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    Mini Wind Note

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    Zack Obega
    A force is a push or pull that causes an object to change its speed, direction, or shape. Forces have both magnitude and direction. The four main forces that affect flying objects are weight (gravity), lift (air pressure differences), thrust (propulsion), and drag (friction and air pressure differences). Fluids are substances that deform continuously under stress and include liquids and gases. Drag and lift forces oppose or aid the speed and weight of an object moving through a fluid, depending on flow speed and angle of attack. The Betz limit is the theoretical maximum efficiency of a wind turbine, which is 59.3% based on Albert Betz's work in 1919 on conserving mass and momentum of the air flowing through a

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    Mini Wind Note

    Uploaded by

    Zack Obega
    21 views2 pages
    A force is a push or pull that causes an object to change its speed, direction, or shape. Forces have both magnitude and direction. The four main forces that affect flying objects are weight (gravity), lift (air pressure differences), thrust (propulsion), and drag (friction and air pressure differences). Fluids are substances that deform continuously under stress and include liquids and gases. Drag and lift forces oppose or aid the speed and weight of an object moving through a fluid, depending on flow speed and angle of attack. The Betz limit is the theoretical maximum efficiency of a wind turbine, which is 59.3% based on Albert Betz's work in 1919 on conserving mass and momentum of the air flowing through a

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    Forces acting on an airfoil

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    A force is a push or pull that causes an object to change its speed, direction, or shape. Forces have both magnitude and direction. The four main forces that affect flying objects are weight (gravity), lift (air pressure differences), thrust (propulsion), and drag (friction and air pressure differences). Fluids are substances that deform continuously under stress and include liquids and gases. Drag and lift forces oppose or aid the speed and weight of an object moving through a fluid, depending on flow speed and angle of attack. The Betz limit is the theoretical maximum efficiency of a wind turbine, which is 59.3% based on Albert Betz's work in 1919 on conserving mass and momentum of the air flowing through a

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views2 pages

    Mini Wind Note

    Uploaded by

    Zack Obega
    A force is a push or pull that causes an object to change its speed, direction, or shape. Forces have both magnitude and direction. The four main forces that affect flying objects are weight (gravity), lift (air pressure differences), thrust (propulsion), and drag (friction and air pressure differences). Fluids are substances that deform continuously under stress and include liquids and gases. Drag and lift forces oppose or aid the speed and weight of an object moving through a fluid, depending on flow speed and angle of attack. The Betz limit is the theoretical maximum efficiency of a wind turbine, which is 59.3% based on Albert Betz's work in 1919 on conserving mass and momentum of the air flowing through a

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    What is a force?

    A force is basically a push or a pull that causes an object to undergo a change in speed, a change
    in direction, or a change in shape. A force has both magnitude (size) and direction.

    The Four Forces


    Four forces affect things that fly:
    Weight is the force of gravity. It acts in a downward direction—toward the center of the
    Earth.
    Lift is the force that acts at a right angle to the direction of motion through the air. Lift is
    created by differences in air pressure.
    Thrust is the force that propels a flying machine in the direction of motion. Engines
    produce thrust.
    Drag is the force that acts opposite to the direction of motion. Drag is caused by friction
    and differences in air pressure
    Fluid
    A fluid is a substance which undergoes continuous deformation when subjected to a
    shear stress. A fluid is a liquid or gas. They also both flow when moved around, and any
    material that flows is called a fluid.

    Drag and lift forces


    They are all mechanical forces generated by a solid object moving through a fluid. Lift is
    the force that directly opposes the weight of an object and drag force opposes the speed
    of the object.
    These forces depend on the speed U of flow and angle of attack a, both forces a
    proportional to the square of the speed U2, density of fluid P and a characteristic area Af
    covered by the body.
    Gliding angle E is simply the ratio of the ratio of lift and drag

    What is the BETZ limit


    Betz's law indicates the maximum power that can be extracted from the wind,
    independent of the design of a wind turbine in open flow. It was published in 1919, by the
    German physicist Albert Betz. The law is derived from the principles of conservation of
    mass and momentum of the air stream flowing through an idealized "actuator disk" that
    extracts energy from the wind stream. According to Betz's law, no turbine can capture
    more than 16/27 (59.3%) of the kinetic energy in wind. The factor 16/27 (0.593) is known
    as Betz's coefficient. Practical utility-scale wind turbines achieve at peak 75% to 80% of
    the Betz limit.
    The Betz limit is the theoretical maximum efficiency for a wind turbine, conjectured by
    German physicist Albert Betz in 1919. Betz concluded that this value is 59.3%, meaning
    that at most only 59.3% of the kinetic energy from wind can be used to spin the turbine
    and generate electricity. In reality, turbines cannot reach the Betz limit, and common
    efficiencies are in the 35-45% range.

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