperature to 2 Celsius by limiting the concentration of
strategy against climate risks.
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to around 450 ppm of CO2.
This report examines PPLs Kentucky segment generation assets
This scenario is based upon the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
under three scenarios.
Changes stated requirement to decarbonize the economy by 2100.
Under this scenario, PPL assumed its Kentucky segment would be
Scenario 1 Current Policies required to achieve a 50 percent reduction in CO2 emissions from
2005 levels by 2050 and that reductions prior to 2050 would be
Scenario 1 reflects the current regulatory regime in which carbon
consistent with current policies.
emissions from existing power plants may need to be addressed
only if the plant undergoes a major modification resulting in a International Energy Agency 2 Celsius Pathway (Figure 11)
significant increase in emissions of certain other air pollutants.
As LG&E and KU have no current plans to make any such major 40
Paris Agreement Pledges To achieve 2 C target,
the energy sector must
modifications, CO2 reductions under Scenario 1 are driven not by 30 be carbon-neutral by 2100
law or environmental regulation, but by economics and technology 20
consistent with existing Kentucky policies and regulation governing
Gigatonnes of CO2

The 2 C Scenario
10
electric utility service. These policies and regulations require
regulated utility generation investments to be prudent and meet the 0
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
KPSCs lowest reasonable cost standard.
Based on International Energy Agencys World Energy Outlook 2016

Scenario 2 Paris Agreement/CPP

Scenario 2 models a CO2 emissions target consistent with the CPP,
which was an important component of meeting U.S. commitments
associated with the Paris Agreement.
This scenario entails modifying the generation mix to meet mass
emissions targets set by the CPP. For the purposes of this analysis,
PPL assumes that its Kentucky segment would be required to
reduce annual CO2 emissions 25 percent from 2005 levels by 2030
to comply with the Commonwealth of Kentuckys mass target under
the CPP. PPLs analysis assumes no further required emissions
targets beyond 2030 as a result of the CPP.

PPL Corporation Climate Assessment 11

Key Assumptions LG&E and KU Energy Requirements (Figure 12)
LG&E-KU Energy Requirements
37

Customer demand 36

Customer demand and energy requirements will significantly 35

impact future CO2 emissions. In this regard, PPLs scenario analysis

considers potential energy requirements under three load forecast 34

TWh
scenarios, referred to as the Base, High and Low demand forecasts. 33

All three forecasts reflect anticipated changes in appliance

efficiencies, LED lighting, customer growth, general economic 32

conditions and other drivers of energy consumption. 31

The Base forecast assumes little to no load growth as energy

30
efficiency improvements largely offset customer growth. Key 2020 2030 2040 2050

variables that contribute to uncertainty in the Base forecast include High Base Low
electric vehicles and private solar generation. Optimism regarding
electric vehicles has existed since the 1970s, and penetration levels
have largely been the result of government subsidies. The Base
LG&E/KU
Electric VehiclesElectric Vehicle
in the LG&E Penetration
and KU
Service Territories,
forecast assumes limited electric vehicle growth in Kentucky. The
High Load Forecast (Figure 13)
2020-2050
growth in private solar nationally has historically been driven by net 3.0

metering tariffs that compensate solar generation based on a high 500,000

energy rate. Given Kentuckys low energy rates, private solar 2.5

penetration has been low. The Base forecast assumes that private

Electricity Use (Terawatt Hours)

Number of Electric Vehicles 400,000
solar will not materially impact future sales. 2.0

The High and Low forecast assumptions vary from the Base 300,000
1.5
assumptions in the adoption of electric vehicles (high penetration of
electric vehicles in the High forecast) and private solar generation 200,000
1.0
(high penetration of private solar generation in the Low forecast)
(see Figure 12). 100,000 0.5

The High forecast assumes high electric vehicle transportation

market penetration due to lower electric vehicle costs and increased 0
2020 2030 2040 2050
0.0

range as battery technology evolves to the point that government

subsidies and mandates are no longer required. In the High forecast,
approximately half of LG&Es and KUs residential customers are
assumed to own an electric vehicle by 2050, significantly increasing LG&E/KU Distributed Solar Penetration
energy consumption (see Figure 13). The Low forecast assumes no LG&E and KULow Load Forecast
Distributed (Figure2020
Solar Generation, 14) -2050
change to Kentuckys net metering laws, so that net metering
customers receive the same energy rate as non-net metering 1,500 1.8

customers. In the Low forecast, 1,500 megawatts of private solar 1.6

generation exist in LG&Es and KUs service territories by 2050

1,250

Distributed Solar Generation (Terawatt Hours)

1.4
(see Figure 14).
Distributed Solar Capacity (Megawatts)

1,000 1.2

1
Carbon pricing 750
0.8

This analysis does not explicitly use carbon price as an input to the 500 0.6
modeling, but rather assesses impacts to the Current Policies
0.4
scenario of achieving the CPP target and a 2 Celsius goal. 250

Depending on the cost of renewable generation and other factors, 0.2

the implied cost of CO2 emissions may be greater than zero in the 0 0
2020 2030 2040 2050
CPP scenario.

12 PPL Corporation Climate Assessment

Power plant operating life The share of renewables versus natural gas will depend on future
On average between 2005 and 2017, coal-fired power plants natural gas prices and any potential CO2 prices, as well as the cost
in the U.S. were retired after 52 years of operation. PPLs of battery storage and renewable generation. All other things equal,
experience with the recent retirement of some of its own coal units the share of renewables in the replacement generation portfolio will
is consistent with the national experience.(1) To reflect uncertainty increase as natural gas and CO2 prices increase and as the costs of
regarding the operating life of coal units, each of the three climate battery storage and renewable generation decrease.
scenarios discussed above was modeled assuming a 55-year Coal Capacity Retirements Based on
operating life and a 65-year operating life for PPLs Kentucky coal Operating Life Assumptions (Figure 15)
units. Figure 15 illustrates the amount of coal capacity that would
need to be replaced by a given date based on the operating life
assumptions.
For reasons mentioned in Section 1 of this report, this analysis
assumes PPLs portfolio of replacement generation will be a
combination of gas-fired and renewable generation.
1
Since 2010, LG&E and KU have retired 909 MW of coal-fired generation. This includes Tyrone Unit 3, which was 60 years old, Green River units 3 and 4, which were 62 and 56 years old, respectively, and Cane Run
units 4, 5 and 6, which were 53, 49, and 46 years old, respectively. Furthermore, to comply with environmental regulations, the utilities will be retiring E.W. Brown Units 1 and 2, in the first quarter of 2019 when they
will be 62 and 56 years old, respectively.

Section 4: Figure 16 shows only a 5 to 15 percent reduction by 2030. This

contrasts with reductions of 20 to 40 percent that occurred in the
RESULTS 55-year operating life cases. In general, a 55-year operating life
accelerates CO2 emission reductions that would otherwise occur in
Figure 16 summarizes expected Kentucky segment CO2 reductions the 2030s and 2040s with a 65-year operating life. By 2050, however,
by decade under the three scenarios analyzed in this report. overall reductions are similar to reductions observed in the 65-year
The economic operating life of existing coal units is the key driver operating life cases.
for the timing and magnitude of reductions, which result either from Figure 17 summarizes the range of CO2 emission reductions for the
economics and technology, or by regulations, depending on the Current Policies scenario. This range is driven by factors such as
policy scenario. future gas prices, customers demand for electricity, the timing of
CO2 Reductions from 2005 Levels coal generation retirements and the pace of improvement in the
relative economics of renewable generation. The low end of the
(65-Year Operating Life) (Figure 16)
range corresponds to an environment where retired coal generation
Climate Policy 2020 2030 2040 2050 is replaced by natural gas generation due to the higher cost of
Current Policies 10-15% 5-15% 15-45% 45-85% renewables. Also at the lower end of the range, customer load is
CPP 10-15% 25% 25-45% 45-85% high and remaining coal generation is utilized more than natural gas
2C 10-15% 5-15% 15-45% 50-85% generation due to the relative fuel cost of coal versus natural gas.
The high end of the range corresponds to an environment where
CO2 Reductions from 2005 Levels retired coal generation is replaced by renewable generation and
(55-Year Operating Life) battery technology, customer load is low and the utilization of the
remaining coal generation is minimized.
Climate Policy 2020 2030 2040 2050
Current Policies 10-15% 20-40% 50-85% 50-90% Estimated Range of Reductions Under
CPP 10-15% 25-40% 50-85% 50-90% Current Policies Scenario (Figure 17)
2C 10-15% 20-40% 50-85% 50-90%

In the Current Policies scenario, the replacement of generation is

driven solely by economics and technology development.
As shown in Figure 9 (page 7), with no change in policies, the
economics of new renewables are not competitive with the marginal
cost of generation from the existing coal fleet. Therefore, CO2
reduction opportunities are limited absent the economic retirement
of coal units, and one would not expect material changes in CO2
emissions through 2030 with a 65-year operating life. Indeed,

PPL Corporation Climate Assessment

1
13
 Potential LG&E and KU Generation Mix (Figure 18)

By 2040, emissions are reduced by 15 to 85 percent in the Current for coal units. However, should coal units operate longer than
Policies scenario, depending on operating life assumptions. By 2050, 55-years and a regulation like the CPP is enacted with compliance
this range increases to 45 to 90 percent as virtually all existing coal by 2030, then some coal units that would naturally have retired after
units will have been retired per the operating life assumptions. 2030 would likely need to be retired in the 2020s. While the genera-
Prior to 2040, the CO2 reductions under the Current Policies scenario tion mix by 2050 is largely the same regardless of assumed
may not be in compliance with the CPP target. To comply with CO2 operating life, a 65-year operating life assumption does lead to more
targets in the CPP scenario, some portion of coal retirements coal generation in the 2040s as compared to the 55-year operating
otherwise expected in the 2030s would have to be accelerated to the life assumption, regardless of the climate scenario.
late 2020s. For the 2 Celsius scenario, absent regulations like the The Current Policies scenario shows that CO2 emissions would
CPP, the same level of reductions would occur as under the Current decline dramatically by 2050 as aging coal units are retired.
Policies scenario, but with an assumed goal to achieve a 50 percent It is not a matter of if emissions will decline, but when the
reduction by 2050. Achieving this goal is slightly more challenging reductions will occur and by how much. Only minor changes to PPLs
with a 65-year operating life for the existing coal units, absent a Current Policies generation portfolio are required to meet the CPP
greater share of renewables (private or universal) relative to gas and emission reductions by 2030 with further reductions occurring
lower electric vehicle penetration. consistent with the Current Policies scenario. The assumed goal
Figure 18 summarizes PPLs potential Kentucky segment generation contemplated in the 2 Celsius scenario of a 50 percent reduction in
mix by decade under the three climate scenarios analyzed. It shows CO2 emissions from 2005 levels by 2050 would not cause a material
that there will be little difference in the future energy generation mix change in PPLs future generation investments.
among the three climate scenarios assuming a 55-year operating life

14 PPL Corporation Climate Assessment

Section 5:
CONCLUSION

As demonstrated by PPLs scenario analysis, meeting a 2 Celsius Further, under current conditions and without a regulatory
reduction scenario by 2050 would not cause a material change in requirement to reduce CO2 emissions, PPL believes adding
PPLs Kentucky generation capital plans. Public policy engagement renewable energy simply to replace existing coal would not
and continued long-range planning will enable us to respond meet the KPSCs lowest reasonable cost standard and could risk
effectively to changes in policy, regulation and technology adoption. disallowance of cost recovery and returns, because the marginal
cost of LG&Es and KUs existing generation portfolio is much lower
We expect that PPL will have minimal financial risk associated than the current levelized cost of building new wind or solar
with continuing to operate its existing coal units so long as those generation (see Figure 9 on page 7). This limits the potential
operations are consistent with approved regulatory frameworks near-term reduction of CO2 emissions.
and are economically justifiable to Kentucky regulators.
PPL regularly assesses risks and opportunities associated with
The scenario analysis shows that CO2 emissions in Kentucky are climate change through enterprise risk management and long-range
expected to decline dramatically by 2050 as aging coal units are planning activities. The company is effectively managing the risks of
retired due to economics or government policies and replaced with a climate change across its operations and will remain proactive in
mix of renewable and natural gas generation. This is true even identifying and seizing prudent opportunities.
without new climate policies. Ultimately, the future generation mix
will depend upon customers energy needs while at the same time Finally, PPL will continue to take steps to advance a cleaner energy
meeting regulatory requirements. future and build tomorrows energy infrastructure. This includes
using innovative ways to connect more private solar or other
CO2 reductions by 2030, meanwhile, are expected to be limited renewable generation to delivery networks; exploring emerging
absent new carbon regulations, coal economics or other regulations technologies; building a stronger, smarter, more resilient grid;
impacting the cost of existing coal-fired generation. Under the Base improving power plant efficiency; and helping customers save
and Low forecasts, absent coal unit retirements, PPLs Kentucky energy. Details are included in PPLs Sustainability Report at
segment does not envision a need to add new generating capacity www.pplsustainability.com.
for the foreseeable future. Additional climate policies may
accelerate reductions.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS IN THIS ASSESSMENT

This assessment contains forward-looking statements regarding, among other things, future energy demand, the availability and cost of natural gas, the market for
electric vehicles, the growth of solar and other renewable forms of electricity generation and storage, potential rates of reduction in coal-fired electricity generation in
Kentucky, the expected operating life of existing coal-fired electricity generation plants and PPL Corporations corporate strategy. These statements, and all others
that reflect beliefs, plans, estimates or any other forward-looking information, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws.

PPL Corporation believes that the forward-looking statements in this assessment reflect reasonable expectations and assumptions. However, it is important to
understand that forward-looking statements, and their underlying assumptions, are subject to a wide range of risks and uncertainties, both known and unknown. Any
number of factors could cause actual results to be materially different from those discussed in the statements, including: market demand for energy in our service
territories; weather or other conditions affecting customer energy usage and operating costs; the effect of any business or industry restructuring; the profitability and
liquidity of PPL Corporation and its subsidiaries; operating performance of its facilities; environmental, legal and regulatory requirements and the related costs of
compliance; development of new projects, markets and technologies for the generation and delivery of electricity; performance of new ventures; asset or business
acquisitions and dispositions; receipt of necessary government permits, approvals, rate relief and regulatory cost recovery; capital market conditions and decisions
regarding capital structure; the outcome of litigation against PPL Corporation and its subsidiaries; the securities and credit ratings of PPL Corporation and its
subsidiaries; political, regulatory or economic conditions in states, regions or countries where PPL Corporation or its subsidiaries conduct business; new state, federal
or foreign legislation; commitments and liabilities of PPL Corporation and its subsidiaries; and catastrophic events such as fires, earthquakes, explosions, floods,
hurricanes and other storms, droughts or other similar occurrences as well as cyber intrusion or other terrorist incidents and their direct or indirect effect on PPL
Corporations businesses and the U.S. or U.K. electricity grids. All forward-looking statements in this assessment should be considered in light of these important
factors. Further information on these and other risks and uncertainties is available in PPL Corporations Form 10-K and other reports on file with the Securities and
Exchange Commission.

PPL Corporation Climate Assessment 15