MARKSCHEME S3 BIOLOGY TRIAL STPM 2017

SMK ST JOSEPH, KUCHING

Section A: Objective (15m)

1 C 4 B 7 D 10 D 13 A
2 A 5 D 8 A 11 C 14 C
3 B 6 A 9 B 12 A 15 B

Section B: Structured (15m)

16 Explanation Marks
a) -Lac Operon 1
-Strictural genes 1
1m
b) P - Regulator gene - produce repressor molecule 1
Q - Promoter binding site - attachment of RNA polymerase 1
R - Operator - attachment of repressor molecule 1
3m
c) - inducer molecule (allolactose) binds to allosteric site of repressor molecule causing a 1
change in the conformation of the repressor molecule
- repressor-inducer complex will be unable to attach onto operator, swtiching on the lac 1
operon by enabling RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter
- transcription of structural genes S, T and U into a long polycistronic mRNA which will 1
be translated into enzyme β galactosidase, protein permease and transacetylase to digest
lactose
3m
Total 7m

17 Response Marks
a) - Parent Genotype AABB X aabb 1m
- Gametes AB ab
- All plants triangle capsule AaBb

b)
Gametes AB Ab aB ab
AB AABB AABb AaBB AaBb
Triangle Triangle Triangle Triangle
1
Ab AABb AAbb AaBb Aabb
Triangle Triangle Triangle Triangle 1
Triangle

aB AaBB AaBb aaBB aaBb

Triangle Triangle Triangle Triangle Triangle

ab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb 1

Triangle Triangle Triangle Oval 3m

F2 Phenotype ratio- 15 plant with triangle capsule: 1 plant with oval capsule
c)
PR Pr pR pr
Gametes

PR PPRR PPRr PpRR PpRr

Purple Purple Purple Purple

Pr PpRr Pprr PpRr Pprr

Purple White Purple White
pR 1
PpRR PpRr ppRR ppRr
Purple Purple Red Red 1
pr
PpRr Pprr ppRr pprr
Purple White Red White

F2 Phyenotypic ratio- 9 Purple: 3 Red : 4 White 1

3m
Total 7m

Section C: Essay (30m)

18 Response Marks
a) a) Compare between the founder effect and the bottleneck effect.
[4]
1
-reduction of genetic variation/loss of some alleles 1
-both affect small population 1
-new population have changed frequencies of alleles 1m
Any 1 @ 1m

Founder effect Bottleneck effect 1

Cause of population Random causes Natural disaster or
separation human activities 1
Original/Main population The main population A large number of the
remains. original population is 2m
killed

b) i) Besides the factors in a) above, discuss other factors that promote speciation. [8]

-allopatirc speciation 1+1

-sympatric speciation 1+1
-hybridisation 1+1
-adaptive radiation 1+1
-mutation 1+1
Any 4 @ 2m 8m

ii) Discuss factors that prevent speciation. [4]

-Gene flow 1+1

-Hybrid sterility/inviability/breakdown 1+1
Any 2 @ 2m 4m
Total 15m
19 Response Marks
A pregnant women has the karyotype analysis of her foetus done to detect
possible genetic disorders.
a) Describe how the karyotype was obtained. [5]

-CVS chorionic villus sampling 1

-cells from chorion are removed 1
-using catheter and syringe 1
-procedure is guided by ultrasound 1
-actively dividing cells are sent to a lab to construct a karyotype 1

5m
b) With relevant examples, discuss the possible types of mutation that could be
diagnosed. [7]

-chromosome mutation/ 1
-aneuploidy/euploidy/non disjuction 1
2 @ 1m 2m

-Cri-du-chat syndrome/ deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 1

-Klinefelter Syndrome/XXY 1
-Down Syndrome?Trisomy 21 1
-Turner Syndrome/XO 1
-Patau Syndrome/Trisomy 13 1
-Edward Syndrome/Trisomy 18 1

5m
Any 5 @ 1m
c) With specific examples, discuss types of mutation that could not be detected.
[3]
-gene mutation 1
1m
- Deletion/Thalassaemia caused by deletion of a base in the β-globin allele 1
- Substitution/sickle-cell anaemia (substitution of Thymine with Adenine~ 1
glutamic acid to become Valine)
2m

2 @ 1m
Total 15m
20 Response Marks
Explain how the following procedures use DNA technology to improve human
lives.
a) Insulin production. [5]

- Isolation of target DNA eg human insulin gene and vector DNA eg plasmid 1
- Insertion of target DNA into vector DNA using restriction enzymes, anneal 1
with DNA ligase
- Transformation of host cells eg E coli ie uptake of recombinant vector DNA 1
by the host cells
- Cloning of host cells carrying foreign genes, amplification 1
- Screening of cell clones carrying the gene of interest. 1
5m

b) Gene therapy [5]

-inserting a functional gene into eg bone marrow cells somatic gene therapy to 1
treat eg SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency disease) caused by mutant
gene coding for production of adenosine deaminase (ADA)
-cloned gene for functional ADA 1
-functional gene inserted into genome of retrovirus using restriction 1
endonuclease--> recombinant retrovirus
-bone marrow cells extracted from patient infected by recombinant retrovirus 1
-viral DNA carrying functional ADA gene inserted into human chromosome 1
-genetically engineered bone marrow cells are injected into bone marrow of 1
patient to continue producing ADA
any 5 @ 1m 5m

c) DNA fingerprinting [5]

-RFLP Analysis (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) 1

- DNA sample is treated with restriction enzyme to produce DNA fragments 1
- gel electrophoresis is performed to separate the DNA fragments 1
- Southen blotting procedure carried out to transfer fragments onto 1
nitrocellulose filter
- Radioactive probe with base sequence complementary to minisatellite repeat 1
sequence is used to hibridise with the fragments
- Autoradiography to determine the position of the DNA fragments in the 1
gel electrophoresis separation
any 5 @ 1m 5m

Total 15m
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