The Japanese Period (1941-1945)

Philippine Literature
Historical Background
• Philippine Literature was interrupted in its
development when Japan conquered Philippines
• Philippine literature in English came to a halt.
• Almost all newspapers in English were stopped by
the Japanese except for the TRIBUNE and the
PHILIPPINE REVIEW.
 Historical Background
• Brought an advantageous effect on Filipino
Literature, which experienced renewed attention
because writes in English turned to writing in
Filipino.
• Juan Laya, who used to write in English turned to
Filipino because of the strict prohibitions of the
Japanese regarding any writing in English.
• The weekly LIWAYWAY
was placed under strict
surveillance until it was
managed by a Japanese
named Ishiwara.
Historical Background
• In other words, Filipino literature was given a break
during this period.
• Writers wrote:
– plays
– Poems
– short stories
– etc.
• Topics and themes were often about life in the
provinces.
A. Filipino Poetry During This Period
• Common theme of most poems during the
Japanese occupation was:
۰ Nationalism
۰ Country
۰ Love
۰ Life in the barrios
۰ Faith
۰ Religion
۰ Arts
Filipino Poetry During This Period
Types of poems emerged during this period:

1.
3. HAIKU
2. TANAGA
KARANIWANG ANYO (Usual Form)

ᵜ ๏ Like
→ Like the of
those
a poem HAIKU, is short
mentioned
free verse but
earlier
that the it had
inJapanese
the measure
beginning and
liked.of this

๏ rhyme.
book.
It was made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines.
→๏ Each
The line
first had
line 17
hadsyllables and the
5 syllables, is also allegorical
second, in
7 syllables,
meaning.
and the third, five.

๏ The Haiku is allegorical in meaning, is short and

covers a wide scope in meaning.

Haiku
By Gonzalo K. Flores DEFINITION
ACTIVITY
Dragonfly If you are given a
Saber
You’re pulling a saber chance to be an
Noun a heavy, insect,
one-edged
The flowers shivered what
sword, would you be?
usually slightly
Why?
curved, used especially
When you approached
by cavalry.

Invitation
Lonely grass
By the quiet river
Come, love.
.
 Tanaga ni Ildefonso Santos
(Liwayway, Oktubre 10, 1943)
ACTIVITY
AUTHOR
• was born on 23 January 1897, in Baritan, Malabon, Rizal.
• showed his talent Palay
in poetry through a love letter for a secret lover.
 Read
• cousin,He’s
the Tanaga
Leonardo
with heartfelt
Diangson, read
feelings.
the letter,
(Individual)
and it was later
a behaved palay
 Let
published
Who in
thethewhen
bowed newspaper
whole class
he windAng Mithî. Dr. Gagto) decide the
(except
blew
• After publishing, the letter was read by Iñigo Ed Regalado.
But stood up again
• begantwo best
writing readers.
poetry in earnest and using Ilaw Silangan as his pen
And bore gold.
name.
 Let the two best readers battle again by reading the
• finished his studies as a first professor in Pilipino at the National
Teachers Shell
College.
Tanaga, but this time, with facial expressions and
• Before WorldShall,
War II,hey!
he also a supervisor for the
actions.
You’re
national a beautiful pearl
language.
• HeIfgraduated
you
Letare in the University
Dr.pressed
Gagto to the
be of
theears the who’s the best reader
judge
Philippines withYou a degree
sigh. in the field of
among the class.
architecture.
 SOME
POETRY
POEMS
Haikus Corporeal,
Too much catsup,
Unevaporeal
spice, sauce
By Rodolfo S. Rosales blood, bold,
hypocrisies:
on the what
hiding hand is
ofnot
time.
there.
BEAUTY
DEATH
Never,
A wind forever!
unseen, a sound unheard:
a broken
rusty hinge,
guitar...
a fiery fever
bones and skulls.
to become.
PROGRESS
JUSTICE
Flip achill
You coin:comrade
crown ordragonfly
king.
Coin,please
then neitheryou
crown nor king,
“Notaguilty!”
put tiger in your tongue
SOME
LOVE
POEMS
Tooin
Pill much
the evening
catsup, spice, sauce
Black
hypocrisies:
coffee in the morning
Andhiding
headaches
what isatnot
noon.
there.
 Haikus DEFINITION
By Rodolfo S. Rosales

Corporeal
Adjective of the nature of the physical body; bodily.

Fiery
Adjective intensely hot

Hinge
Noun that on which something is based or depends; pivotal
consideration or factor.
 Haikus ACTIVITY
By Rodolfo S. Rosales

Create your own Haiku about Grace Christian College

REMEMBER that a HAIKU is:

๏ made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines.

๏ The first line had 5 syllables, the second, 7 syllables, and

the third, five.

๏ The Haiku is allegorical in meaning, is short and covers a

wide scope in meaning.

 B. Filipino Drama During the
Japanese Period
 The drama experienced a lull during the Japanese period
because movie houses showing American films were closed.
 The big movie houses were just made to show stage shows.
 Many of the plays were reproductions of English plays to
Tagalog.
 The translators were:
 Francisco Soc Rodrigo
 Alberto Concio
 Narciso Pimentel.
 B. Filipino Drama During the
Japanese Period
 They also founded the organization of Filipino players
named Dramatic Philippines.
 Few of the play writers are:
1. Jose Ma. Hernandez – wrote PANDAY PIRA
2. Francisco Soc Rodrigo – wrote SA PULA, SA PUTI
3. Clodualdo del Mundo – wrote BULAGA
4. Julian Cruz Balmaceda – wrote SINO BA KAYO?,
DAHIL SA ANAK, and HIGANTE NG PATAY
C. The Filipino Short Story During
the Japanese Period
The field of the short story widened during the
Japanese Occupation.
Many wrote short stories.
Among them were Brigido Batungbakal, Macario
Pineda, Serafin Guinigundo, Liwayway Arceo,
Narciso Ramos, NVM Gonzales, Alicia Lopez
Lim, Ligaya Perez, and Gloria Guzman.
C. The Filipino Short Story During
the Japanese Period
The best writings in 1945 were selected by a
group of judges composed of Francisco Icasiano,
Jose Esperanza Cruz, Antonio Rosales, Clodualdo
del Mundo and Teodoro Santos.
 C. The Filipino Short Story During
the Japanese Period
The following got the first three
prizes from the selection:
 First Prize: Narciso Reyes with his
LUPANG TINUBUAN
 Second Prize: Liwayway Arceo’s
UHAW ANG TIGANG NA LUPA
 Third Prize: NVM Gonzales’
LUNSOD NAYON AT DAGAT-
DAGATAN
D. Philippine Literature in English
(1941-1945)
๏ Because of the strict prohibitions imposed by the Japanese
in the writing and publishing of works in English, Philippine
literature in English experienced a dark period.

๏ The few who dared to write did so for their bread and butter
or for propaganda.

๏ Writings that came out during this period were journalistic

in nature.

๏ Writers felt suppressed but slowly, the spirit of nationalism

started to seep into their consciousness.
D. Philippine Literature in English
(1941-1945)
๏ While some continued to write, the majority waited for a
better climate to published their works.

๏ Noteworthy writer of the period was Carlos P. Romulo who

won the Pulitzer Prize for his bestsellers
̶ I SAW THE FALL OF THE PHILIPPINES
̶ I SEE THE PHILIPPINES RISE
̶ MOTHER AMERICA
̶ MY BROTHER AMERICANS
D. Philippine Literature in English
(1941-1945)
๏ F. B. Icasiano wrote essays in The Philippine Review

๏ Carlos Bulosan’s works included:

๏ THE LAUGHTER OF MY FATHER (1944)

๏ THE VOICE OF BATAAN

๏ SIX FILIPINO POETS

๏ Alfredo Litiatco published With Harp and Sling

๏ Jose P. Laurel published Forces that Make a Nation Great

D. Philippine Literature in English
(1941-1945)
๏ The commonwealth Literary Awards gave prizes to
meritorious writers:

1. LIKE THE MOLAVE by Rafael Zulueta da Costa

(Poetry)

2. HOW MY BROTHER LEON BROUGHT HOME A WIFE

by Manuel E. Arguilla (Short Story)

3. LITERATURE AND SOCIETY by Salvador P. Lopez

(Essay)

4. HIS NATIVE SOIL by Juan Laya (Novel)

D. Philippine Literature in English
(1941-1945)
๏ President Manuel l. Quezon’s autobiography THE GOOD
FIGHT was published posthumously.
๏ Radio broadcasts echoed the mingled fear and doubts in
the hearts of the people.

๏ Other writers of this period were Juan Collas (1944),

Tomas Confessor (1945), Roman A. De la Cruz and Elisa
Tabunar.
The March of Death
By Bienvenido N. Santos
 The March of Death
By Bienvenido N. Santos AUTHOR
• was a Filipino American
fictionist, poet and nonfiction
writer.
• born and raised in Tondo,
Manila.
• family roots are originally
from Lubao, Pampanga,
Philippines.
• lived in the United States for Bienvenido N. Santos
many years where he is (1911–1996)
widely credited as a
pioneering Asian-American
writer.
 The March of Death
By Bienvenido N. Santos DEFINITION
Flog
Verb to beat with a whip, stick etc., especially as punishment;
whip; scourge.
Hedge
noun a row of bushes or small trees planted close together,
Especially when forming a fence or boundary; hedgerow:
Peculiar
adjective distinctive in nature or character from others.
Mangle
verb to spoil; ruin; mar badly
The March of Death
By Bienvenido N. Santos CHARACTER MAP
Bienvenido Troubled that his brother might be included in
death march from Bataan to Capas.

Bienvenido’s brother Brother of Bienvenido who might be included

in the march of death.

Uncle Has a garden hedge in front of the his house

that smells fragrantly.

Celia Sat in the window and witness the suffering of

the Filipinos who were marching in front of her
house to Capas.
The March of Death
By Bienvenido N. Santos EVENT MAP

Of the infamous Death March from

Bataan to Capas in March 1944 in the
States while in anxiety over a brother.
 The March of Death
By Bienvenido N. Santos SUMMARY
Bienvenido was in the United States during the Japanese
occupation. When he learnt of the high death rates of the Bataan
march, he was troubled that his brother might be included in the
statistic.
He poured out his sorrow in this story. Recalling the
things he and his brother did in the roads when they were
younger that’s being used then by the marching Filipinos on their
way to Capas.
Reminiscing made him regret but at the same time, gave
him hope, that his brother is alive and they would be able to walk
again in the same road in one April morning.
The March of Death
By Bienvenido N. Santos OPEN MIND

It is very distressing and heart-wrenching to

anyone when a person you love is in some threat
of danger. If possible, you would save your love
one for any price even if the price is yourself as
long as your love one will be saved.
The March of Death
By Bienvenido N. Santos ACTIVITY TIME

Group yourself in two groups. Make

a scenario wherein your loved one is
being threatened to be killed. How
and what will you do stop it? Act it
out.
To My Native Land
By Tarrosa Subido
 To My Native Land
By Tarrosa Subido DEFINITION
Visionary
Adjective given to or characterized by fanciful, not presently
workable, or unpractical ideas, views, or schemes
Scheme
Noun a visionary or impractical project.
Avowal
Noun an open statement of affirmation; frank acknowledgment
or admission.
Sustenance
Noun means of sustaini9ng life; nourishment.
Bequeath
Verb to hand down; pass on.
To My Native Land
By Tarrosa Subido SUMMARY
The author, Tarrosa, wrote this sonnet during the
Japanese Occupation. Impressed by the common sight
of fellow Filipinos dying in their youth or prime, the
country denied thereby of their various talents and
services, the author made haste to write down her
feelings for her native land, death then seeming
imminent.
To My Native Land
By Tarrosa Subido OPEN MIND
To know that my death is about to happen, I would
feel desolate, fearful, and probably, full of regret.
Because I would be leaving behind my family.,
whom I love dearly. But if there’s no tomorrow,
literally, I would spend my last day to fight against
the Japanese occupation. I would have do anything I
can, not to be submissive to them. I would fight
them.
To My Native Land
By Tarrosa Subido ACTIVITY

What would you do if you only have one

day to live? (individual)
My Father’s Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan
 My Father’s Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan AUTHOR
 was born in the village of
Mangusmana Barangay Sto.
Niño located in Binalonan,
Pangasinan,
Philippines.
 went to the United States to find
work to help his farmer parents.
 was an English-language Filipino
novelist and poet who spent most
of his life in the United States.
 His best-known work is the semi- Bienvenido N. Santos
autobiographical America Is in the (November 24, 1913 –
Heart. September 11, 1956)
My Father’s Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan DEFINITION
Furtive
Adjective taken, done, used, etc., surreptitiously or by
stealth; secret
Impasse
Noun a position or situation from which there is no escape;
deadlock
Granary
Noun a region that produces great quantities of grain.
 My Father’s Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan SUMMARY
The town was suffering from poverty and hunger because of
the plaque of some disaster that wreck their plantations /
businesses.
Bida’s mother and sisters can’t find odd jobs and there was a
threat of famine across the town. It was during this time that
Bida’s father stayed at home and just sat everyday with his
fighting cock, Burick. He would not do anything, but caress
Burick, exercise it and sometime slept with Burick.
 My Father’s Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan SUMMARY
Bida’s mother one day got angry with his father and tried to
kill Burick., but Bida’s father saw it and got to prevent it in time.
Bida’s mother had her revenge as one day, she cooked a
wonderful pleasant meal with chicken and bitter melons. The
family ate heartily most especially Bida’s father, as they have
eaten a chicken for quite sometime. After eating a lot of chicken,
and was about to get more, Bida’s father asked where did the
mother got the “good” chicken. His mother replied, “Where do
you think I got it?”
My Father’s Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan CHARACTER MAP
Bida The only son left at the house. Took care of
Burick when told by his father.

Bida’s Made money by cock-fighting. Loves Burick more

father than anything else by taking tremendous care of
it.

Bida’s Very patient. Went door-to-door to do odd jobs to

mother have money / food for the family.

Francisca Bida’s sister. Usually takes care of Marcela.

 My Father’s Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan CHARACTER MAP
Marcela Bida’s youngest sister.

Burcio Strange man from a neighboring country. Owns a

black fighting cock.

Burick Bida’s father’s fighting cock and the only healthy

living thing in the family’s household. Sometimes
sleep with bida’s father

Kanaway Burick’s father. It won the family a house three

years ago. It’s being served the choicest rice.
My Father’s Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan OPEN MIND
If I were Bida, I would find a job to help my family from
poverty. I would look for any legal job as long as I earn
money to buy necessities for my family.. It would be
unbearable for me to sit idle and watch my family struggle
that’s why I will strive hard to be good to help them.
 My Father’s Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan ACTIVITY
Level 2 - Internationally- known chicken dishes
The first person on your utmost left side will start to count 1,
1. It number
then the one on her right will count herself has a lot2.
of Then
soy
next person on her right will start again with 1sauce.
then 2 until each
2. You could laurel
student has a number.
leaves for flavor.
Guess the name of each chicken dish. 3. _ _o_ _
2 levels:
Level 1 - Common in Metro Manila
Level 2 - Internationally- known chicken dishes.
Afritada
Chicken
Fried Manok
Adobo
Chicken
Tinolang
Lechon Manok
My Father’s Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan ACTIVITY
Level 2 - Internationally- known chicken dishes

1.Origin: Chinese/Singapore
1.1.
1. Origin:
Origin: India
Persia
Hainanese
Origin: Spain
1.Chicken
2. Chicken
Origin:
Chinese
2. Spanish
Japan
Terriyaki
Name:
name: 海南雞飯
paella
2.
2.Yellow
Persian
Uses kari
name:
podi
Chicken
Chicken
3.
2.mixta
Name Persian
Paella
in Japanese:鳥
Jujeh Kabob
3.照り焼きCurry
3. 3.Chicken Kebab
3.
The End.
Thank you for listening! 