Phrasal Verbs PDF

List of Phrasal Verbs felsuqui@gmail.
com
L O P V

P M E/T
• abide by keep to rules, decisions, If you decide to do it, you’ll have to abide by their strict rules.
promises or agreements Si decides hacerlo tendrás que acatar sus estrictas normas.
• account for explain, give a good reason The storm accounts for the plane crash.
for something La tormenta explica el accidente aéreo.
• act like behave in a specific way Elena is acting like a fool today.
Elena se está comportando como una tonta hoy.
• act up misbehave Both kids have been acting up all day long.
Los dos chicos se estuvieron portando mal todo el día.
• add in include Please add Macarena in: she would like to go on the picnic tomorrow with
you all.
Por favor, incluyan a Macarena: ella quisiera ir al picnic de mañana con todos
ustedes.
• add up I. find the total of numbers I. You made a mistake when you were adding the bill up.
Cometió un error cuando sumó la cuenta.
II. to have sense II. ”I can’t understand this. It doesn’t add up”.
”No entiendo esto. No le encuentro sentido”.
• add up to result in, total It all adds up to this: she is entirely untrustworthy.
Todo se puede resumir así: ella no es para nada confiables.
• allow for take into consideration, All hunters allow for the possibility of boar bites.
take into account Todo cazador tiene en cuenta las mordeduras de los jabalíes.
• answer back answer a reproof impudently, Don’t answer back when your parents talk to you.
retort (colloquial) No contestes mal a tus padres cuando te están hablando.
• answer up reply clearly and without Jane answered up when the visitor addressed her.
any delay Jane respondió rápidamente cuando el visitante se dirigió a ella.
• answer up to have a ready reply (to) His wife answered up to every question the police asked her.
Su esposa respondió a cada pregunta que la policía le hizo.
• apply for ask for something One hundred subscribers have applied for a scholarship to study
our new OM COMPANY Business Course online.
Cien suscriptores han solicitado una beca para realizar por Internet
nuestro nuevo Curso de Negocios OM COMPANY.
• ask after someone ask about a person, his health, Lucy has asked after your mom.
etc. Lucy ha preguntado por la salud de tu mamá.
• ask down invite (a person) to come They asked me down to talk to them.
downstairs Me pidieron que bajara a hablar con ellos.
• ask for request The sales manager asked for a new extension.
El gerente de ventas solicitó un nuevo interno.
• ask in invite (a person) into a house Ask your new friend in; we would all like to meet him.
(usually separated) Haz pasar a tu nuevo amigo; todos queremos conocerlo.
• ask out invite (a person) to any form Barbara’s friends always ask her out.
of entertainment. Los amigos de Bárbara siempre la invitan a salir.
• ask up invite (a person) to come The invalid asked Ann up to talk to her.
upstairs La inválida le pidió a Ann que subiera a hablar con ella.
• back away move back slowly The robbers backed away when they saw the fierced dog.
(in the face of danger) Los ladrones retrocieron cuando vieron el perro enfurecido.
• back down give up a claim The claimant backed down and was content to take his share.
(in the face of danger) El reclamante se echó atrás y quedó satisfecho con su parte.
• back down from withdraw, avoid The new president never backs down from a challenge.
(in the face of danger) El nuevo presidente jamás se echa atrás ante un desafío.
• back off not follow a threat, She backed off when I insisted on paying for the damages.
(give up a claim) Se retractó cuando insistí en pagar los daños.
• back out break a promise Kevin promised me a trip, but he finally backed out of his promise.
Kevin me prometió un viaje pero al finalmente rompió su promesa.
• back out of withdraw from He had to back out of the deal owing to his recent misfortunes.
Debió retirarse del acuerdo debido a sus últimas desgracias.
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List of Phrasal Verbs felsuqui@gmail.com
P M E/T

• back up I. support (a claim or a person), I. All of us will back you up at the election.
confirm Todos te apoyaremos en las elecciones.
II. move in reverse, II. Could you please back up your car a little?
reverse a car ¿Podría retroceder (dar marcha atrás a) su auto un poco?
III. make a protection copy III. Before my computer crashed, I could back all my files up.
Antes de que mi computadora fallara pude proteger (hacer una
copia de seguridad de) todos mis archivos.
• bail out I. rescue I. If your son runs into difficulties, who will bail him out?
Si tu hijo se mete en aprietos, ¿quién lo va a salvar?
II. provide money for a II. A rich friend soon came and bailed Joe out.
person’s release from prison Enseguida apareció un amigo rico de Joe y pagó su fianza
• bale out I. escape from an aeroplane I. The pilot baled out when the aircraft fell in flames.
by parachute El piloto saltó en paracaídas cuando el avión se incendió.
II. remove water from a vessel II. We baled out for several hours until the boat was safe.
Sacamos agua durante varias horas hasta que el bote estuvo a salvo
• bandy about discuss lightly or jokingly I don’t like to hear my secrets being bandied about.
No me gusta que se anden revelando mis secretos.
• bank on depend on We all are banking on good weather next Monday.
Todos dependemos de que haga buen tiempo el próximo lunes.
• barge in intrude (slang) We were at a private meeting when she barged in.
Estábamos en reunión privada cuando ella se entrometió.
• bark out say petulantly She barked out the salesman, ”Why don’t you leave?”
Le espetó al vendedor, ”¿Por qué no se va de una vez?”.
• be about to be on the point of He is about to leave for Costa Rica.
(doing something) Está por salir para Costa Rica.
• be after search for, want (slang) I am after the truth of this problem.
Busco (Estoy detrás de) la verdad de este problema.
• be against be opposed to I’m against buying everything they offer you.
Estoy en contra de comprar todo lo que te ofrecen.
• be away be far from home, from this I’m afraid Sheila is away for the weekend.
place (for at least a night) Me temo que Sheila se fue por el fin de semana.
• be back have returned after a long Mr. Barter will be back in half an hour.
or short absence El Sr. Barter regresará en media hora.
• be behind with be late with You are already behind with your rent.
Ya te atrasaste con el alquiler.
• be down for have one’s name written Are you down for the OM Personal final examinations?
down or entered for ¿Te anotaste para los exámenes finales de OM Personal?
• be down in have failed in (slang) Poor Mary is down in French and Maths.
Pobre Mary, le fue mal (la reprobaron) en Francés y Matemáticas.
• be for be in favour of I’m for doing nothing till the police arrive.
Estoy a favor de no hacer nada hasta que llegue la policía.
• be in be at home, be here or there I want to see Mr. Delaware. Is he in?
in this or that building Necesito ver al Sr. Delaware. ¿Se encuentra aquí?
• be in for be about to have or experience The pilot has just said that we are in for a bumpy flight.
(usually something unpleasant) El piloto acaba de anunciar que vamos a tener un vuelo movido.
• be in with be friendly with His father is in with the manager.
Su padre anda bien (tiene buena relación) con el gerente.
• be off I. go away (colloquial) I. She is off now. Call her later.
No se encuentra ahora. Llámela más tarde.
II. have gone bad (colloquial) II. This milk is off; throw it away.
Esta leche está mal; tírala.
III. be free from duty III. He promised to see me when she was off.
Prometió venir a verme cuando no esté ocupado.
IV. be cancelled (colloquial) IV. The meeting scheduled for tonight is now off.
La reunión programada para esta noche está cancelada.
V. start V. The movie is off now!
¡Ya comienza la película!
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P M E/T

• be on I. be on duty (colloquial) I. They are on from 2 pm to 6 pm.
Están ocupados desde las 2 hasta las 6 de la tarde.
II. agree (colloquial) II. We are swimming soon. Are you on?
Pronto vamos a ir a nadar. ¿Estás de acuerdo?
• be out I. be away from home I. Mrs. Dennys is out at the moment.
(for a short time, not overnight) La Sra. Dennys está afuera en estos momentos.
II. be mistaken, be wrong II. The accountant was out in his budget.
El contador se equivocó en el presupuesto.
III. be published III. Her book is already out.
Ya se ha publicado su libro.
IV. be no longer burning IV. Is the fire out?
¿Ya apagaron el incendio?
V. be beyond consideration V. I’m so busy that even a short holiday is out.
(colloquial) Estoy tan ocupado que hasta una corta vacación es imposible.
• be out for be seeking (colloquial) Sheila is out for a good time.
Sheila está buscando pasarla bien.
• be out of I. be away from I. He is out of Buenos Aires at the present.
No se encuentra en Buenos Aires actualmente.
II. have finished, have II. I am out of sugar and coffee.
exhausted the supply of Me quedé sin azúcar y café.
• be over be finished The storm is over now. We can go on.
Terminó la tormenta. Podemos seguir.
• be through with have finished with (colloquial) I am through with you for good and all.
Para bien o para mal he terminado contigo.
• be up I. have risen, be out of bed I. She won’t be up till 11 am today.
No se va a levantar hasta las 11 de la mañana hoy.
II. be happening II. What’s up? Why did you scream?
¿Qué ocurrió? ¿Por qué gritaste?
III. be finished III. Your time is up. You must return now.
(used only of time) Tu tiempo se acabó. Debes regresar ahora.
• be up against compete against, be facing, Mankind is always up against Nature.
be opposite La Humanidad compite permanentemente con la Naturaleza.
• be up and about be out of bed and active, Mr Rivers is much better now: he is already up and about.
be convalescent (from illness) El Sr. Rivers se encuentra mucho mejor ahora: ya anda por allí.
• be up to I. be doing, be busy with I. Martha is very quiet. Go and see what she is up to.
Martha está muy silenciosa. Anda a ver en qué está haciendo.
II. feel able to, be fit for II. My doctor said that I was not up to making such a long flight.
El médico me dijo que no estoy en condiciones de hacer un vuelo tan largo.
III. be someone’s responsibility III. It is up to you to teach your children manners.
Es tu responsabilidad enseñarles buenos modales a tus hijos.
• be well up in be well versed in, know He is well up in movie business: ask him about this film.
thoroughly Conoce muy bien el negocio del cine: pregúntale sobre esta película.
• bear away win Our team bore away the championship.
Nuestro equipo ganó el campeonato.
• bear out confirm This report bears out my theory about the murder.
Este informe confirma mi teoría acerca del asesinato.
• bear up support bad news, Try to bear up even if you feel sick.
not despair Trata de aguantar aunque te sientas enfermo.
• bear with be patient with Please, kindly bear with the delay.
Por favor, tenga paciencia con la demora.
• beat down force someone to lower He asked me $ 1000 for the tree, but I beat him down to $ 600.
his prices Me pidió $ 1000 por el árbol pero logré hacérselo bajar a $ 600.
• beat off repel The villagers could beat off (back) several attackes in the past.
• beat back Los pobladores lograron rechazar varios ataques en el pasado.
• beat up I. strike so. severely I. This fellow has beat up several boys at school.
Este tipo ya le pegó a varios muchachos en la escuela.
II. mix thoroughly II. Beat up the ingredients and then boil everything
Mezcla bien todos los ingredientes y luego hierve todo.
• beg off decline, ask to be excused Marly begged off from her engagement to come to the party.
Marly pidió que disculpáramos su compromiso de venir a la fiesta.
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P M E/T

• block up obstruct so as to make Bank deposits in Perú were blocked up in December 2005.
access impossible Los depósitos bancarios de Perú fueron bloqueados en Diciembre de 2005.
• blow out extinguish, put out a flame The wind blew out the candle (or The wind blew the candle out).
by blowing El viento apagó la vela.
• blow over pass All these troubles will soon blow over.
Todos estos problemas pronto pasarán.
• blow up I. destroy by explosion, explode I. Suddenly the whole barrel blew up.
El barril explotó repentinamente.
II. fill with air, inflate, pump up II. Laura’s father blew up all the balloons for the party.
El padre de Laura infló todos los globos para la fiesta.
III. become angry III. He blew up when his seceretary told him about the mistake.
Estalló cuando su secretaria le comentó acerca del error.
IV. arise IV. A storm suddenly blew up in the Caribbean.
De pronto estalló una tormenta en el Caribe.
• boil away I. continue boiling I. The water has been boiling away for the last ten minutes.
Hace diez minutos que está hirviendo el agua.
II. boil until all liquid has II. The milk has all boiled away.
evaporated Se ha evaporado toda la leche.
• boil down to can be reduced to All his ideas boil down to imaginary thoughts.
(colloquial) Todas sus ideas pueden reducirse a pensamientos imaginarios.
• boil over boil and flow over the sides The milk boiled over and there was a horrible smell of burning.
of the container Se derramó la leche hervida y había un espantoso olor a quemado.
• bone up on review, study thoroughly If you are going to Paris try to bone up on your Frenchg.
Si vas a París trata de ponerte a repasar tu francés.
• border on be near, be next to Their excitement bordered on dangerous hysteria.
Su excitación estaba al límite de una peligrosa histeria.
• bounce back recover Helen’s husband bounced back from his defeat.
El esposo de Helen se recuperó de su frustración.
• bow out of withdraw They finally bowed out of the car race.
Finalmente abandonaron la carrera de autos.
• branch out begin or develop a new business Our company branched out and has two agencies in Brazil.
Nuestra empresa se expandió y tiene dos sucursales en Brasil.
• break down I. smash, demolish I. The thieves broke down the front door.
Los ladrones derribaron la puerta de entrada.
II. stop functioning, II. The engine has broken down.
stop working El motor ha dejado de funcionar (se ha averiado).
III. collapse through ill-health III. When she heard the news, she broke down and wept.
or great emotion, lose control Cuando supo las noticias se derrumbó y se largó a llorar.
IV. analyse IV. Could you break down these information into age-groups?
¿Podrías distribuir estos datos por edad grupal?.
• break in I. enter by force I. Two thieves broke in and stole the car.
(also break into) Entraron dos ladrones y robaron el auto.
II. interrupt someone II. I was telling Paul about Venice when she broke in.
(colloquial) Le estaba contando a Paul sobre Venecia cuando ella interrumpió.
III. tame, train for use III. It took many men to break in that wild horse.
train to labour Domesticar a ese caballo salvaje ocupó a varios hombres.
• break off I. separate by breaking I. He took the chocolate and broke off a piece.
Tomó el chocolate y cortó un trozo.
II. stop, disrupt II. Before the war some countries broke off diplomatic relations.
Antes de la guerra muchas naciones rompieron sus relaciones diplomáticas.
• break out I. escape by using force I. Several prisoners managed to break out of prison.
Varios prisioneros se ingeniaron para escapar de la cárcel.
II. suddenly begin wars, II. War broke out in 1939.
fires, epidemics La guerra comenzó en 1939.
III. appear suddenly III. The sun finally broke out and the rain stopped.
Finalmente salió el sol y dejó de llover.
IV. utter, exclaim IV. Suddenly he broke out into terrible curses
De pronto estalló en terribles maldiciones.
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P M E/T

• break up I. break into pieces I. The old ship was broken up by the waves.
El viejo barco fue desintegrado por las olas.
II. stop, finish II. Classes broke up and students went back home.
Terminaron las clases y los estudiantes regresaron a sus hogares.
III. depart, disperse III. The police managed to break the angry crowd up.
(separable when transitive) La policía se arregló para dispersar a la multitud enojada.
IV. break a relationship IV. Mary and James broke up their engagement.
Mary y James rompieron su compromiso.
• breathe in inhale We went out to the garden and breathed in the fresh air.
Salimos al jardín y respiramos el aire puro.
• breathe out exhale Jane breathed out a sigh of relief when she saw her son was in.
Jane exhaló un suspiro cuando vio que su hijo estaba adentro.
• bring about cause to happen What has brought about all this disaster?
¿Qué ocasionó este desastre?
• bring around I. persuade someone to I. Finally I brought him around to my point of view.
agree with one’s proposal Finalmente pude convencerlo acerca de mi opinión.
II. restore to consciousness II. This medicine will soon bring her around.
Este medicamento la revivirá (hará volver en sí) pronto.
III. bring to your house III. I’ll bring your book around tonight.
Esta noche te llevo el libro a tu casa.
• bring back I. recall (usually not I. He always brings back his trip to Paris.
separated with a noun) Siempre añora (le viene a la mente) su viaje a París.
II. return II. She brought back her four library books.
Ella devolvió los cuatro libros a la biblioteca.
• bring down lower, reduce Finally the artist brought his price down
Finalmente el artista redujo el precio.
• bring forward I. introduce, propose I. Who brought this matter forward?
¿Quién sacó (trajo a colación) este tema?
II. carry figures to II. You must bring forward last month’s total on to page 25.
the next page Tienes que trasladar los totales del mes pasado a la página 25.
• bring in I. introduce I. The foreigners brought in many customs.
Los inmigrantes introdujeron muchas costumbres.
II. produce as profit, yield II. The sale has brought in an interesting sum.
La venta rindió una suma interesante.
III. earn III. His business brings in a lot of money every month.
Su negocio produce mucho dinero mensualmente.
IV. pronounce a verdict IV. The jury brought in a verdict of not guilty.
El jurado se pronunció con un veredicto de no culpable.
• bring off accomplish something I thought Doris couldn’t pass the FCE but she brought it off.
very difficult Pensé que Doris no podría aprobar el FCE pero lo logró.
• bring out publish When are you bringing out your next novel?
¿Cuando publicarás tu próxima novela?
• bring up I. educate, raise, rear I. Bringing up children is never easy.
Educar a los niños nunca es fácil.
II. mention as a topic II. We decided to bring the matter up at the next meeting.
of discussion Decidimos mencionar el tema en la próxima reunión.
• brush up polish, revise I’m trying to brush my English up.
Estoy intentando mejorar (pulir) mi Inglés.
• brush up on refresh knowledge of, I’m traveling to Canada soon. I must brush up on my French.
review Pronto viajaré a Canadá. Tengo que refrescar mis conocimientos de Francés.
• buckle down work seriously You may fail your TOEFL exam if you don’t buckle down.
Puedes fracasar en tu examen TOEFL si no te pones a estudiar en serio.
• build on I. develop from I. The new manager wants to build on the company success.
El nuevo gerente quiere tomar como base el éxito de la compañía.
II. add an extension II. When the new extension is built on, the factory will be huge.
to a building Cuando se construya la nueva ampliación la fábrica será enorme.
• burn down destroy by fire The rebels burnt down all the cottages.
(used of buildings) Los rebeldes incendiaron todas las casas.
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P M E/T

• burn up I. become destroyed by fire I. Her pictures burned up when the apartment set on fire.
Sus cuadros se quemaron cuando el departamento se incendió.
II. cause someone II. It burns me up when people is so rude!!
to become very angry ¡¡Me saca de quicio cuando la gente es tan grosera!!
• burst into suddenly enter Four thieves burst into the meeting room last night.
Anoche cuatro ladrones irrumpieron en la sala de reuniones.
• burst out suddenly show emotion He burst out laughing at the end of the speech.
Se largó a reír al final del discurso.
• butt in interrupt impolitely Sheila butts in all the time so you cannot talk with comfort.
a conversation Sheila interrumpe todo el tiempo y no puedes hablar con comodidad.
• butter up flatter, praise dishonestly We buttered him up to see if he would agree to our proposal.
Lo adulamos para ver si aceptaba nuestra propuesta.
• button up fasten with buttons He buttoned his jacket up easily.
Se abotonó el saco con facilidad.
• buy up buy everything He brought up the entire stock of Italian wines.
Se compró toda la existencia de vinos italianos.
• call at visit a place for a short time I called at the bank to transfer some money.
Pasé por el banco para transferir algo de dinero.
• call for I. visit a place to collect I. Tom is calling for me at 8 pm.
someone or something Tom me pasa a buscar a las 8 de la noche.
II. require, demand II. This situation calls for tact and a deep investigation.
Esta situación requiere tacto y una investigación a fondo.
• call in send for someone to come It was too late to call in an electrician.
ask to assist Era demasiado tarde para llamar (hacer venir) a un electricista.
• call off I. cancel something that has been I. The couple decided to call off the wedding.
scheduled, not started Los jóvenes decidieron cancelar el casamiento.
II. divert, distract II. Please, call off your dog at once!!
¡¡Por favor distraiga ya a su perro!!
• call on I. ask someone to do I. The president called on his people to make some sacrifices.
something El presidente convocó a su gente a hacer algún sacrificio.
II. visit II. Call on me if you have any problems.
Venga a verme si tiene problemas.
• call out I. shout, cry, exclaim I. They called my name out.
Me gritaron (llamaron a los gritos) por mi nombre.
II. summon troops for action II. The Fire Brigade was called out twice during the night.
La Brigada de Incendios fue citada dos veces durante la noche.
• call up I. remember, recollect I. The old man is calling up many memories.
El anciano se la pasa recordando el pasado.
II. summon for military service II. Here men are called up at 18.
Aquí llaman a los hombres para el servicio militar a los 18 años.
III. telephone someone III. I called Tom up and told him the news.
Lo llamé por telefóno a Tom para comentarle las novedades.
• call upon visit someone for a short time Yesterday they called upon the ambassador.
Ayer visitaron al embajador.
• calm down become less agitated Veronica is really upset. I’ll try to calm her down.
Verónica está absolutamente disgustada. Trataré de calmarla.
• care about be concerned about This movie star cares about his reputation.
A esta estrella de cine le preocupa su fama.
• care for I. like, want I. He doesn’t care for films about war.
No le interesan las películas de guerra.
II. look after, take care of II. This house looks well cared for.
Esta casa se ve bien cuidada (en buenas condiciones).
• carry on I. continue I. The widow carried on as if nothing had happened.
La viuda continuó como si nada hubiese ocurrido.
II. continue with II. Both brothers carried on with their boring conversation.
Los dos hermanos continuaron con su aburrida conversación.
• carry out perform, put in practice It is not easy to carry out this task.
No es fácil poner en práctica esta tarea.
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P M E/T

• cast up calculate, add The accountant will cast up all the figures in this book.
El contador sumará todas las cifras en este libro.
• catch on I. become popular; be widely I. The fashion of wearing bow ties is catching on.
accepted Se está poniendo de moda usar moños de corbata.
II. understand (slang) II. He saw the old lady and suddenly caught on.
Vio a la anciana y comprendió de inmediato.
• catch up with overtake but not pass, I started last but I soon caught up with the others.
stop being behind Arranqué último pero pronto alcancé (me puse a la altura de) los demás.
• cater for provide with things desired Our company caters for every kind of food for planes.
Nuestra empresa provee todo tipo de alimentos para aviones.
• check in register one’s arrival You must check in at the front desk.
Tienes que registrarte en la recepción.
• check off make a mark on a list to She checked off all the things she had packed up.
indicate completed things Ella tildó (marcó) todas las cosas que había empacado.
• check out I. register one’s departure I. Please, leave the key here when you check out.
Tenga a bien dejar aquí la llave cuando se retire.
II. verify, investigate II. Can you check out this information?
¿Podrías verificar esta información?
• cheer on cheer, encourage She promised to be there to cheer us on.
Prometió estar allí para darnos ánimo.
• cheer up help someone feel less Cheer up! Everything will be all right.
worried or happier ¡Alégrate! Todo va a andar bien.
• chew out scold someone severely His father chewed him out when he arrived so late.
Su padre lo reprendió severamente cuando llegó tan tarde.
• chicken out lose the courage or confidence I was going to ask him for a job, but I chickened out.
to do something Estaba por pedirle un trabajo pero no tuve el coraje.
• chip in contribute, donate My mother is collecting donations for the cause. I’m sure you want to chip in.
Mi madre está juntando fondos para la causa. Estoy seguro que quieres contribuir.
• chop down fell; cut down by delivering They finally chopped down the old oak tree.
a blow Finalmente talaron (derribaron) el antiguo roble.
• chop up cut into small pieces She chopped the meat up for the stew.
Cortó la carne en pedacitos para el guiso.
• clam up refuse to talk about When I try to talk about her divorce, Mary just clams up.
something Cuando intento hablar de su divorcio, Mary enmudece (rehusa hablar).
• clean down brush or wask a wall, car, etc He spent all day cleaning my car down.
Me pasé el día limpiando el auto.
• clean out make clean and tidy The maid will soon clean out the cupboard.
La mucama enseguida ordenará (dejará ordenado) el aparador.
• clean up tidy This painters always clean up when they’ve finished.
Estos pintores siempre dejan todo ordenado después de pintar.
• clean up after tidy for She spent half a day cleaning up after the children.
Se pasó medio día ordenando lo que dejaron los niños.
• clear away I. remove or get rid of articles I. He cleared away (off, out) the old records.
• clear off (in order to make space) Se deshizo de (tiró) los discos viejos.
• clear out II. disperse II. ”You clear away (off, out) immediately”, shouted the farmer.
El granjero gritó, ”¡Salga de aquí inmediatamente!”.
• clear up I. become finer or bright I. When the weather clears up, we’ll go to the movies.
Cuando mejore el tiempo iremos al cine.
II. tidy up II. Please, clear up all this mess.
Por favor, despeja (ordena) todo este lío de cosas.
III. finish III. I have some letters to be cleared up before I leave.
Tengo algunas cartas para terminar antes de irme.
IV. solve a mystery IV. The detective finally cleared up the mystery.
El detective finalmente resolvió el misterio.
V. used when introducing V. You must clear up Customs when you come from abroad.
import goods Tienes que pasar por Aduana cuando llegas de otro país.
• clock in register one’s arrival in a clock The workmen here clock in from 6 am to 6.30 am.
(in factories) Aquí los obreros marcan su entrada de 6 a 6.30 de la mañana.
7
P M E/T

• clock off register one’s departure in a clock Our workmen clock off (out) at 3 pm.
• clock out (in factories) Nuestros operarios marcan su salida a las 3 de la tarde.
• close down shut permanently Trade here is so bad that many shops close down.
El comercio aquí es tan pobre que muchos negocios cierran definitivamente.
• close in come nearer, approach from As the mist was closing in (on) we decided to stay there.
• close on all sides, surround Como la niebla se aproximaba decidimos quedarnos allí mismo.
• close up I. close completely, block I. The old road has been closed up.
Han clausurado la vieja ruta.
II. come nearer to one another II. Please children, close up a bit for another boy on this seat.
Por favor niños, júntense un poco para hacer lugar a otro.
• cloud over become overcast Although it clouded over (up) in the afternoon, the rain stayed away
and we could play in the garden.
• cloud up Aunque se nubló por la tarde, la lluvia se mantuvo alejada y pudimos
jugar en el jardín.
• come about happen It came about that we both left Spain on the same plane.
Ocurrió que los dos salimos de España en el mismo avión.
• come across I. meet accidentally I. I met across several old friends at the meeting.
En la reunión me encontré con varios viejos amigos.
II. find unexpectedly, II. I will tell you if I come across the book you are looking for.
by chance Te avisaré si encuentro el libro que estás buscando.
• come along I. progress I. How is your new novel coming along?
¿Cómo anda tu novela nueva?
II. hurry II. Come along now, or we’ll be late.
Vamos ya o llegaremos tarde.
• come away I. leave I. Come away now. It’s time to go home.
Salgamos ya. Es hora de ir a casa.
II. become detached II. The knob of the CD player came away in my hands.
La perilla del reproductor de CDs se salió (cayó en mis manos).
• come back return I shall be waiting for you when you come back.
Te estaré esperando cuando regreses.
• come down descend Mrs. Blair will come down in five minutes.
La Sra. Blair bajará en cinco minutos.
• come down to can be reduced to Your choices come down just to these two alternatives.
Tus posibilidades de elección ser reducen a dos alternativas.
• come down with become ill with My wife came down with the flu.
Mi esposa cayó engripada.
• come in I. enter I. Come into my garden and I shall show you my new roses.
Ven al jardín que te mostraré mis nuevas rosas.
• come into II. become fashionable II. Short skirts have come in this year.
Este año se han puesto de moda las polleras cortas.
• come off I. be detached I. The minute hand of my watch has come off.
Se salió la aguja minutera de mi reloj.
II. be successful II. Your plan has come off after all.
Después de todo tu plan dió buenos resultados.
III. take place III. When is the wedding coming off? Next month?
¿Cuándo es el casamiento? ¿El mes próximo?
IV. be taken off, IV. This play is coming off next week.
stop functioning Esta obra de teatro deja de representarse la semana que viene.
• come out I. be revealed I. The whole truth finally came out.
Finalmente se supo toda la verdad.
II. be published II. Her new book will come out next week.
Su nuevo libro será publicado la semana próxima.
III. disappear III. Tomato stains do not usually come out.
Las manchas de tomate no salen fácilmente.
IV. result IV. Everything has come out as we wanted.
stop functioning Todo salió como deseábamos.
• come over come to one’s house, Come over and have tea with us.
visit casually Ven a tomar el té con nosotros.
8
P M E/T

• come round I. recover consciousness I. The cyclist came round after two hours.
El ciclista volvió en sí después de dos horas.
II. come to my house II. I could come round tonight if you are not busy.
Podría pasar por tu casa esta noche si no estás ocupado.
III. finally accept III. Lina refused to study abroad but she came round in the end.
Lina no quería estudiar en el extranjero pero al final aceptó.
• come to I. regain consciousness I. After he fainted he came to himself very quickly.
Después de desmayarse volvió en si rápidamente.
II. total II. Your purchase comes to $60. Will you pay with a credit card?
Su compra asciende a $60. ¿Va a pagar con tarjeta de crédito?.
• come up I. ascend, rise to the surface I. Come up and take a look at the bedroom.
Subir a ver el dormitorio.
II. be mentioned, arise II. The question of my salary came up at the meeting.
En la reunión se mencionó el tema de mi sueldo.
III. approach III. The stranger came up and asked me the time.
El extraño se acercó y me preguntó la hora.
• come up against meet an obstacle They have come up against many difficulties lately.
Ellos han tropezado con muchas dificultades últimamente.
• come upon discover We finally came upon a small lake near the Andes.
Finalmente descubrimos un pequeño lago cercano a los Andes.
• come up to I. be equal to I. His work does not come up to Mary’s.
Su trabajo no se compara con el de Mary.
II. come close enough to talk, II. The policeman came up to me and said, ”You can’t park here.
approach Please, park over there”.
El agente se me acercó y dijo, ”No puede estacionar aquí.
Por favor estacione más allá”.
• come up with produce OM Personal comes up with many alternatives to the Spanish
speakers who need to learn English.
OM Personal ofrece muchas alternativas para los hispano-
parlantes que necesitan aprender inglés.
• confide in share a secret The two friends have always confided in each other.
Los dos amigos se han confiado siempre sus secretos.
• cook up concoct (slang) How did you mnage to cook up such a fantastic excuse?
¿Cómo te las ingeniaste para tramar semejante excusa?
• cool down become cool or calm They could cool down the angry parent after some minutes.
Después de unos minutos lograron calmar al padre enojado.
• cope with deal with problems He could cope with that difficult situation.
Pudo hacer frente a esa difícil situación.
• cordon off block The police cordoned off this area.
La policía clausuró (bloqueó) esta zona.
• count in include (usually separated) You can count me in for the picnic.
Pueden incluirme para el picnic.
• count on rely on, depend on You can count on me; I won’t fail you.
Puedes contar conmigo; no te voy a fallar.
• count out exclude (usually separated) Please, count me out for the birthday present.
Por favor, no me incluyas para el regalo de cumpleaños.
• count up add up figures Count these figures up once more.
Suma estos números una vez más.
• creep up on approach undetected Old age tends to creep up on one.
Los años aparecen en ti sin darte cuenta.
• crop up appear unexpectedly All sort of difficulties have cropped up in our country.
En nuestro país han aparecido (surgido) todo tipo de dificultades.
• cross out show that something written is He spent all the morning crossing out his students’ mistakes.
wrong by crossing it with an X Se pasó la mañana tachando los errores de sus estudiantes.
• cry out shout out He cried out that he was innocent.
Gritó que era inocente.
• cry out for urgently require The education system in Brazil is crying out for improvement.
El sistema educativo de Brazil reclama urgentes mejoras.
• cut across use a short route If you want to arrive earlier, cut across the parking lot.
Si quieres llegar más rápido, atraviesa el (toma un atajo a través del)
estacionamiento.
9
P M E/T

• cut back on I. reduce consumption I. She is a little overweight. She should cut back on fat.
Está excedida de peso. Tendría que reducir el consumo de grasa.
II. reduce expenses II. The government has cut back spending. (Where was it?)
El gobierno ha reducido los gastos. (¿Dónde ha ocurrido?)
• cut down I. fell I. Finally they cut down the huge oak tree.
Finalmente talaron (cortaron) el viejo roble gigante.
II. reduce in size or amount II. Try to cut down your expenses.
Trata de reducir (recortar) tus gastos.
• cut in pass one car when there Never try to cut in during rush hours. It’s really dangerous.
isn’t room to do it safely No trates de adelantarte a otros en horas pico. Es muy peligroso.
• cut off I. separate by cutting I. She cut off a piece of cake for me.
Cortó un pedazo de torta para mí.
II. disconnect II. I was cut off in the middle of my phone conversation.
Me cortaron en medio de la conversación telefónica.
III. discontinue supply III. The company has cut off our electricity supply.
(gas, electricity, etc) La empresa nos cortó el servicio de electricidad.
IV. disinherit IV. His father cut him off without a penny.
Su padre lo dejó sin un centavo de herencia.
V. isolate, intercept V. You will be cut off if you go to live in that small village.
Vas a quedar aisaldo si te vas a vivir a ese pueblito.
• cut out I. remove by cutting I. Julia is cutting out a photograph of her favourite film star.
Julia está recortando una foto de su estrella de cine favorita.
II. omit, leave out II. If you want to get thin you must cut out sugar.
Si quieres adelgazar debes eliminar el azúcar.
III. stop III. Cut those jokes out, please !!!
¡¡¡Terminen con esas bromas, por favor!!!
• cut out for be suitable for, He is cut out for a teacher.
have the qualities for Tiene las cualidades perfectas para ser educador.
• cut up cut into pieces She cut the cake up and gave each of us a piece.
Cortó la torta en pedazos y nos dio un trozo a cada uno.
• dawn on begin to appear; begin to grow After reading her letter the truth began to dawn on me.
clear to the mind Después de leer su carta la verdad empezó a aclarar en mí.
• deal in stock, sell Jennifer’s husband deals in gold and jewels.
El esposo de Jennier comercia oro y joyas.
• deal with handle successfully She is really lucky, so she can deal with this situation.
Es muy afortunada, por lo tanto puede manejar esta situación.
• decide on settle on About sales they have already decided on a course of action.
Acerca de las ventas ya han definido una línea de acción.
• die away become gradually faintier, The prisoners waited till the sound of the warder died away.
disappear Los prisioneros aguardaron hasta que los pasos del guardia se extinguieron
(desaparecieron).
• die down become gradually calmer, When the excitement had died down the shop was reopened.
become less Cuando se calmó la excitación se reabrió la tienda.
• die out become extinct Blue whales could die out in a few years.
La ballena azul podría extinguirse en pocos años.
• dig up remove from the ground The pirates are digging up the treasure.
by digging Los piratas están desenterrando el tesoro.
• dispense with proceed without The chairman dispensed with formalities and took off his tie.
El presidente prescindió de toda formalidad y se quitó la corbata.
• dispose of get rid of, remove, If my parents move, they will have to dispose of their furniture.
do away with Si mis padres se mudan tendrán que deshacerse de sus muebles.
• do away with remove, destroy, abolish Modern civilisation has down away with slavery.
La civilización moderna ha abolido (desterrado) la esclavitud.
• do in I. cause to become very tired I. I slept long hours as the work in the garden had done me in.
(generally used in the passive) Dormí mucho porque el trabajo en el jardín me había extenuado.
II. kill, murder II. The old woman had been done in at midnight in the park.
La anciana había sido asesinada a medianoche en el parque.
• do over do something again This report is full of mistakes. You’ll have to do it over.
Este informe está lleno de errores. Tendrás que rehacerlo.
10
P M E/T

• do up I. fasten (shoe laces, zippers, etc.) I. She did up the zip on her dress and went out.
Subió el cierre de su vestido y se fue.
II. redecorate, restore II. When I do this room up I will paint the walls in stripes.
Cuando redecore esta habitación pintaré las paredes a rayas.
• do without manage in the absence of They did without food and fresh water.
Sobrevivieron (se arreglaron) sin alimentos ni agua fresca.
• double up bend over When we saw her costume we were doubled up with laught.
Cuando vimos su disfraz nos descostillamos de la risa.
• drag into involve unwillingly Please, don’t drag me into this discussion once again!!
¡¡Por favor, no me involucren en esta discusión otra vez!!
• drag on continue tediously The sermon dragged on for over an hour.
El sermón duró (resultó interminable por) más de una hora.
• draw back retire, retreat It’s too late to draw back now; the plans are all made.
Es tarde para volverse atrás; todos los planes están hechos.
• draw into involve gradually They managed to draw me into the conversation.
Se la arreglaron para ir involucrándome en la conversación.
• draw near approach As the dentist drew near, several frightened children ran away.
Cuando el dentista se acercó varios niños huyeron atemorizados.
• draw out I. prolong something I. The speaker was so boring that he drew his speech out for over three hours.
El orador era tan aburrido que estiró su discurso durante más de tres horas.
II. take money out of an II. The accountant drew out an equivalent sum of cash with the company cheque.
account at a bank El contador extrajo (retiró) una suma equivalente de dinero mediante el cheque.
de la empresa.
• draw up I. stop (of vehicles) I. The car drew up and the driver got out.
El auto se detuvo y el conductor descendió.
II. make a written plan II. My solicitor drew up the lease yesterday.
compose a formal document Ayer mi abogado redactó el contrato de alquiler.
• dream about dream of (persons, things) He always dreams about (of) going to Venice.
• dream of Siempre sueña con ir a Venecia.
• dress up dress elaborately Alan dressed up for the ceremony.
Alan se puso de punta en blanco para la ceremonia.
• drink up drink all of Drink your milk up before you go to be.
Bebe toda la leche antes de irte a la cama.
• drive away go away in a car She waved and drove away.
Saludó y se fue (conduciendo) su auto.
• drive up arrive in a car He drove up in a large American car.
Llegó en un enorme auto americano.
• drop behind leave behind The athlete soon dropped the other runners behind.
El atleta enseguida dejó atrás a los demás corredores.
• drop by visit informally I’d love to see you. Please try to drop by our house.
Me encantaría verte. Por favor pasa por casa.
• drop in on visit casually He dropped in on us to tell me something about the office.
(unannounced visit) Pasó por casa (Nos hizo una visita de pasada) para decirme algo acerca de la oficina.
• drop off I. fall I. In autumn leaves begin to drop off.
En otoño comienzan a caer las hojas.
II. fall asleep II. Many people dropped off during the long lecture.
Mucha gente se quedó dormida durante la larga conferencia.
III. deliver something III. Please, drop these off as you leave the office.
Por favor despacha estas cartas cuando te vayas de la oficina.
IV. give someone a ride IV. When Ana moves close to me I’ll be glad to drop her off.
Cuando Ana se mude cerca de casa será un placer acercarla en mi automóvil.
• drop out withdraw One runner twisted his foot in the race and dropped out.
Un corredor se torció el pie durante la carrera y abandonó.
• drum into teach by repetition In order to improve their conversational skills, OM Personal drums
all sort of dialogues into the students.
A fin de mejorar la comprensión oral, OM Personal machaca a sus
estudiantes con todo tipo de diálogos.
• drum up raise Veronica has drummed up support for her marketing plan.
Verónica ha conseguido apoyo para su plan de mercadeo.
11
P M E/T

• dry up I. become completely dry I. The streams all dried up during the hot summer.
Todos los arroyos se secaron durante el tórrrido verano.
II. make dry II. Please, dry these glasses up.
Seca estos vasos, por favor.
• dwell on emphasize My boss dwelt on the risks involved in this new plan.
Mi jefe recalcó los riesgos involucrados en este nuevo plan.
• ease off become less painful My headache has now eased off a little.
or troublesome El dolor de cabeza se ha atenuado un poco ahora.
• eat in eat at home We are all going to eat in tonight, so please prepare a big meal.
Todos cenaremos en casa esta noche, de modo que prepara una buena
cantidad de comida.
• eat out eat away from home (in a restaurant There was no food in the house, so we decided to eat out.
or at a friend’s house, etc.) No quedaba comida en la casa, por lo tanto decidimos comer afuera.
• eat up eat all of, eat completely ”Eat up your dinner and then you will grow into a big boy.”
(separable) ”Come toda tu cena y te convertirás en un muchacho grandote”.
• egg on encourage, persuade His friends egg him on until he finally agreed to the plan.
Sus amigos lo persuadieron hasta que finalmente aceptó la propuesta.
• eke out make a living by doing something The poor teacher gave private music lessons in order to eke out his low salary.
extra (separable but often not El pobre profesor daba clases privadas de música para compensar sus bajos
separated) ingresos.
• empty out remove what is inside The maid found the missing keys when she emptied out both drawers in the
something bedroom.
La mucama encontró las llaves que faltaban cuando vació los dos cajones del
dormitorio.
• end off finish Sheila ended off her speech with some amusing stories.
Sheila finalizó su discurso con algunas entretenidas historias.
• end up reach an end If you continue to act like this, you will end in prison.
Si continúas manejándote así, terminarás en la cárcel.
• enlarge on say more about Please enlarge on your proposal.
Por favor, amplía (explica con más detalles) tu propuesta.
• enter into I. begin, commence I. Finally the sisters entered into an agreement.
Finalmente las hermanas se pusieron de acuerdo.
II. be connected with II. What he wants doesn’t enter into our relationship.
Lo que él quiera no tiene nada que ver con nuestra relación.
• enter up keep a written record of The clerk forgot to enter up the figures for the sales on Tuesday.
accounts, etc. (separable) El empleado olvidó ingresar los importes de las ventas del martes.
• even up make even or equal The last goal has now evened up the score and the match will probably end
(separable when transitive) in a draw.
El último gol acaba de emparejar los resultados y el partido probablemente
finalice empatado.
• expand on say more about Please expand on what you have just mentioned.
Por favor, amplía (explica con más detalles) lo que acabas de mencionar.
• explain away remove uncertainty by showing Why did you behave so rudely to our guest? Explain that away.
why one should not be blamed ¿Por qué se comportó tan groseramente con nuestro invitado? Explíquese.
for a fault, mistake, etc.
• face up to I. withstand I. The explorers faced up to terrible experiences.
Los exploradores se enfrentaron con terribles experiencias.
II. accept and deal with, admit to II. Learn to face up to the truth no matter how much it hurts.
Aprende a aceptar la verdad por más que ésta duela.
• fade away become weaker or fainter, disappear The sound gradually faded away when they appeared.
El sonido desapareció gradualmente cuando aparecieron.
• fag out exhaust (slang) The long journey has fagged me out.
El largo viaje me ha dejado agotado.
• fall back recede, retreat As soon as the enemy fell back, the soldiers returned to their homes in Spain.
Apenas el enemigo retrocedió, lo soldados regresaron a sus hogares en España.
• fall back on turn to for help, make use of in an Because of unexpected expenses, we had to fall back on our savings.
emergency A causa de gastos imprevistos tuvimos que hacer uso de nuestros ahorros.
• fall behind be passed by others Our runner seems to have fallen behind.
Parece que nuestro corredor se ha atrasado (quedado atrás).
12
P M E/T

• fall behind with fail to pay a sum of money which Jones fell behind with his payments for the car and had to borrow money.
is due Jones se atrasó con los pagos del automóvil y tuvo que pedir dinero prestado.
• fall down lose one’s balance Charles tripped over a stone and fell down.
Carlos tropezó con una piedra y se cayó.
• fall for I. be attracted by the charms I. Robert soon fell for the beautiful Monica.
of (slang) Roberto enseguida se sintió atraído por la bella Mónica.
II. succumb to a trick or II. He always falls for every lie his friends tell him.
suggestion Se cree (traga) cualquier mentira que le cuentan sus amigos.
• fall in with come across, meet by chance The student fell in with some young girls and went to the movies with them.
El estudiante se encontró de casualidad con algunas chicas y fue al cine con ellas.
• fall off become less, decrease Attendance at the concerts has been falling off lately.
La concurrencia a los conciertos ha estado decayendo últimamente.
• fall out with quarrel with Mrs. Davidson fell out with her neighbor Miss. Roolings.
La Sra Davidson se peleó con su vecina la Srta. Roolings.
• fall through not happen, fail a plan, miscarry A brilliant plan for a new bridge fell through after a year.
not be accomplished Después de un año fracasó un brillante plan para un nuevo puente.
• fed up with bored, tired I’m fed up with my present job. What about you?
(past participle only) Estoy harto de mi trabajo. ¿Y tú?
• feed up fatten Those turkeys have been fed up specially for Christmas.
Esos pavos han sido engordados especialmente para Navidad.
• feel like be willing to I don’t feel like going to the movies tonight.
No tengo ganas de ir al cine esta noche.
• feel up to feel able or strong enough to do Do you feel up to making that long and exhausting journey?
something ¿Te sientes capaz de hacer ese largo y agotador viaje?
• fend off repel The goalkeeper fended off most attacks but we could win.
El arquero rechazó la mayoría de los ataques pero pudimos ganar.
• ferret out search out, find with It was really hard but we managed to ferret out the information.
difficulty Fue realmente difícil pero nos arreglamos para obtener la información.
• fiddle about with waste time, fail to use You will be late if you fiddle about with your hair any longer.
opportunity Llegarás tarde si sigues perdiendo el tiempo con tu pelo.
• figure out solve, understand I can’t figure out what happened yesterday at the office.
No logro entender qué ocurrió ayer en la oficina.
• figure up calculate, compute Can you figure the total cost up?
¿Puedes calcular el costo total?
• file down smooth or wear by filing The locksmith filed down my key so that it would fit the lock.
El cerrajero limó mi llave para que entrara en la cerradura.
• fill in add information, complete Please fill in this form by tomorrow.
(forms, etc) Por favor llene este formulario para mañana.
• fill in for substitute for, temporarily do Doris said she would fill in for me if I was sick.
someone else’s work Doris dijo que me reemplazaría si me sentía mareado.
• fill in on supply information that someone I couldn’t go to the English class yesterday. Could you fill me in on what they taught?
No pude ir a la clase de inglés ayer. ¿Podrías comentarme qué enseñaron?
• fill out I. complete (forms, etc) by adding I. I filled out the form with all my personal data.
required information Completé el formulario con todos mis datos personales.
II. become less thin, plump or fat, II. Maria used to be thinner, but lately she has begun to fill out.
gain weight María solía ser más delgada pero últimamente ha subido de peso (engordado).
• fill up I. make full (forms, etc) I. Fill up this form according with the instructions.
Complete este formulario de acuerdo con las instrucciones.
II. fill completely, make completely II. Fill up the glasses with Argentine wine and let us toast the birthday girl!!
full (a container) ¡¡Llenemos las copas con vino argentino y brindemos por la cumpleañera!!.
• filter out become public The news of Pauline’s divorce soon filtered out.
by rumour, etc) Las noticias del divorcio de Pauline enseguida se hicieron públicas.
• find out discover, learn Have you found out the title of the novel yet?
¿Ya averiguaste el título de la novela?
• find out about get information about I found about his situation a minute ago.
Me enteré de su situación hace un minuto.
• finish up I. end (separable when transitive) I. The meeting finished up with a concerto in the garden.
La reunión finalizó con un concierto en el jardín.
II. end one’s career II. We must fix up the next meeting before we leave.
manner Tenemos que arreglar la próxima reunión antes de irnos.
13
P M E/T

• fire up become angry (colloquial) Sandra fired up when her brother told her to leave.
Sandra enfureció cuando su hermano le dijo que se retirara.
• fit in with be suited to, be suitable, be She doesn’t fit in with our group.
congenial Ella no encaja en nuestro grupo.
• fix up I. repair I. The mechanic soon fixed up the car.
El mecánico reparó enseguida el automóvil.
II. arrange, organise in a suitable II. We must fix up the next meeting before we leave.
Tenemos que arreglar la próxima reunión antes de irnos.
• flame out burst suddenly into flame The fire flamed out when the wind arose.
El fuego estalló cuando se levantó viento.
• flood out force to leave because of flooding Twenty villagers were flooded out yesterday.
Veinte habitantes del pueblo fueron evacuados ayer.
• fly back return by air They will fly back on Saturday afternoon.
Volarán de regreso el sábado por la tarde.
• fly over fly to where someone is After many invitations, my parents finally accepted and flew over to spend some
time with us.
Después de muchas invitaciones, mis padres finalmente aceptaron y volaron hasta
aquí para pasar un tiempo con nosotros.
• fold up bend or lay so that one part covers Please fold up the newspaper after reading it.
the other Por favor dobla (pliega) el diario después de leerlo.
• follow on follow after an interval Please go ahead. We will follow on when we have rested.
(usually intransitive) Por favor continuen. Nosotros seguiremos cuando hayamos descansado.
• follow up pursue to a conclusion, bring to a Diana followed up my recommendations and passed the exam.
successful issue Diana siguió hasta el final mis indicaciones y pasó el examen.
• fool around with not be serious, have as a hobby He likes to fool around in cybercafes all day.
Le gusta pasar el tiempo en los cibercafés todo el día.
• frighten into control by fear The little girl frightened her brother into obeying her.
La niña asustaba a su hermano obligándolo a obedecerla.
• frown on disapprove of Absenteeism is frowned on in most companies.
El ausentismo es desaprobado en la mayoría de las empresas.
• fumble about for feel about uncertainly with one’s He fumbled about for his key but it wasn’t in his pocket.
hands Hurgó en busca de su llave pero no estaba en su bolsillo.
• get about move from place to place, circulate Although she is over eighty, Mrs. Ballon still gets about.
Aunque tiene más de ochenta años, la Sra. Ballon todavía se moviliza de un lado
para el otro.
• get across make understood, communicate The American comedian found it difficult to get his jokes across to the audience
of Peruvians.
something understandably Al comediante norteamericano le resultó difícil hacer entender sus chistes al público.
de peruanos.
• get ahead advance, prosper, make If he has an aptitude for that job, he is sure to get ahead.
progress Si tiene condiciones para ese trabajo, seguro que prosperará.
• get at reach The store was so crowded, it was hard to get at the food.
La tienda estaba tan atestada que fue imposible acercarse la comida.
• get along with have a friendly relationship Pablo insists that my dog doesn’t get along with his cat.
Pablo insiste que mi perro no se lleva bien con su gato.
• get around I. circulate. move about I. He is too old to get around now.
Ya está demasiado anciano para circular por ahí.
II. evade, avoid doing something II. She always gets around that topic about politics.
Ella siempre rehuye ese tema de política.
• get away escape I hooked a fish, but it got away.
Enganché un pescado pero escapó.
• get away with do without being caught or He got away with being late for school.
punished Se quedó sin castigo (Se salvó) por sus llegadas tarde a la escuela.
• get back I. return home I. When did you get back from Japan?
¿Cuándo regresaste de Japón?
II. obtain back II. I haven’t got my old back yet.
Aún no he recuperado (no me han devuelto) mi antiguo libro.
14
P M E/T

• get by I. barely succeed I. She studied just hard enough to get by.
Estudió apenas lo necesario para aprobar.
II. manage, survive financially II. The whole family had to get by on the mother’s salary.
Toda la familia se tuvo que arreglar con el sueldo de la madre.
• get down make you feel depresessed Don’t let this horrible weather get you down.
(colloquial) No permitas que este tiempo espantoso te deprima.
• get down to begin dealing seriously with, become After a delicious meal both men got down to business.
serious about Después de una comida deliciosa los dos hombres se concentraron en los negocios.
• get in I. arrive, enter (at a station, at an I. What time does the bus from Montevideo get in?
air-terminal, at a port) ¿A qué hora llega el ómnibus de Montevideo?
II. enter or board a small vehicle II. We got in the taxi and the driver started the engine.
Nos metimos en el taxi y el conductor arrancó el motor.
• get in on manage to participate in I would love to get in on the decoration for your new house.
Me encantaría participar de la decoración de tu nueva casa.
• get into become involved with I don’t want to get into any argument with you.
No deseo involucrarme en ninguna discusión contigo.
• get off I. leave a horse, a bicycle or public I. They got off the train at 5 pm.
transportation (bus, train) Se bajaron del tren a las cinco de la tarde.
II. be excused for duty II. My school got Valentine’s Day off. Can you believe it?
Mi escuela dio feriado por San Valentín. ¿Puedes creerlo?
III. avoid punishment for someone III. He’s a terrible lawyer. He got the murderer off.
Es un abogado fatal. Consiguió la inocencia del asesino.
• get on I. board a big vehicle (bus, train) I. They got on the bus as soon as it arrived.
Subieron al ómnibus tan pronto como llegó.
II. manage II. How is your sister getting on?
¿Cómo le van las cosas a tu hermana?
III. mount (a horse, a bike) III. Here is your bike: get on and let’s go.
Aquí está tu bicicleta: súbete y vayámonos.
IV. grow older IV. Ann is getting on. She must be at least 70.
Ana está envejeciendo. Debe tener más o menos 70.
• get out of I. leave a small vehicle (car, taxi) I. Get out of your car and open the garage door.
Baja de tu auto y abre la puerta de la cochera.
II. escape having a duty II. I was really but I could get out of giving my class today.
Estaba realmente cansada hoy pero pude escapar (a mi obligación) de dictar
mi clase hoy.
• get over with undergo, finish I hate dentists’ offices, so if I must visit one, I prefer to get it over with as soon as
(usually separated) possible.
Odio los consultorios de los dentistas, de modo que si tengo que ir a ver a uno prefiero
terminar con esto lo antes posible.
• get over I. recover from I. My wife has not got over the flu yet.
Mi esposa no se ha recuperado de su gripe todavía.
II. finish II. Her English classes get over at 6 pm.
Sus clases de inglés terminan a las seis de la tarde.
• get rid of I. throw away I. ”Why don’t you get rid of these old papers and books?”
”¿Por qué no te sacas de encima estos diarios y libros?”
II. dismiss, fire II. The manager will soon get rid of her. She talks too much.
El gerente pronto se la sacará de encima. Ella habla mucho.
• get through survive, finish I won’t be able to get through with my project until May.
No podré terminar mi proyecto hasta Mayo.
• get through to be in or establish communication Have you got through to Mr. Morrison yet?
with ¿Ya te has comunicado con el Sr. Morrison?
• get together meet for a social purpose Our family used to get together to celebrate Christmas.
Nuestra familia solía reunirse para celebrar Navidad.
• get up I. arise from bed I. My grandfather used to get up at six every day.
Mi abuelo solia levantarse a las seis todos los días.
II. rise to one’s feet II. Everyone got up when she entered the room.
Todos se pusieron de pie cuando ella ingresó a la habitación.
15
P M E/T

• give away I. give freely (separable) I. Before dying he gave all his money away.
Antes de morir regaló todo su dinero.
II. distribute II. OM Personal gives away prizes every month.
OM Personal entrega premios todos los meses.
III. reveal III. Although I had asked Luis not to do it, he gave away my secret during the meeting.
Aunque le había pedido a Luis que no lo hiciera, reveló mi secreto durante la reunión.
IV. betray IV. The secret agent was given away by a co-worker.
El agente secreto fue traicionado por un colaborador.
• give back return something to its owner Today I gave back the bicycle I had borrowed.
Hoy devolví la bicileta que había pedido prestada.
• give in I. admit defeat, surrender I. The thief finally went to the Police and gave in.
Finalmente el ladrón fue a la Policía y se entregó.
II. hand papers, exams, books to II. ”Please, give in your examination papers now”.
another person ”Por favor, entreguen sus exámenes ahora”.
• give off send out, emit Boiled cabbage gives off an unpleasant odor.
El repollo hervido desprende un olor desagradable.
• give out distribute Who will help me to give all these books out?
¿Quién me va a ayudar a distribuir todos estos libros?
• give up I. surrender I. The prisoners gave themselves up
Los prisioneros se entregaron.
II. resign II. The electrician gave up his job to become a priest.
El electricista dejó su trabajo para convertirse en sacerdote.
III. abandon III. Try to give up cigarettes and alcohol.
Trata de dejar los cigarrillos y el alcohol.
• give up on stop trying Helen has given up on such a terrible situation.
Elena ha abandonado la lucha en tan mala situación.
• go against oppose Don’t go against the rules. You must obey them.
No vayas en contra de las normas. Tienes que respetarlas.
• go along with agree, not resist I’m willing to go along with your idea. It looks great!!
Estoy de acuerdo con tu idea. ¡¡Es fantástica!!
• go back return Captain Meyer decided to go back to Miami this summer.
El Capitán Meyer decidió regresar a Miami este verano.
• go back on break a promise, fail to keep He never goes back on his word.
one’s word Nunca se retracta de la palabra comprometida.
• go for like a great deal Mother really goes for black chocolate.
A mamá le encanta realmente el chocolate negro.
• go in for I. be interested in I. He preferred to go in for civil engineering.
El se interesó por (se especializó en) ingeniería civil.
II. participate in II. Over 50,000 subscribers are going in for OM Personal courses and tutorials.
Más de 50.000 suscriptores se encuentran participando de los cursos y tutoriales
de OM Personal.
• go off I. depart, leave I. She went off without saying goodbye.
Se fue sin decir adiós.
II. explode II. Luckily the time-bomb went off outside the station.
El electricista dejó su trabajo para convertirse en sacerdote.
III. be successful (parties) III. The wedding party seemed to go off very well.
Parece que la fiesta de bodas tuvo mucho éxito.
• go on I. continue I. Please go on. Don’t let me interrupt you.
Por favor, continúa. No dejes que te interrumpa.
II. happen II. What’s going on in this room today?
¿Qué está pasando en esta habitación hoy?
• go out I. leave (a building, a room) I. I felt lonely after my parents had gone out.
Me sentí solo después que mis padres se habían ido.
II. cease burning II. The fire soon went out after we threw water on it.
El fuego pronto se apagó luego de haberle arrojado agua.
III. cease to be fashionable III. Long dresses have gone out this year.
Los vestidos largos pasaron de moda este año.
IV. go on strike IV. All the operators wet out on strike last week.
Todos los operadores hicieron huelga la semana pasada.
V. recede V. The tide is going out.
La marea está retrocediendo.
16
P M E/T

• go out with have a date with Monica went out with Carlos and Julie for New Year.
Mónica salió con Carlos y Julie para Año Nuevo.
• go over review I would like to go over the report again.
Me gustaría revisar el informe nuevamente.
• go through examine in detail Have you gone through the January report?
¿Has examinado en detalle el informe de enero?
• go through with fulfill, carry out, continue until The architect went through with his controversial rounded design for a new
the end bank.
El arquitecto continuó hasta el final con su controvertido diseño redondeado
para un nuevo banco.
• go up I. ascend I. We all watched the tourists going up the mountain.
Todos observamos a los turistas ascender la montaña.
II. increase in price II. Rents have gone up greatly in the past two years.
Los alquileres han subido muchísimo en los últimos dos años.
III. be built III. Many factories have gone up in the last decade.
Se han construido muchas fábricas en la última década.
• go with I. match, harmonize with, look I. Those leather shoes don’t go with your sports outfit.
good with Esos zapatos de cuero no quedan bien con tu conjunto deportivo.
II. date regularly II. Susana is going with Robert, isn’t she?
Susana sale con Robert, ¿no es cierto?
• go without abstain from I will have to go without any vacation next summer.
Tendré que pasar sin vacaciones el próximo verano.
• goof off be lazy I’m going to goof off all the afternoon.
Voy a hacer fiaca (pereza) toda la tarde.
• grow on become more attractive to I’m sure the idea of a Brazilian tour will grow on you.
Estoy seguro que la idea de una excursión por Brasil te atraerá.
• grow out of become too big for My son has grown out of most of his clothes.
Estoy seguro que la idea de una excursión por Brasil te atraerá.
• grow up I. become an adult, mature I. He wants to be a pilot when he grows up.
Quiere ser piloto cuando madure.
II. arise, develop (legends, traditions, II. And so the legend of Santa Claus grew up.
customs) Y así fue como se desarrolló la leyenda de Santa Claus.
• guard against take precautions North American people guarded against possible attacks.
Los norteamericanos tomaron precauciones ante eventuales ataques.
• hand down leave as an inheritance These traditions are handed down from father to son.
Estas tradiciones son transmitidas de padres a hijos.
• hand in submit assignment or homework, give Yesterday my boss handed in his resignation to Dr. Shofer, the company’s
in by hand to the proper person or president.
authority Ayer mi jefe entregó en mano su renuncia al Dr. Shofer, presidente de la
compañía.
• hand on give to someone else Will you please hand on this message to Miguel?
Por favor, ¿puedes entregarle este mensaje a Miguel?
• hand out distribute I enjoy handing out gifts to my relatives on Christmas Day.
Me encanta repartir regalos entre mis parientes en Navidad
• hand over transfer Strange to say, the enemy finally handed over the town to its inhabitants.
Por extraño que parezca, finalmente el enemigo entregó la ciudad a sus
habitantes.
• hand round show round Robert handed round the letter he had just received.
Roberto hizo circular la carta que acababa de recibir.
• hang about remain idly in the vicinity of There are lots of men hanging about at street corners for the pubs to open.
Hay muchos hombres dando vueltas en las esquinas esperando que abran los
bares.
• hang back be reluctant, hesitate to act When Mr. Kell asked for two volunteers, Ana hang back.
Cuando el Sr. Kell pidió dos voluntarios, Ana se mostró reacia.
• hang on continue to do something ”Can you hang on while I change my clothes?”.
(in connection with waiting) ”¿Podrías seguir en el puesto mientras me cambio de ropa?”
• hang on to keep, retain I would hang on to that old briefcase if I were you. It might prove to be very
useful.
En tu lugar, yo me quedaría con ese antiguo portafolios. Podría resultar muy
útil.
17
P M E/T

• hang out lean forwards or downwards Can you see that car? Is that a dog hanging out?
¿Ves ese auto? ¿No es un perro colgando de él?
• hang up I. delay (generally used in passive) I. Sorry for being late. I was hung up in a traffic jam.
Discúlpame por llegar tarde. Quedé atascado en un embotellamiento.
II. finish a telephone call by hanging II. After receiving a busy signal, I hung up the phone.
up the receiver Después de recibir señal de ocupado colgué el teléfono.
• have in invite someone in The Greens had the doctor in to see their son.
Los Green hicieron pasar al médico para que viera a su hijo.
• have on wear, be dressed in He had his best suit on.
Llevaba puesto su mejor traje.
• have out take out My tooth was aching so much that I had to have it out.
El diente me dolía tanto que tuve que hacerlo extraer.
• have to do with be about This new section has to do with the use of Phrasal Verbs.
Esta nueva sección trata sobre el uso de los Verbos Frasales.
• heap up put in a heap, amass He heaped up great wealth while he was abroad.
Amasó una gran fortuna mientras estaba en el exterior.
• hear from receive a communication from someone We just heard from Lucy when she arrived in Boston.
Recién supimos de Lucy cuando llegó a Boston.
• hear of learn about Actress Lorna Keller? I’ve never heard of her.
¿La actriz Lorna Keller? Jamás escuché hablar acerca de ella.
• hear out listen to someone until he has finished Don’t make any decision yet: please, hear me out.
(usually separated) No tomes ninguna decisión todavía: por favor, escúchame sin interrumpir.
• help on I. encourage I. Thanks messages help OM Personal on day after day.
Los mensajes de agradecimiento estimulan (alientan) a OM Personal día
tras día.
II. help someone to put something on II. helped Mariana on with the heavy coat she had bought the day before.
(usually separated) Le ayudé a Mariana a vestirse el pesado abrigo que había comprado el
día anterior.
• help out help someone (usually separated) Please, help me out with the dishes.
Por favor, ayúdame con los platos.
• hinge on depend on This trip hinges on my wife’s decision.
Este viaje depende de la decisión de mi esposa.
• hit off imitate, mimic There are some comedians who can hit off many film-stars perfectly.
Hay algunos comediantes que logran imitar a la perfección a muchas
estrellas de cine.
• hit on discover accidentally He hit on a plan for making money easily.
Descubrió un método para hacer dinero fácilmente.
• hold against blame for Please don’t hold all my mistakes against me.
Por favor, no me eches la culpa de todos mis errores.
• hold back I. restrain I. He was so impatient that I couldn’t hold him back.
Era tan impaciente que no logré contenerlo.
II. conceal II. I am sure he is holding something back.
Estoy seguro que él está ocultando algo.
III. hesitate III. Many people held back when the man asked for volunteers.
Mucha gente vaciló cuando el hombre solicitó voluntarios.
• hold down keep down He held his head down in shame.
Mantuvo la cabeza baja por vergüenza.
• hold off delay in doing something The President held off his departure until next Saturday.
El Presidente demoró su partida hasta el próximo sábado.
• hold on I. wait while telephoning I. Hold on a moment, please.
Aguarde un momento en línea, por favor.
II. continue, proceed II. The export of cotton held on for many years after the war.
La exportación de algodón se mantuvo durante muchos años después de
la guerra.
III. grasp tightly III. Please, hold on this glass while I fill it up.
Por favor, sostén firme esta copa mientras la lleno.
• hold on to adhere, keep Although Manuela lives in Korea now, she still holds on to her Argentinian
customs.
Aunque Manuela vive en Corea ahora, todavía se mantiene fiel a sus hábitos
argentinos.
18
P M E/T

• hold out I. persist I. The survivors will not be able to hold out much longer.
Los sobrevivientes no lograrán resistir mucho tiempo más.
II. last II. Their rations will not hold out for more than two days.
Sus raciones no durarán más de dos días.
• hold up I. raise, keep up, lift to a higher-than- I. Hold up your left arm.
normal position Levante su brazo izquierdo.
II. delay II. The train was held up on account of the floods.
El tren fue demorado debido a las inundaciones.
III. stop and rob (bus, train) III. The robbers held the bus up.
Los ladrones detuvieron el ómnibus para robar.
• hunt down persecute The Police attempted to hunt down the criminals.
La Policía intentó perseguir a los criminales.
• hurry up act quickly Hurry up!! Our train is leaving in ten minutes.
¡¡Apúrate!! Nuestro tren sale en diez minutos.
• hush up keep an affair secret by being silent The actor tried to hush up the scandal but he couldn’t.
El actor intentó ocultar el escándalo pero no lo logró.
• idle away waste (time, etc.) in idleness Ken idled away his time until he got a job in the plant.
Ken se la pasó perdiendo el tiempo hasta que consiguió un trabajo en la fábrica.
• inquire about ask for information about Before the race many people inquired about the horses.
Antes de la carrera mucha gente averiguó (consultó, buscó información) sobre
los caballos.
• inquire after ask about somebody’s health, welfare, Nobody inquired after the child’s health in all his years.
etc. Nadie preguntó por la salud del pequeño en todos estos años.
• inquire into investigate Every student will have to inquire into a variety of grammar topics for this final
exam.
Para este examen final los estudiantes tendrán que investigar una serie de temas
gramaticales.
• inquire of seek information about The detective tried to inquire of Dr. Dalmon’s murder.
El detective trató de buscar información sobre el asesinato del Dr. Dalmon.
• invite in ask someone into one’s house, a room, THe invited the stranger in and gave him a meal.
etc Hizo pasar al extraño y le ofreció comida.
• invite out ask someone to go out to a party, We have been invited out to Luciana’s birthday.
a meal, movies, etc. Hemos sido invitados al cumpleaños de Luciana.
• iron out remove, make smooth Finally, husband and wife ironed out their problems together.
(problems, difficulties) Finalmente, marido y mujer resolvieron juntos sus problemas.
• jack up lift with a jack Herbert jacked up the car and changed wheels.
Herbert levantó el auto (con el cric) y cambió la rueda.
• jog along proceed quietly and slowly Tom is not brilliant. He just jogs along in his work.
Tomás no es brillante. Simplemente se toma su tiempo para realizar su trabajo.
• join in with share with decided to join in with them when they said they were going to buy a yacht.
Decidí compartir el gasto con ellos cuando dijeron que iban a comprar un yate.
• join up enlist in the Army, Navy or Air Force When they were very young, Manuel and his brother decided to join up and fight
for their country.
Cuando eran muy jóvenes, Manuel y su hermano decidieron alistarse para pelear
por su patria.
• keep at persevere at Keep at it! Persist in what you are doing!
¡Dale! (¡Persevera!) ¡Continúa en lo que estás haciendo!
• keep away from avoid coming near, stay away from The angry woman shouted the thief to keep away from her.
La mujer enojada le gritó al ladrón que se alejara de ella.
• keep back I. conceal I. They discovered that the boy was keeping something back.
Detectaron que el muchacho estaba ocultando algo.
II. restrain, hinder II. An urgent meeting at the office kept me back.
Me retuvo una reunión urgente en la oficina.
III. not come forward, stay back III. Please, try to keep back. This fire is dangerous.
Por favor, quédate atrás. Este fuego es peligroso.
• keep back from stay away from Keep back from the edge of the platform. The train is coming.
Aléjate del borde de la plataforma. Está llegando el tren.
19
P M E/T

• keep down I. lie low, crouch I. Keep down or they will see you.
Agáchate (quédate abajo) o te verán.
II. subject, repress II. This country has been kept down for several decades.
Este país ha permanecido sometido durante varias décadas.
• keep in I. confine, detain I. The teacher kept him in for two hours after school.
El profesor lo retuvo durante dos horas después de la escuela.
II. allow to continue burning II. Keep the fire in until I return.
Mantén el fuego encendido hasta que regrese.
• keep in with continue on good terms with It’s advisable to keep in with your boss.
someone Es aconsejable andar bien con tu jefe.
• keep off I. stay away I. Keep off from the grass.
Manténgase alejado del césped (No pise el césped.
II. stay at a distance, not near II. If the rain keeps off we could play in the garden.
Si la lluvia se mantiene alejada podríamos jugar en el jardín.
• keep on persist in, continue Helen kept on changing the topic of our conversation.
(followed by an ing verb) Helen insistió en cambiar el tema de nuestra charla.
• keep on at worry, snag, scold someone Why do you persist in keeping on at Fernando so much? He has not hurt you.
¿Por qué insistes tanto en reprender a Fernando? No te ha dañado.
• keep out I. prevent people or things from I. The janitor in our building is good at keeping strangers out.
entering El encargado de nuestro edificio es bueno para mantener alejados a los intrusos.
II. stay outside II. Keep out!! Can’t you read the sign on the door?
¡Aléjate!! ¿No lees el cartel sobre la puerta?
• keep to adhere to This train always keeps to the schedule.
Este tren siempre cumple (respeta) el horario.
• keep up with I. go forward at an equal pace I. Please, walk more slowly. I can’t keep up with you.
Por favor, camina más despacio. No puedo alcanzarte.
II. learn as much as II. Herbert can’t keek up with the rest of the class.
Herbert no puede emparejarse con (ponerse al mismo nivel que) el resto de la clase.
III. compete with III. We are not trying to keep up with the Joneses.
(as indicating social status) No estamos tratando de competir con la familia Jones.
• key up excite, stimulate OM Personal visitors are always keyed up for interesting prizes at our OM Lucky
section.
Los visitantes de OM Personal siempre se estimulan con los interesantes premios
de nuestra sección OM Lucky.
• kick off start a game by giving the first Our team kicked off at 3 pm.
kick Nuestro equipo dio el puntapié inicial a las tres de la tarde.
• kick out fire, expel, dismiss, force Yesterday the manager kicked the salesclerk out.
someone to leave Ayer el gerente despidió (echó) al vendedor.
• kick up cause a noise or disturbance She kicked such a fuss when her husband returned home so late at night.
Ella hizo gran escándalo cuando su esposo regresó tan tarde de noche.
• kill off exterminate, get rid of in large This new insecticide kills off all the pests.
numbers Este nuevo insecticida mata todos los insectos.
• knit up restore, repair numbers I hope we can knit the old partnership up: it would be a pity to separate now.
Espero que podamos restablecer (recuperar) la vieja sociedad: sería una pena
separarnos ahora.
• knock about I. wander I. The tourist said he had knocked about all over the world.
El turista dijo que había andado por todo el mundo.
II. hit again and again; treat II. The new furniture was knocked about during transportation.
roughly Los muebles nuevos fueron golpeados durante el transporte.
• knock down I. knock someone to the ground I. The boxer soon knocked his opponent down.
El boxeador pronto derribó a su adversario.
II. destroy II. The architects have started to knock the old house down.
Los arquitectos han comenzado a derribar la vieja casa.
III. force someone to lower a price III. I wanted 3,000 dollars for my car, but the customer knocked me down to 2,500
dollars.
Yo quería 3.000 dólares por mi automóvil pero el cliente me lo hizo bajar a 2.500
dólares.
• knock down to sell something to someone who The auctioneer knocked down the old china vase to me when the bidding had reached
has bid in an auction only one hundred dollars.
El rematador me vendió el antiguo florero de porcelana cuando las ofertas apenas
habían alcanzado los cien dólares.
20
P M E/T

• knock in hit something Knock this nail in, please. I want to hang this picture.
Coloca este clavo, por favor. Quiero colgar este cuadro.
• knock off I. stop working (colloquial) I. The workmen knocked off at five o’clock.
Los obreros dejaron de trabajar a las cinco en punto.
II. compose hastily II. Lorena knocked the poem off in ten minutes.
Lorena compuso el poema en apenas diez minutos.
III. deduct III. Martha asked the shopkeeper if he could knock off ten dollars from the list price.
Martha le preguntó al vendedor si podría descontarle (hacerle una rebaja de) diez
dólares sobre el precio del lista.
• knock oneself out work much harder than expected They knocked oneself out in the office.
Trabajaron en la oficina más duro de lo que se esperaban.
• knock out make someone unconscious I knocked Joe Burlington out in the fifth round.
Lo dejé nocaut a Joe Burlington en la quinta vuelta.
• knock over turn over The cat knocked over our expensive flower vase.
El gato volteó nuestro costoso florero.
• knock up exhaust The hikers were knocked up after their long walk in the Alps.
Los mochileros quedaron agotados después de su larga caminata en los Alpes.
• knuckle down to work very hard We really knuckled down but the new paint in the kitchen looks great now.
Realmente trabajamos duro pero la nueva pintura de la cocina luce fantástica.
• knuckle under to submit to, yield to The mayor had knuckle under to the authority in government.
El alcalde tuvo que ceder ante la autoridad gubernamental.
• lap up I. accept eagerly I. The public lapped up the story.
El público se tragó la historia.
II. take up with the tongue II. The cat lapped up all the milk in the saucer.
El gato lamió toda la leche del plato.
• laugh at mock, make fun of Don’t laugh at my son!, the woman shouted at us.
¡No ser rían de mi hijo!, nos gritó la mujer.
• launch into start with vigor He launched into a very long explanation.
Empezó vigorosamente a dar una larga explicación.
• lay before present to We will lay the evidence before the court.
Expondremos la evidencia ante la corte.
• lay in store up for future use Many of the farmers laid in provisions for a bad winter.
Muchos de los granjeros almacenaron provisiones para un mal invierno.
• lay off fire, dismiss, put out of work This Japanese company laid off six hundred workers last month because of lack of
because of lack of work or work.
money Esta empresa japonesa despidió a seiscientos operarios el mesa pasado debido a la
falta de trabajo.
• lay out I. lay out in a line, arrange I. She laid out her clothes for the ceremony.
Ella ordenó (dispuso) sus ropas para la ceremonia.
II. get ready for a particular II. The assistant laid out the tools for the surgery.
purpose or event El asistente preparó el instrumental para la operación.
III. provide a detailed plan or III. She laid out her plans for a rock garden in the house.
design Ella realizó los diseños de un jardín de rocas para de la casa.
• lead up to be a preparation for The first chapters of his book lead up to the full story.
Los primeros capítulos de su libro anticipan toda la historia.
• leaf through turn the pages Sheila leafed idly through the big volume.
Sheila hojeó sin apuro el enorme volumen.
• leave behind not bring, go away without, leave It’s raining and I left my umbrella behind!!
¡¡Llueve y olvidé traer mi paraguas!!
• leave out omit, forget They had left my name out in the examinations list.
Habían omitido mi nombre en la lista de exámenes.
• let down disappoint or fail someone George let me down when he refused to lend me the money.
George me decepcionó cuando rehusó prestarme dinero.
• let in admit, allow to enter We let them in although it was very late.
Los dejamos entrar a pesar de que era muy tarde.
• let in on reveal, share a secret Unknowingly she let them in on the secret.
(always separated) Sin darse cuenta ella les reveló el secreto.
• let into allow to share Shall we let you parents into the secret?
¿Les revelaremos el secreto a tus padres?
21
P M E/T

• let off I. allow to leave without I. The magistrate let the boy off with a serious warning.
punishment El magistrado dejó ir al muchacho con una seria advertencia.
II. explode II. Argentinians love to let off fireworks on Christmas season.
A los argentinos les encanta explotar fuegos artificiales para la época de Navidad.
• let out I. allow to go out I. Norma let her kid out on such a nice day.
Norma permitió salir a su chico con un día tan agradable.
II. divulgue, disclose II. Why did you let the secret out?
purpose or event ¿Por qué divulgaste el secreto?
III. provide a detailed plan or III. The tailor let out the dress as it was too tight.
El sastre ensanchó el vestido porque era muy ajustado.
• let up I. diminish, become less intense I. The pain has let up since I began to take these tablets.
(colloquial) El dolor comenzó a ceder desde que tomo estos comprimidos.
II. make less effort (colloquial) II. The teacher asked the boys not to let up until the exam.
El profesor les pidio a los muchachos que no aflojaran hasta el examen.
• level off stop rising Prices finally have leveled off.
Finalmente los precios se han estabilizado.
• lie down assume a reclining position Go home and lie down on the bed until you feel better.
Véte a casa y recuéstate en la cama hasta que sentirte mejor.
• live down live so that past faults are How did the actress manage to live down the scandal that surrounded all her life?
forgotten ¿Cómo hizo la actriz para sobrellevar el escándalo que rodeó toda su vida?
• live on survive using What did you live on?
¿De qué vives?
• live up to maintain a standard She has lived up to her reputation as a singer.
Ella ha vivido de acuerdo con su fama de cantante.
• log off break contact with a computer The system was overloaded, so I had to log off.
system El sistema estaba sobrecargado, por lo tanto tuve que salir de sesión.
• log on contact a computer Do you know how to log on?
¿Sabes cómo entrar en sesión?
• log on to contact a computer She logged on to the new system.
Ella entró en sesión con el nuevo sistema.
• look after watch, take care of Mrs. Reston, thanks for looking after my baby tonight.
Sra. Reston, gracias por cuidar a mi bebé esta noche.
• look back on recall, remember, reflect on The old man looked back on the days of his youth.
El anciano recordó los días de su juventud.
• look down on regard as inferior, look with Martin is an arrogant professor. He always looks down on the students who don’t
disdain catch on immediately.
Martin es un profesor arrogante. Siempre menosprecia a los estudiantes que no
entienden rápidamente.
• look for try to locate or discover I’m looking for a new job. Any good advertisements today?
Estoy buscando un nuevo trabajo. ¿Hay algún buen aviso hoy?
• look forward to anticipate with pleasure I’m looking forward to my holidays.
Estoy esperando (ansiosamente) mis vacaciones.
• look in on visit to check something Jenny has just come back from Europe. I’m going to look in on her today to see how
happy she is.
Jenny acaba de regresar de Europa. Voy a pasar por su casa para ver lo feliz que está.
• look into investigate, get more details He promised us to look into this difficult situation.
Nos prometió investigar esta complicada situación.
• look like resemble in appearance Does the new baby look like Helen or Robert?
¿Se parece el nuevo bebé a Helen o a Robert?
• look out for watch for Look out for fallen branches and snakes in this area.
Ten cuidado con las ramas caídas y las víboras en esta zona.
• look over check, review There may be some mistakes in my report. Could you look it over?
Puede haber algunos errores en mi informe ¿Podrías echarle una ojeada (revisarlo)?
• look through examine quickly They looked through the magazines while they were waiting.
Hojeaban las revistas mientras esperaban.
• look up find information We looked up the new word in a dictionary.
Buscamos la nueva palabra en un diccionario.
22
P M E/T

• look up to admire, respect At OM Personal we look up to our visitors’ effort to learn or improve their English day
after day.
En OM Personal valoramos el esfuerzo de nuestros visitantes por aprender o mejorar
su inglés día tras día.
• luck out be unexpectedly lucky I was worried because I wasn’t well prepared to take my TOEFL but finally I lucked out
because the exam was cancelled.
Yo estaba preocupado porque no estaba bien preparado para rendir mi TOEFL pero
finalmente me salvé (tuve una suerte inesperada) cuando el examen fue cancelado.
• make away hurry away While the others were arguing I made away on my bike.
Mientras los otros seguían discutiendo me fui en mi bicicleta.
• make away with I. steal I. The thieves made away with some valuable jewels.
Los ladrones robaron algunas joyas valiosas.
II. hide II. The boy made away with the broken vase before his mother came back home.
El muchacho ocultó el florero roto antes que su madre regresara a casa.
III. kill III. The unhappy old lady tried to make away with herself.
La desdichada anciana intentó terminar consigo.
• make for I. go in the direction of I. It’s late. We’d better turn and make for home.
Es tarde. Mejor demos vuelta y vayamos en dirección a casa.
II. attack, go for, rush violently II. When I was halfway across the field a bull made for me and I had to run.
at Cuando me encontraba en medio del campo a toro me atacó y tuve que correr.
• make fun of make unkind jokes about They hurt her feelings when they made fun of her.
La hirieron cuando se burlaron (mofaron) de ella.
• make of understand Can you make anything of this message?
¿Puedes entender algo de este mensaje?
• make off with run away with While I was bathing, someone made off with all my clothes.
Mientras me estaba bañando alguien escapó con todas mis ropas.
• make out I. draw up a document I. My father made out a cheque for me to buy the camera.
Mi padre me extendió un cheque para comprar la cámara.
II. understand II. I can’t make out what he is trying to say.
No logro entender qué está tratando de decirnos.
III. see, distinguish, recognise III. Someone is coming down the mountain, but I can’t make out who it is.
Alguien está descendiendo de la montaña pero no puedo distinguir de quién se trata.
IV. manage (colloquial) IV. How did the children make out while their mother was out?
¿Cómo se arreglaron los chicos mientras su madre no estuvo?
V. imply V. Several people tried to make out that Martin was a traitor.
Algunos dieron a entender que Martin era un traidor.
VI. pretend VI. They were always asking for money and making out that they were broke.
Siempre estaban pidiendo dinero y fingiendo que estaban sin un centavo.
• make over transfer formally They made over all their property to their son in Italy.
Le transfirieron todas sus propiedades a su hijo en Italia.
• make up I. invent, create imaginary I. He made up an incredible story about his vacation.
information Inventó una increíble historia sobre sus vacaciones.
II. apply cosmetics II. Sandra made up very carefully before meeting her boyfriend.
Sandra se maquilló muy cuidadosamente antes de encontrarse con su novio.
III. compensate III.I couldn’t come for the test. May I make it up today?
No pude venir para el examen. ¿Puedo compensarlo hoy?
IV. end a quarrel or IV. They quarrel every morning and make it up every evening.
misunderstanding Se pelean por la mañana y se amigan por la tarde.
• make up for compensate for She tried to make up for her past mistakes but it was too late.
Trató de compensar sus errores del pasado pero ya era tarde.
• make up to flatter, make friendly approaches Tom used to make up to his sister whenever he needed money.
to (colloquial) Tom solía adular a su hermana cuando necesitaba dinero.
• make up with re-establish a relationship end a After the misunderstanding, Luis made up with Raquel.
quarrel Luego del malentendido, Luis hizo se reconcilió con Raquel.
• mark down I. mark goods at a lower price, I. OM Personal CDs have been marked down by 30 %.
reduce the price Los CDs de OM Personal han sido rebajados en un 30 %.
II. make a note of in writing II. Mark this number down: 431-2568. It’s Kim’s phone number.
Anota este número: 431-2568. Es el teléfono de Kim.
23
P M E/T

• mark off separate by marking They will mark off the playing field tomorrow.
Mañana marcarán las divisiones en el campo de juego.
• mark out mark lines showing limits or Bill and Edwin have already marked out the tennis courts.
boundaries Bill y Edwin ya han marcado las canchas de tenis.
• mark up increase the price for resale Liza is doing a lot of money. She buys inexpensive dresses in Taiwan and then marks
them up.
Liza está haciendo mucho dinero. Compra vestidos a bajo precio en Taiwan y liego los
remarca (sube de precio).
• miss out omit The student answered the questions correctly, but missed out the sixth one.
El estudiante respondió correctamente las preguntas pero omitió la sexta.
• mix up confuse This boy always tries to mix up the teacher by asking irrelevant questions.
Este muchacho siempre trata de confundir al profesor haciendo preguntas irrelevantes.
• mop up wipe up Molly, please!! Mop up that pool of water in the bathroom.
¡¡Por favor, Molly!! Seca (pasa un trapo de piso a) ese charco de agua en el baño.
• mount up rise Our bills soon mounted up at that expensive hotel.
Nuestras cuentas enseguida subieron en un hotel tan caro.
• move along move farther in the direction ”Move along, please”, said the bus driver.
indicated ”Córranse, por favor”, dijo el conductor del ómnibus.
• move in take possession of living When are you moving in to your new apartment?
quarters ¿Cuándo te vas a mudar a tu nuevo departamento?
• move on move to another place A policeman moved on my car.
Un agente de policía movió (cambió de lugar) mi automóvil.
• move out give up possession of living Leila moved out yesterday and she is really exhausted now.
quarters Leila se mudó ayer y ahora está realmente agotada.
• muddle up mix up I’m all muddled up now after your attempt to explain Passive Voice and Reported
Speech to me.
Estoy totalmente confundido ahora luego de tu intento de explicarme Voz Pasiva y
Lenguaje Indirecto.
• muster up collect, gather together You will have to muster up all your courage for this hard task.
Tendrás que juntar coraje para realizar esta difícil tarea.
• narrow down reduce The suspects now have been narrowed down to three.
Ahora los sospechosos han sido reducidos a tres.
• nip along hurry (colloquial) The small car nipped along at sixty miles an hour.
El pequeño automóvil se movía a sesenta millas por hora.
• nip in enter quickly before someone When he saw the door open, Felix’s cat nipped in.
else (colloquial) Cuando vio la puerta abierta el gato de Felix se metió.
• nip off leave, go away (colloquial) I’m really sorry but I will have to nip off soon.
Lo siento realmente pero pronto tendré que irme.
• nip out go out for a short time We all decided to nip out for fresh air.
(colloquial) Todos decidimos salir en busca de un poco de aire fresco.
• nod off fall sleep Half the bus passengers were nodding off.
La mitad de los pasajeros en el ómnibus estaban dormitando.
• nose out find out, ascertain (colloquial) Mrs. Ferling nosed out the cause of the rumour.
La Sra. Ferling averiguó la causa del rumor.
• number off call out a number: one, two, The boys numbered off from left to right.
three, etc. Los muchachos cantaron los números de izquierda a derecha.
• offer up present to God (usually not The priest offered up prayers for rain.
separated with a noun) El sacerdote elevó plegarias por la lluvia.
• open out I. lay open, unfold I. When we arrived Martha opened out a blue tablecloth and spread it on the grass.
Cuando llegamos, Marta desenvolvió un mantel azul y lo desplegó sobre el césped.
II. develop II. This land has been opened out considerably; it is full of factories and houses now.
Esta tierra ha progresado considerablemente; está repleta de fábricas y casas ahora.
III. begin to be talkative III. After a few minutes the stranger opened up and began to tell us all about his life in
Russia.
Después de unos minutos el extraño tomó confianza y comenzó a contarnos toda su
vida en Rusia.
• open up I. lay open, throw open, cut I. The surgeon opened up the man’s arm and removed the bullet.
open, etc El cirujano abrió el brazo del hombre y extrajo la bala.
II. make accessible II. This small village has been opened up to tourists thanks to the new highway.
Este pequeño pueblo es accesible a los turistas gracias a la nueva autopista.
24
P M E/T

• order about give someone a lot of orders I’m tired of Billy always ordering us about.
compulsively Estoy cansado de que Billy nos esté dando órdenes todo el tiempo.
• order in command someone to enter She ordered her son in at once.
De inmediato le ordenó a su hijo que entrara.
• order out command someone to leave a room, He ordered the stranger out.
a house, etc, Le ordenó al extraño que se retirara.
• own up admit, confess The maid owned up and said she had broken the lamp accidentally.
La mucama admitió y dijo que había roto la lámpara accidentalmente.
• pack up I. put things away, get things ready I. Helen has already packed everything up for her rip.
for a journey, a holiday Helen ya ha empacado todo para su viaje.
II. stop work (colloquial) II. It’s time we packed up and went home.
Es hora de dejar de trabajar (guardar todo) e irnos a casa.
III. stop functioning, break down III. The car engine seems to have packed up.
Parece que el motor del automóil ha dejado de funcionar.
• pair off marry (colloquial and intransitive) Some of the students paired off after meeting one another at Burbon College.
Algunos estudiantes se casaron después de haberse conocido en la Universidad
Burbon.
• pal up with become friendly with (slang) Annie has already palled up with Joan and Sylvia.
Annie ya se ha hecho amiga de Joan y Sylvia.
• palm off get rid of a useless object He palmed off his old radio on me.
Me regaló (por inservible) su vieja radio.
• pan out result (colloquial) The new system seems to have panned out well.
El nuevo sistema parece haber salido bueno.
• paper over repair superficially They attempted to paper over their differences.
Ellos intentaron reparar sus diferencias.
• part with give up reluctantly Your books are occupying too much space. You’ll have to part with them.
Tus libros están ocupando demasiado espacio. Aunque no te guste, vas a tener
que deshacerte de ellos.
• pass along circulate, pass to people Pass this notice along, please.
Haz circular este aviso, por favor.
• pass away die The old man passed away last week.
El anciano falleció la semana pasada.
• pass back return Pass the book back when you have finished with it.
Devuelve el libro cuando hayas terminado con él.
• pass by I. move towards I. When I was passing by I heard a crash.
Justo cuando pasaba escuché un choque.
II. omit, disregard II. He passed that point by in his lecture.
Omitió (Se salteó) ese tema en su conferencia.
• pass off I. happen I. Her performance passed off quite successfully.
Su actuación fue realmente exitosa.
II. fade, decrease II. Has your toothache passed off yet?
¿Ya se te pasó el dolor de muelas?
• pass out faint, become unconscious It was so hot, I almost passed out.
Hizo tanto calor que casi me desmayo.
• pass up miss a chance, not take advantage She couldn’t pass up such an opportunity and left today.
No podía dejar pasar semejante oportunidad y se fue hoy.
• pay back I. return what is owing I. He has not paid the two hundred dollars back.
Todavía no ha devuelto los doscientos dólares.
II. take revenge on II. I shall pay him back for all he said about me.
Me vengaré (Le pagaré con la misma moneda) por todo lo que dijo de mí.
• pay in deposit money with a bank to one’s The auditor has found that more was drawn out from the bank than was paid in.
own or another’s account El auditor ha detectado que se ha extraído más dinero del banco del que fue
depositado.
• pension off dismiss with a pension Nice company!! He was pensioned off at the age of fifty.
¡¡Bonita empresa!! Lo jubilaron a la edad de cincuenta años.
• phase in introduce gradually The new program will be phased in over the next six months.
El nuevo programa será presentado progresivamente en los próximos seis meses.
• phase out cease gradually The old program will gradually be phased out.
El viejo programa será retirado gradualmente.
25
P M E/T

• pick on choose someone for kidding, be Because he was the youngest, the other boys picked on him.
unkind to Por ser el más joven los otros muchachos se metían con él.
• pick out I. choose, select I. She picked out the most expensive pair of shoes.
Escogió el par de zapatos más costoso.
II. distinguish II. I can’t pick you out on this old school photograph!!
¡¡No logro reconocerte en esta vieja fotografía escolar!!
• pick up I. lift up from the ground I. Please, pick up your feet. I’m cleaning the floor.
Por favor levanta los pies. Estoy limpiando el piso.
II. collect II. My wife is going to pick up some Concord grapes.
Mi esposa pasará a recoger algunas uvas Concord.
III. improve III. Our business is picking up.
Nuestro negocio está mejorando (progresando).
IV. learn casually IV. I picked this information up while waiting in the line to pay.
Me enteré por casualidad de esta información mientras hacía cola para pagar.
V. collect someone or something V. We can pick you up at six.
in a car, boat, etc Podemos pasar a buscarte a la seis.
VI. recover one’s strength VI. The patient has picked up considerably during this month.
El paciente se ha recuperado considerablemente este mes.
VII. rescue VII. The survivors were picked up near South Africa.
Los sobrevivientes fueron rescatados cerca de Sudáfrica.
• pin down get a commitment The Police tried to pin the boy down to details about the death.
La Policía intentó poner al muchacho contra la pared en busca de los antecedentes
de la muerte.
• pitch in help, set to work energetically If everyone pitches in, the work will be done in a few minutes.
(colloquial) Si todos colaborar, este trabajo se puede hacer en minutos.
• play along pretend to agree Let’s play along until we find out what his plans are.
Finjamos estar de acuerdo hasta que averigüemos cuáles son sus planes.
• play down make or cause to appear less He played down the importance of the news.
important Le dio muy poca importancia a las noticias.
• play off against encourage to fight Very cleverly Maria played one boyfriend off against the other.
Muy astutamente, María puso a un novio en contra del otro.
• play up to flatter (colloquial) For his own advantage, he always plays up to his boss.
Para ventaja propia, él siempre adula a su jefe.
• point out draw attention to, show, indicate She pointed out the advantages of the proposal.
Ella destacó las ventajas de la propuesta.
• polish off finish (colloquial) We polished off the rest of the apple pie.
Terminamos (Liquidamos) el resto del pastel de manzanas.
• prey on I. hunt and eat I. Brown bears prey on fish.
Los osos pardos pescan y devoran peces.
II. disturb II. This idea preys on my mind.
Esta idea agobia mi mente.
• provide for prepare for In our company we have provided for any emergency.
En nuestra empresa estamos preparados para emergencias.
• pull down demolish Many old buildings are pulled down to make way for new ones.
Muchos edificios antiguos se están demoliendo para hacer lugar a los nuevos.
• pull in vehicle arrives The bus pulled in next to the curb.
El ómnibus paró junto al cordón de la vereda.
• pull off win, succeed in Do you think she can pull off her new plan?
¿Crees que puede tener éxito con su nuevo plan?
• pull out of a vehicle leaves a place The train pulled out of the station.
El tren salió de la estación.
• pull out a vehicle leaves The train pulled out at ten o’clock.
El tren salió a las diez en punto.
• pull over drive to the side of the road The policeman ordered me to pull over.
El policía ordenó detenerme al costado de la carretera.
• pull up remove (weeds, etc) by pulling The gardener was pulling up weeds all the morning.
El jardinero estuvo desmalezando toda la mañana.
• pull through recover The doctor thinks his wife will pull through.
El doctor piensa que su esposa va a mejorar.
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• push on with go ahead, continue I must push on with my work.
Debo continuar con (dándole fuerte a) mi trabajo.
• put away put things tidily in their place It is time to put the toys away.
Es hora de guardar estos juguetes.
• put back return to original location Please put these books back on the shelf.
Por favor devuelve estos libros al estante.
• put down to attribute to We put his bad temper down to fatigue and work stress.
Atribuimos su mal carácter al cansancio y estrés laboral.
• put off postpone We cannot put off the meeting again.
No podemos postergar nuevamente la reunión.
• put on I. dress oneself in, put clothes on I. I put on my old clothes for the journey.
Me puse mi ropa vieja para el viaje.
II. gain, increase II. Has she put any weight on?
¿Ha subido ella algo de peso? (¿Engordó algo?)
III. switch on III. Put the light on, please.
Enciende la luz, por favor.
• put out I. place outside, expel, drive out I. Have you put out the cat?
¿Has sacado el gato?
II. extend, hold out II. He put out his hand for me to shake.
El extendió su mano para estrechar la mía.
III. begin a voyage, set sail III. Their tiny vessel put out to sea.
Su diminuta embarcación se hizo a la mar.
IV. extinguish IV. The six firemen soon put out the fire.
Los seis bomberos extinguieron pronto el incendio.
V. switch off V. Put out the lamp now, please.
Desconecte (Apague) la lámpara ahora, por favor.
VI. annoy (usually used in the VI. I was put out by his aggressive attitude to me.
passive) Me molestó su actitud agresiva hacia mí.
VII. inconvenience, trouble VII. He said he did not want to put us out by accepting our dinner.
Dijo que no quería incomodarnos al aceptar nuestra cena.
VIII. dislocate VIII. I must have put my shoulder out while I was playing tennis.
Debo haberme dislocado el hombro mientras jugaba tenis.
IX. publish IX. Dr. Wise has just put out a book on education.
El Dr. Wise acaba de publicar un libro sobre educación.
• put through I. carry out I. The new plan has been put through successfully.
El nuevo plan ha sido llevado a cabo con éxito.
II. connect by telephone II. Please, put me through to Extension 106.
(usually separated) Por favor, comuníqueme con el Interno 106.
• put on I. dress oneself in, put clothes on I. I put on my old clothes for the journey.
Me puse mi ropa vieja para el viaje.
II. gain, increase II. Has she put any weight on?
¿Ha subido ella algo de peso? (¿Engordó algo?)
III. switch on III. Put the light on, please.
Enciende la luz, por favor.
• put up I. raise, hold up I. Please help me to put this ladder up.
Por favor ayúdame a levantar esta escalera.
II. raise (prices) II. Bread has been put up to 4 dollars a kilo.
El pan ha sido incrementado a 4 dólares el kilo.
III. pack away, put aside, lay away III. We decided to put the deck chairs up for this winter.
Decidimos guardar las sillas de jardín por este invierno.
IV. build, erect IV. I’ve put a shed up at the end of my garden.
He construido un galpón en el fondo de mi jardín.
V. provide lodging and food V. We can put you up for the weekend.
Podemos alojarte durante el fin de semana.
VI. lodge VI. We put up for the night at Werton Lodge.
Nos hospedamos por la noche en la Posada Werton.
VII. propose for election, nominate VII. The party put up Mr. Reno as their candidate.
El partido propuso como candidato al Sr. Reno.
VIII. offer for sale by auction VIII. Three valuable pictures were put up for tomorrow’s auction.
Para el remate de mañana se colocaron tres valiosos cuadros.
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P M E/T

IX. provide for a business purpose IX. Mariana’s father put up the money for her dental clinic.
El padre de Mariana puso el dinero para su clínica dental.
X. offer a prayer X. The priest put up a prayer for safety in Spain.
El sacerdote elevó una plegaria por la seguridad en España.
• put up to instigate, urge to do wrong She put me up to playing a trick on the teacher.
(usually separated) Me incitó a hacerle una broma al profesor.
• put up with endure, tolerate, suffer When he lived in Buenos Aires and Santiago he had to put up with crowded buses.
Cuando vivía en Buenos Aires y Santiago tuvo que soportar ómnibus saturados de
gente.
• quiet down become quiet The city quieted down after the political disturbances.
La ciudad se calmó después de los disturbios políticos.
• queue up form a line to enter a theatre, They had to queue up for two hours in order to buy the tickets for The Phantom of
get on a bus or buy something the Opera.
(British English) Tuvieron que hacer una cola de dos horas para poder comprar las entradas para El
Fantasma de la Opera.
• read off read quicky or fluently He read off the names of the places he had visited.
Leyó rapidamente la lista de lugares que había visitado.
• read into find other meanings You are reading too much into her remarks.
Le estás dando demasiada importancia a sus comentarios.
• read on continue reading ”Read on, please”, said Mr. Puentes.
”Continúa leyendo, por favor”, dijo el Sr. Puentes.
• read out read aloud, in a loud voice Everybody listened as Walter read his report out.
Todos escuchaban mientras Walter leía su informe en voz alta.
• read over examine thoroughly by He read my short story over and gave me his opinion.
reading Leyó con atención mi cuento corto y me dio su opinión.
• read up on read about, study Whenever we travel, my wife and I like to read up on the places we are going to visit.
Cada vez que viajamos, a mi esposa y a mí nos gusta leer anticipadamente acerca de
los lugares que vamos a visitar.
• reason out reach a result by reasoning I cannot reason out an answer to this problem.
(separable) Me cuesta encontrar una respuesta a este problema.
• reason with try to persuade It is really hard to reason with an angry person.
Es muy difícil tratar de convencer a una persona enojada.
• reckon in include When I was counting up the money I had spent, I forgot to reckon in the three books
I had bought the day before.
Cuando estaba verificando el dinero que había gastado, olvidé incluir tres libros que
había comprado el día anterior.
• reckon on calculate on I hadn’t reckoned on being the center of attention in your party.
No estaba en mis cálculos ser el centro de atención de tu fiesta.
• reckon up count up, find the total number He quickly reckoned up the bill and wrote a cheque.
or amount of Rápidamente calculó la cuenta y extendió un cheque.
• reel off say quickly and without effort The student reeled off the names of twenty famous scientists.
recite a long list El estudiante recitó los nombres de veinte cientificos famosos.
• render up give up The noblemen had to render up their lands to the conqueror.
Los nobles tuvieron que entregar sus tierras al conquistador.
• ring off put down the telephone Helen suddenly rang off in the middle of the conversation.
De repente Helen cortó la comunicación telefónica en medio de la conversación.
• ring up telephone Ring me up at six o’clock.
Llámame por teléfono a las seis.
• rip off I. tear off quickly I. She ripped the coat cover off but saw nothing underneath.
Ella desgarró el forro de la chaqueta pero no halló nada dentro.
II. cheat, take advantage of, steal, II. ”Don’t buy anything at Kacharol. They’ll rip you off”.
rob (high prices) ”No compres nada en Kacharol. Te estafan (con los precios)”.
• rise above be superior to Rising above his circumstances, he studied at OM Personal for free and he managed
to succeed.
Superando su situación, estudió en OM Personal gratuitamente y logró alcanzar el
éxito.
• rope in persuade to help, induce We roped in everyone we could to help with this good cause.
someone to join a cause Persuadimos a todos los que pudimos para ayudar en esta noble causa.
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P M E/T

• round off I. complete with a suitable I. He rounded off his speech by thanking everyone who assisted him in his project.
ending Finalizó (redondeó) su discurso agradeciendo a todos los que lo habían ayudado
en su proyecto.
II. express as a round number II. The grocer rounded $102, 70 off to $103,00.
El almacenero redondeó dólares 102,70 a dólares 103,00.
• rub off remove a mark by rubbing She rubbed the soot off easily with this new product.
Quitó todo hollín fácilmente frotando con este producto nuevo.
• rub off on acquire from someone Some of his enthusiasm has rubbed off on me.
He adquirido (se me ha pegado) algo de su entusiasmo.
• rub out erase Be sure to rub out all the pencil marks.
Asegúrate de borrar todas las marcas de lápiz.
• rub up I. polish up I. He asked the goldsmith to rub up the ring.
Le solicitó al joyero que puliera su anillo.
II. revise II. Miguel started visiting OM Personal two years ago as he wanted to rub up his
English.
Miguel comenzó a visitar OM Personal hace dos años porque quería repasar su
inglés.
• rule out exclude, remove from The reporter said that none of the possibilities mentioned can be ruled out yet.
El reportero comunicó que ninguna de las posibilidades mencionadas pueden ser
descartadas todavía.
• run across find accidentally, find by chance Thelma ran across some interesting information.
Thelma encontró por casualidad una información interesante.
• run after pursue Some men ran after the cyclist who had stolen them.
Algunos hombres persiguieron al ciclista que los había robado.
• run away escape The thieves managed to run away with all the jewels.
Los ladrones se arreglaron para huir con todas las joyas.
• run down I. overtake and capture I. The police ran down the thief in the woods.
La policía capturó al ladrón en los bosques.
II. disparage, express a negative II. John is contantly running down his boss.
opinion of John está permanentemente descalificando a (hablando mal de) su jefe.
III. stop functioning III. The battery in my watch has run down.
La batería de mi reloj pulsera se ha agotado.
• run in drive slowly, not to damage I’m still running my car in.
the new engine Todavía estoy conduciendo mi auto a baja velocidad.
• run into I. meet accidentally, meet by I. I ran into my cousin downtown today.
chance Hoy me encontré por casualidad con mi primo en el centro.
II. colllide with II. A big bus ran into our car yesterday.
Un enorme ómnibus chocó nuestro automóvil ayer.
• run out expire The policeman told me that that my licence had run out.
El agente de policia me dijo que mi permiso de conducir había vencido.
• run out of finish, become exhausted ”We have run out of coffee. Why don’t you buy some, honey?”
”Nos quedamos sin café, ¿Por qué no compras algo, querida?”
• run over I. injured by a vehicle I. He was driving at high speed and ran over a dog.
Conducía a alta velocidad y atropelló a un perro.
II. overflow II. The water ran over and flooded the bathroom because Monica left the faucet on.
El agua corrió inundando el baño porque Mónica dejó la canilla abierta.
• run up against meet When you travel you run up against different kinds of people.
Cuando viajas te topas con diferentes clases de personas.
• save up spend sparingly, avoid the waste of Rogelio saved up enough money to buy a car.
Rogelio ahorró el suficiente dinero para comprar un automóvil.
• saw up cut into pieces with a saw He has already sawn the branch up.
Acaba de aserrar (cortar con un serrucho) la rama.
• scale down reduce Because of lack of funds, we had to scale down our plan.
A raíz de la falta de fondos tuvimos que reducir nuestro plan.
• scrape along manage to exist in spite of For five years we scraped along on my small pension.
difficulties Durante cinco años nos arreglamos con mi reducida pensión.
• scrape off remove mud, grease, paint She scraped out the sticky saucepan.
• scrape out Ella le quitó la grasa a la sucia sartén.
• scratch along manage to live (slang) Although their father was out of work, they scratched along.
Aunque su padre estaba sin trabajo se ingenieron para vivir.
29
P M E/T

• scratch out erase Scratch my name out, please: I don’t want to participate.
Borra mi nombre por favor: no quiero participar.
• screw up I. tighten by turning a screw I. He screwed up the door handle which was loose.
Atornilló la manija de la puerta que estaba suelta.
II. twist up II. She screwed the letter up and threw it into the wastepaper basket very angrily.
Ella retorció la carta y la arrojó al papelero muy fastidiada.
III. make tight, contract III. Janet screwed up her nose to show her disapproval.
Janet retorció su nariz para mostrar su desaprobación.
IV. gather up courage IV. I screwed up my courage and spoke to my wife.
Junté coraje y le hablé a mi esposa.
• scrub out remove by scrubbing Did she manage to scrub out the purple mark?
¿Se las arregló para quitar la mancha violácea?
• search out seek and find The first thing I did was to search out for my brother.
Lo primero que hice fue salir a buscar a mi hermano.
• see about be busy with She organized the party and I saw about getting the food.
Ella organizó la fiesta y yo me ocupé de conseguir la comida.
• see in welcome in They all waited to see the New Year in.
(usually separated) Todos esperaron para recibir el Año Nuevo.
• see through not be deceived by We all saw through them.
Todos supimos qué clase de personas era realmente.
• sell off sell a stock of goods very cheaply Finally we decided to sell off all the furniture.
Finalmente nos decidimos por liquidar todos los muebles.
• send away dismiss, fire Yesterday Mr. Rams sent Dolly away.
Ayer el Sr. Rams la echó (despidió) a Dolly.
• send away for order by mail We sent away for a new digital camera.
Compramos por correo una nueva cámara digital.
• send for ask to be sent You will have to send for your CD-ROMs.
Tendrás que mandar a buscar los CD-ROMs.
• send in mail in, email in She loves comments sent in by visitors.
A ella le encanta los mensajes enviados por los visitantes.
• send off dispatch OM Personal sends off almost 400 emails every day.
OM Personal despacha casi 400 correos electrónicos por día.
• send on send ahead or in advance We have sent on our luggage by train.
Hemos enviado nuestro equipaje por tren.
• send out distribute The circulars have all been sent out.
Todas las circulares han sido distribuidas (repartidas).
• serve up prepare, cook a meal She served up a delicious orange cake.
Ella preparó una torta de naranjas exquisita.
• set against make antagonistic She likes to set people against one another.
A ella le gusta poner en contra a las personas.
• set aside I. put on one side for use later on I. She set aside her winter coat and took out her summer dress.
Puso a un costado su abrigo de invierno y sacó su vestido veraniego.
II. reserve II. The hotel manager set two pleasant rooms aside for us.
El gerente del hotel nos reservó dos agradables habitaciones.
• set back delay This situation will set back the project by many years.
Esta situación retrasará el proyecto por varios años.
• set down deposit people, allow a passenger The bus stopped to set down an old lady.
to get down or out El autobus se detuvo para dejar bajar a una señora mayor.
• set in begin When the fall (autumn) sets in, leaves turn reddish.
Cuando comienza el otoño, las hojas se vuelven rojizas.
• set off I. start on a journey, leave I. What time did they set off?
¿A qué hora se fueron (de viaje)?
II. start a chain of events II. The unpopular law set off a series of protests.
La impopular ley desencadenó una serie de protestas.
III. start someone doing something III. The comedian set everyone off laughing.
El comediante empezó haciendo reir a todos.
IV. contrast with, embellish IV. The pink wall helps to set off those green curtains.
La pared rosada ayuda a destacar esas cortinas verdes.
V. explode V. Who set the firework off?
¿Quién hizo estallar los fuegos de artificio?
30
P M E/T

• set on order to attack We will set our dogs on any intruders.
Prepararemos a nuestros perros para atacar a cualquier intruso.
• set out start on a journey We set out at daybreak yesterday.
Partimos al alba ayer.
• set up I. place in position, erect I. They have set up a statue to Lennon in the park.
Han colocado un monumento a Lennon en el parque.
II. establish II. He set up a special group of soldiers to guard him.
Estableció un grupo especial de soldados para protegerlo.
• settle down become contented in a new The family soon settled down in India.
job or place La familia se adaptó pronto a la India.
• settle for reluctantly accept Since there were no strawberries, we had to settle for grapes.
Visto que no había fresas nos tuvimos que contentar con uvas.
• settle in move in and become used to We will come to visit you after you have both settled in.
Iremos a visitarlos después que se hayan adaptado.
• settle up pay one’s debts to Mario won the lottery and was able to settle up all his debts.
Mario ganó la lotería y pudo pagar todas sus deuda.
• shake out remove dust or dirt by shaking She picked up the blanket and shook the dust out.
Levantó la frazada y le sacudió el polvo.
• shout down stop from speaking by shouting The crowd shouted the speaker down.
La multitud gritó para que no se escuchara al orador.
• show off I. display I. The hostess showed off her china dishes to the guests.
La anfitriona mostró su vajilla de porcelana a los invitados.
II. act ostentatiously II. Don’t show off so much. Try to be modest.
No te mandes la parte. Trata de ser modesto.
• show up arrive I waited for him till noon and he showed up at 3 pm.
Lo esperé hasta el mediodía y apareció a las tres de la tarde.
• shrug off dismiss as unimportant They attempted to shrug off their mistake.
Intentaron hacer pasar desapercibido su error.
• shut up stop talking (slang) ”Shut up and listen to your father”, Paul’s mother said.
”Cállate y escucha a tu padre”, dijo la madre de Paul.
• side with support in a dispute That was unfair. Why did you side with him?
Eso no estuvo bien. ¿Por qué te pusiste de su lado?
• single out select from others You have been singled out for a vacation in Barcelona.
Ha sido seleccionado para unas vacaciones en Barcelona.
• sit out sit and endure I had to sit out (sit through) the lecture without falling asleep.
• sit through Tuve que soportar sentado la conferencia sin dormirme.
• sit up not go to bed I sat up all night waiting for you to come back.
Pasé en vela toda la noche esperando que regresaras.
• size up assess I quickly sized up his financial situation.
Rápidamente estimé (calculé) su situación financiera.
• sleep in sleep too long I’m sorry I’m late for work this morning.: I slept in.
Siento llegar tarde esta mañana: Me quedé dormido.
• sleep on continue sleeping She slept on after the phone had rung.
Ella continuó durmiendo después que sonó el teléfono.
• slice up cut into slices The baker sliced up the loaf.
El panadero cortó en rebanadas el pan.
• slip away go or move quietly or quickly The party was so boring that Mirtha and I slipped away when nobody was watching.
La fiesta fue tan aburrida que Mirta y yo nos escabullimos cuando nadie miraba.
• slow down reduce speed, go more slowly The driver slowed down at the roundabout.
(separable when transitive) El conductor redujo la velocidad en la rotonda.
• smooth over improve, get rid of difficulties, We all tried to smooth over the difficult situation.
problems Todos intentamos mejorar la difícil situación.
• soak up absorb The big sponge soaked up all the water on the floor.
La esponja grande absorbió todo el agua del piso.
• sort out organize, arrange or order by It will take some time to sort out this mess.
classes or categories Llevará cierto tiempo poner en orden este lío.
• sound out try to learn someone’s opinions We attempted to sound him out.
and intentions Intentamos tantearlo para conocer su opinión.
• speak out speak loudly, clearly Speak up!! We cannot hear you at the back of the room.
• speak up ¡¡Hable más fuerte!! No le escuchamos en el fondo de la sala.
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P M E/T

• speed up increase speed, accelerate, move He speeded up when he saw that he was being followed.
faster Aceleró cuando vio que lo perseguían.
• spell out say or write each letter of a word Will you please spell your last name out?
¿Puede deletrear su apellido?
• spit it out speak louder, tell everything (slang) Spit it out and let us know the truth.
Dilo de una vez y cuéntanos la verdad.
• split up divide OM Personal megaportal is split up into over 100 bilingual courses and tutorials.
El megaportal de OM Personal está dividido en más de 100 cursos y tutoriales
bilingües.
• spy out discover by spying He spied out the land and decided it was safe to proceed.
Espió el terreno y decidió que era seguro para avanzar
• stammer out stammer, speak not fluently They stammered out their apologies.
Tartamudearon al disculparse. (Se disculparon tartamudeando)
• stand by support, be ready to help or to act I hope you will stand by me in case I need your help.
Espero que me apoyes en caso de necesitar tu ayuda.)
• stand down resign from an important position, The President voluntarily stood down in favor of the new candidate.
retire El Presidente renunció voluntariamente en favor del nuevo candidato.
• stand for represent What does OM stand for? O stands for Orlando and M stands for Moure, the first
and last names of this megaportal’s owner.
¿Qué significa OM? O significa Orlando y M representa Moure, el nombre y apellido
del dueño de este megaportal.
• stand in for to substitute for someone; to do Your teacher is sick today, so I’m standing in for her.
(someone) someone’s job for them when they Vuestra maestra está enferma hoy, por ello la estoy reemplazando.
are not there:
• stand out be prominent Lucila is really smart and se always stands out in class.
Lucila es realmente lista y siempre se destaca en clase.
• stand up rise to one’s feet We all stood up when the ladies came into the club.
Todos nos pusimos de pie cuando las damas entraron al club.
• stand up for support My boss criticized Eliana and nobody stood up for her.
Mi jefe criticó a Eliana y nadie salió a defenderla.
• stand up to I. face bravely (with people) I. She will have to be brave and stand up to that situation.
Tendrá que ser fuerte y hacer frente a la situación.
II. withstand (with things) II. This car will stand up to all kinds of strains.
Este automóvil soportará todo tipo de esfuerzos.
• stay in remain at home I’m staying in this evening. I have a lot of work to do.
Me voy a quedar en casa esta noche, Tengo mucho por hacer.
• stay up remain out of bed Diana stayed up all night reading my book.
Diana se quedó levantada toda la noche leyendo mi libro.
• step down quit, resign, give up or retire Mr. Ronson stepped down for health reasons.
from a position El Sr. Ronson se retiró (renunció) por razones de salud.
• step in intervene The government had to step in to save the business.
El gobierno tuvo que intervenir para salvar el negocio.
• stick out for insist on (colloquial) The men stuck out for better conditions of employment.
Los hombres insistieron en mejores condiciones laborales.
• stick to adhere to The architect said that he would stick to the original plan.
El arquitecto dijo que se ajustaría al plano original.
• stick up for defend, support (colloquial) Will you stick up for me at the trial?
¿Me defenderás (apoyarás) en el juicio?
• stir up mix, move around She stirred up the jam with a wooden spoon.
Ella revolvió la mermelada con una cuchara de madera.
• stock up on lay in supplies We should stock up on every sort of exotic fruits.
Deberíamos abastecernos de todo tipo de frutas exóticas.
• strike off cross out Who struck my name off (out)?
• strike out ¿Quién tachó mi nombre?
• stumble across find accidentally The explorers stumbled across an interesting fossil.
Los exploradores hallaron (descubrieron) un interesante fósil.
• sum up summarize The director summed up the interview in a few words.
El director resumió la entrevista en unas pocas palabras.
32
P M E/T

• summon up gather together She attempted to summon up her courage and spoke.
Ella trató de juntar (hacerse de) coraje y habló.
• survive on survive using During last summer, they had to survive on vegetables.
Durante el verano pasado tuvieron que vivir comiendo fruta.
• switch off prevent electricity, etc. from flowing Switch the lights off, please.
by turning a switch Apaga las luces , por favor.
• switch on allow electricity, etc. to flow She switched on the ceiling fan.
by turning a switch Ella encendió el ventilador de techo.
• take aback surprise We were taken aback by the news of his departure.
Nos quedamos sorprendidos con la noticia de su partida.
• take after resemble an ancestor Paul takes after his grandfather.
Paul se parace a su abuelo.
• take along escort I took my sister along to the party.
Acompañé a mi hermana a la fiesta.
• take apart dismantle, divide into its constituent If you have to repair this PC, you have to take it apart first.
pieces Si quieres reparar esta PC tienes que desmontarla primero.
• take away remove He has locked the room and taken the key away.
Ha cerrado la habitación y se llevó la llave.
• take back return Take this book back. We don’t need it now.
Devuelve este libro. No lo necesitamos.
• take care of be in charge of Roger takes care his father’s business these days.
Roger está a cargo de los negocios de su padre estos dias.
• take down I. take to a lower place I. He went to the shelf and took down a book of poems.
Se dirigió al estante y bajó un libro de poemas.
II. pull down, pull to pieces II. Take down your model railway before tea.
Desarma tu tren de juguete antes del té.
III. write down, make a note of III. The reporters took down the speech.
Los reporteros tomaron nota del discurso.
IV. humble, lower the pride of IV. That fellow needs to be taken down.
someone A ese tipo hay que bajarle los humos.
• take in I. understand I. She told me that my son had taken her explanation in.
Me dijo que mi hijo había comprendido su explicación.
II. escort inside a house II. He took me in and offered me a cup of coffee.
Me hizo pasar y me ofreció una taza de café.
III. admit or receive as guests or III. This woman takes in lodgers at home.
lodgers Esta mujer recibe huéspedes en su casa.
IV. deceive, cheat IV. I was completely taken in by Monica’s disguise.
El disfraz de Mónica me engañó totalmente.
V. make smaller V. The tailor took in the suit at the waist.
El sastre achicó el traje en la cintura.
VI. subscribe to, buy regularly VI. I have just started to take in the OM Personal free newsletter.
Acabo de suscribirme al boletín gratuito de OM Personal.
• take off I. remove I. Please take off your hat.
Por favor quítate el sombrero.
II. deduct II. He took fifteen dollars off because I am a good customer.
Me descontó quince dólares porque soy un buen cliente.
III. mimic III. He is excellent at taking off famous stars.
Es excelente imitando artistas famosos.
IV. leave the ground, rise into the IV. Your flight is scheduled to take off at 3.00 pm.
air Tu vuelo está programado para despegar a las 15:00 horas.
• take on I. undertake work or responsibilites I. She was glad to take on the responsibility of looking after Marina’s kids..
Estaba contenta de asumir la responsabilidad de cuidar los chicos de Marina.
II. engage to work II. Sunrise Ltd. took on twenty additional people for the construction of the new bridge.
Sunrise Ltd. tomó veinte personas adicionales para la construcción del nuevo puente.
• take out I. carry outside a house, a room or I. OM Personal takes their CD parcels out and post them.
a building OM Personal sale a franquear los paquetes de sus CDs.
II. escort outside II. He took the dog out for two hours.
Sacó al perro por dos horas.
III. remove, extract III. How many teeth did the dentist take you out?
¿Cuantos dientes te extrajo el dentista?
33
P M E/T

IV. obtain a legal right or a IV. He took out a patent on his new invention.
document Obtuvo una patente de su nueva invención.
V. accompany out, invite out to a V. John took Patricia out to have dinner at Lola’s last night.
party, a restaurant, a dance Anoche John llevó a Patricia a cenar a Lola.
• take over assume control The new manager will take over at the beginning of June.
El nuevo gerente asumirá el cargo a principios de junio.
• take up I. raise, pick up I. Take the carpet up before you move the furniture.
Levanta la alfombra antes de mover los muebles.
II. occupy space, one’s time, one’s II. My job takes up most of my time.
energies Mi trabajo ocupa la mayor parte de mi tiempo.
III. begin to follow a profession, a III. The medical student decided to take up surgery.
hobby, a sport, a way of life El estudiante de medicina decidió emprender cirugía.
IV. shorten IV. I need to take this dress up at the bottom.
Necesito acortar el ruedo de este vestido.
V. arrest V. He was taken up by the police for drunkenness.
La policía lo arrestó por borrachera.
• take up on accept an offer I need a car so I would like to take you up on your offer.
Necesito un auto de modo que me gustaría aceptar tu oferta.
• take up with become friendly with Molly took up with Robert after he had saved her life in Miami.
Molly se hizo amiga de Robert después que él le había salvado la vida en Miami.
• talk away continue talking incessantly She talked away for over two hours and told me all her troubles.
Habló sin parar durante más de dos horas y me contó todos sus problemas.
• talk back to argue rudely with Don’t talk back to your father: listen to what he says.
No contestes mal a tu padre: escucha lo que dice.
• talk down silence a person by talking I tried to argue with her, but she talked me down.
Traté de discutir con ella pero no me dejó hablar.
• talk down to I. speak patronizingly I. He always talks down to people younger than he is.
Siempre trata como tontos a la personas más jóvenes que él.
II. talk in a disdainful way to II. She is unpopular because she often talks down to people.
No es apreciada porque a menudo haba mal de la gente.
• talk into persuade Can you talk Mabel into changing her strict point of view?
¿No puedes persuadir a Mabel para que cambie su estricto punto de vista?
• talk out of dissuade from We tried to talk him out of quitting jis job.
Tratamos de disuadirlo de renunciar a su trabajo.
• talk over discuss Let us talk it over before we decide.
Conversémoslo (Discutámoslo) antes de decidir.
• talk round persuade someone by talking Did you manage to talk your father round into lending us some money for the
(usually separated) apartment?
¿Lograste persuadir a tu padre para que nos preste algo de dinero para el
departamento?
• tamper with interfere with Someone has tampered with the lock.
Alguien ha alterado (modificado) la cerradura.
• tear off separate or remove by tearing He tore the paper off and opened his Christmas gift.
Arrancó el papel y abrió su regalo de Navidad.
• tear out pull out or remove by tearing Neil tore a page out and gave it to me.
Neil arrancó una página y me la entregó.
• tear up destroy by tearing, tear into pieces She tore up her husband’s letter.
Hizo pedazos la carta de su marido.
• tell off reprove, scold Betty’s boss told her off for being late.
El jefe de Betty la reprendió por llegar tarde.
• think out consider I need some time to think your proposal out (over).
• think over Necesito algo de tiempo para analizar tu propuesta.
• think up invent What will they think up next?
¿Qué inventarán la próxima vez?
• throw away get rid of I must throw all this rubbish away (out).
• throw out Tengo que tirar toda esta basura.
• throw over abandon He threw over his old frineds when when his father died.
Abandonó a sus viejos amigos cuando murió su padre.
34
P M E/T

• throw up I. raise I. They threw up their hands in utter amazement.
Levantaron las manos totalmente sorprendidos.
II. resign, quit II. She threw up her job because of her failing health.
Renunció a su trabajo debido a su debilitada salud.
III. vomit III. He ate too much and threw up at night.
Comió en exceso y vomitó de noche.
IV. reject, abandon IV. He threw up his previous plan of going to Paris for his vacation.
Abandonó su plan inicial de ir a París de vacaciones.
• thrust on force upon They thrust the responsibility upon the manager.
• thrust upon Obligaron al gerente a aceptar su responsabilidad.
• tick off mark with a tick She ticked off all the things she had packed up.
Ella tildó (marcó) todas las cosas que había empacado.
• tidy up put in order You must tidy up your room before the visitor arrives.
Tienes que ordenar la habitación antes que llegue el visitante.
• tie up I. bind up I. The thief tied up his victim.
El ladrón ató a su víctima.
II. be busy, not free II. I cannot see you tonight as I will be tied up all evening.
(usually in the passive) No puedo verte esta noche porque estaré tapado (lleno de trabajo) toda la tarde.
• tire out completely exhaust The long journey tired us all out.
El largo viaje nos dejó exhaustos a todos.
• total up add up in number and quantity The cashier totalled up the value of both cheques.
El cajero totalizó (sumó) el valor de ambos cheques.
• touch down land (of planes) The plane touched down at 9 am.
El avión bajó (aterrizó) a las 9 de la mañana.
• touch on mention She touched on many important subjects in class.
Ella tocó (mencionó) muchos temas importantes en clase.
• track down capture by tracking, search for and The detective finally tracked him down at the library.
find El detective finalmente lo localizó en la biblioteca.
• trade in give as part payment Why don’t you trade in your old car for a new one?
¿Por qué no canjeas tu viejo auto por uno nuevo?
• triffle away waste time, money, opportunities Don’t triffle away your time on parties and dances.
No desperdicies el tiempo en fiestas y bailes.
• trip up cause to stumble Walter put his foot out and stripped his sister up.
Walter estiró su pie e hizo tropezar a su hermana.
• try on test clothes by putting them on Helen tried on the new dress, but it didn’t fit her.
Helen se probó el vestido nuevo pero no le iba bien.
• try out test by using Let’s try out this new computer before buying it.
Probemos esta computadora antes de comprarla.
• tune in find a station on the radio We tuned in to listen to the B.B.C. program.
(separable when transitive) Sintonizamos la radio para escuchar el programa de la B.B.C.
• turn away I. turn or look in a different direction I. She turned away because the sight of the accident was too much for her to bear.
Ella se dio vuelta (apartó la vista) porque la visión del accidente era demasiado
fuerte para que soportarlo.
II. refuse admission, dismiss II. The stadium was full so many people had to be turned away.
El estadio estaba lleno y a mucha gente se le rechazó el ingreso.
• turn back turn in a reverse or contrary direction We decided to turn back when we saw all the cows in the middle of the road.
(separable when transitive) Decidimos dar vuelta (regresar) cuando vimos todas las vacas en el medio de la
carretera.
• turn down I. put down, fold over I. He turned down the collar of his coat.
Bajó el cuello de su abrigo.
II. reduce or make lower by turning II. She turned the radio down when the telephone rang.
(a switch, a faucet) Redujo el volumen de la radio cuando sonó el teléfono.
• turn in go to bed (colloquial) We decided to turn in early after our long journey.
Decidimos ir a la cama temprano luego de nuestro largo viaje.
• turn inside out reverse (usually separated) He turned all his pockets inside out but he couldn’t find his key.
Dio vuelta todos los bolsillos pero no pudo encontrar su llave.
• turn into change into Our sofa can be turned into a double bed.
Nuestro sillón puede ser convertido en una cama doble.
35
P M E/T

• turn off prevent water, electric current from Turn the lights off before you go to bed.
flowing by using a switch Apaga las luces antes de irte a la cama.
• turn on allow water, electric current to flow She turned on the television and sat down.
by using a switch Encendió el televisor y se sentó.
• turn out I. prove to be I. Everything turned out all right in the end.
Todo resultó bien al final.
II. produce II. The factory turns out twenty cars each day.
La fábrica produce veinte automóviles por día.
III. empty III. The police asked everyone to turn out their pockets.
La policía le pidió a todos que vaciaran sus bolsillos.
IV. extinguish by turning IV. Turn out the gas now: we’ve finished cooking.
Apaga el gas ahora: hemos terminado de cocinar.
• turn up I. appear, arrive (colloquial) I. Several friends of mine turned up at the meeting.
Varios amigos míos aparecieron en la reunión.
II. raise or make higher by turning II. They turned the volume up and a neighbor knocked at the door.
(a switch, a faucet) Subieron el volumen y un vecino golpeó a la puerta.
• turn upside down disturbe, disarrange She turned the whole house upside down when she tried to find the missing key.
(usually separated) Ella dio vuelta la casa cuando trató de encontrar la llave que faltaba.
• use up exhaust the supply of, consume We have used up all the printing paper. We need to buy more.
Hemos consumido todo el papel de impresión. Tenemos que comprar más.
• usher into lead, conduct The maid ushered us into the modern living-room.
La mucama nos condujo hasta la moderna sala de estar.
• verge on approach Her husband’s behavior always verges on rudeness.
El comportamiento de su marido siempre raya en la grosería.
• volunteer to do a task When I was younger I volunteered to teach English for free.
Cuando era más joven me ofrecí para enseñar inglés gratis.
• wade through slowly peruse We had to wade through a pile of documents.
Tuvimos que recorrer lentamente una pila de documentos.
• wait on attend, assist, help Two salesgirls are waiting on the customer.
Dos vendedoras están atendiendo al cliente.
• wait up for stay out of bed for He waited up for the news of his daughter.
Aguardó despierto las noticias de su hija.
• wake up stop sleeping He wakes up at six every day.
Se despierta a las seis todos los días.
• walk about stroll Before our flight back we spent a pleasant hour walking about the Buenos Aires
Botanical Garden.
Antes de nuestro vuelo de regreso pasamos una agradable hora paseando por el
Jardín Botánico de Buenos Aires.
• walk away with win easily, steal, take away They walked away with all the prizes.
Arrasaron con (Se robaron) todos los premios.
• walk out on leave, abandon My sister is sad because her boyfriend walked out on her.
Mi hermana está apenada porque su novio la dejó.
• walk out with court Jane is walking out with an old friend of hers.
Jane está saliendo con un viejo amigo suyo.
• warm up I. become or make warmer I. The small fire warmed up all the room.
(separable when transitive) El pequeño fuego calento toda la habitación.
II. become more animated II. He warmed up when he saw his brother again.
Se reanimó cuando vio a su hermano nuevamente.
• warn off inform in advance of what may The guard warned the intruder off not to enter.
happen El guardia le advirtió al intruso que no entrara.
• wash down clean a car, a ship by using a stream The crew spent two days washing the ship down.
or jet of water La tripulación se pasó dos dias baldeando el barco.
• wash off remove a stain by washing She was able to wash the dirty mark out.
• wash out Ella pudo eliminar la marca de suciedad.
• wash up clean dishes after a meal Who is washing up tonight?
(separable when transitive) ¿Quién va a lavar los platos esta noche?
• watch out for beware of, be careful with If you go into the jungle, watch out for tigers and snakes.
Si entras en la selva ten cuidado con los tigres y las víboras.
36
P M E/T

• watch out beware, be careful Watch out! The roads are icy today.
¡Ten cuidado! Las carreteras están resbaladizas hoy.
• watch over guard The shepherd watched over the sheep.
El pastor vigilaba las ovejas.
• water down dilute This soup has been watered down.
Esta sopa se ha aguado.
• wear away gradually reduce the height by The soles of his shoes were worn away.
• wear down constant wearing Las suelas de sus zapatos estaban desgastadas.
• wear off diminish, cease or disappear My toothache has now worn off.
gradually Mi dolor de muelas ya ha desaparecido.
• wear on pass slowly on The night wore on and still he could not sleep.
Transcurría la noche y aún así no se podía dormir.
• wear out I. gradually destroy by I. My jacket is wearing out, although it is only a year old.
wearing or using Mi chaqueta se está gastando aunque apenas tiene un año.
II. exhaust (separable but usually II. I felt worn out after the long flight to Australia.
used in the passive) Me sentía agotado después del largo vuelo a Australia.
• weed out remove weeds or what is unwanted The manager insisted that they had to weed out all the unsuitable candidates
as they had to weed out their gardens.
El gerente insistió que tenían que eliminar los postulantes inadecuados como
tenían que eliminar la maleza de sus jardines.
• weigh out estimate how heavy it is The greengrocer weighed out a kilo of strawberries for Molly.
El verdulero calculó un kilo de fresas para Molly.
• weigh up consider carefully He weighed up his chances of promotion before quitting.
El analizó sus oportunidades de ascenso antes de renunciar.
• while away spend some time pleasantly We whiled away the whole afternoon at the exhibition.
Pasamos toda la tarde en la exposición.
• win over convert This priest won over many people to Christianity.
Este sacerdote convirtió mucha gente al Cristianismo.
• win through survive, recover Despite all the hardships, he won through.
Sobrevivió a pesar de todas las privaciones.
• wind up I. turn the spring of a machine or I. I forgot to wind up my cuckoo clock last night.
a clock to make it go Anoche olvidé darle cuerda a mi reloj cucú.
II. end a meeting or speech II. The meeting will wind up with a few English songs.
(separable when transitive) La reunion finalizará con algunas canciones inglesas.
• wipe out destroy, annihilate A town near Miami was wiped out by the tornado.
Un pueblo próximo a Miami fue aniquilada por el tornado.
• wipe up take up liquid by wiping He rushed to wipe up the pool of coffee on the wooden floor.
Corrió a secar el charco de café sobre el piso de madera.
• wither up become dry, faded or dead Some flowers soon wither up under the rays of the sun.
Algunas flores se marchitan pronto bajo los rayos del sol.
• work in introduce The author worked in a few lines about his own life in Africa.
El autor introdujo algunas líneas sobre su vida en Africa.
• work in with fit in with His ideas for a new factory did not work in with those of his employers and
he was fired.
Sus ideas de una nueva planta no encajaron con las de sus empleadores y fue
despedido.
• work off get rid of, get over He worked off his depression by visiting Menem’s properties.
Superó su depresión visitando las propiedades de Menem.
• work out I. plan, solve by careful study I. Can you work this puzzle out?
¿Puedes resolver este acertijo?
II. exhaust by working II. The old coal mine has already been worked out.
La antigua mina de carbón ya ha sido agotada.
III. be calculated at III. The restaurant bill worked out at 20 dollars each.
La cuenta del restaurante resultó a 20 dólares por persona.
IV. produce the desired result IV. Their plan did not work out and the robbers were caught.
Su plan no funcionó y los ladrones fueron capturados.
• work up I. excite, arouse I. The dictator worked up the emotions of the crowd.
El dictador despertó las emociones de la multitud.
II. study more thoroughly II. She told us to work up 300 Phrasal Verbs for the exam.
Nos indicó que estudiáramos en detalle 300 Verbos Frasales para el examen.
37
P M E/T

• work up to progress gradually to His novel works up to a thrilling climax.
Su novela avanza gradualmente hacia un final apasionante.
• worm out find out by devious means find our Don’t let worm out your secret so easily.
without scruples No permitas que te sonsaquen tu secreto con tanta facilidad.
• wrap up I. cover, put round, roll up I. It was very cold so I wrapped myself up in a blanket.
Estaba muy frío de modo que me envolví en una manta.
II. wind or fold as a covering II. She wrapped up the gift in a beautiful silver paper.
Envolvió el regalo en un hermoso papel plateado.
• wriggle out of avoid Amanda always tries to wriggle out of her responsibilities.
Amanda siempre trata de evitar sus responsabilidades.
• wrinkle up to get wrinkles in perplexity He wrinkled up his face and admitted he was puzzled.
Frunció el ceño y aceptó estar esconcertado.
• write down make a note I wrote down the instructions.
Tomé nota de las instrucciones.
• write into add to in writing The terms were written into the lease.
Se agregaron por escrito las condiciones a la locación.
• write off cancel, regard as They were forced to write off several irretrievable debts.
Nos vimos forzados a dar de baja varias deudas incobrables.
• write oneself out exhaust one’s ideas in writing The novelist appears to have written himself out because nothing new has
emerged from his pen since 2000.
El novelista parece haber agotado sus ideas porque nada nuevo ha salido de
su pluma desde el año 2000.
• write out write in full The witness wrote out his account of the accident.
El testigo pasó en limpio su versión del accidente.
• write up compose in writing I used my notes to write up the report.
Usé mis notas para redactar el informe.
• yearn after desire strongly Helen yearned after the sight of the old, familiar house.
Helen añoraba ver la vieja casa familiar.
• yearn for have affection for; feel tenderness Both brothers yearn for their native land in Spain.
for Los dos hermanos añoran su tierra natal en España.
38

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L O P V

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

P M E/T

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