Logic
Logic
Logic
Commutative p ∧ q ⇐⇒ q ∧ p p ∨ q ⇐⇒ q ∨ p
Associative (p ∧ q) ∧ r ⇐⇒ p ∧ (q ∧ r) (p ∨ q) ∨ r ⇐⇒ p ∨ (q ∨ r)
Distributive p ∧ (q ∨ r) ⇐⇒ (p ∧ q) ∨ (p ∧ r) p ∨ (q ∧ r) ⇐⇒ (p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r)
Identity p ∧ T ⇐⇒ p p ∨ F ⇐⇒ p
Negation p∨ ∼ p ⇐⇒ T p∧ ∼ p ⇐⇒ F
Double Negative ∼ (∼ p) ⇐⇒ p
Idempotent p ∧ p ⇐⇒ p p ∨ p ⇐⇒ p
Universal Bound p ∨ T ⇐⇒ T p ∧ F ⇐⇒ F
De Morgan’s ∼ (p ∧ q) ⇐⇒ (∼ p) ∨ (∼ q) ∼ (p ∨ q) ⇐⇒ (∼ p) ∧ (∼ q)
Absorption p ∨ (p ∧ q) ⇐⇒ p p ∧ (p ∨ q) ⇐⇒ p
Conditional (p =⇒ q) ⇐⇒ (∼ p ∨ q) ∼ (p =⇒ q) ⇐⇒ (p∧ ∼ q)
Rules of Inference
Modus Ponens p =⇒ q Modus Tollens p =⇒ q
p ∼q
∴q ∴∼ p
∼q q =⇒ r
∴p ∴ p =⇒ r
Generalization p =⇒ p ∨ q Specialization p ∧ q =⇒ p
q =⇒ p ∨ q p ∧ q =⇒ q
q ∴p
∴p∧q
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