plants for major highways

and major roads

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
 acacia
 Acacia (pronounced /əˈkeɪʃə/) is a genus of shrubs
and trees belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae of
the family Fabaceae, first described in Africa by the
Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus in 1773. The
plants tend to be thorny and pod-bearing, with sap
and leaves typically bearing large amounts of
tannins. The name derives from ακις (akis) which is
Greek for a sharp point, due to the thorns in the type-
species Acacia nilotica ("Nile Acacia") from Egypt.
 Acacias are also known as thorntrees, whistling
thorns or wattles, including the yellow-fever acacia
and umbrella acacias.
 There are roughly 1300 species of Acacia worldwide,
about 960 of them native to Australia, with the
remainder spread around the tropical to warm-
temperate regions of both hemispheres, including
Europe, Africa, southern Asia, and the Americas.
African tulip
 Spathodea is a monotypic genus in the flowering plant family
Bignoniaceae. The single species is Spathodea campanulata,
known as the Fountain Tree, "African tulip tree", Flame-of-the-
forest or Nandi Flame. It is a tree that grows between 7–25 metres
(23–82 ft) tall, native to tropical Africa. This tree is planted
extensively as an ornamental tree throughout the tropics and is
much appreciated for its very showy reddish-orange or crimson
(rarely yellow), campanulate flowers. It has the potential to
become an invasive species, however.
 The flower bud is ampule-shaped and contains water. These buds
are often used by children who play with its ability to squirt the
water. The sap sometimes stains yellow on fingers and clothes.
The open flowers are cup-shaped and holds rain and dew, making
them attractive to many species of birds. In Neotropical gardens
and parks, their nectar is popular with many hummingbirds, such
as the Black-throated Mango (Anthracothorax nigricollis), the
Black Jacobin (Florisuga fusca), or the Gilded Hummingbird
(Hylocharis chrysura). The wood of the tree is soft and is used for
nesting by many hole-building birds such as barbets.
 The generic name comes from the Ancient Greek word spathe, in
reference to the spadix-like calyx.
caballero
 In the genus Caesalpinia the most popularly planted
species is Caesalpinia pulcherrima. Common names
for this species include Poinciana, Peacock Flower,
Red Bird of Paradise, Mexican Bird of Paradise,
Dwarf Poinciana, Pride of Barbados, and
flamboyan-de-jardin. It is a shrub growing to 3 m tall,
native to tropical America. The leaves are bipinnate,
20-40 cm long, bearing 3-10 pairs of pinnae, each with
6-10 pairs of leaflets 15-25 mm long and 10-15 mm
broad. The flowers are borne in racemes up to 20 cm
long, each flower with five yellow, orange or red
petals. The fruit is a pod 6-12 cm long.
 It is a striking ornamental plant, widely grown in
tropical gardens. It is also the national flower of the
Caribbean island of Barbados, and is depicted on the
Queen's personal Barbadian flag
golden shower
 Gmelina arborea, (In English Beechwood,
Gmelina, Goomar teak, Kashmir tree, Malay
beechwood, White teak, Vemane ), locally
known as Gamhar, is a fast growing deciduous
tree, occurring naturally throughout greater part
of India at altitudes up to 1500 meters. It also
occurs naturally in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos,
Cambodia, Vietnam, and in southern provinces
of China, and has been planted extensively in
Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Malaysia, and on
experimental basis in other countries as well. It
is also planted in gardens and avenues.
 fire tree
 Fire tree (Morella faya, previously Myrica faya) is capable of forming
dense, single-species stands, devoid of all other plant life. Fire tree
is designated a noxious weed by the Hawaii Department of
Agriculture. It is bird-dispersed and able to colonize a wide range of
habitat due to its ability to alter soil chemistry.
 Fire tree is a major habitat modifier because it significantly increases
soil nitrogen levels. Not only does it successfully outcompete native
plant species, but it also makes habitats more suitable for other
invasive species because of increased soil fertility.
 Fire tree is present on at least five of the main Hawaiian islands, but
the species is especially widespread on the Big Island where
hundreds of acres are already infested. Morella faya is known to be
present on approximately 100 acres on Oahu. It is mainly confined
to The Nature Conservancy's Honouliuli Preserve and adjacent
lands in the Waianae Mountains. One lone tree was found in the
northern Koolau Mountains and subsequently eliminated.
 gemelina
 Gmelina arborea, (In English Beechwood,
Gmelina, Goomar teak, Kashmir tree, Malay
beechwood, White teak, Vemane), locally
known as Gamhar, is a fast growing deciduous
tree, occurring naturally throughout greater part
of India at altitudes up to 1500 meters. It also
occurs naturally in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos,
Cambodia, Vietnam, and in southern provinces
of China, and has been planted extensively in
Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Malaysia, and on
experimental basis in other countries as well. It
is also planted in gardens and avenues.
 camachile
 Pithecellobium dulce is a flowering plant native to Central and northern
South America. It is introduced and extensively naturalised in the
Caribbean, Florida, Guam and Southeast Asia. It is considered an invasive
weed in Hawaiʻi.
 It is known by the name Madras Thorn, but it is not native to Madras. The
name Manila Tamarind is misleading, since it is neither closely related to
tamarind, nor native to Manila. The name monkeypod is more commonly
used for the Rain Tree (Albizia saman). The tree is about 5 to 8 meters
high. Its trunk is spiny and its leaves are bipinnate. Each pinna has a single
pair of ovate-oblong leaflets that are about 2 to 4 cm long. The flowers are
greenish-white, fragrant, sessile and reach about 12 cm long though looks
shorter due to coiling. The flowers produce a pod with an edible pulp. The
seeds are black.
 The seeds are propagated via birds that feeds on the sweet pod. The
Manila tamarind is drought-resistant and can survive in dry land from sea
level to 300m elevation. Because of these characteristics they are usually
cultivated as street trees.
 mahogany
 Swietenia is a genus of trees in the mahogany family
Meliaceae. It occurs in the Neotropics, from southern
Florida, the Caribbean, Mexico and Central America
south to Bolivia. It is usually taken to consist of three
species, geographically separated. They are medium-
sized to large trees growing to 20-45 m tall, and up to 2
m trunk diameter. The leaves are 10-30 cm long,
pinnate, with 3-6 pairs of leaflets, the terminal leaflet
absent; each leaflet is 5-15 cm long. The leaves are
deciduous to semi-evergreen, falling shortly before the
new foliage grows. The flowers are produced in loose
inflorescences, each flower small, with five white to
greenish-yellowish petals. The fruit is a pear-shaped
five-valved capsule 8-20 cm long, containing numerous
winged seeds about 5-9 cm long.
 The three species are poorly defined biologically, in part
because they hybridize freely when grown in proximity.
mangium
 Acacia mangium is a species of flowering tree in the
pea family, Fabaceae, that is native to northeastern
Queensland in Australia, the Western Province of Papua
New Guinea, Papua, and the eastern Maluku
Islands.Common names include Black Wattle, Hickory
Wattle and Mangium. Its uses include environmental
management and wood. Acacia mangium grows up to
30 metres (98 ft) tall, often with a straight trunk. This tree
is widely used in Goa in the mining industry for
rehabilitation of the waste dumps as it is a drought
resistant species and binds the sterile mine waste
consisting of lateritic strata. Like many other legumes, it
is able to fix nitrogen in the soil. Acacia mangium has
about 142,000 seeds/kg.
 narra
Pterocarpus indicus (Pashu Padauk, Malay Paduak, 
New Guinea Rosewood, or, ambiguously, "Narra"
which can refer to several Pterocarpus species) is a
species of Pterocarpus native to southeastern Asia,
northern Australasia, and the western Pacific Ocean
islands, in Cambodia, southernmost China, East Timor,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the
Philippines, the Ryukyu Islands, the Solomon Islands,
Thailand, and Vietnam. Other names include Narra
(Philippines), Sonokembang (Indonesia), Angsana or
Sena (Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore), Tnug
(Cambodia).
palawan cherry
 " Palawan cherry is a small to medium-sized tree,15m or
taller and 50 cm in diameter. The leaves are pinnate, 40
cm long while the leaflets are ovate, with acute tip, 7 cm
long and 3.5 cm wide, green in color and smooth on both
surfaces. Flowering branches are usually drooping, 30
cm long. The flowers are in loose panicles. Light pink, 5
cm across. The fruit is cylindrical,hard, smooth, 30 cm
long, and black when mature while the seeds are ovate,
smooth and black when mature.

This plant is widespread in Palawan often planted in

parks and gardens, also at the edge of forests. It is
probably of hybrid origin and highly ornamental."
 adelfa
 Errect, smooth shrub, 1.5 to 3 mteters high
with a cream-colored sticky resinous juice.
Leaves are in whorls of 3 or 4, linear-
lanceolate, 10-15 cm long, with numerous
horizontal nerves. Flowers are showy, sweet-
scented, single or double, 4-5 cm in
diameter, white, pink or red, borne in
termianl inflorescense (cymes). Fruit is
cylindric, paired, with deep linear striations,
15-20 cm long. Seeds are numerous and
compressed, with a tuft of fine, shining,
white, silky hairs.
 bandera
Cannas, or canna lilies, look like banana trees without the trunk! That's no 
accident - they're kin to bananas and gingers, and their wide, furled leaves
come out of thick, multiple-eyed rhizomes, just like their larger, edible
cousins. Flowers are the main reason cannas are so highly prized, though.
The tropical Indian shot (Canna indica) was hybridized and backcrossed
with other Canna species, including the North American native, golden
canna (C. flaccida). These hybrids have been known as Canna X generalis,
or Canna X orchiodes, depending on flower characteristics, but they've
been crossed too, and the distinctions are now largely lost or forgotten.
Nowadays most experts include all the canna hybrids under Canna X
generalis. And indeed there are hundreds of named cultivars, ranging from
less than 30 in (76.2 cm) to more than 8 ft (2.4 m) in height, in colors from
creams to yellows, to oranges and reds, and with a colorful diversity of leaf
patterns as well. Some of the most striking cultivars have red or variegated
foliage. Canna flowers are asymmetrical, with three petals, three sepals and
three highly modified showy petal-like stamens. They come in a rainbow of
shades from yellows, oranges, reds and pinks. The flowers are followed by
a capsule with round, shotlike seeds.
 Bougainvillea
 Bougainvillea (pronounced /ˌbuːɡɨnˈvɪliə/) is a genus of flowering plants
native to South America from Brazil west to Peru and south to southern
Argentina (Chubut Province). Different authors accept between four and 18
species in the genus. The plant was discovered in Brazil in 1768, by
Philibert Commerçon, French Botanist accompanying French Navy admiral
and explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville during his voyage of
circumnavigation.
 They are thorny, woody, vines growing anywhere from 1-12 meters tall,
scrambling over other plants with their hooked thorns. The thorns are tipped
with a black, waxy substance. They are evergreen where rainfall occurs all
year, or deciduous if there is a dry season. The leaves are alternate, simple
ovate-acuminate, 4-13 cm long and 2-6 cm broad. The actual flower of the
plant is small and generally white, but each cluster of three flowers is
surrounded by three or six bracts with the bright colors associated with the
plant, including pink, magenta, purple, red, orange, white, or yellow.
Bougainvillea glabra is sometimes referred to as "paper flower" because the
bracts are thin and papery. The fruit is a narrow five-lobed achene.
mayana
 Erect, branched, fleshy annual herb, about
1 m high. Stems, purplish and 4-angled.
Leaves are blotched or colored, ovate, 5-
10 cm long, with toothed margins. Flowers
are purplish, numerous, in simple or
branched inflorescences, 15-30 cm long.
 pandan
 Erect, branched small tree, growing 3-5 meters, the
trunk bearing many prop roots. Leaves are spirally
crowded toward the ends of the branches, linear
lanceolate, slenderly long-acuminate, up to 1.5
meters long, 3-5 cm wide, the margrins and midrib
armed with sharp spiny teeth pointing toward the
apex of the leaf. The male inflorescence is fragrant,
pendulous, up to 0.5 meter long. Fruit is solitary,
pendulous, ellipsoid to globose-ellipsoid, about 20
cm long, composed of 50-75 obovoid, angular,
fibrous and fleshy drupes, 4-6 cm long, narrow
below and truncate at the apex
 purple heart
 Setcreasea pallida, or Purple Heart, a native of
Mexico, is named for the striking purple color of
the plant in full sun. The lance shaped leaves
will reach 7 inches (17.5 cm) long by 1 inch (2.5
cm) wide and are covered with pale hairs. The
fleshy stems are first erect, later lying on the
ground as a creeping herb, around 16 inches
(40 cm) long. They make an attractive basket
subject and can be used as an annual
groundcover in USDA zone 7.
 san francisco
 Codiaeum variegatum (Commonly called a
"croton", or "variegated croton") is a species of
plant in the Codiaeum Genus, which is a
member of the family Euphorbiaceae. It is
commonly used as a house plant.In the wild,
garden croton is an evergreen shrub that grows
to 10 ft (3.1 m) tall and has large, leathery, shiny
leaves. The cultivated garden crotons are
usually smaller and come in an amazing
diversity of leaf shapes and colors.
 tsitsirka
Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar Periwinkle) is a species of 
Catharanthus native and endemic to Madagascar. Synonyms
include Vinca rosea (the basionym), Ammocallis rosea, and
Lochnera rosea; other English names occasionally used include
Cape Periwinkle, Rose Periwinkle, Rosy Periwinkle, and "Old-maid".

In the wild, it is an endangered plant; the main cause of decline is 

habitat destruction by slash and burn agriculture. It is also however
widely cultivated and is naturalised in subtropical and tropical areas
of the world.
It is an evergreen subshrub or herbaceous plant growing to 1 m tall. 
The leaves are oval to oblong, 2.5–9 cm long and 1–3.5 cm broad,
glossy green, hairless, with a pale midrib and a short petiole 1–1.8
cm long; they are arranged in opposite pairs. The flowers are white
to dark pink with a darker red centre, with a basal tube 2.5-3 cm long
and a corolla 2–5 cm diameter with five petal-like lobes. The fruit is a
pair of follicles 2–4 cm long and 3 mm broad.
 zigzag plant
 Euphorbia tithymaloides (Redbird cactus or Devil's
backbone; syn. Pedilanthus tithymaloides) is a
succulent spurge.
 In the wild, it grows in North America and Central
America, but it is also kept as a houseplant. The cyathia
bracts of Euphorbia tithymaloides are pinkish-red of
colour, and resemble small birds, whence its name. It
has distinctive zig-zag stems, and comes in both green
and variegated forms. Leaves are pointed ovals about 2
inches long. They can grow to about 6 feet tall.
 In Perú, it is called cimora misha and is sometimes
added to psychedelic brews made from mescaline-
containing Trichocereus cacti. Its pharmacology is
unknown.