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    Chapter 3 Research Design and Methodology

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    BonJovi Mojica Artista
    This document discusses research design and methodology. It outlines different types of quantitative and qualitative research designs such as experimental, descriptive, correlational, causal comparative, phenomenological, ethnographic, and grounded theory. It also discusses sampling procedures like probability and non-probability sampling as well as specific sampling techniques. Data gathering methods like interviews, participant observation, and surveys are explained. Structured and unstructured interview styles as well as open-ended and closed-ended questions are also covered. Finally, common research instruments and statistical treatments for different research types are briefly mentioned.

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    Chapter 3 Research Design and Methodology

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    BonJovi Mojica Artista
    724 views3 pages
    This document discusses research design and methodology. It outlines different types of quantitative and qualitative research designs such as experimental, descriptive, correlational, causal comparative, phenomenological, ethnographic, and grounded theory. It also discusses sampling procedures like probability and non-probability sampling as well as specific sampling techniques. Data gathering methods like interviews, participant observation, and surveys are explained. Structured and unstructured interview styles as well as open-ended and closed-ended questions are also covered. Finally, common research instruments and statistical treatments for different research types are briefly mentioned.

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    This document discusses research design and methodology. It outlines different types of quantitative and qualitative research designs such as experimental, descriptive, correlational, causal comparative, phenomenological, ethnographic, and grounded theory. It also discusses sampling procedures like probability and non-probability sampling as well as specific sampling techniques. Data gathering methods like interviews, participant observation, and surveys are explained. Structured and unstructured interview styles as well as open-ended and closed-ended questions are also covered. Finally, common research instruments and statistical treatments for different research types are briefly mentioned.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    724 views3 pages

    Chapter 3 Research Design and Methodology

    Uploaded by

    BonJovi Mojica Artista
    This document discusses research design and methodology. It outlines different types of quantitative and qualitative research designs such as experimental, descriptive, correlational, causal comparative, phenomenological, ethnographic, and grounded theory. It also discusses sampling procedures like probability and non-probability sampling as well as specific sampling techniques. Data gathering methods like interviews, participant observation, and surveys are explained. Structured and unstructured interview styles as well as open-ended and closed-ended questions are also covered. Finally, common research instruments and statistical treatments for different research types are briefly mentioned.

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    Chapter 3 Research Design and methodology

    Research Design, refers to the overall blue print of your studies

    Quantitative Research Design


    - Descriptive Research – WH QUESTIONS
    - Correlational – Relationship
    - Causal Comparative – Cause and effect
    - Quasi experimental – “Almost experimental
    Experimental – True experimentation/scientific method.

    Types of qualitative designs


    Phenomenological studies – Examines Human Experiences
    Ethnographic studies – Cultures, tradition, behavior
    Grounded Theory – Theory – inductive and deductive approaches.
    Historical Studies – History, the beginning to the last of your studies
    Case Study Research – group of persons, qualities.

    Sampling Procedure

    Population – Kabuuang category ng respondents.


    Sample – Out of population

    Two types of sampling


    Non- probability sampling – more on qualitative , We are being bias
    Probability – Random Selection of respondents

    Non-probability
    Convenience Sampling – Process of picking out people in fastest way.
    Quota sampling – Specified numbers of persons of certain types are included in the sample.
    Snowball sampling – Respondence are hard to find.
    Purposive sampling – Most easy, Non-probability sample that is selected based on characteristics of a
    population and the objective of the study. purposive sampling is also known as judgmental, selective or
    subjective sampling.

    Probability sampling
    Simple Random sampling – Lottery or raffle type of sampling, randomly selected.
    Systematic sampling – Complete list of population, we’ll use intervals
    Stratified Random Sampling – Divided by group, any member
    Cluster Random Sampling – Divided by group and get the group
    Participants of the study
    IV. Data gathering procedures.
    - this section is the “how to” of the study.
    -Commonly used data gathering procedures
    - interview
    - Participants observations
    -Surveys

    Interviews
    Key informant Interview (KII) , Right person to interview. right person to give the idea
    Focus Group Discussion (FGD) – Gather respondents, round table

    Structured: Each participant is asked similar set of questions in a predetermined format.


    Unstructured: Unrehearsed and free flowing.

    General open-ended questions are asked to allow the participants to:


    Open-ended : Respondents ang bahala mag sagot
    Create, explore options for responding
    Voice their firsthand experiences and perspective

    Closed: Magchecheck ka nalang

    During the interview, information is recprded.


    Information is then transcribed for analysis.

    FGD: a small group interview (5-7 participants + 1 moderator); can be face to face or online
    - advantages
    Participants might be more willing to discuss the topic in front of their peers.
    Participants answers can inform others and group ideas might be generated for a more
    comprehensive results.
    Time constraints, accessibility and money matters will no longer be an issue.

    Participant Observation – allows the researcher to immerse himself into a social setting, enabling him to
    learn firsthand how:
    - The actions of participants are compatible with their words
    - Patterns of behaviors exist
    - Expected and unexpected experiences occur
    - trust, relationships, and obligations with others are developed.

    Surveys
    open-ended: Gives participants the opportunity to express their opinions and give detailed answers
    Close-ended: Gives the participants a set of response choices.
    V. Research instruments
    Questionnaire (survey)
    Key informant (Interview)
    FGD

    - Should be based on the research paradigm and statement of the problem.

    Research Matrix

    Statistical Treatment
    Descriptive Research
    - mean
    - Weighted mean
    - Percentage
    - Standard Deviation
    - Variance

    Comparative Research
    T-test
    Paired ( 2 dependent variable)
    Unpaired (2 independent variables)

    ANOVA ( Analysis of variance)


    Correlational Research

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