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    MAE4242 - Ch07 - Lateral Static Stability PDF

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    Matthew Austin
    This document discusses lateral static stability in aircraft. It defines lateral static stability as the ability of an aircraft to generate a restoring rolling moment when disturbed from wings-level flight. The key criterion for lateral static stability is that the rolling moment coefficient (Clβ) must be negative. Important contributors to lateral static stability include wing dihedral, wing sweep, vertical tail design, and the relative placement of the wing and fuselage. However, the total static stability of an aircraft is difficult to determine analytically and often requires empirical data.

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    MAE4242 - Ch07 - Lateral Static Stability PDF

    Uploaded by

    Matthew Austin
    135 views16 pages
    This document discusses lateral static stability in aircraft. It defines lateral static stability as the ability of an aircraft to generate a restoring rolling moment when disturbed from wings-level flight. The key criterion for lateral static stability is that the rolling moment coefficient (Clβ) must be negative. Important contributors to lateral static stability include wing dihedral, wing sweep, vertical tail design, and the relative placement of the wing and fuselage. However, the total static stability of an aircraft is difficult to determine analytically and often requires empirical data.

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    This document discusses lateral static stability in aircraft. It defines lateral static stability as the ability of an aircraft to generate a restoring rolling moment when disturbed from wings-level flight. The key criterion for lateral static stability is that the rolling moment coefficient (Clβ) must be negative. Important contributors to lateral static stability include wing dihedral, wing sweep, vertical tail design, and the relative placement of the wing and fuselage. However, the total static stability of an aircraft is difficult to determine analytically and often requires empirical data.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    135 views16 pages

    MAE4242 - Ch07 - Lateral Static Stability PDF

    Uploaded by

    Matthew Austin
    This document discusses lateral static stability in aircraft. It defines lateral static stability as the ability of an aircraft to generate a restoring rolling moment when disturbed from wings-level flight. The key criterion for lateral static stability is that the rolling moment coefficient (Clβ) must be negative. Important contributors to lateral static stability include wing dihedral, wing sweep, vertical tail design, and the relative placement of the wing and fuselage. However, the total static stability of an aircraft is difficult to determine analytically and often requires empirical data.

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    MAE 4242 AIRCRAFT STABILITY & CONTROL

    Lateral Static Stability


    (Nelson: 2.8)
    Yongki Go

    Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering


    Lateral Static Stability Criterion
    Aircraft Rolling Moment
    Steady rolling moment of aircraft (L) about its CG is affected
    by angle of sideslip (), aileron deflection (a), and to some
    degree rudder deflection (r)
    L( , a , r ) or Cl ( , a , r )
    Typically expressed using first-order Taylor series (linear):
    Cl ( , a , r ) Cl0 Cl Cl a Cl r
    a r

    Cl Cl Cl
    Cl Cl Cl
    a
    a r
    r
    When aircraft is in lateral flight equilibrium:
    L( e , a , r ) 0 or Cl ( e , a , r ) 0
    0 0 0 0

    Usually achieved together with directional flight equilibrium


    The change in rolling moment due to changes in , a and r:
    Cl ( , a , r ) Cl Cl a Cl r
    a r
    Stick-Fixed Rolling Moment
    For stability analysis, aircraft is assumed in equilibrium
    symmetric flight with stick-fixed condition r = a = 0
    Equilibrium symmetric flight: = 0
    dCl
    Cl ( ) Cl Cl
    d

    Cl
    right-wing
    down

    0
    left-wing Cl
    down
    Lateral Static Stability Definition
    Lateral static stability concerns with the ability of the aircraft
    to maintain wings level attitude after disturbance
    Lateral statically stable aircraft generates restoring rolling
    moment (in the opposite direction) when disturbed from wings
    level attitude (bank angle disturbance)
    Force imbalance at nonzero bank angle
    rolling moment
    Bank angle disturbance ~ sideslip disturbance
    L L2
    L1

    W
    Lateral Static Stability Illustration
    Rear view

    Restoring
    rolling
    moment ()
    generated

    (+) Amplifying
    rolling
    moment (+)
    generated
    Lateral Static Stability Criterion (1)
    Rolling-moment response to angle-of-sideslip disturbance:
    Cl ( ) Cl
    For lateral stability: Cl must have opposite sign to
    dCl
    Criterion for lateral static stability: Cl 0
    d
    Lateral Static Stability Criterion (2)
    More negative Cl indicates more statically stable aircraft in
    the lateral sense
    Aircraft components that are the main contributors to lateral
    static stability:
    Wing dihedral
    Wing sweep
    Fuselage-wing relative position/placement
    Vertical tail
    Contribution of Aircraft Components to
    Lateral Static Stability
    Dihedral Effect (1)
    Dihedral angle (): spanwise inclination of the wing with
    respect to horizontal

    Positive dihedral (dihedral) Negative dihedral (anhedral)

    Aerodynamic moment effect of dihedral angle: dihedral


    effect
    Dihedral effect is major contributor to lateral static stability
    In the presence of sideslip, dihedral angle leads to different
    lifts between left and right wings
    Dihedral Effect (2)
    Aerodynamic mechanism:
    Rear view:
    Induced
    rolling
    moment

    Assume small angles:


    v V sin V : velocity due to sideslip
    Component of v normal to the wing: vn v sin v V
    v V
    Local change in angle of attack:
    u V
    For positive dihedral: > 0 for downward-moving wing
    < 0 for upward-moving wing
    Rolling moment opposing the rolling disturbance
    Wing Sweep Effect
    In sideslip motion, wing sweep angle causes lift imbalance
    between left and right wings, which induces rolling moment

    Top view: Only Vn determines the lift

    For swept-back wing in positive


    sideslip :
    Vn(right wing) > Vn(left wing)

    Lift (right wing) > Lift (left wing)

    Negative rolling moment

    Swept-back lateral static stability


    Swept-forward lateral static stability
    Fuselage-Wing Relative Placement Effect
    Effect of fuselage alone on lateral static stability is negligible
    However, wing relative position on the fuselage has
    significant contribution to lateral static stability
    Contribution is hard to estimate analytically

    High wing:
    Stabilizing rolling moment is
    Front view:
    generated in sideslip

    Low wing:
    rolling moment
    is generated in sideslip
    Vertical Tail Contribution (1)
    In sideslip motion, vertical tail generates side force
    This side force generally acts above or below the aircraft
    longitudinal axis rolling moment generated

    Rolling moment arm of


    side force,

    zvt zvt
    Lvt zvtYvt lvtYvt N vt
    lvt lvt
    zvt Since Cn 0 :
    Cl Cn vt

    vt
    lvt vt - top-side fin: laterally
    - bottom-side fin: laterally
    Lateral-directional coupling
    Vertical Tail Contribution (2)
    Note: rolling moment arm of the side force from vertical tail
    is affected by angle of attack
    Usually smaller at higher angle of attack
    Vertical tail contribution to static lateral stability is less
    effective at high angles of attack

    Low angle of attack

    High angle of attack


    Total Static Lateral Stability
    Total aircraft static lateral stability can be expressed as :
    Cl Cl Cl Cl
    w wf vt

    No accurate analytical
    prediction available

    Use empirical data or

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