A Vision For Dublin 2050 - Dublin Chamber Report
A Vision For Dublin 2050 - Dublin Chamber Report
A Vision For Dublin 2050 - Dublin Chamber Report
FOR DUBLIN
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
CEO
WELCOME
REPORT
CONTENTS
CONTENTS 02
Dublin: A Vision for Dublin 2050 was written by
Dr Rob Mooney, Amárach Research
03
EXECUTIVE
Dublin’s history is evident in its cobbled streets, Victorian socio-economic status. The second was an open survey,
buildings and medieval cathedrals, steeped in the stories capturing the opinions of more than 20,000 people through
of ancient traditions, of writers, poets and artists. In more The Great Dublin Survey.
recent times, Dublin’s story is one of soaring wealth, deep People and their wellbeing form the heart of the vision
recession, stalwart resilience and determined recovery. of Dublin’s future. Dubliners see their city currently as
The Dublin of 2017 embraces its native population and beautiful, lively, friendly and fun, yet also somewhat
newcomers alike, forming a modern and vibrant urban expensive. They also feel that it could be cleaner, safer and
community with a multifaceted identity. more environmentally friendly.
We set out to explore this complex city and develop a grand Access to amenities, an urban lifestyle and the appeal
vision for the Dublin of 2050. Such a vision is necessary given of a walkable city are the main factors that attract people
the current and expected growth of the city and because of to living in Dublin. But Dubliners also want a responsive
Dublin’s huge importance to the success of Ireland. transportation system; equal access to a world-class
The population of the Greater Dublin Area has grown healthcare system; affordable and appropriate housing;
to more than 1.9 million. By 2050, this is likely to top 2.6 high-quality employment; a thriving cultural scene;
million. This burgeoning population will present a greater a multicultural population empowered to express
demand on resources, particularly as Ireland’s age profile individuality; and a city that is safe and open to all.
will be older. Dubliners see their future as smart citizens who employ
Such changes present challenges for appropriate planning digital innovations such as virtual reality, artificial intelligence
to meet the needs of future generations. New plans need and real-time use of data to overcome the barriers they
to focus on infrastructure, while at the same time being face. They also want an increased opportunity to participate
responsive to emerging societal risks such as climate in the social and political decisions that guide their lives.
change, changing geopolitical and economic trends, and Dubliners believe that we are likely to see skyscrapers
new technologies. on the Dublin skyline by 2050, to help facilitate greater
This vision is based on the dreams and ambitions of the population density. Their vision revolves around human
people who live in Dublin city, those who feel a connection needs, a sense of community, quality of life and a planning
with the city and those who have an interest in seeing it system that reflects this.
thrive and prosper over the coming years. To capture these The Dublin encapsulated in this vision is one in which all
aspirations, we asked how people they see themselves now people would thrive as they live, play, work, raise families or
and what the future might hold. Ultimately, we asked what grow old. To achieve this, we must become more adaptive
can happen if we dream, plan and build effectively, distilling while retaining that core sense of Dublin community.
the voices of Dubliners – and those with an interest in This report offers a futuristic vision. As we do not have
Dublin’s future - to define our vision and drive ambition in access to hard facts about 2050, what we predict will not
our thinking. necessarily materialise. It is not about being right – it is about
This report embodies the ideal life of the Dubliner of the being ready. We present the vision of the people of Dublin
future, in terms of: physical and social environments; as a set of visionary and engaging goals. To adequately
education; family and community; the role of technology represent their opinions, we asked our respondents to
in daily life; and the infrastructure needed and desired to discuss three main themes:
support how people will work, live and move around the city. 1) Who the Dubliners of today are, how they would describe
To understand the Dubliners of today, we conducted their city, and how they feel about it;
two parallel studies. One was a representative sample of 2) What their vision of the Dublin of 2050 is; and
Dubliners today across age, gender, region of Dublin and 3) How they think we can get there.
INTRODUCTION 04
39% 25% 44% 16%
The
European
Union
21% 34% 60% 11% 49% 13%
37%
Social Multina-
Citizens
The Irish
29%
Less influence Government media tionals
Same
29% 37% 40%
More influence
WOULD LIVE IN THE CITY CENTRE WOULD NOT LIVE IN THE CITY CENTRE
8 in 10 would prefer to buy their own home 3 in 10 would prefer to rent their own home
Paperless society AI
16% 61% 20% 53%
Agree
All public transport will be powered by renewable energy It will be possible to fly directly from Dublin to NY in an hour
56% 32%
Fast trains will allow for travel between Dublin and any other All cycle lanes wthin the M50 will be segregated, allowing
Irish city within 60 minutes for safe travel to anywhere in the city
54% 45%
05
CEO WELCOME
What do the people of Dublin want their city to be like in ‘THERE HAS NEVER
the future? That’s what we set out to discover when we BEEN A MORE
launched the Dublin 2050 initiative in 2016. IMPORTANT TIME
Eighteen months on, we are delighted to share the TO TALK ABOUT
fruits of the project in the form of this document and the DUBLIN’S FUTURE.
accompanying Dublin 2050 video, which can be found at AS THE CAPITAL
www.dublinchamber.ie. OF IRELAND, AND
There has never been a more important time to talk about THE POWERHOUSE
Dublin’s future. As the capital of Ireland, and the power- OF THE NATIONAL
house of the national economy, it is vital for everyone that ECONOMY, IT
Dublin works. Our aim in establishing this initiative was to IS VITAL FOR
explore the much-needed better long-term planning in the EVERYONE THAT
Dublin region. DUBLIN WORKS.’
A key part of the initiative over the past year was The Great
Dublin Survey – a series of thought-provoking questions we
asked the people of Dublin – and also anyone who feels a
connection or who has an interest in the city’s future – to
answer. The aim of the Survey was to capture the ideas,
hopes, wants and aspirations of all these people.
Getting people to open up was easy as the conversa-
tion about Dublin’s future was already taking place. Dublin
Chamber set out to ignite those discussions. We succeeded
too, with more than 20,000 people filling out the survey and
many more engaging with us directly and via social media.
In total, more than 1.4 million people interacted with Great
Dublin Survey content. Thank you to everyone who took
part - for your help shaping the future of your city.
When it comes to quality of life, Dublin currently sits out-
side the top 30 cities in the world. Dublin Chamber wants to
see Dublin rise up those rankings and challenge the world’s
best cities for the standard of living on offer.
Over the coming months and years, we will to continue to
work to make Dublin a better place to work, live and visit,
both for current and future generations. We hope that you
will help us and join us on the journey.
Enjoy A Vision for Dublin 2050.
INTRODUCTION 06
ECOSYSTEM PEOPLE
Physical and Social Community
Environments and belonging
QUALITY
OF LIFE
AND LIVING
TECHNOLOGY MOVING
Connected AND LIVING
and enabled Housing, transport,
education and
infrastructure
“WE ARE MADE The first records of Dublin are found in the histories of the
WISE NOT BY THE Viking raids in the 8th and 9th centuries. Originally, it was
RECOLLECTION OF named Dubh Linn (Black Pool) after the lake where the Danes
OUR PAST, BUT BY THE moored their boats. In the 11th century, Dublin became
RESPONSIBILITY FOR prosperous thanks to its close trading with English towns.
OUR FUTURE.” Devastated by fire in 1190, Dublin was rebuilt as a stone
fortress some time in the early 13th century. It established
one of the oldest universities in this region of the world,
Trinity College Dublin, in the 16th century.
Modern Dublin, from the 18th century, saw the
establishment of many of the iconic buildings we see today,
including Parliament House and the Royal Exchange/City
Hall. The City Corporation was created in 1757 and the
famous Guinness Storehouse was established in 1759. By the
end of the 18th century, the Grand Canal, O’Connell Bridge
and Kilmainham Gaol were added to the cityscape. The
19th century saw the construction of the Gasworks and the
introduction of street lighting. Later, the 1916 Easter Rising,
War of Independence and Civil War were to change Dublin
forever.
Dublin’s reputation as a global seat of literary genius is
well-earned, as the city has produced a cornucopia of world-
famous poets, writers and playwrights.
“I WANT TO REVEAL Dublin celebrated its official millennium in 1988 and has
IN A SIMPLE WAY THE drawn explorers and travellers to make their lives here,
USUAL - AND UNUSUAL adding to the rich diversity of the city’s character over this
- LIFE OF THE CITY; long period.
THE CORPORATION In more recent times, the economic boom brought huge
WORKMAN, THE changes to the city through commercial and residential
BUSMEN, POLICEMEN, development, new services and new infrastructure. The
THE CIVIL SERVANTS, city grew fast, both demographically and culturally. A rapid
THE THEATRES, MOORE influx of migrants established minority ethnic communities,
STREET AND ALSO, partially fueling a population increase and encouraging
WHAT OCCUPIES multiculturalism. This is evident in the increased number
SO LARGE A PLACE and diversity of cafés, restaurants, pubs, clubs and means of
IN DUBLIN’S LIFE, socialising in Dublin. Dublin’s contemporary artists now stem
THE LITERARY AND from diverse socio-historical backgrounds, representing a
ARTISTIC. “ new approach to Dublin in their works.
The city remains the seat of Ireland’s government and
commerce. In 2010, Dublin was ranked by the Globalisation
SOCIAL
CLASS
61% 39%
ABC1F50 C2DEF50
GENDER
51% 49%
45-54
35-44
25-34
18-24
55+
AGE
‘FUTURE
GENERATIONS ‘I AM ‘I LIVE FOR ‘I FIND
ARE MORE CONTENT’ TODAY’ INNOVATIONS
IMPORTANT’ POINTLESS’
The results show that today’s Dubliners are creative but The majority of Dubliners are happy liv-
cautious, yet all the while are open to trying new things. ing in the here and now, and are optimis-
Planning for the future, taking risks, and welcoming tic and excited about the future. However,
innovations are all things we are open to, with most people the research suggests that this perception
feeling that these provide opportunities to make life easier. is stronger among the better-off in soci-
They also have a sense of collective consumer responsibility, ety, pointing to certain socio-economic
as evidenced by their effort to buy ethical products. Around inequalities. Most respondents are enthu-
half of respondents agree that the needs of future generations siastic and optimistic about the role of
are more important, highlighting the expectation of long- future technologies, and expect them to
term planning. have a positive effect on lives.
I would prefer to be I am optimistic about I am mainly excited I expect that future technol-
living in the Dublin of 2050 life in Dublin for future about the future for Dublin ogies will have a mainly posi-
generations in 2050 tive effect on my life by 2050
I prefer living in
today’s Dublin I am pessimistic about I am worried about the I expect that future technol-
life in Dublin for future future for Dublin in 2050 ogies will have a mainly nega-
generations tive effect on my life by 2050
CLEAN DIRTY
6K
5K
NUMBER OF OFFENCES
4K
3K
2K
Burglary and related offences
Public order and other social code offences
Public order and other social code offences
1K
2005 Q1
2005 Q2
2005 Q3
2005 Q4
2006 Q1
2006 Q2
2006 Q3
2006 Q4
2007 Q1
2007 Q2
2007 Q3
2007 Q4
2008 Q1
2008 Q2
2008 Q3
2008 Q4
2009 Q1
2009 Q2
2009 Q3
2009 Q4
2010 Q1
2010 Q2
2010 Q3
2010 Q4
2011 Q1
2011 Q2
2011 Q3
2011 Q4
2012 Q1
2012 Q2
2012 Q3
2012 Q4
2013 Q1
2013 Q2
2013 Q3
2013 Q4
2014 Q1
2014 Q2
2014 Q3
2014 Q4
2015 Q1
2015 Q2
2015 Q3
2015 Q4
2016 Q4
Figure: Crime statistics Dublin: burglary, property damage, and public order offenses
While these challenges are relatively straightforward, a “Children should be counted and
larger issue is making the people of Dublin feel safe. Alarm- appreciated as the next generation,
ingly, only 1 in 5 people describe Dublin as safe – a feeling
and be considered invaluable to our
that is higher among the older age groups and people who
are not originally from the capital.
country. Families should have every
help they need ... If this is done, the
CRIME Ireland in 2050 will be better in every
Crime statistics provided by the CSO suggest that homicide way, as people who live in Dublin/
remains low, while there have also been declines in burglaries, Ireland are the key to making this
damage to property and public order offences since 2005. beautiful city and country better. My
This suggests that while many Dubliners do not feel safe,
grandchildren will be alive and I hope
that feeling is a product of their expectations of a peaceful
city; the factual evidence indicates that crime is decreasing.
they will make a positive mark to their
It falls to the planners and policy makers to bridge the gap country and their city.”
between perception and experience. - DUBLINER
O DUBLIN,
HOW DO I
COMPARE THEE?
We asked Dubliners to rate how Dublin compares with
other cities they had visited on a number of issues.*
SYDNEY (30) “Dublin should be in the top 5 cities in the world for quality of life. The transport
system should be world class. We should have a proper underground rail network.
We should have tall buildings. We should live in a society where there is earned
buy-in and trust between the people and government.”
- DUBLINER
Overall, Dublin fared reasonably well, but Dublin could certainly learn a few things
there are areas that need work if the city from cities such as Stockholm and
is to compete with these other cities. Sydney.
DUBLIN
IN 2050
Jane gets up for work at 7am. Her predictive thermostat Jane feels a pain in her left ankle during her walk from the
recognises her daily routine and switches off her heating in train station to the office. She recalls tripping over during
preparation for her departure. Jane takes the 7.40am high her camogie match the night before. When she gets to the
speed DART Underground train from Inchicore, which gets office, she visits her company’s drop-in medical unit and puts
her into Dublin city centre in 10 minutes. She notices that her foot into a scanning machine. The scan is sent instantly
the shrubs lining the walkways are starting to bloom follow- to Jane’s GP, who emails her later that morning to tell she has
ing a mild few days. Drones whizz overhead as the first deliv- a sprained ankle and to take it easy for the next 7-10 days.
eries of the day are made around the city.
18
Welcoming
Dublin is described as friendly and welcoming, 80% 80%
FRIENDLY 77%
with 3 in 5 respondents scoring us highly.
WELCOMING While half of respondents viewed Dublin as
family-friendly, Sydney and Stockholm still
FAMILY-FRIENDLY come out ahead.
60%
50%
49%
50%
42%
39%
40%
30%
29%
30% 23%
19% 21%
20%
10%
48% 49%
50% 43% 43% 44%
40%
30%
20%
10%
48%
50%
37%
40%
30%
27%
30% 23%
20%
10%
city
lean
ac
po
as
nd
en
ts l m
v i ew h o
e d S toc k
DUBLIN BERLIN
22% 76%
SYDNEY
80%
rful city
8 0% o f r e
o l ou
ac
sp
on
as
de
nt n a
sv lo
i ewed Ba rce
DUBLIN SYDNEY
46% 80%
AMSTERDAM
72%
y
cit
nd
nt
fu
e
sv s a
i ew a
ed Sydney
DUBLIN NEW YORK
51% 79%
BARCELONA
76%
Fun!
Dublin is fun, exciting and lively, keeping
good company with Amsterdam,
Barcelona, Bangkok, New York and
Sydney. While it may not be possible
to compete with the Big Apple, Dublin
certainly punches above its weight.
o de r n c i t y
8 0% o f r e
am
sp
on
de
as
nt r k
sv o
i ewed New Y
DUBLIN SYDNEY
43% 83%
STOCKHOLM
82%
y it 20%
y c
dl
en
fr i
-
holm as an eco
Eco-friendly
ock
Few cities were viewed as
eco-friendly. Stockholm,
Copenhagen and Sydney
St
led the way. One in 5
SYDNEY
viewed Dublin as eco- ed
friendly, putting it in the
ew 47%
same bracket as London,
78 v i
ts
Edinburgh, and New York.
%o en
f respond
SYDNEY
60%
Unsafe
Dublin scored poorly in terms of safety.
Only London scored lower. Safety is a quality
that Dubliners found to be more prevalent
in Sydney, Copenhagen and Stockholm.
As safety is fundamental to the creation of
vibrant family-friendly city spaces where
BERLIN
people can live for the long term, we would
be well advised to examine the practices in
these cities and make changes to improve
50%
the perception of Dublin.
Expensive
78%
c i ty
e
iv s
e n
p x
as an e
8 4% o f
g en
Noisy
Almost half of respondents felt
ha
that Dublin is noisy. Stockholm,
re
on
as the quietest cities. Few believe
Dublin to be boring, but it is worth
noting that Sydney, New York,
de o p
Berlin, London and Amsterdam
outscore us on this metric.
nts v i ewed C
DUBLIN
45%
DUBLIN
IN 2050
Lukasz lives in Blackrock. His mother, Agata, who moved to Later that day, Lukasz’s phone reminds him to get active.
Dublin from Poland with her father during the Celtic Tiger He works from home most of the time, so he uses the com-
years, lives alone in an apartment in the centre of Dublin. munity gym in the local park. He bumps into a neighbour and
Lukasz doesn’t have time to visit her every day, but they they grab a coffee. He picks up his two kids on the short walk
video call each evening. The electronic items in Agata’s home and they drop into the local shop to pick up something
apartment send regular pulse signals to an app on Lukasz for dinner. Another message from the FoodShare app on his
and his wife Saoirse’s phones every day, letting them know phone tells him that a family on his street have vegetables
that Agata is up and about. Agata is content, knowing that going spare that they’re not going to use. He sends a voice
her family aren’t worrying about her wellbeing. message to say he’ll collect them on his way past.
26
DEFINING A
QUALITY OF LIFE
IN 2050
“IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS YOUR NUMBER ONE OBJECTIVE, QUALITY OF
LIFE ALMOST NEVER IMPROVES. BUT IF QUALITY OF LIFE IS YOUR NUMBER
ONE OBJECTIVE, STANDARD OF LIVING INVARIABLY IMPROVES.”
-ZIG ZIGLAR
89% 87%
89%
Respondents were asked to highlight the factors that they see environment that is conducive to bringing up children. This
as important to quality of life. There were with few surprises, speaks to the value we place on family and community, as
with Dubliners pinpointing a world-class healthcare system, well as the intergenerational responsibility we feel for future
a world-class education system that is available to all, and an Dubliners.
A world-class public transport system also ranked highly, “I would like to see a vibrant, hip city, not
being the fourth most important factor for quality of life. weighed down by endless bureaucracy
Respondents also cited a desire for Dublin to be a great place
within the public institutions. A city
to grow old, a city in which everyone will be able to afford to
rent a home, and that provides a great place to work. This that’s able to move with the times and
reflects other priorities such as an equality of opportunity, keep pace with international trends.
access to a home, and a work-life balance facilitated by - DUBLINER
reasonable commuting times.
DUBLIN
IN 2050
Stephen prepares to leave his apartment on George’s Quay to Dublin Airport to catch a flight to Madrid. As the €2 fare is
at 6.30am. He kisses the heads of his husband and three deducted from his account, he smiles to himself, recalling a
sleeping children and takes a quick look out the window recent conversation with his father who told him he used to
of his 12th floor apartment and sees blue skies - a perfect pay for things using pieces of paper and metal.
morning for flying. Stephen boards the northbound Metro and arrives at Termi-
He makes the 2-minute walk to the underground station nal 3 just before 7am. His bag is automatically scanned as he
beneath O’Connell Street. He walks through the sensor bar- strolls through the terminal and he boards the 7.30am flight to
riers which detect from his mobile phone that he is heading Madrid. He lands 75 minutes later at Madrid-Barajas Airport.
30
DAY IN THE LIFE
DUBLIN
IN 2050
Rafael leaves for school with a big smile on his face. It’s freely, without the heavy book-filled rucksacks that their
his 12th birthday and he got exactly what he wanted - a parents once had to carry around. With new technology,
red bike. He jumps on it and cycles away from his home school is now paperless. The trio pass through the pedes-
in Smithfield. At the end of the road he meets up with his trian plaza on College Green, where a mix of Council work-
two best friends, Muhammad and Saoirse, and they cycle ers and robots are building a performance stage. The three
the segregated cycle path along the north Quays and over kids will all be back there at the weekend with their families
the ‘snake’ cycle bridge which spans the crystal clear River to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the plaza opening.
Liffey. Below them, a group of swimmers enjoy an early Back at home, Rafael’s father glances at an app on his
morning swim in the solar-heated public pool. mobile phone, linked to a sensor on Rafael’s bike, which
The three kids continue on their 2 kilometre cycle to lets him see that the kids have almost reached their
school beside St Stephen’s Green. They cycle quickly and destination.
31
INNOVATION AND
TECHNOLOGY
NOT LIKELY
LIKELY
Dubliners have a vision of the future in which contemporary technologies will have a greater impact
on our lives, but they remain reserved in their expectations of radical change.
The prevailing opinion is that virtual reality (VR) technologies to pay for goods and services. This virtual domain will radically
will be an integral part of our daily lives, that we will live in a transform the fundamental way we engage with marketing
paperless society and that we will no longer use notes/coins and advertising, and how we manage our consumer spending.
9% 16%
Paperless society
16% 61%
VR
10% 65% In addition to the further integration of the collection, collation
and use of data to guide our daily activities, Dubliners believe
AI that VR working environments will be a common option and
allow people to telecommute to work.
20% 53%
DUBLIN
IN 2050
Kirsten wakes around 10am on Friday morning. She worked the apartment is using the shower - so that the appropriate
late the previous night as she had a hologram meeting with amount can be deducted from her quota. As she showers
her colleagues in Tokyo and San Francisco. The voice-acti- she browses her personalised news headlines on the show-
vated curtains open to reveal bright sunlight striking the er’s smartwall. She reads the reaction to the 2050 All Ireland
pavements outside. Kirsten is relieved to see that it’s been football final. Mayo finally won it.
raining - her cloudburst tank had been running low and the Jane leaves her Ranelagh apartment and jumps on the Luas
overnight downpour will have replenished stocks. Her smart 2, which drops her in Dundrum. From there she hops into
wrist watch vibrates to tell her that it’s time to get ready; one of the brightly coloured pods that glide along the com-
she’s due to meet her mother for a walk - and probably lunch muter cable-car route to Ticknock. Kirsten looks down at the
- in the Dublin Mountains later that morning. streams of driverless cars rolling along the M50 below her.
Her smart home app tells her she has enough water She points her smart watch at the sun-kissed city in the dis-
for a steam shower, which she activates by scanning her tance and tells it to take a picture. The device uploads the 8k
thumb-print. This identifies which of the 4 people living in picture to her social media accounts.
34
PLANNING
FOR 2050
“We need more family-centric
thinking in planning and developing
the city. Planning permission
should be granted to well-designed
skyscraper buildings in the
Docklands. Tall buildings should
be introduced into Dublin in a way
which complements the historic
beauty of the city centre.”
-DUBLINER
6%
9% 16%
21%
18%
More
appealing Better
urban access to
lifestyle amenities
35% RECLAIMED
LAND
33%
26%
31% 12%
Dislike city 13%
Too many Unappealing
lifestyle/ Noise
people/ to older
like rural or levels
crowded/busy/ generation
suburban
hectic
lifestyle
“I’d like to see more public art decorating the While Dubliners believe it is inevitable that the city’s
city. There should be areas for public grafiti population will rise, only 3 in 10 people expect that Dublin
too. The colour and vibrancy art brings to will be a good place to bring up children in 2050. This is a
critical planning issue that needs to be addressed if Dublin
a city is so important to the wellbeing and
is to become a desirable space for families to live and for
mood of the people living there.” parents bring up children.
-DUBLINER
Social Streaming
media media Scientists Multinationals
The Irish
Citizens European businesses TV/Radio
Union
“Business is the force of change. Business is Many respondents felt that citizens themselves would have
essential to solving the climate crisis, because this more influence, implying growing importance of the public’s
is what business is best at: innovating, changing, input in decision-making. Many felt that the county councils
would have the same or less influence, as would charities
addressing risks, searching for opportunities.
and the GAA, suggesting a slight reduction in the influence
There is no more vital task.”
of local politics and civil society.
- RICHARD BRANSON Over two thirds of Dubliners believe that religion will
have less influence on life in 2050. Meanwhile, over half of
The majority believe that social media and streaming media respondents expect the role of newspapers to decline.
will have more of an influence on our lives in the future. Respondents’ opinions about the politics of the future also
Expectations are high that the role of scientists in society will extended to political institutions and the form governance
be more pronounced, reflecting the growing prominence of will take. The overwhelming majority expect the influence
research and innovation in the public domain. of the Irish government to remain the same or to decline.
Approximately half felt that multinationals would have However, respondents expect the European Union to have
more influence on Irish life, while less than 1 in 5 said they a greater say, with 2 in 5 believing that it would have more
expect trade unions to have a stronger say on life. influence.
‘A bright future beckons for those who work for it. Our
destiny is in our own hands…’
44
DUBLIN
Dublin
The sun that rises
with the blue,
I see you.
An evergreen metropolis
Holding irm to its roots
For a tree is always known by its fruit.
Dublin is moving
Into times of convenience
That’ll leave you speechless
And make you a storyteller.
Dublin
Baile Atha Clíath
Grá mo chroí
Take me there.
BY Lewis Kenny
46
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
DUBLIN CHAMBER WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS
FOR THEIR HELP IN PRODUCING THIS VISION (IN NO PARTICULAR ORDER…)