EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

SYSTEM IN BANKING INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The business world has been impacted by a variety of changes, population have been
growing rapidly; markets have been expanding often to the multinational level; customer
expectations have been rising and expanding, government demands have been multiplying,
social responsibility, ecological concern and public institutions have been growing. As might
expect, such changes are creating intensive competitive pressure, posing complex decision
situations and squeezing available resources. Organizations have responded in various ways
diversifying goods and services rearranging organizational structures. Incorporating new
technology participating a community action programs and last but not least re-examine
information systems.

Development in information related equipment techniques and concepts collectively

called information technology have been occurring at a breathtaking pace new version of
computers terminals, and other devices are announced almost daily in business new techniques
for solving business problems, based upon such disciplines as communications theory and
operations research are described in various technical journals. Many of these developments
promise to improve the effectiveness of information system and the quality of managerial
decision making.
These changes and developments have both stimulated the need for more useful
information and provided the means of attaining it. Consequently information systems are
exhibiting varied and interesting effects. For instance, computers and related equipment are
being applied to the collection, processing and dissemination of information. Decision models
are being employed to organized data for decision making reports are being tailor made for
managers upon demand.
 Other effects of an organizational nature are appearing, for instance information system
functions are being organized to manage information system also, functional information system
are being installed alongside accounting and other information systems e.g. personnel
information systems.
Since each member of this combined group focuses upon information for managerial
decision makers, the resulting combination is known as the management information system.
The Management Information System is an important portion of a firm’s communication e.g.
banks overall information system.
Management information system is a system stores and retires information and data,
processes them and presents them to management as information to be used in decision making.
It must serve the basic functions of management which include planning, organizing, staffing,
directing and controlling.
Since the development of management information system there have been numerous
challenges of business computers were brought in to solve specifically technological or
organizational problem and their use was perfectly accepted. It improves organization junctions
and affects the basic structure and principle of the organization. As data manipulation and
information are critical in the management of organization, computers play a key role in storing,
retrieving and manipulating of data they are essential in operation of the organization.
Corporate operations and decision-making are widely based on information that has been
provided or generated by individual and specific Information Technology systems. Such systems
are used to collect, harvest, organize, and generate an output that would back up fast and sound
business decision. Firms adopt new management techniques and systems with the purpose of
enhancing the decision-making processes, improve results and minimize output costs (Henry and
Mayle, 2003; AlMaryani and Sadik, 2012). Consequently, this is a way to enhance company
operation effectiveness. Various management techniques and management accounting practices
improve financial performance if firms follow specific strategic priorities (Chenhall and
Langfield-Smith, 1998; Naranjo-Gil, 2004).
Furthermore, researchers assume that managers, as rational agents, are unlikely to adopt a
management information system that does not improve their company’s financial performance
(Chenhall, 2003). Therefore, management information are used to considerably improve
decision-making and, as a result, financial performance. Likewise, firms that rate their
management information system high will conceivably adopt it to a much bigger extent, with the
ultimate goal of maintaining and improving their overall financial performance. Despite the
limitations, some empirical studies attempt to relate financial performance to management IS or
new management techniques. The majority of them analyze the individual effect of a particular
management method, although with a degree of divergence in results. In many companies, such
management information systems have been implemented as a support in decision-making and a
tool to attain high corporate performance. Still investigating the relationship between
Management Information System and corporate performance requires further examining.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of management information system in banking
industry. Specifically, the study is to:
(a) Examine the impact of full application of management information system in the
banking industry.
(b) Identify the extent to which management information system solve the
ineffectiveness in banking operation
(c) Determine how the varied effects (e.g. computer and related equipment) of
management information system affect banking industry

SIGNIFICANCE
The significance of the study lies in the importance of management information systems
on the performance of the banking industry, and its role in providing the appropriate data and
information both internally and externally in order to support management function, giving
advanced solutions for managers, helping administrators to take correct decision in a large
margin, improve the administrative level in banking industry.
From the result of the study, the extent to which management information system
techniques have been utilized in the banking industry and how far this has affected the overall
performance of the bank will be determined. It is expected that the result of the study will enable
the banking industry in particular United Bank for Africa to achieve its desired objectives
(customer satisfaction). This study will be of great benefit to bankers, investment analyst,
government agencies, academics, private and public sectors, as it will add to the body of
literature in the relevant future study.
SCOPE
This work is aimed at examining the impact of management information system in the banking

industry using United Bank for Africa (UBA) as the case study. The study looked at how

information technology might be used for competitive advantage.

LIMITATION
The limitations which include unavailability and inaccessibility of relevant data and
material necessary for carrying out this study. Another is the unwillingness on the part of the
respondents to give adequate and correct information necessary to carry out the work.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Management information system: It is a system that stores and retrieves

information and data, processes them and present them to management as information to
be used in decision making.
 performance management:
 Banking:
 Corporate performance:
 Concept of Management Information System and its benefits
Management information systems are formal systems for presenting management with
timely and suitable information necessary for decision making (Leonardi and Bailey, 2008). The
system gives information on the past, present and project future and on related developments
inside and outside the organization (Baccarini, 1999). It may be described as an integrated and
organized system for collecting relevant data, transforming it into correct information and
providing the same to the concerned executives. The main purpose of Management Information
System is to “provide the right information to the right people at the right time” (Gray, 2000).
The ideas of management information systems were formed to counteract such inefficient
development and productive use of the computer. Management Information System concepts are
crucial to efficient computer use in business.

When a system gives information to people who are not part of the managerial staff, then
it will not be viewed as part of a Management information system (Belassi and Tukel, 1996).
Such a system, while it may contain similar interfaces as Management Information System, is
not a part of it. Examples of such systems are salary acknowledgments and excise duty
statements. Generally, Management Information System deals with information that is
systematically and routinely collected in accordance with a well-defined set of rules (Spathis et
al., 2007). Furthermore, Management information system is a part of the formal information
network in an organization. Information that has great managerial planning importance is seldom
obtained at golf courses. However, this information is not part of Management Information
System, but “one-shot market research data accumulated to measure the full potential of a new
product does not come within the goal of a Management information system by our definition,
seeing as such information which is systematically retained is not collected on a regular basis”
(Belassi and Tukel, 1996).
Frequently, the information provided by a Management Information System helps
managers in making planning and control decisions (Jorgenson, 1989). Each company or
organization, in order to function properly, must be able to execute particular operations,
“whether it is a wholesaler or car manufacturer or who has to provide water to its area of
jurisdiction” (Wu and Lee, 2007). All these operations need to be accompanied by meticulous
planning, meaning the car manufacturer must decide on the type of car and the wholesaler should
determine which pumping period to install for the five-year period (Gray, 2000).
Also, a company or organization must control the operations according to the plans and
targets developed in the planning process (Jorgenson, 1989). The car manufacturer must make
decisions to improve the deviation or revise his plans. On the other hand, similarly, the
wholesaler must determine the impacts that his commissions have had on sales and make
decisions to fix conflicting trends (Wu and Lee, 2007). Management information systems take
care of planning and control (Leonardi and Bailey, 2008). Elaborate systems exist for
information that assists operations.
The car manufacturer will hold a system for presenting information to the workers on the
shop floor concerning the job that needs to be performed on a particular quantity of material.
There may be route sheets, which accompany the rate materials and components in their
movement through various machines (Lewis, 2004). This system provides only the information
to support operation. It has no managerial decision-making significance. It is not part of an
Management Information System If, however, the system does provide information regarding
productivity, rejection rates or machine utilization, meaning that the system is part of a
Management information system.

Management information system, which is define as the development and use of

information system that help businesses achieve their goals and objective. This definition has
three key elements:development and use, information system, and business goals and objectives
(kroenke, 2011).A system is a group of component that interact to achieve some purpose, an
information system (IS) is a groupof component that interact to produce information. A model
of the components of an information system:computer hardware, software, data, procedures and
people(kroenke, 2011).
These five component are present in every information system, for example, when you
use a computer to write a report, you are using hardware (the computer, storage disk, keyboard,
and monitor), software (word, or other word-processing program), data (the words, sentences,
and paragraphs), procedures (the methods you use to start the program to enter, save and back
up), and people (you). What is information? Information is knowledge derived from data,
whereas data is defined as recorded fact or figures (kroenke, 2011). Turban mentions some
characteristics of information quality (Turban and Volonino, 2010):
 Accurate: correct and complete data.
  Timely: produced in time for its intended use.
 Relevant: both to context and to subject.
 Sufficient: for the purpose for which it is generated.
 Worth its cost: an appropriate relationship must exist between the cost of the
information and its value.

Information Technology and Information System

Information technology and information system are two closely terms, but they are different.
Information Technology (IT) refer to the products, methods, inventions, and standards that are
used for the purpose ofproducing information, IT pertains to the hardware, software, and data
components, Whereas information system(IS) is an assembly of hardware, software, data,
procedures, and people that produces information (Laudon,2013).

Types of Management Information System

Management information systems provide a competitive advantage when the system
supports the goals of the organization (Jorgenson, 1989). Most organizations are structured
functionally, and systems are classified as Accounting management information systems,
financial management information systems, manufacturing management information systems,
Marketing management information systems, Human resources management information
systems. When it comes to accounting Management Information System, all accounting reports
are distributed by all accounting managerial levels. The management of the information that at
the accounting department is one of the most viral factors in determining the efficiency and the
department (Leonardi and Bailey, 2008). The information that gathers included the invoice,
account document, payment, draft, banking document, etc. (Wong et al., 2009).
The information is usually arranged and manage by computer system compare to the
human power which written down in black and white. The software and system used for the
accounting management were the UBS system, Structured Query Language (SQL) system and
other associated systems that can manage the accounting information files (Jorgenson, 1989).
The system using the SQL system especially is the most suitable system to maintain and reorder
the accounting department information. The information that is gathered mixed or not in order is
easily recognized by the system and determine the detail and type it used to be (Spathis et al.,
2007).
 In the accounting department, the information is an important element that running the
operation of the department (Liang et al., 2007). The accounting department is also depending on
the information as well as another department that relies on it in the other way around (Baccarini,
1999). It is also vital that the accounting department provides the right and accurate information
to the organization and other departments. The prediction and authenticity of the information
decide the future of the organization. Another type, the financial management information
system presents financial and economic information to all business and financial managers
within an organization including the chief financial officer (Leonardi and Bailey, 2008).
The chief financial officer analyzes historical and current economic activity, projects
future financial needs, and controls and supervises funding using the information developed by
Management Information System department (Wong et al., 2009).The information that has for
the financial department will determine the budget and the planning for the organization (Lewis,
2004). In establishing or the development and growth of the company, the collected financial and
economic information will define the volume of the organization. The collected information also
demonstrates the company’s financial situation concerning growth and development. In order to
make sure the security of the information of the organization, the information is well kept and in
choosing for the ordinate for the financial department, only those who are qualified will be
selected (Baccarini, 1999). The information systems cost assessment is a crucial management
concern. An estimate aids in determining individual proposals, to schedule their growth, to
supervise and control their advancement, and to assess estimators and implementers.
In manufacturing management information systems more than any functional domain,
operations have been influenced by notable technological improvements. Manufacturing
processes have changed as a result. Inventories are granted in so that considerable amounts of
money are not spent for warehousing huge inventories (Liang et al., 2007). In some cases, raw
materials are even prepared on railroad cars waiting to be directly sent to the factories, thus
eliminating the need for warehousing. The current input subsystem of the companies relies
profoundly on information systems in order to function efficiently and productively. Input
subsystems ensure raw material, assemblies and subassemblies from various and indirect sources
based on the just-in-time (JIT) philosophy (Baccarini, 1999).
A marketing management information system maintains managerial activity in the field
of product advancement, pricing decisions, promotional efficiency, and sales forecasting.
Furthermore, marketing systems rely on external data sources which include customers and
competition. The collected information is also important to define various marketing strategies.
We classify the role of information systems in a firm in order to analyze the influence of
information systems on companies and organizations, also determining the amount of impact
modern IT has on the company’s cost structure, and examining how these effects result in
changes to different properties of the company or organization, from a perspective of agency
theory and transaction cost economics (Spathis et al., 2007).
Furthermore, information systems are utilized to examine the global business
environment and conditions, presenting the organization or company with valuable feedback
concerning business possibilities, market, and consumer demographics as well as cultural and
political information (Lewis, 2004). This kind of feedback is crucial for forming and completing
marketing and business strategies that equal organizational strengths with environmental
opportunities. Also, information systems link and coordinate the different operations of the
organization globally facilitating overall internal efficiency (Baccarini, 1999). Information
systems are crucial for the management of quality assurance systems and the assessment of the
environmental influence of alternative packaging materials. Automated warehousing and
distribution world, of course, be impossible without significant investments in information
systems (Hjelt and Bj̈ ök, 2007).
According to Gray (2000), human resources management information systems are
occupied with activities related to all managerial levels, workers, and other individuals employed
by the company. Because the personnel function refers to all other business areas, the human
resources management information system represents an invaluable part in guaranteeing
organizational success (Spathis et al., 2007). Activities performed by the human resources
management information systems include workforce analysis and planning, hiring, training, and
job assignments (Hjelt and Bj̈ ök, 2007).

Management Information system and overall firm performance

The success of the management information systems can be achieved by analyzing its
effect on results. Various authors consent with this concept and directly affirm that the goal of
management information systems should be to obtain an improvement and enhancement in the
firm’s financial performance. For instance, authors say that management information systems
should aid companies in taking more appropriate decisions or improving their comprehensive
financial performance (Dopuch, 1993); the objective of management information systems is to
enhance overall financial performance, not to obtain more precise costs (Cooper and Kaplan,
1992); firms utilize innovation to obtain advantages that indirectly or directly impact economic
performance indicators (Cagwin and Bouwman, 2002); or the primary objective of management
information systems is to improve and enhance the potential role of the system in improving the
firm’s overall financial performance (Ranganathan and Kannabiran, 2004). Taken together, these
findings, along with the conceptual model, have significant research and managerial
implications.
Moreover, according to a study conducted by (Naranjo-Gil 2009), Management
information system has an influence on flexibility-based strategic performance and cost-based
strategic performance, taking into account the decentralization of responsibilities, updating
customer knowledge and customer participation in management, the cooperation with other units
with the scope of increasing the firm budget, and actualization and use of management
information (Slotegraaf and Pauwels, 2008). According to their research combined with prior
knowledge on management information systems, a study was made how different team
compositions interact with a management information system, directly influencing strategic
performances, focused on flexibility and the reduction of costs. The results exhibit how the effect
of management information system on strategic performance is supervised and governed by top
management team diversity.
The extent to which the management information system is providing information that
relates to possible future events, efficiency, output rates, information on the effect of various
events, that also relate to the impact that the employees decision has on the performance of other
departments. (Naranjo-Gil, 2009). Furthermore, greater management information system
capability leads to a higher degree of strategic performance.
In a research conducted by Kirsch (1997), it is suggested that there is a direct link
between behavior control, outcome control, clan control, self-control with firm performance, and
with the moderating effect of the complexity risk. Krisch (1997) tried to determine whether the
user anticipated the development team to follow an intelligible written series of steps toward the
attainment of project goals or if the user presumed the development team to follow explained
written system development rules. Furthermore, based on the data obtained from previous
research on management information systems projects, behavior, outcome, and self-control are
determined to be undoubtedly linked with the system performance of projects. However,
complexity risk generates a mixed moderating effect on the relationship between control and
performance.
 The research model tried to determine if, in the presence of a high complexity risk, the
impact of behavior and self-control on performance are low, whereas the effectiveness of
outcome and clan control increases. Overall, there is an optimistic tone for control as an
important causal driver for comprehensive performance.
According to a study conducted by Qrunfleh and Tarafdar (2014), a connection between supply
chain (SC) strategy and supply chain information systems (IS) strategy was examined, and its
impact on supply chain performance and firm performance. The results also support the
proposition that an organization’s ability to use supply chain strategy to support its core
competencies is dependent on management information systems’ functional capabilities.
Prior research by Maiga and Jacobs (2003), the interface between management control
and information technology is an underdeveloped research area with a knowledge gap
concerning its implications for financial performance. The present research model analyzes the
interaction effect of cost control systems and information technology integration on company
financial performance. The conducted research showed that that while information technology
integration and cost control systems hold no significant influence on plant financial performance,
they do associate to positively influence manufacturing plant financial performance. According
to Ragu et al. (2004) their conceptual model emphasizes the link between top management
support and information system performance, and Top management support proved to be a
significant factor in determining the efficiency of the information system function in an
organization and the direct and indirect relations described in the model between top
management support and IS performance were supported by the results (Wernerfelt, 1998). The
variables that had a moderating effect on this relationship comprehended the structure of the
information system, integration of the information system, current and future portfolios of the
information systems and the different modes of information system management controls.
According to the research conducted by Lai et al. (2004) a link was established between
sharing environmental management information with customers and suppliers and the overall
comprehensive firm performance, which included environmental, cost and profit performance
and the mediation effect of environmental munificence (Slotegraaf and Pauwels, 2008). The
previous study highlighted the importance of information exchange with supply chain partners
for achieving performance gains. Environmental management information contributes more to
the long-term than to the short-term influences on overall firm performance, enhancing the
comprehensive operational effectiveness.
 Also a study conducted by Huang et al. (1998) hypothesized that information technology
has an influence on overall environmental performance, taking into account the firm size and
age, and also the ownership structure. The model proposes that information technology also
presents opportunities for firms to greening IT and/or increasing their efficiency of resource use.
Information technology is viewed as a solution possibility for environmental management and
sustainability by analyzing how IT influences environmental performance. The variables: IT
technical infrastructure flexibility, personnel skills, business alignment and environmental
management integration all have an effect on comprehensive environmental performance (Ryals,
2005). Schewe (1976) proposed a model that analyzed the relationships between management
information system users’ perceptions of their computer system, observed variables exogenous to
the system, attitudes, and system usage. The model included MIS capabilities, user education,
atmosphere, MIS refinements, other exogenous variable and attitude components. There was no
significant connection found between the system usage behavior and attitudes, which would have
a further effect on overall company performance.
Management Information System enhances the quality of plants by providing appropriate
information for quality decision–making. Due to an increase in the size and complexity of
organizations, managers have lost personal contact with the scene of operations. MIS also
changes the bigger amount of data into compiled form and thereby avoids the possible ambiguity
that may arise when managers are swamped with detailed facts. (Ryals, 2005). Decentralization
of authority is possibly when there is a system for monitoring operations at lower levels.
Management Information System is successfully used for measuring company
performance and making a necessary change in the organizational plans and procedures (Pfeffer
and Sutton, 2000). Management Information System links all decision centers in the
organization, by facilitating the integration of specialized activities by retaining each department
conscious of the requirements and issues of other departments. (Jorgenson, 1989). Management
information system serves as a link between managerial planning and control and assembles,
processes, stores, retrieves, evaluates and disseminates the information. It improves the capacity
of management to analyze, assess and improve comprehensive company performance.
 HISTORY OF BANKING OPERATION IN NIGERIA

The history of banking operation and supervision in Nigeria could be traced to the period
between 1892 and 1894 when African Banking Corporation and First Bank of Nigeria (which
was formerly known as the Bank of British West Africa (BBWA) was established5. There was
no doubt that along the line of history, the Colonial Banks established their presence in Nigeria.
They ran commercial affairs, affected financial activities, and influence trade and commercial
transactions throughout West Africa, from Nigeria6. Barclays bank entered into financial
operation in Nigeria around 1925, through merger between the Colonial Bank, the Anglo-
Egyptian Bank and the National Bank of South Africa to create Barclays Bank (Dominion,
Colonial and Overseas).
In 1948, the British and French Bank for commerce and industry was established (later to
become the United Bank for Africa). These banks therefore did not aim at meeting the needs of
the Africans8. In 1949, DrNnamdiAzikwe established the bank with an African heritage (the
African Continental Bank). He decided to establish the bank all in the name of Pan Africanism
because foreign banks discriminated against him and his group of companies9. It is a fact that
ACB was actually not the first Nigerian Bank to be founded. In 1929, the Industrial and
Commercial Bank became the first indigenous bank to be established, but an anemic existence
and therefore went into liquidation fifteen month later, specifically in 1930. Its failure has been
attributed to mismanagement, accounting incompetence, embezzlement, even though economic
repression of that period also contributed to its failure. In 1931, its remains were replaced by
Mercantile Bank most of its directors were also directors in the defunct ICB. A year later, it
created branches in Lagos and Aba, but six years later, it also went into voluntary liquidation. In
1947, the Nigerian Farmers and Commercial Bank also came into existence.
Worried by the spate of establishment of these indigenous banks, the Government in
1948, appointed Mr. G.D. Paton, an official of the bank of, England to ‘enquire generally into the
business of banking in Nigeria and make recommendations to the Government on the form and
extent of control which should be introduced’. Its report of this inquiry submitted in 1952,
formed a foundation for the establishment of the first Banking Ordinance Act that same year. It
was designed mainly to ensure orderliness in commercial banking, and prevent the establishment
of unviable banks and unregulated banking transactions11. Draft legislation for the establishment
of Central Bank of Nigeria was presented to the House of Representatives later in March, 1958.
It was passed and fully implemented on the 1st of July 1959 establishing the full operation of the
Central Bank of Nigeria.

United Bank for Africa

UBA has more than 65 years of providing uninterrupted banking operations dating back
to 1948 when the British and French Bank Limited (“BFB”) commenced business in Nigeria.
BFB was a subsidiary of BanqueNationale de Crédit (BNCI), Paris, which transformed its
London branch into a separate subsidiary called the British and French Bank, with shares held by
BanqueNationale de Crédit and two British investment firms, S.G. Warburg and Company and
Robert Benson and Company. A year later, BFB opened its offices in Nigeria to break the
monopoly of the two existing British owned banks in Nigeria then.
Following Nigeria’s independence from Britain, UBA was incorporated on 23, February
1961 to take over the business of BFB. UBA eventually listed its shares on the Nigerian Stock
Exchange (NSE), in 1970 and became the first Nigerian bank to subsequently undertake an
Initial Public Offering (IPO). UBA became the first sub-Saharan bank to take its banking
business to North America when it opened its New York Office (USA) in 1984 to offer banking
services to Africans in Diaspora.
Today UBA emerged from the merger of then dynamic and fast growing Standard Trust
Bank, incorporated in 1990 and UBA, one of the biggest and oldest banks in Nigeria. The merger
was consummated on August 1, 2005, one of the biggest mergers done on the Nigerian Stock
Exchange (NSE). Following the merger, UBA subsequently went ahead to acquire Continental
Trust Bank in the same year, further expanding the UBA brand. UBA subsequently acquired
Trade Bank in 2006 which was under liquidation by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).
UBA had another successful combined public offering and rights issue in 2007 and made
further banking acquisitions of three liquidated banks namely: City Express Bank, Metropolitan
bank, and African Express Bank. The bank also acquired Afrinvest UK, rebranding it UBA
Capital, UK.
On 13 December 2012, the The quest to build a strong domestic and African brand intensified in
2008 when UBA made further acquisitions of two liquidated banks, Gulf Bank and Liberty Bank
while at the same time intensifying its African footprint with the establishment of UBA
Cameroon, UBA Cote d Ivoire, UBA Uganda, UBA Sierra Leone, and UBA Liberia as well as
the acquisition of a 51% interest in BanqueInternationale du Burkina Faso, which was the largest
bank in the country with 40% market share. Currently, UBA has 18 African subsidiaries
contributing about 20% of the Group’s balance sheet with a target of contributing 50%.
shareholders of UBA Plc unanimously voted for the bank to restructure into a Monoline
Commercial Banking Model in order for it to fully comply with the new CBN guidelines for
commercial banks in Nigeria, which repealed the erstwhile universal banking regime.
With the restructuring, the Group’s non-commercial banking subsidiaries with the exception of
Africa Prudential Registrars Plc and Afriland Properties Plc were consolidated under UBA
Capital Plc and spun-off to shareholders of the Bank. The Bank’s excess real estate assets were
used to capitaliseAfriland Properties Plc, which was then spun-off, along with Africa Prudential
Registrars Plc, to be held directly by the Bank’s shareholders.
Along with UBA Plc, the result of the restructuring is three stand-alone entities held
directly by the Bank’s shareholders – UBA Capital Plc and Africa Prudential Registrars Plc,
which are already listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, as well as Afriland Properties Plc, now
controlled by independent shareholders. Under the Monoline business structure, UBA Plc
remains the parent company for all of the Group’s commercial banking activities in Nigeria,
Africa and the rest of the world. UBA Plc is also the parent company for UBA Pension
Custodian Limited, UBA Capital (UK) and UBA FX Mart Limited.
Now fully positioned as a pan-African bank, the UBA Group is firmly in the forefront of
driving the renaissance of the African economy and is well positioned as a one-stop financial
services institution, with growing reputation as the face of banking on the continent.
 THEORETICAL REVIEW
Classical Organization Theory
Classical organization theory evolved during the first half of this century. It represents the

merger of scientific management, bureaucratic theory, and administrative theory. Frederick

Taylor (1917) developed scientific management theory (often called "Taylorism") at the

beginning of this century. His theory had four basic principles: 1) find the one "best way" to

perform each task, 2) carefully match each worker to each task, 3) closely supervise workers, and

use reward and punishment as motivators, and 4) the task of management is planning and

control.

Initially, Taylor was very successful at improving production. His methods involved getting the

best equipment and people, and then carefully scrutinizing each component of the production

process. By analyzing each task individually, Taylor was able to find the right combinations of

factors that yielded large increases in production.

While Taylor's scientific management theory proved successful in the simple

industrialized companies at the turn of the century, it has not faired well in modern companies.

The philosophy of "production first, people second" has left a legacy of declining production and

quality, dissatisfaction with work, loss of pride in workmanship, and a near complete loss of

organizational pride.

Max Weber (1947) expanded on Taylor's theories, and stressed the need to reduce

diversity and ambiguity in organizations. The focus was on establishing clear lines of authority

and control. Weber's bureaucratic theory emphasized the need for a hierarchical structure of

power. It recognized the importance of division of labor and specialization. A formal set of rules

was bound into the hierarchy structure to insure stability and uniformity. Weber also put forth the
notion that organizational behavior is a network of human interactions, where all behavior could

be understood by looking at cause and effect.

Administrative theory (i.e., principles of management) was formalized in the 1930's by

Mooney and Reiley (1931). The emphasis was on establishing a universal set of management

principles that could be applied to all organizations.

Classical management theory was rigid and mechanistic. The shortcomings of classical

organization theory quickly became apparent. Its major deficiency was that it attempted to

explain peoples' motivation to work strictly as a function of economic reward.

Neoclassical Organization Theory

The human relations movement evolved as a reaction to the tough, authoritarian structure

of classical theory. It addressed many of the problems inherent in classical theory. The most

serious objections to classical theory are that it created over-conformity and rigidity, thus

squelching creativity, individual growth, and motivation. Neoclassical theory displayed genuine

concern for human needs.

One of the first experiments that challenged the classical view was conducted by Mayo

and Roethlisberger in the late 1920's at the Western Electric plant in Hawthorne, Illinois (Mayo,

1933). While manipulating conditions in the work environment (e.g., intensity of lighting), they

found that any change had a positive impact on productivity. The act of paying attention to

employees in a friendly and nonthreatening way was sufficient by itself to increase output. Uris

(1986) referred to this as the "wart" theory of productivity. Nearly any treatment can make a wart

go away--nearly anything will improve productivity. "The implication is plain: intelligent action

often delivers results" (Uris, 1986).

The Hawthorne experiment is quite disturbing because it cast doubts on our ability to evaluate

the efficacy of new management theories. An organization might continually involve itself in the
latest management fads to produce a continuous string of Hawthorne effects. "The result is

usually a lot of wheel spinning and cynicism" (Pascale, 1990). Pascale believes that the

Hawthorne effect is often misinterpreted. It is a "parable about researchers (and managers)

manipulating and 'playing tricks' on employees." (p. 103) Erroneous conclusions are drawn

because it represents a controlling and manipulative attitude toward workers.

Writing in 1939, Barnard (1968) proposed one of the first modern theories of

organization by defining organization as a system of consciously coordinated activities. He

stressed in role of the executive in creating an atmosphere where there is coherence of values and

purpose. Organizational success was linked to the ability of a leader to create a cohesive

environment. He proposed that a manager's authority is derived from subordinates' acceptance,

instead of the hierarchical power structure of the organization. Barnard's theory contains

elements of both classical and neoclassical approaches. Since there is no consensus among

scholars, it might be most appropriate to think of Barnard as a transition theorist.

Simon (1945) made an important contribution to the study of organizations when he proposed a

model of "limited rationality" to explain the Hawthorne experiments. The theory stated that

workers could respond unpredictably to managerial attention. The most important aspect of

Simon's work was the rigorous application of the scientific method. Reductionism,

quantification, and deductive logic were legitimized as the methods of studying organizations.

Taylor, Weber, Barnard, Mayo, Roethlisberger, and Simon shared the belief that the goal of

management was to maintain equilibrium. The emphasis was on being able to control and

manipulate workers and their environment.

Systems Theory
Systems theory was originally proposed by Hungarian biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy

in 1928, although it has not been applied to organizations until recently (Kast and Rosenzweig,

1972; Scott, 1981). The foundation of systems theory is that all the components of an

organization are interrelated, and that changing one variable might impact many others.

Organizations are viewed as open systems, continually interacting with their environment. They

are in a state of dynamic equilibrium as they adapt to environmental changes.

Senge (1990) describes systems thinking as:understanding how our actions shape our reality. If I

believe that my current state was created by somebody else, or by forces outside my control, why

should I hold a vision? The central premise behind holding a vision is that somehow I can shape

my future, Systems thinking helps us see how our own actions have shaped our current reality,

thereby giving us confidence that we can create a different reality in the future.

A central theme of systems theory is that nonlinear relationships might exist between

variables. Small changes in one variable can cause huge changes in another, and large changes in

a variable might have only a nominal effect on another. The concept of nonlinearity adds

enormous complexity to our understanding of organizations. In fact, one of the most salient

argument against systems theory is that the complexity introduced by nonlinearity makes it

difficult or impossible to fully understand the relationships between variables.

EMPIRICAL REVIEW
Robert, David and Lori (2007) in their study they tried to clarify the impact of information
technology on individual and firm marketing performance, a theoretical model is presented
linking organization and end usertraits, information quality, system ∕service quality, industry
traits and tasks performed using a system toperception of organizational performance impact
through ease of system use, perceived individual performanceimpact, attitudes toward using the
system, and system use. The results indicate that measures of organizational traits,
individual traits, information quality, system ∕servicequality, industry traits and tasks performed
using the system impact perceived performance of the marketingorganization mediated
individual performance impact, attitudes toward using the system, and system use.
Kasasbeh (2007) study "The role of information technology in improving corporate
performance: A Case StudyJordanian Free Zones Corporation": This study aimed to determine
the role of information technology inimproving the efficiency of the performance of the Free
Zones Corporation Jordan during the period 1996 - 2005,The study found the following results:
Received an improvement in all elements of information technology, withthe difference in the
rates of improvement, No significant correlation between the size of the investment,hardware,
software, and workers in the field of information technology with all the effectiveness of
theinstitutional performance indicators except for the goal of return on cost. No impact for each
of the size ofthe investment, hardware, software, and workers in the field of information
technology at all effective institutionalperformance indicators except for the goal of return on
cost.
Al Meetany (2004) study The impact of the management information system to improve the
efficiency andeffectiveness of the Jordanian Commercial Banks: A Case Study of Arab Bank,
This study aimed to identify theimpact of management information system to improve the
efficiency and effectiveness of the Arab Bank from theperspective of both the staff and the Arab
Bank management and dealing with customers. Among the mostimportant findings of the study,
said that users of management information systems have a level technicians andhighly skilled
and qualifications and experience to enable them to perform their work to the fullest, and that
anappropriate degree of information provided by the systems used very high and reflected thus
on the effectivenessof decision-making that are meant to take, and that Arab Bank has efficiently
by providing hardware and softwarerequired for operation of the system, as evidenced by The
study on the existence of a positive relationshipbetween the linear size of investment in
management information systems and the bank's profits greater thevolume of investment in
management information systems increased the bank's profits.

Al Fawzan (2003) studies the modern information systems and their impact on the performance
of employees – asurvey on the General Customs Authority, Saudi Arabia. This study aimed
know the sources of information flowin the Customs Department, and the identification and
classification of internal and external information ofinterest, and find out the positive role of
systems use modern information on the performance of employees, aswell as knowledge of the
negative role of the systems use modern information on the performance of employees,Among
the most important findings of the study 61% of respondents do not know for specialized
trainingprograms in the field of modern information technology, and answered 24.2% of
respondents said that it is notalready present in the training programs, Lack of knowledge of staff
interest in e-commerce, Endorsed by 91.5%of respondents believed that the use of modern
information systems will contribute to the accuracy of thebusiness, Approved by 87% of
respondents believed that in the event of use slept interest information willimprove the
performance of modern interest, Approved by 87% of respondents believed that the use of
moderninformation systems will facilitate the work of the staff, The majority of respondents
agreed that there areadministrative and financial constraints, operational and psychological
facing the use of modern managementinformation systems of interest.
 SUMMARY
This study focuses onevaluation of the effect of management information system in banking
industry. and the major findings of the study are summarised below:
i. With Management Information System, accurate and well-presented information is
available to improve our productivity.
ii. Management Information System enables planning, coordinating, organizing and
controlling functions of management.
iii. Management information system has contributed to the development in banking industry
iv. Application of management information system improves customer service in banking
industry
v. Management Information Systems can be used to give updated information that may be
relied upon to make future decisions.
vi. Management Information System has a profound contribution on banking Operation

CONCLUSION
This study examined the effects of MIS on organizational performance using descriptive and

inferential statistical analytic techniques. The analysis above showed that Management

Information System is very important in an organisation because no organisation can survive

without information. Hence, the importance of Management Information System cannot be over

emphasized especially in the Banking sector in the 21st Century the world over.

Thus such information system needs to be strategically managed so as to bring about sound and

profitable organisation and thereby increase organisational chance of surviving. In the same vein,

there is a need for organisations to procure quality gadgets and tools that will enhance

effectiveness, efficiency and customers’ retention. This ensures quality service delivery and

productivity which is essential for any future- oriented organisation while the primary goals for

the effective adoption of MIS are not truncated.

This study reveals that MIS have a direct positive relationship with organizational performance.

Although the poise of evidence on the direct effect of innovation on performance is weighted

toward positive findings, previous research has not examined the possible mediating effects of

other variables. Therefore, this study’s revealed that there is a need for more extensive inquiry on

the innovation-performance relationship designed for facilitating organizational attributes and

processes.

Certainly, there are some evidence in previous research that raises the possibility of ‘‘pro-

innovation bias’’ such as Rogers (1995) such patterns of adoption, pasts and consequences of

different types of organisational change are not necessarily the same. Similarly, majority of

knowledge management adoption comes from the private sector. Other studies (Moore and

Hartley 2008; Walker 2008) are making progress in interpreting evidence on innovation types in

various organizations. Hence, this study showed that the adoption of MIS in an effective and

purpose driven scale will increase the chance of attaining set organisational goals.