BUS TICKET BOOKING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PROJECT

The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation is introducing ticket machines on buses. The

ticket machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by KSRTC

conductors. It would also end the practice of tearing out tickets and marking fare stages.

Instead, the KSRTC conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare stage and

the ticket machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs only 800 grams and is

convenient to carry. The parameters are almost like that of a railway ticket, the only

difference being that the machine is portable.

The machine can print out 2,300 tickets, including the journey report in order to facilitate

inspection by the corporation's checking inspectors. Each machine costs Rs. 10,000 to Rs.

12,000. The KSRTC has budgeted Rs. 2 cores for this innovative step which would have

the support of the Information Technology Department. In old days the KSRTC was

spending Rs. 85 lakhs on printing tickets. The ticket machines would help prevent loss on

account of malpractice. It would also help in providing adequate data to the corporation,

particularly with regard to the boarding of passengers from fare stages and important points.

This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more efficiently on the

basis of traffic demand. Besides, it would provide data on concessions given to various

sections. Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine could be fed into

the computer. More over the depots of the corporation would be fully computerized so we

want to add some other modules in our domain for depot’s verification.

The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation is introducing ticket machines on buses. The

ticket machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by KSRTC
conductors. It would also end the practice of tearing out tickets and marking fare stages.

Instead, the KSRTC conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare stage and

the ticket machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs only 800 grams and is

convenient to carry. The parameters are almost like that of a railway ticket, the only

difference being that the machine is portable.

The machine can print out 2,300 tickets, including the journey report in order to facilitate

inspection by the corporation's checking inspectors. Each machine costs Rs. 10,000 to Rs.

12,000. The KSRTC has budgeted Rs. 2 cores for this innovative step which would have

the support of the Information Technology Department. In old days the KSRTC was

spending Rs. 85 lakhs on printing tickets. The ticket machines would help prevent loss on

account of malpractice. It would also help in providing adequate data to the corporation,

particularly with regard to the boarding of passengers from fare stages and important points.

This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more efficiently on the

basis of traffic demand. Besides, it would provide data on concessions given to various

sections. Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine could be fed into

the computer. More over the depots of the corporation would be fully computerized so we

want to add some other modules in our domain for depot’s verification.

1. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

1.1 INTRODUCTION - BUS TICKET RESERVATION MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM
Electronic Bus Ticketing
The ticket machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks

carried by conductors. It would also end the practice of tearing out tickets and marking fare

stages. The Conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare stage and the
 ticket machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs only 800 grams and is

convenient to carry. The parameters are almost like that of a railway ticket, the only
difference being that the machine is portable. The machine can print out 2,300 tickets,

including the journey report in order to facilitate inspection by the corporation's checking

inspectors. The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account of malpractice. It would

also help in providing adequate data to the corporation, particularly with regard to the

boarding of passengers from fare stages and important points. This would help the

corporation prepare and organize its schedules more efficiently on the basis of traffic

demand. Besides, it would provide data on concessions given to various sections. Another

additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine could be fed into the computer. More

over the depots of the corporation would be fully computerized so we want to add some

other modules in our domain for depot’s verification.

This project is modularized as the following:

 Management of Route

 Trip Details

 Bus Details

 Bus Stops

 Bus Ticketing

1. Management of Routes

This module include information about how we can Manage the routes

for a particular bus services so In the case of Route management module we must know

the details about route number, number of stops ,fare stages and running time
of the particular bus more over we want to manipulate and stored these information

successfully.
2. Trip information
 Each journey is identified as a trip. Each ticket must contain the trip no so

that calculation of passenger can be done easily. Here in this section we want to know start
time and route no of the bus this information can be manipulate and stored successfully.

3. Bus Detail

In this module all bus details are stored and manipulated, in bus detail module

contains minimum charge, type, depot, fare increment, bus number, and passenger’s states

(child or adult) are manipulate and stored.

4. Bus Stops

Bus Stops module includes information about what are the main bus stops of a

particular bus. This module connected to the route of the bus and it is used to store stop

number, stop name and fare stages and Route number

5. Bus Ticketing

Ticketing is the most important module in this Project which uses all the tables

together and calculates fare for the passengers. Venting the tickets is done using the route

number, bus type, beginning stop, end stop, ticket number, persons(Adult/child)rate, date

and time also we want to print the all these information. In order to do the calculation data

has to be pulled out from stops, bus, trip and route. Number of passengers & the states are

entered by the Venter and to produce the tickets.

2. SYSTEM STUDY AND ANALYSIS - BUS TICKET RESERVATION

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
2.1 INTRODUCTION

System analysis is a process of gathering and interpreting facts,

diagnosing problems and the information to recommend improvements on the system. It is

a problem solving activity that requires intensive communication between the system users

and system developers. System analysis or study is an important phase of any system
development process. The system is studied to the minutest detail and analyzed. The

system analyst plays the role of the interrogator and dwells deep into the working of the
present system. The system is viewed as a whole and the input to the system are identified.

The outputs from the organizations are traced to the various processes. System analysis is

concerned with becoming aware of the problem, identifying the relevant and decisional

variables, analyzing and synthesizing the various factors and determining an optimal or at

least a satisfactory solution or program of action.

A detailed study of the process must be made by various techniques like interviews,

questionnaires etc. The data collected by these sources must be scrutinized to arrive to a

conclusion. The conclusion is an understanding of how the system functions. This system is

called the existing system. Now the existing system is subjected to close study and problem

areas are identified. The designer now functions as a problem solver and tries to sort out

the difficulties that the enterprise faces. The solutions are given as proposals. The proposal

is then weighed with the existing system analytically and the best one is selected. The

proposal is presented to the user for an endorsement by the user. The proposal is reviewed

on user request and suitable changes are made. This is loop that ends as soon as the user

is satisfied with proposal.

Preliminary study is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, using the

information for further studies on the system. Preliminary study is problem solving activity

that requires intensive communication between the system users and system developers. It

does various feasibility studies. In these studies a rough figure of the system activities can

be obtained, from which the decision about the strategies to be followed for effective system

study and analysis can be taken.

Here in the project E-Ticketing, a detailed study of existing system is carried along with all
the steps in system analysis. An idea for creating a better project was carried and the next

steps were followed.

2.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY - BUS TICKET BOOKING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 An important outcome of the preliminary investigation is the determination that the
system requested is feasible. Feasibility study is carried out to select the best system that

meets the performance requirements.

Feasibility study is both necessary and prudent to evaluate the feasibility of the project

at the earliest possible time. It involves preliminary investigation of the project and examines

whether the designed system will be useful to the organization. Months or years of effort,

thousand for millions of money and untold professional embarrassment can be averted if an

in-conceived system is recognized early in the definition phase.

The different types of feasibility are: Technical feasibility, Operational feasibility,

Economical feasibility.

2.2.1 Technical feasibility

Technical Feasibility deals with the hardware as well as software requirements.

Technology is not a constraint to type system development. We have to find out whether the

necessary technology, the proposed equipments have the capacity to hold the data, which

is used in the project, should be checked to carryout this technical feasibility.

The technical feasibility issues usually raised during the feasibility stage of

investigation includes these

 This software is running in windows 2000 Operating System, which can be

easily installed.

 The hardware required is Pentium based server.

 The system can be expanded.

2.2.2 Behavioral Feasibility

This feasibility test asks if the system will work when it is developed and installed.

Operational feasibility in this project:

 The proposed system offers greater level of user-friendliness.

 The proposed system produces best results and gives high performance. It

can be implemented easily .So this project is operationally feasible.

2.2.3 Economical feasibility

Economical Feasibility deals about the economical impact faced by the organization

to implement a new system. Financial benefits must equal or exceed the costs. The cost of

conducting a full system, including software and hardware cost for the class of application

being considered should be evaluated. Economic Feasibility in this project:

 The cost to conduct a full system investigation is possible.

 There is no additional manpower requirement.

 There is no additional cost involved in maintaining the proposed system.

2.3 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

2.3.1 Hardware Specification

Processor : Intel Pentium IV 2.4 GHZ or above

Clock speed : 500 MHZ

System bus : 32 bits

RAM : 256MB of RAM

HDD : 40 GB or higher
Monitor : SVGA COLOR
 Keyboard : 108 keys

Mouse : 2 button mouse

2.3.2 Software Specification

OS : MS WINDOWS XP SP2

Front End : Visual Basic 6.0

Back End : MS ACCESS 2003

2.4 EXISTING SYSTEM - BUS TICKET BOOKING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Existing system refers to the system that is being followed till now. The existing

system requires more computational time, more manual calculations, and the complexity
involved in Selection of features is high. The other disadvantages are lack of security of

data, Deficiency of Data accuracy, Time consuming etc. To avoid all these limitations and

make the working more accurately the system needs to be computerized. Here in the

Electronic bus ticketing, a detailed study of existing system is carried along with all the

steps in system analysis.

2.4.1 Draw backs of existing system.
Here in the Electronic bus ticketing, a detailed study of existing system is carried

along with all the steps in system analysis. An idea for creating a better project was carried
and the next steps were followed.

 Lack of security of data.

 More man power.

 Time consuming.
 Consumes large volume of pare work.

 Needs manual calculations.

 No direct role for the higher officials.
 Damage of machines due to lack of attention.

To avoid all these limitations and make the working more accurately the system needs to be

computerized.

2.5 PROPOSED SYSTEM - BUS TICKET RESERVATION MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM
The aim of proposed system is to develop a system of improved

facilities. The proposed system can overcome all the limitations of the existing system. The

system provides proper security and reduces the manual work. The existing system has

several disadvantages and many more difficulties to work well. The proposed system tries

to eliminate or reduce these difficulties up to some extent. The proposed system will help

the user to reduce the workload and mental conflict. The proposed system helps the user to

work user friendly and he can easily do his jobs without time lagging.

2.5.1 Advantages of Proposed System

The system is very simple in design and to implement. The system

requires very low system resources and the system will work in almost all configurations. It
has got following features

 Ensure data accuracy.

 Minimize manual data entry.

 Minimum time needed for the various processing

 Greater efficiency

 Better Service

 Minimum time required

 The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account of malpractice
 It would also help in providing adequate data to the corporation, particularly

with regard to boarding of passengers from fare stages and important

points

 This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more efficiently on

the basis of traffic demand.

 It would provide data on concessions given to various sections.

 Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine could be fed into the

computer.

3. SYSTEM DESIGN - BUS TICKET RESERVATION MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM
3.1 INTRODUCTION
System Design is the most creative and challenging phase in the system life cycle. Design
is the first step into the development phase for any engineered product or system. Design is a creative

process. A good design is the key to effective system. System design is a solution how to

approach the creation of a new system. System design transforms a logic representation of what is

required to do into the physical specification. The specification is converted into physical reality

during development.

3.2 LOGICAL DESIGN

The logical flow of a system and define the boundaries of a system. It includes the
following steps:

 Reviews the current physical system – its data flows, file content,
volumes, frequencies etc.

 Prepares output specifications – that is, determines the format, content and

Frequency of reports.

 Prepares input specifications – format, content and most of the input

functions.
  Prepares edit, security and control specifications.

 Specifies the implementation plan.

 Prepares a logical design walk through of the information flow, output, input,

controls and implementation plan.

 Reviews benefits, costs, target dates and system constraints.

3.3 PHYSICAL DESIGN - BUS TICKET RESERVATION

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Physical system produces the working systems by define the design specifications that
tell the programmers exactly what the candidate system must do. It includes the following

steps.

 Design the physical system.

 Specify input and output media.

 Design the database and specify backup procedures.

 Design physical information flow through the system and a physical design

Walk through.

 Plan system implementation.

 Prepare a conversion schedule and target date.

 Determine training procedures, courses and timetable.

 Devise a test and implementation plan and specify any new

hardware/software.

 Update benefits , costs , conversion date and system constraints

Design/Specification activities
 Concept formulation.
 Problem understanding.

 High level requirements proposals.

 Feasibility study.

 Requirements engineering.

 Architectural design.

3.4 INPUT DESIGN - BUS TICKET RESERVATION

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Input Design deals with what data should be given as input, how the data should
be arranged or code, the dialog to guide the operating personnel in providing input,

methods for preparing input validations and steps to follow when error occur. Input Design

is the process of converting a user-oriented description of the input into a computer-based

system. This design is important to avoid errors in the data input process and show the

correct direction to the management for getting correct information from the computerized

system. It is achieved by creating user-friendly screens for the data entry to handle large
volume of data. The goal of designing input is to make data entry easier and to be free from

errors. The data entry screen is designed in such a way that all the data manipulates can be
performed. It also provides record viewing facilities.

When the data is entered it will check for its validity. Data can be entered with the help of

screens. Appropriate messages are provided as when needed so that the user will not be in

maize of instant. Thus the objective of input design is to create an input layout that is easy

to follow.

In this project, the input design consists of a log in screen, tab for compression/
decompression, source and destination browsing button, a menu list for selecting the

algorithm, Compress/Decompress option, compress/decompress button.

 3.5 OUTPUT DESIGN - BUS TICKET RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
A quality output is one, which meets the requirements of the end user and presents the

information clearly. The objective of output design is to convey information about past

activities, current status or projections of the future, signal important events, opportunities,

problems, or warnings, trigger an action, confirm an action etc. Efficient, intelligible output
design should improve the system’s relationship with the user and helps in decisions

making. In output design the emphasis is on displaying the output on a CRT screen in a

predefined format. The primary consideration in design of output is the information

requirement and objectives of the end users. The major formation of the output is to convey

the information and so its layout and design need a careful consideration.

There is an output display screen for showing the compressed/ decompressed file or

folder details (Original file size, Compressed/Decompressed file size, distinct characters)

3.6 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM - BUS TICKET RESERVATION

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Data flow oriented techniques advocate that the major data items handled by a system

must be first identified and then the processing required on these data items to produce the

desired outputs should be determined. The DFD (also called as bubble chart) is a simple

graphical formalism that can be used to represent a system in terms of input data to the

system, various processing carried out on these data, and the output generated by the
system. It was introduced by De Macro (1978), Gane and Sarson (1979).The primitive

symbols used for constructing DFD’s are:

 Symbols used in DFD

3.7 DATABASE DESIGN - BUS TICKET RESERVATION

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
A database is an organized mechanism that has the capability of storing information

through which a user can retrieve stored information in an effective and efficient manner.

The data is the purpose of any database and must be protected.

The database design is a two level process. In the first step, user requirements are
gathered together and a database is designed which will meet these requirements as

clearly as possible. This step is called Information Level Design and it is taken independent

of any individual Database Management System (DBMS).

In the second step, this Information level design is transferred into a design for the

specific DBMS that will be used to implement the system in question. This step is called

Physical Level Design, concerned with the characteristics of the specific DBMS that will be
used. A database design runs parallel with the system design. The organization of the data

in the database is aimed to achieve the following two major objectives.

 Data Integrity

 Data independence

3.9 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION - BUS TICKET RESERVATION

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
3.9.1 Overview of Visual Basic and MS Access

The Control Properties

Before writing an event procedure for the control to response to a user's input, you have to
set certain properties for the control to determine its appearance and how it will work with
the event procedure. You can set the properties of the controls in the properties window or

at runtime.
Handling some of the common controls

The Text Box

The text box is the standard control for accepting input from the user as well as to display

the output. It can handle string (text) and numeric data but not images or pictures. String in

a text box can be converted to a numeric data by using the function Val(text). The following

example illustrates a simple program that processes the input from the user.

Example
In this program, two text boxes are inserted into the form together with a few labels. The two text
boxes are used to accept inputs from the user and one of the labels will be used to display the
sum of two numbers that are entered into the two text boxes. Besides, a command button is also
programmed to calculate the sum of the two numbers using the plus operator. The program use
creates a variable sum to accept the summation of values from text box 1 and text box 2.The
procedure to calculate and to display the output on the label is shown below.
The Label

The label is a very useful control for Visual Basic, as it is not only used to provide

instructions and guides to the users, it can also be used to display outputs. One of its most

important properties is Caption. Using the syntax label. Caption, it can display text and

numeric data . You can change its caption in the properties window and also at

runtime. Please refer to Example 3.1 and Figure 3.1 for the usage of label.

The Command Button

The command button is one of the most important controls as it is used to execute

commands. It displays an illusion that the button is pressed when the user click on it. The
most common event associated with the command button is the Click event, and the syntax

for the procedure is

Private Sub Command1_Click ()

Statements
End Sub

The Picture Box

The Picture Box is one of the controls that is used to handle graphics. You can load a

picture at design phase by clicking on the picture item in the properties window and select

the picture from the selected folder. You can also load the picture at runtime using
the LoadPicture method. For example, the statement will load the picture grape.gif into the

picture box.

Picture1.Picture=LoadPicture ("C:\VB program\Images\grape.gif")

You will learn more about the picture box in future lessons. The image in the picture box is

not resizable.

The Image Box

The Image Box is another control that handles images and pictures. It functions almost

identically to the picture box. However, there is one major difference, the image in an Image

Box is stretchable, which means it can be resized. This feature is not available in the Picture

Box. Similar to the Picture Box, it can also use the LoadPicture method to load the picture.

For example, the statement loads the picture grape.gif into the image box.

Image1.Picture=LoadPicture ("C:\VB program\Images\grape.gif")

The List Box - BUS TICKET RESERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The function of the List Box is to present a list of items where the user can click and select
the items from the list. In order to add items to the list, we can use the AddItem method.

For example, if you wish to add a number of items to list box 1, you can key in the following
statements
Example
Private Sub Form_Load ( )
List1.AddItem “Lesson1”

List1.AddItem “Lesson2”

List1.AddItem “Lesson3”

List1.AddItem “Lesson4”

End Sub

The items in the list box can be identified by the ListIndex property, the value of the

ListIndex for the first item is 0, the second item has a ListIndex 1, and the second item has

a ListIndex 2 and so on

The Combo Box - BUS TICKET RESERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The function of the Combo Box is also to present a list of items where the user can click and

select the items from the list. However, the user needs to click on the small arrowhead on

the right of the combo box to see the items which are presented in a drop-down list. In order

to add items to the list, you can also use the AddItem method. For example, if you wish to

add a number of items to Combo box 1, you can key in the following statements

Example

Private Sub Form_Load ( )

Combo1.AddItem “Item1”

Combo1.AddItem “Item2”

Combo1.AddItem “Item3”

Combo1.AddItem “Item4”

End Sub

The Check Box - BUS TICKET RESERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The Check Box control lets the user selects or unselects an option. When the Check Box is

checked, its value is set to 1 and when it is unchecked, the value is set to 0. You can
include the statements Check1.Value=1 to mark the Check Box and Check1.Value=0 to

unmark the Check Box, as well as use them to initiate certain actions. For example, the

program will change the background color of the form to red when the check box is

unchecked and it will change to blue when the check box is checked. You will learn about

the conditional statement If….Then….Elesif in later lesson. VbRed and vbBlue are color

constants and BackColor is the background color property of the form.

The Option Box

The Option Box control also lets the user selects one of the choices. However, two or more

Option Boxes must work together because as one of the Option Boxes is selected, the other

Option Boxes will be unselected. In fact, only one Option Box can be selected at one time.

When an option box is selected, its value is set to “True” and when it is unselected; its value

is set to “False”. In the following example, the shape control is placed in the form together

with six Option Boxes. When the user clicks on different option boxes, different shapes will

appear. The values of the shape control are 0, 1, and 2,3,4,5 which will make it appear as a

rectangle, a square, an oval shape, a rounded rectangle and a rounded square respectively.

Example

Private Sub Option1_Click ( )

Shape1.Shape = 0

End Sub

Private Sub Option2_Click()

Shape1.Shape = 1

End Sub
Private Sub Option3_Click()

Shape1.Shape = 2
End Sub

Private Sub Option4_Click()

Shape1.Shape = 3

End Sub

Private Sub Option5_Click()

Shape1.Shape = 4

End Sub

Private Sub Option6_Click()

Shape1.Shape = 5

End Sub

The Drive List Box

The Drive ListBox is for displaying a list of drives available in your computer. When you

place this control into the form and run the program, you will be able to select different

drives from your computer as shown in Figure 3.3

The Directory List Box

The Directory List Box is for displaying the list of directories or folders in a selected drive.

When you place this control into the form and run the program, you will be able to select

different directories from a selected drive in your computer as shown in Figure 3.4

The File List Box

The File List Box is for displaying the list of files in a selected directory or folder. When you

place this control into the form and run the program, you will be able to shown the list of files
in a selected directory as shown in Figure 3.5

You can coordinate the Drive List Box, the Directory List Box and the File List Box to search
for the files you want. The procedure will be discussed in later lessons.
 MS ACCESS 2003 - BUS TICKET RESERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Microsoft Access is a powerful program to create and manage your databases. It has many

built in features to assist you in constructing and viewing your information. Access is much

more involved and is a more genuine database application than other programs such as

Microsoft Works.
The keywords involved in the process are: Database File, Table, Record, Field, Data-type. Here
is the Hierarchy that Microsoft Access uses in breaking down a database.
4.2 TESTING - BUS TICKET RESERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Testing is a process of executing a program with the interest of finding an error. A good test is

one that has high probability of finding the yet undiscovered error. Testing should systematically
uncover different classes of errors in a minimum amount of time with a minimum amount of efforts.

Two classes of inputs are provided to test the process

1. A software configuration that includes a software requirement specification, a design specification

and source code.

2. A software configuration that includes a test plan and procedure, any testing tool and test cases and

their expected results.

Testing is divided into several distinct operations:

1. Unit Testing
Unit test comprises of a set tests performed by an individual program prior to the

integration of the unit into large system. A program unit is usually the smallest free
functioning part of the whole system. Module unit testing should be as exhaustive as

possible to ensure that each representation handled by each module has been tested. All
the units that makeup the system must be tested independently to ensure that they work as

required.
During unit testing some errors were raised and all of them were rectified and

handled well. The result was quiet satisfactory and it worked well.
2. Integration Testing
 Integration testing is a system technique for constructing the program structure while

at the same time conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing. The
objective is to take unit tested modules and build a program structure that has been dictated

by design. Bottom-up integration is the traditional strategy used to integrate the components

of a software system into functioning whole. Bottom-up integration consists

of unit test followed by testing of the entire system. A sub-system consists of several

modules that communicated with other defined interface.

The system was done the integration testing. All the modules were tested for their

compatibility with other modules .They test was almost successful. All the modules

coexisted very well, with almost no bugs. All the modules were encapsulated very well so as

to not hamper the execution of other modules.

3. Validation Testing

After validation testing, software is completely assembled as a package, interfacing

errors that have been uncovered and corrected and the final series of software test; the

validation test begins. Steps taken during software design and testing can greatly improve

the probability of successful integration in the larger system. System testing is actually a

series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully exercise the compute –based

system.
4. Recovery Testing

It is a system that forces the software to fail in a variety of ways and verifies that the recovery

is properly performed.

5. Security Testing

It attempts to verify that protection mechanisms built into a system will in fact protect it from
improper penetration. The system’s security must of course be tested from in vulnerability form

frontal attack.
6. Stress Testing
 Stress tools are designed to confront programs with abnormal situations. Stress testing

executes a system in a manner that demands resources in abnormal quantity and volume.

7. Black Box Testing

Black box testing is done to find out the following information as shown in below:

1. Incorrect or missing functions.

2. Interface errors.

3. Errors or database access.

4. Performance error.

5. Termination error.
The mentioned testing is carried out successfully for this application according to the user’s

requirement specification.
8. Test Data Output

After preparing test data, the system under study is tested using the test data. While testing

the system using test data, errors are again uncovered and corrected by using above testing and

corrections are also noted for future use.

6. CONCLUSION & FUTURE ENHANCEMENT - BUS TICKET
RESERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The project E-Ticketing is completed, satisfying the required design specifications. The

system provides a user-friendly interface. The software is developed with modular

approach. All modules in the system have been tested with valid data and invalid data and

everything work successfully. Thus the system has fulfilled all the objectives identified and
is able to replace the existing system. The constraints are met and overcome successfully.

The system is designed as like it was decided in the design phase. This software has a

user-friendly screen that enables the user to use without any inconvenience. The ticket

machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by conductors. Instead,
the conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare stage and the ticket

machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs only 800 grams and is convenient
to carry. The parameters are almost like that of a railway ticket, the only difference being
that the machine is portable. It would also help in providing adequate data to the

corporation, particularly with regard to the boarding of passengers from fare stages and
important points. This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more

efficiently on the basis of traffic demand. Besides, it would provide data on concessions

given to various sections. Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine

could be fed into the computer.

The application has been tested with live data and has provided a successful result.

Hence the software has proved to work efficiently.