Basic Arithmetic Operations: 1. (A) The Position of Each Digit Has A Place Value. For Example

1 Basic Arithmetic Operations
1 Basic

Arithmetic Operations
Place value Decimal point

Addition Product
Subtraction Quotient
Multiplication Remainder
Division Divisible
Brackets Times
Sum Digit
Difference Round off
1. (a) The position of each digit has a place value. For example:

Decimal point
Thousand 1234.567 One-thousandth
Hundred One-hundredth
Ten One-tenth
(b) We can rewrite 65 432 as follows:

65 432
6 10 000 5 1000 4 100 3 10 2
2. The order of arithmetic operations is given as follows:

(a) Multiplication and Division
(b) Addition and Subtraction
If the expressions involve brackets, we should perform the operations in the brackets first.

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New Progress in Junior Mathematics (Second Edition)
3. To round off a number to a particular place value, we should first

consider the digit on the right of that place value.

(a) If that digit is greater than or equal to 5, add 1 to the digit of
that particular place value and replace all digits after it with 0.
For example: 589 600 (cor. to the nearest hundred)
5 1
0
589 600
(b) If that digit is less than 5, replace all digits after the digit of
that particular place value with 0.
For example: 538 500 (cor. to the nearest hundred)
5 0

538 500
1. Calculate (32 18) 4. (32 18) 4
Solution:
Perform the operation in the brackets first.

(32 18)
4 14 4
56
110 (22 28) 110 50

1 2.2
Calculate 110 (22 28). 110 (22 28)
2. The sum of 52 and 38 is divided by 7, find the quotient and the remainder.
52 38 7
Solution:
Use the brackets to indicate the higher priority of finding the sum.

(52
38) 7 90 7

12 6
The quotient is 12 and the remainder is 6.
12 6

Tips for Students

The place values of a 4-
digit number from right to
left are 1, 10, 100 and 1000
respectively.

110100 1000
2
3 times of 8 is added to 18 and the result is divided by 6, find the quotient.
8 3 18 6 [(3 8) 18] 6 (24 18) 6
42 6
7
3. Consider a 4-digit number 4582.
4582
(a) What are the values of the digits 4 and 8?
48
(b) Round off the number to the nearest hundred.

Solution:
(a) Value of the digit 4 4 1000 4000
4 4 1000 4000
Value of the digit 8 8 10 80
8 8 10 80
(b) 4582 4600 (cor. to the nearest hundred)

4582 4600
3
(a) Value of the digit 1 1 10 000
Consider a 5-digit number 13 978. 10 000
13 978 Value of the digit 9 9 100

900
(a) What are the values of the digits 1 and 9?
19 (b) 13 978 13 980 (cor. to the nearest ten)
(b) Round off the number to the nearest ten.


In each of the following (1 5), put a for the correct answer.

1 5
1. Which of the following numbers is divisible by 11?

11
A. 167 B. 321 C. 496 D. 528

2. Consider a 4-digit number 2587. What is the place value of 5?

2587 5

A. 100 B. 500 C. 1000 D. 5000
3. Find the value of 20 (12 8).

20 (12 8)
B. 5
A. 1 C. 24 D. 80
4. Round off 36 745 to the nearest hundred.

36 745
A. 36 700 B. 36 750 C. 36 800 D. 37 000
5. What is the product of 15 and half of 12?

15 12
A. 9 B. 21 C. 90 D. 180
State whether each of the following statements (6 9) is true or false.

6 9
True False

6. When 200 is divided by 11, the quotient is 18.
200 11 18
7. The place value of the digit 1 in 1024 is 100 times

to the place value of the digit 1 in 2015.
1 1024 2015

100
8. We have to perform multiplication before division in

an operation.

9. Add 5 to the product of 9 and 2. The result is 20.

9 2 5 20

Write down the results of each of the following expressions (10 13).
10 13
10. Add 14 to 16. 11. Subtract 19 from 42.
14 16 42 19
14 16 30 42 19 23
12. Multiply 15 by 9. 13. Divide 80 by 4.

15 9 80 4
15 9 135 80 4 20
Round off the following numbers (14 15) to the nearest ten.
14 15
14. 5461 15. 115.4
5461 5460 (cor. to the nearest ten) 115.4 120 (cor. to the nearest ten)
Round off the following numbers (16 17) to the nearest thousand.
16 17
16. 2800 17. 13 965.45
2800 3000 (cor. to the nearest thousand) 13 965.45 14 000 (cor. to the nearest thousand)
Calculate each of the following expressions (18 25).

18 25
18. 138 34 4 19. 200 12 14
138 34 4 138 136 200 12 14 200 168
274 32
20. 17 9 13 (21 16) 21. 21 18 12 3 (11 3)

17 9 13 (21 6) 17 9 13 5 21 18 12 3 (11 3) 21 18 12 3 8
153 65 378 288
218 90

22. 78 168 14 23. 200 (42 17)

78 168 14 78 12 200 (42 17) 200 25
90 8
24. 24 18 15 25. 96 (24 3 6)

24 18 15 24 15 18 96 (24 3 6) 96 (24 18)
360 18 96 6
20 16
26. Consider a 4-digit number 3245.

3245
(a) Find the difference between the values of the digits 3 and 4.
34
(b) By how many times, is the value of the digit 2 to that of the digit 5?
25
(a) Value of the digit 3 3000 (b) Value of the digit 2 200
Value of the digit 4 40 Value of the digit 5 5
3000 40 2960 200 5 40
The difference between the values of the The value of the digit 2 is 40 times to
digits 3 and 4 is 2960. that of the digit 5.
27. When 320 is divided by 15, find the quotient and the remainder.
320 15
320 15 21 5
The quotient is 21 and the remainder is 5.
28. Find the product of the greatest 2-digit number and 6.

6
The greatest 2-digit number 99
99 6 594

29. The sum of 18 and 27 is multiplied by 9, what is the result?

18 27 9
(18 27) 9 45 9
405
30. Subtract 16 from the product of 3 and 12, what is the result?
3 12 16
(3 12) 16 36 16
20
31. Half of 54 is added to 29, then the sum is divided by 4, what is the result?
54 29 4
[(54 2) 29] 4 (27 29) 4
56 4
14
32. Consider two numbers 2113 and 1659.

2113 1659
(a) Round off the numbers to the nearest hundred.

(b) Find the product of the numbers found in (a).
(a)
(a) 2113 2100 (cor. to the nearest hundred)
1659 1700 (cor. to the nearest hundred)
(b) 2100 1700 3 570 000
33. Annie had half of a packet of 152 peanuts. She gave 28 peanuts to Emily. How many
peanuts did Annie remain?
152 28

Number of peanuts that Annie had
152 2 28
76 28
48

34. Kitty has 148 stickers and Fanny has 273 stickers.
148 273
(a) Round off the numbers of stickers to the nearest ten.

(b) Find the difference between the numbers of stickers found in (a).
(a)
(a) 148 150 (cor. to the nearest ten)
273 270 (cor. to the nearest ten)
(b) Difference of the numbers

270 150
120
35. The cost of a box of biscuits is $40. During the sale, each box is sold at $12 less. Mrs. Wong
pays $200 to buy 4 boxes of biscuits. Find the change.
$40 $12 $200 4

Change
$[200 (40 12) 4]
$(200 28 4)
$(200 112)
$88
36. The volume of a carton of milk is 450 mL. Mother bought 3 cartons of milk. After using
280 mL to make dessert, she divided the remaining milk into 5 cups equally. How much
milk does each cup have?
450 mL 3 280 mL
5
Volume of milk that each cup has
[(450 3 280) 5] mL
[(1350 280) 5] mL
(1070 5) mL
214 mL

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1 Basic Arithmetic Operations

Place value Decimal point

Thousand 1234.567 One-thousandth

(b) We can rewrite 65 432 as follows:

2. The order of arithmetic operations is given as follows:

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3. To round off a number to a particular place value, we should first

1. Calculate (32 18) 4. (32 18) 4

110 (22 28) 110 50

Calculate 110 (22 28). 110 (22 28)

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Tips for Students

(b) 4582 4600 (cor. to the nearest hundred)

13 978 Value of the digit 9 9 100

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In each of the following (1 5), put a for the correct answer.

A. 167 B. 321 C. 496 D. 528

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2. Consider a 4-digit number 2587. What is the place value of 5?

3. Find the value of 20 (12 8).

4. Round off 36 745 to the nearest hundred.

5. What is the product of 15 and half of 12?

State whether each of the following statements (6 9) is true or false.

7. The place value of the digit 1 in 1024 is 100 times

8. We have to perform multiplication before division in

9. Add 5 to the product of 9 and 2. The result is 20.

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12. Multiply 15 by 9. 13. Divide 80 by 4.

Calculate each of the following expressions (18 25).

20. 17 9 13 (21 16) 21. 21 18 12 3 (11 3)

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22. 78 168 14 23. 200 (42 17)

24. 24 18 15 25. 96 (24 3 6)

26. Consider a 4-digit number 3245.

28. Find the product of the greatest 2-digit number and 6.

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29. The sum of 18 and 27 is multiplied by 9, what is the result?

32. Consider two numbers 2113 and 1659.

(b) 2100 1700 3 570 000

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(b) Difference of the numbers

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