A National Conference on Recent Advances in Microwave Antennas for Cognitive

Radios and Wireless Communications (RAMCWC-2013), OCTOBER, 2013

Miniaturization of Triangular Patch Antenna

Design Using Gap Coupling
Avinash Kr. Dubey1, Sandeep Kumar Singh1, Sachin Sharma1, M. V. Kartikeyan2
1
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Sharda University,
Greater Noida 201 306, Uttar Pradesh, India
2
Department of Electronics & Computer Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee 247
667, Uttarakhand, India
dubeyavi.ec@gmail.com, kartkfec@iitr.ernet.in

Abstract— A Gap coupled triangular patch antenna design is Gap coupling is an important feeding technique for
presented at 3.5 GHz. Miniaturization of Patch antenna and designing broadband antennas [9]. Here via is used to attach
Broadside radiation pattern is achieved in this work using Gap ground and patch while through gap between Microstrip line
coupling. The proposed antenna provides higher gain than inset feed and patch capacitive matching has been achieved.
tive m
triangular patch, while capacitive matching has been achieved by
gap coupling. Proposed antenna is simulated using CST V.12 In this ppaper, simulations
aper, simu m are carried out using CST
simulator. Microwave vee Stu
St udio 2012
Studio 2012.2. DDesign of antenna at 3.67 GHz and

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anotherr an aantenna
nte
tenn
nnaa at 3.5 .5 GGHz with the same dimensional
Keywords- Microstrip Patch Antenna,Triangular patch, specifications
cifficatioons res
ci resulting
ltinng in miniaturization has been presented in
esuulti
Miniaturization, Gap coupling. ectiion III.
section I. R esuults ar
es
Results aaree discussed in section III and finally brief
20 W conclusion
conclususiion is ggiven
iven in section IV.
I. INTRODUCTION
In wireless Communications, different application works ks II.. ANTENNA DESIGN
over different frequency bands like GSM, UMTS, WLAN, LAN,
LA N, A.. IInset fed triangular
angullar ppatch antenna
riiangu
Bluetooth, WiMAX etc. Gain enhancement & size reduction edductiion
C
are the major considerations for practical applications cat
atiions of of
rade of
microstrip antennas, considering the fact that a trade offff eexist
xist (a)
In Fig. 1(a) a) ggeometry
eometryy of pproposed
rop triangular patch antenna
between the two i.e. enhancement of one result lt in ddegradation
egraddationn has side of lelength
leng
ngth
th „„a‟
a‟ eequal
qual to 48mm. Antenna is printed on
AM

of other. At lower frequency of operations thehe sizee of

of antennas
antenn nnas substrate whose
ate w relative
hose rel tive ppermittivity is 3.2 with loss tangent
elaati
ctuures. Miniat
ct
poses a problem to achieve compact structures. iatu
urizatatiio
Miniaturization 0..002
00244 aand
of 0.0024 nd heigh ghtt is 3.064 mm. Width of feeding line is
height
emaand ooff ssmaller
of antennas to meet this increasing demand mall
alleer hhand decid
ded such
decided ch that characteristic impedance of 50Ω is
fferent te
held devices is required therefore different echn
hniiques to design
techniques obtained.
obtai Here
taineed. H width
eree w id of feeding line is 3.64 mm.
duced ssize
Microstrip patch antenna with reduced ize hhave
ave been used for B..
B Gap C
Coupled triangular patch antenna
antenna design [1-3].
To oobtain
btain the miniaturization, triangular patch is fed with
R

onsiists of a m
ons
A Microstrip patch antenna consists tch and
metallic patch via ooff radius 0.3mm at centroid of the triangle. Thickness of
ground plane; both are separated by a sh sheet kn su stra
sub t te.
known as substrate. patch and ground conductor is 0.07 mm. Gap between
The Patch may be of different shapee such as U shaped, ped, L microstrip
m line of width 6mm and patch is 0.25 mm. The
shaped, triangular shaped, etc. Triangular shaped patch antennaenn
n a miniaturized antenna is shown in Fig. 1(b).
is used for multiband operations, size reduction and fractal tal
designs for wide band applications [4-5]. Patch is designed in Antenna Designs
such a way that power is maximum to its normal and radiation
pattern so exhibited is known as broadside pattern, the patch
can be of broadside pattern by selection of proper mode. Here
patch have TM10 as dominant mode provided feed is in y
direction, length and width of patch are in y and x axis
respectively. Microstrip patch antennas can act as a good
radiator if thicker substrate of low permittivity material is used.
Moreover it does not bound field. Conversely thin substrate of
high permittivity confines field within substrate.
Some important methods of antenna miniaturization are Figure. 1(a): Inset Feed Antenna Figure. 1(b): Gap Coupled Antenna
given in [6]. Combination of these methods is also applied to
achieve size reduction [8].

Electronics & Comm. Engg, Deppt. of Galgotias College of Engg & Technology, (U.P.)
154
 A National Conference on Recent Advances in Microwave Antennas for Cognitive
Radios and Wireless Communications (RAMCWC-2013), OCTOBER, 2013
III. RESULTS AND D ISCUSSION

Simulated result of reflection co-efficient of gap coupled

antenna is shown in Fig. 2(a). To provide more than 90% of
microwave power S11 is less than -10 db centered at frequency
3.5 GHz which is considerable improvement over inset fed
antenna centered around 3.66 GHz shown in Fig. 2(b). These
two frequencies are allocated for WLAN application by IEEE
802.11 standard. Also there is an improvement in antenna gain
from 6.128 dB to 6.761 dB. Patch and microstrip line gap is
also important parameter for frequency selection.

Figure 3(a): H plane radiation pattern of inset fed antenna

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Figure 2(a): Reflection Co-efficient of inset fed antenna
C
gure 3(b)
Figure (b): H pplane
3(b): lan
a e ra
adi
diaation pattern of Gap Coupled antenna
radiation
AM
R

Figure 2(b): Reflection Co-efficient of gap coupled antenna

To achieve minaturization via is introduced in center of

patch and it provides capacitive matching through gap coupling
[8]. Fig. 3 and 4 show far field radiation pattern of H-plane and
E-plane for proposed antenna at 3.5 GHz and 3.66 GHz for
inset fed antenna.Around 30% of size reduction is achieved in Figure 4(a): E plane radiation pattern of inset fed antenna
proposed antenna.

Electronics & Comm. Engg, Deppt. of Galgotias College of Engg & Technology, (U.P.)
155
 A National Conference on Recent Advances in Microwave Antennas for Cognitive
Radios and Wireless Communications (RAMCWC-2013), OCTOBER, 2013
REFERENCES

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[6] Balanis C. A., antenna theory – analysis and design, 3 ed. New York,
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Figure 4(b): E plane radiation pattern of Gap Coupled antenna INC.London, 2003.
[8] Zeb, B.A.; Yuehe Ge; Esselle, K.P.; Zhu Sun; Tobar, M.E., "A Simple
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Dual-Band Electromagnetic Band Gap Resonator Antenna Based on
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[9] ukh
Deshmukh,kh, Amit
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cou
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In the present work, gap coupled method is expressed to NCC , 2013
NCC)
(NCC), 201
013 National
Nationall C onf
Conference on , vol., no., pp.1,5, 15-17 Feb. 2013
achieve miniaturization of a triangular patch antenna. The Gap
coupled antenna shows higher gain at the resonant frequency
showing good broadside pattern.
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Electronics & Comm. Engg, Deppt. of Galgotias College of Engg & Technology, (U.P.)
156