RTN 950 V100R010C00 Commissioning Guide 02

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System
V100R010C00
Commissioning Guide
Issue 02
Date 2017-09-15
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2017. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions
and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective
holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,
and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or
representations of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base
Bantian, Longgang
Shenzhen 518129
People's Republic of China
Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: support@huawei.com
Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Commissioning Guide About This Document
About This Document
Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Product Name Version
OptiX RTN 950 V100R010C00
iManager U2000 V200R017C50
Intended Audience
This document describes how to commission the OptiX RTN 950, including preparations
before commissioning, site commissioning, and system commissioning.
The intended audience of this document are:
Installation and commissioning engineers
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol Description
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation

which, if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation

which, if not avoided, could result in death
or serious injury.

which, if not avoided, may result in minor
or moderate injury.
Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

Symbol Description

which, if not avoided, could result in
equipment damage, data loss, performance
deterioration, or unanticipated results.
NOTICE is used to address practices not
related to personal injury.
Calls attention to important information,

best practices and tips.
NOTE is used to address information not
related to personal injury, equipment
damage, and environment deterioration.
General Conventions
The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.
Boldface Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in

boldface. For example, log in as user root.
Italic Book titles are in italics.

Courier New Examples of information displayed on the screen are in
Courier New.
Command Conventions
The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.
Italic Command arguments are in italics.
[] Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.
{ x | y | ... } Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by

vertical bars. One item is selected.
[ x | y | ... ] Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by

vertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected.
Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

{ x | y | ... }* Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by

vertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of all
items can be selected.
[ x | y | ... ]* Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by

vertical bars. Several items or no item can be selected.
GUI Conventions
The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles

are in boldface. For example, click OK.
> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"

signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.
Change History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue
contains all updates made in previous issues.
Updates in Issue 01 (2017-05-30) Based on Product Version

V100R010C00
This document is the first release of the V100R010C00 version.
Updates in Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Based on Product Version

V100R010C00
This document is the second release of the V100R010C00 version.
Change Description
- Fixed the known bugs.
Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iv

Commissioning Guide Contents
Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii

1 Safety Precautions......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 General Safety Precautions.............................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols..........................................................................................................................................3
1.3 Electrical Safety..............................................................................................................................................................4
1.4 Environment of Flammable Gas.....................................................................................................................................7
1.5 Storage Batteries.............................................................................................................................................................7
1.6 Radiation.........................................................................................................................................................................9
1.6.1 Safe Usage of Optical Fibers....................................................................................................................................... 9
1.6.2 Electromagnetic Exposure......................................................................................................................................... 11
1.6.3 Forbidden Areas.........................................................................................................................................................11
1.6.4 Laser...........................................................................................................................................................................11
1.6.5 Microwave................................................................................................................................................................. 12
1.7 Working at Heights....................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.7.1 Hoisting Heavy Objects.............................................................................................................................................13
1.7.2 Using Ladders............................................................................................................................................................14
1.8 Mechanical Safety........................................................................................................................................................ 16
1.9 Other Precautions......................................................................................................................................................... 17
2 Notices for High-Risk Operations........................................................................................... 19

2.1 Operation Guide for the Toggle Lever Switch............................................................................................................. 20
2.2 Operation Guide for the IF Jumper...............................................................................................................................22
2.3 Operation Guide for the IF Cables............................................................................................................................... 23
2.4 Operation Guide for the IF Board.................................................................................................................................25
3 Commissioning Preparations.................................................................................................... 27
3.1 Preparing Documents and Tools...................................................................................................................................28
3.2 Preparing a USB Flash Drive....................................................................................................................................... 30
3.3 Determining the Commissioning Method.................................................................................................................... 37
3.4 Checking Commissioning Conditions.......................................................................................................................... 38
3.4.1 Site Commissioning...................................................................................................................................................38
3.4.2 System Commissioning............................................................................................................................................. 38
4 Commissioning Process............................................................................................................. 40
4.1 Site Commissioning Process........................................................................................................................................ 41
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4.2 System Commissioning Process................................................................................................................................... 45
5 Site Commissioning (Using the Web LCT)............................................................................ 47

5.1 Powering On the Equipment.........................................................................................................................................48
5.2 Logging In to the Web LCT (Through a Mini USB Interface).....................................................................................51
5.3 Logging In to the Web LCT (Through NMS Interface)............................................................................................... 55
5.4 Logging In to an NE (Web LCT)..................................................................................................................................57
5.5 Creating NEs by Using the Search Method..................................................................................................................58
5.6 Downloading a Commissioning Data Script to an NE Using the Web LCT................................................................60
5.7 Configuring Site Commissioning Data by Using the Web LCT.................................................................................. 61
5.7.1 Changing the NE ID.................................................................................................................................................. 66
5.7.2 Changing the NE Name............................................................................................................................................. 67
5.7.3 Changing the NE IP Address.....................................................................................................................................68
5.7.4 Configuring Logical Boards...................................................................................................................................... 69
5.7.5 Synchronizing NE Time............................................................................................................................................ 70
5.7.6 Configuring the Working Mode of an IF Port........................................................................................................... 71
5.7.7 Changing the IF Service Type................................................................................................................................... 72
5.7.8 Configuring a Hop of Radio Link..............................................................................................................................72
5.7.9 Creating an IF 1+1 Protection Group........................................................................................................................ 76
5.7.10 Configuring the VLAN ID and Bandwidth Used by an Inband DCN.....................................................................78
5.7.11 Configuring Orderwire............................................................................................................................................ 79
5.8 Checking Alarms.......................................................................................................................................................... 80
5.9 Testing Connectivity of Cables.....................................................................................................................................81
5.9.1 Testing Connectivity of E1 Cables............................................................................................................................ 81
5.9.2 Testing Connectivity of Network Cables...................................................................................................................83
5.9.3 Checking Fiber Jumper Connection.......................................................................................................................... 84
5.10 Aligning the Antennas................................................................................................................................................ 86
5.10.1 Main Lobe and Side Lobes...................................................................................................................................... 86
5.10.2 Aligning Single-Polarized Antennas....................................................................................................................... 89
5.10.3 Aligning Dual-Polarized Antennas..........................................................................................................................92
5.11 Checking the Radio Link Status and the Receive Power............................................................................................95
6 Site Commissioning (Using a USB Flash Drive)................................................................... 97

6.1 Powering On the Equipment.........................................................................................................................................98
6.2 Loading Commissioning Data from a USB Flash Drive............................................................................................ 101
6.3 Using the Web LCT to Complete Subsequent Commissioning Items........................................................................103
7 System Commissioning............................................................................................................105
7.1 Configuring Networkwide Service Data.................................................................................................................... 107
7.2 Testing Connectivity of E1 Services...........................................................................................................................107
7.2.1 Testing E1 Services by Using a BER Tester............................................................................................................107
7.2.2 Testing E1 Services Using PRBS............................................................................................................................ 109
7.3 Testing Connectivity of Ethernet Services..................................................................................................................111
7.3.1 Testing Ethernet Services Configured on a Per-NE Basis....................................................................................... 111
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7.3.2 Testing Ethernet Services Configured in an End-to-End Manner........................................................................... 116

7.4 Testing ATM Services.................................................................................................................................................119
7.5 Testing AM Shifts.......................................................................................................................................................122
7.5.1 Testing AM Shifts on IFU2/IFX2 Boards............................................................................................................... 122
7.5.2 Testing AM Shifts on the ISU2/ISX2/ISV3/ISM6.................................................................................................. 124
7.6 Testing Protection Switching......................................................................................................................................125
7.6.1 Testing IF 1+1 Protection Switching....................................................................................................................... 125
7.6.2 Testing N+1 Protection Switching...........................................................................................................................127
7.6.3 Testing SNCP Switching......................................................................................................................................... 130
7.6.4 Testing ERPS Switching..........................................................................................................................................134
7.6.5 Testing MPLS APS Protection Switching............................................................................................................... 136
7.6.6 Testing Linear MSP Switching................................................................................................................................139
7.6.7 Testing Switching of the Integrated System Control and Communication, Switching, and Timing Board............ 143
7.7 Checking the Clock Status..........................................................................................................................................146
7.8 Testing the FM over a Radio Link..............................................................................................................................146
7.9 Testing E1 Service Performance.................................................................................................................................152
7.10 Testing Ethernet Service Performance......................................................................................................................154
7.10.1 Testing Ethernet Service Performance (Based on RFC 2544)...............................................................................154
7.10.2 Testing E-Line Service Performance (Based on OAM)........................................................................................ 158
7.10.3 Testing the Long-term Packet Loss Ratio..............................................................................................................162
8 Site Commissioning Data Script Generation Using the Offline Configuration

Function.......................................................................................................................................... 165
8.1 Creating a Pre-configured NE.................................................................................................................................... 166
8.2 Configuring Site Commissioning Data.......................................................................................................................171
8.3 Generating a Commissioning Data Script.................................................................................................................. 175
9 ETH-OAM Operations on the EoS/EoPDH Plane...............................................................177

9.1 Creating MDs............................................................................................................................................................. 178
9.2 Creating MAs............................................................................................................................................................. 179
9.3 Creating MPs.............................................................................................................................................................. 180
9.4 Performing an LB Test................................................................................................................................................181
9.5 Parameter Description: Ethernet Service OAM_Creation of MDs............................................................................ 182
9.6 Parameter Description: Ethernet Service OAM_Creation of MAs............................................................................ 183
9.7 Parameter Description: Ethernet Service OAM_Creation of MPs............................................................................. 184
9.8 Parameter Description: Ethernet Service OAM_Enabling LB...................................................................................186
A Glossary......................................................................................................................................188
Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential vii

Commissioning Guide 1 Safety Precautions
1 Safety Precautions
About This Chapter
This topic describes the safety precautions that you must follow when installing, operating,
and maintaining Huawei devices.
1.1 General Safety Precautions

This topic describes essential safety precautions that instruct you in the selection of measuring
and testing instruments when you install, operate, and maintain Huawei devices.
1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols
Before using the equipment, note the following warning and safety symbols on the
equipment.
1.3 Electrical Safety
This topic describes safety precautions for high voltage, lightning strikes, high leakage
current, power cables, fuses, and ESD.
1.4 Environment of Flammable Gas
This topic describes safety precautions for the operating environment of a device.
1.5 Storage Batteries
This topic describes safety precautions for operations of storage batteries.
1.6 Radiation
This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure and lasers.
1.7 Working at Heights
This topic describes safety precautions for working at heights.
1.8 Mechanical Safety
This topic describes safety precautions for drilling holes, handling sharp objects, operating
fans, and carrying heavy objects.
1.9 Other Precautions
This topic describes safety precautions for removing and inserting boards, binding signal
cables, and routing cables.
Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

1.1 General Safety Precautions

This topic describes essential safety precautions that instruct you in the selection of measuring
and testing instruments when you install, operate, and maintain Huawei devices.
All Safety Precautions

To ensure the safety of humans and a device, follow the marks on the device and all the safety
precautions in this document when installing, operating, and maintaining a device.
The "CAUTION", "WARNING", and "DANGER" marks in this document do not cover all
the safety precautions that must be followed. They are supplements to the safety precautions.
Local Laws and Regulations

When operating a device, always comply with the local laws and regulations. The safety
precautions provided in the documents are in addition/supplementary to the local laws and
regulations.
Basic Installation Requirements

The installation and maintenance personnel of Huawei devices must receive strict training and
be familiar with the proper operation methods and safety precautions before any operation.
l Only trained and qualified personnel are permitted to install, operate, and maintain a
device.
l Only certified professionals are permitted to remove the safety facilities, and to
troubleshoot and maintain the device.
l Only the personnel authenticated or authorized by Huawei are permitted to replace or
change the device or parts of the device (including software).
l The operating personnel must immediately report the faults or errors that may cause
safety problems to the person in charge.
Grounding Requirements
The grounding requirements are applicable to the device that needs to be grounded.
l When installing the device, always connect the grounding facilities first. When removing
the device, always disconnect the grounding facilities last.
l Ensure that the grounding conductor is intact.
l Do not operate the device in the absence of a suitably installed grounding conductor.
l The device must be connected to the PGND permanently. Before operating the device,
check the electrical connections of the device, and ensure that the device is properly
grounded.
Human Safety
l When there is a risk of a lightning strike, do not operate the fixed terminal or touch the
cables.
l When there is risk of a lightning strike, unplug the AC power connector. Do not use the
fixed terminal or touch the terminal or antenna connector.

NOTE
The preceding requirements apply to wireless fixed station terminals.
l To avoid electric shocks, do not connect safety extra-low voltage (SELV) circuits to
telephone-network voltage (TNV) circuits.
l Do not look into optical ports without eye protection. Otherwise, human eyes may be
hurt by laser beams.
l Before operating the device, wear an ESD protective coat, ESD gloves, and an ESD
wrist strap. In addition, you need to get off the conductive objects, such as jewelry and
watches, to prevent electric shock and burn.
l In case of fire, escape from the building or site where the device is located and press the
fire alarm bell or dial the telephone number for fire alarms. Do not enter the burning
building again in any situation.
Device Safety
l Before any operation, install the device firmly on the ground or other rigid objects, such
as on a wall or in a rack.
l When the system is working, ensure that the ventilation hole is not blocked.
l When installing the front panel, use a tool to tighten the screws firmly, if required.
l After installing the device, clean up the packing materials.
1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols

Before using the equipment, note the following warning and safety symbols on the
equipment.
Table 1-1 lists the warning and safety symbols of the OptiX RTN 950 and their meanings.
Table 1-1 Warning and safety symbols of the OptiX RTN 950
Symbol Indication
This symbol is for ESD protection.

A notice with this symbol indicates that you should wear
an ES wrist strap or glove when you touch a board.
Otherwise, you may cause damage to the board.
This symbol is for the laser class.

CLASS 1
LASER A notice with this symbol indicates the class of the laser.
PRODUCT Avoid direct exposure to the laser beams. Otherwise, it
may damage you eyes or skin.
LASER
RADIATION
DO NOT VIEW DIRECTLY

WITH OPTICAL
INSTRUMENTS
CLASS 1M LASER
PRODUCT

Symbol Indication
A notice with this symbol indicates where the subrack is

grounded.
A notice with this symbol indicates that the air filter

ATTENTION 警告 should be cleaned periodically.
CLEAN PERIODICALLY定期清洗
严禁在风扇高速旋转时接触叶片 This symbol is for fan safety.

DON'T TOUCH THE
FAN LEAVES BEFORE A notice with this symbol indicates that the fan leaves
THEY SLOW DOWN !
should not be touched when the fan is rotating.
1.3 Electrical Safety

This topic describes safety precautions for high voltage, lightning strikes, high leakage
current, power cables, fuses, and ESD.
High Voltage
DANGER
l A high-voltage power supply provides power for device operations. Direct human contact
with the high voltage power supply or human contact through damp objects can be fatal.
l Unspecified or unauthorized high voltage operations could result in fire or electric shock,
or both.
Thunderstorm
The requirements apply only to wireless base stations or devices with antennas and feeders.
DANGER
Do not perform operations on high voltage, AC power, towers, or backstays in stormy
weather conditions.

High Leakage Current
CAUTION
Before powering on a device, ground the device. Otherwise, the safety of humans and the
device cannot be ensured.
If a high leakage current mark is labeled near the power connector of the device, you must
connect the PGND terminal on the shell to the ground before connecting the device to an A/C
input power supply. This is to prevent the electric shock caused by leakage current of the
device.
Power Cables
DANGER
Do not install or remove the power cable with a live line. Transient contact between the core
of the power cable and the conductor may generate electric arc or spark, which may cause fire
or eye injury.
l Before installing or removing power cables, you must power off the device.
l Before connecting a power cable, you must ensure that the label on the power cable is
correct.
Device with Power On
DANGER
Installing or removing a device is prohibited if the device is on.
DANGER
Do not install or remove the power cables of the equipment when it is powered on.
Short Circuits
When installing and maintaining devices, place and use the associated tools and instruments
in accordance with regulations to avoid short-circuits caused by metal objects.

NOTICE
To avoid short-circuits when using a tool (such as a screwdriver), do not place the tool on the
ventilation plate of the subrack.
NOTICE
Prevent any screws from dropping into the subrack or chassis to avoid short-circuits.
Fuse
CAUTION
If the fuse on a device blows, replace the fuse with a fuse of the same type and specifications
to ensure safe operation of the device.
Electrostatic Discharge
NOTICE
The static electricity generated by the human body may damage the electrostatic sensitive
components on the board, such as the large-scale integrated circuit (LSI).
l The human body can generate static electromagnetic fields in the following situations:
physical movement, clothing friction, friction between shoes and the ground, plastics in
the hand. Such static electromagnetic effects can remain for an appreciable time.
l Before operating a device, circuit boards, or ASICs, wear an ESD wrist strap that is
properly grounded. The ESD wrist strap can prevent the electrostatic-sensitive
components from being damaged by the static electricity in the human body.
Figure 1-1 shows the method of wearing an ESD wrist strap.

Figure 1-1 Wearing an ESD wrist strap
1.4 Environment of Flammable Gas

This topic describes safety precautions for the operating environment of a device.
DANGER
Do not place or operate devices in an environment of flammable or explosive air or gas.
Operating an electronic device in an environment of flammable gas causes a severe hazard.
1.5 Storage Batteries

This topic describes safety precautions for operations of storage batteries.
DANGER
Before operating a storage battery, you must read the safety precautions carefully and be
familiar with the method of connecting a storage battery.
l Incorrect operations of storage batteries cause hazards. During operation, prevent any
short-circuit, and prevent the electrolyte from overflowing or leakage.
l If the electrolyte overflows, it causes potential hazards to the device. The electrolyte may
corrode metal parts and the circuit boards, and ultimately damage the circuit boards.
l A storage battery contains a great deal of energy. Misoperations may cause a short-
circuit, which leads to human injuries.

Basic Precautions
To ensure safety, note the following points before installing or maintaining the storage
battery:
l Use special insulation tools.
l Wear an eye protector and take effective protection measures.
l Wear rubber gloves and a protection coat to prevent the hazard caused by the
overflowing electrolyte.
l When handling the storage battery, ensure that its electrodes are upward. Leaning or
reversing the storage battery is prohibited.
l Before installing or maintaining the storage battery, ensure that the storage battery is
disconnected from the power supply that charges the storage battery.
Short-Circuit
DANGER
A battery short-circuit may cause human injuries. Although the voltage of an ordinary battery
is low, the instantaneous high current caused by a short-circuit emits a great deal of energy.
Avoid any short-circuit of batteries caused by metal objects. If possible, disconnect the
working battery before performing other operations.
Hazardous Gas
NOTICE
Do not use any unsealed lead-acid storage battery. Lay a storage battery horizontally and fix it
properly to prevent the battery from emitting flammable gas, which may cause fire or device
erosion.
Working lead-acid storage batteries emit flammable gas. Therefore, ventilation and
fireproofing measures must be taken at the sites where lead-acid storage batteries are placed.
Battery Temperature
NOTICE
If a battery overheats, the battery may be deformed or damaged, and the electrolyte may
overflow.
When the temperature of the battery is higher than 60°C, you need to check whether the
electrolyte overflows. If the electrolyte overflows, take appropriate measures immediately.

Battery Leakage
NOTICE
In the event of acid overflow or spillage, neutralize the acid and clean it up appropriately.
When handling a leaky battery, protect against the possible damage caused by the acid. When
you find the electrolyte leaks, you can use the following substances to counteract and absorb
the leaking electrolyte:
l Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

l Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
In the event of acid overflow or spillage, neutralize the acid and clean it up as recommended
by the battery manufacturer and any local regulations for acid disposal.
If a person contacts battery electrolyte, clean the skin that contacts the battery electrolyte
immediately by using water. In case of a severe situation, the person must be sent to a hospital
immediately.
1.6 Radiation
This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure and lasers.
1.6.1 Safe Usage of Optical Fibers

The laser beam can cause damage to your eyes. Hence, you must exercise caution when using
optical fibers.
DANGER
When installing or maintaining an optical interface board or optical fibers, avoid direct eye
exposure to the laser beams launched from the optical interface board or fiber connectors. The
laser beam can cause damage to your eyes.
Cleaning Fiber Connectors and Optical Interfaces
NOTICE
If fiber connectors or flanges are contaminated, optical power commissioning is seriously
affected. Therefore, the two endfaces and flange of every external fiber must be cleaned
before the fiber is led into the equipment through the ODF for being inserted into an optical
interface on the equipment.

The fiber connectors and optical interfaces of the lasers must be cleaned with the following
special cleaning tools and materials:
l Special cleaning solvent: It is preferred to use isoamylol. Propyl alcohol, however, can
also be used. It is prohibited that you use alcohol and formalin.
l Non-woven lens tissue
l Special compressed gas
l Cotton stick (medical cotton or long fiber cotton)
l Special cleaning roll, used with the recommended cleaning solvent
l Special magnifier for fiber connectors
For cleaning steps, see Task Collection "Cleaning Fiber Connectors and Adapters" in the
OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System Maintenance and Troubleshooting.
Replacing Optical Fibers

When replacing an optical fiber, cover the fiber connector of the unused optical fiber with a
protective cap.
Connecting Optical Fibers

l Use an attenuator if the optical power is excessively high. A high received optical power
damages the optical interface.
l Directly connect an attenuator to a slanting optical interface. Install the attenuator on the
IN port instead of the OUT port.
l Do not directly connect an attenuator to the level optical interface. Use the optical
distribution frame (ODF) to connect an attenuator to a level optical interface.
Figure 1-2 shows a slanting optical interface, and Figure 1-3 shows a level optical interface.
Figure 1-2 Slanting optical interface
Slanting optical
interface

Figure 1-3 Level optical interface
Level optical
interface
1.6.2 Electromagnetic Exposure

This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure.
If multiple transmit antennas are installed on a tower or backstay, keep away from the
transmit directions of the antennas when you install or maintain an antenna locally.
NOTICE
Ensure that all personnel are beyond the transmit direction of a working antenna.
1.6.3 Forbidden Areas

The topic describes requirements for a forbidden area.
l Before entering an area where the electromagnetic radiation is beyond the specified
range, the associated personnel must shut down the electromagnetic radiator or stay at
least 10 meters away from the electromagnetic radiator, if in the transmit direction.
l A physical barrier and an eye-catching warning flag should be available in each
forbidden area.
1.6.4 Laser
This topic describes safety precautions for lasers.
CAUTION
When handling optical fibers, do not stand close to, or look into the optical fiber outlet
directly without eye protection.

Laser transceivers are used in the optical transmission system and associated test tools. The
laser transmitted through the bare optical fiber produces a small beam of light, and therefore it
has very high power density and is invisible to human eyes. When a beam of light enters eyes,
the eyes may be damaged.
In normal cases, viewing an un-terminated optical fiber or a damaged optical fiber without
eye protection at a distance greater than 150 mm does not cause eye injury. Eye injury may
occur, however, if an optical tool such as a microscope, magnifying glass, or eye loupe is used
to view an un-terminated optical fiber.
Safety Instructions Regarding Lasers

To avoid laser radiation, obey the following instructions:
l All operations should be performed by authorized personnel who have completed the
required training courses.
l Wear a pair of eye-protective glasses when you are handling lasers or fibers.
l Ensure that the optical source is switched off before disconnecting optical fiber
connectors.
l Do not look into the end of an exposed fiber or an open connector when you are not sure
whether the optical source is switched off.
l Use an optical power meter to measure the optical power and ensure that the optical
source is switched off.
l Before opening the front door of an optical transmission device, ensure that you are not
exposed to laser radiation.
l Do not use an optical tool such as a microscope, a magnifying glass, or an eye loupe to
view the optical connector or fiber that is transmitting optical signals.
Instructions Regarding Fiber Handling

Read and abide by the following instructions before handling fibers:
l Only trained personnel are permitted to cut and splice fibers.

l Before cutting or splicing a fiber, ensure that the fiber is disconnected from the optical
source. After disconnecting the fiber, cap to the fiber connectors.
1.6.5 Microwave
When installing and maintaining the equipment of Huawei, follow the safety precautions of
microwave to ensure the safety of the human body and the equipment.
CAUTION
Strong radio frequency can harm the human body.
When installing or maintaining an aerial on the tower or mast that is installed with multiple
aerials, switch off the transmitter in advance.

1.7 Working at Heights

This topic describes safety precautions for working at heights.
CAUTION
When working at heights, be cautious to prevent objects from falling down.
The requirements for working at heights are as follows:

l The personnel who work at heights must be trained.
l Carry and handle the operating machines and tools with caution to prevent them from
falling down.
l Safety measures, such as wearing a helmet and a safety belt, must be taken.
l Wear cold-proof clothes when working at heights in cold areas.
l Check all lifting appliances thoroughly before starting the work, and ensure that they are
intact.
1.7.1 Hoisting Heavy Objects

This topic describes the safety precautions for hoisting heavy objects that you must follow
when installing, operating, and maintaining Huawei devices.
CAUTION
When heavy objects are being hoisted, do not walk below the cantilever or hoisted objects.
l Only trained and qualified personnel can perform hoisting operations.

l Before hoisting heavy objects, check that the hoisting tools are complete and in good
condition.
l Before hoisting heavy objects, ensure that the hoisting tools are fixed to a secure object
or wall with good weight-bearing capacity.
l Issue orders with short and explicit words to ensure correct operations.
l Ensure that the angle between the two cables is less than or equal to 90 degrees during
the lifting, as shown in Figure 1-4.

Figure 1-4 Hoisting heavy objects
1.7.2 Using Ladders

This topic describes safety precautions for using ladders.
Checking Ladders
l Before using a ladder, check whether the ladder is damaged. After checking that the
ladder is in good condition, you can use the ladder.
l Before using a ladder, you should know the maximum weight capacity of the ladder.
Avoid overweighing the ladder.
Placing Ladders
The proper slant angle of the ladder is 75 degrees. You can measure the slant angle of the
ladder with an angle square or your arms, as shown in Figure 1-5. When using a ladder, to
prevent the ladder from sliding, ensure that the wider feet of the ladder are downward, or take
protection measures for the ladder feet. Ensure that the ladder is placed securely.

Figure 1-5 Slanting a ladder
Climbing Up a Ladder
When climbing up a ladder, pay attention to the following points:
l Ensure that the center of gravity of your body does not deviate from the edges of the two
long sides.
l Before operations, ensure that your body is stable to reduce risks.
l Do not climb higher than the fourth rung of the ladder (counted from up to down).
If you want to climb up a roof, ensure that the ladder top is at least one meter higher than the
roof, as shown in Figure 1-6.
Figure 1-6 Ladder top being one meter higher than the roof

1.8 Mechanical Safety

This topic describes safety precautions for drilling holes, handling sharp objects, operating
fans, and carrying heavy objects.
Drilling Holes
CAUTION
Do not drill holes on the cabinet without prior permission. Drilling holes without complying
with the requirements affects the electromagnetic shielding performance of the cabinet and
damages the cables inside the cabinet. In addition, if the scraps caused by drilling enter the
cabinet, the printed circuit boards (PCBs) may be short-circuited.
l Before drilling a hole on the cabinet, remove the cables inside the cabinet.
l Wear an eye protector when drilling holes. This is to prevent eyes from being injured by
the splashing metal scraps.
l Wear protection gloves when drilling holes.
l Take measures to prevent the metallic scraps from falling into the cabinet. After the
drilling, clean up the metallic scraps.
Sharp Objects
CAUTION
Wear protection gloves when carrying the device. This is to prevent hands from being injured
by the sharp edges of the device.
Fans
l When replacing parts, place the objects such as the parts, screws, and tools properly. This
is to prevent them from falling into the operating fans, which damages the fans or device.
l When replacing the parts near fans, keep your fingers or boards from touching operating
fans before the fans are powered off and stop running. Otherwise, the hands or the
boards are damaged.
Carrying Heavy Objects

Wear protection gloves when carrying heavy objects. This is to prevent hands from being
hurt.

CAUTION
l The carrier must be prepared for load bearing before carrying heavy objects. This is to
prevent the carrier from being strained or pressed by the heavy objects.
l When you pull a chassis out of the cabinet, pay attention to the unstable or heavy objects
on the cabinet. This is to prevent the heavy objects on the cabinet top from falling down,
which may hurt you.
l Generally, two persons are needed to carry a chassis. It is prohibited that only one person
carries a heavy chassis. When carrying a chassis, the carriers should stretch their backs
and move stably to avoid being strained.
l When moving or lifting a chassis, hold the handles or bottom of the chassis. Do not hold
the handles of the modules installed in the chassis, such as the power modules, fan
modules, and boards.
1.9 Other Precautions

This topic describes safety precautions for removing and inserting boards, binding signal
cables, and routing cables.
Removing and Inserting a Board
NOTICE
When inserting a board, wear an ESD wrist strap or ESD gloves, and handle the board gently
to avoid distorting pins on the backplane.
l Slide the board along the guide rails.

l Do not contact one board with another to avoid short-circuits or damage.
l When holding a board in hand, do not touch the board circuits, components, connectors,
or connection slots of the board to prevent damage caused by ESD of the human body to
the electrostatic-sensitive components.
Binding Signal Cables
NOTICE
Bind the signal cables separately from the high-current or high-voltage cables.
Routing Cables
In the case of extremely low temperature, heavy shock or vibration may damage the plastic
skin of the cables. To ensure the construction safety, comply with the following requirements:

l When installing cables, ensure that the environment temperature is above 0°C.
l If the cables are stored in a place where the ambient temperature is below 0°C, transfer
them to a place at room temperature and store the cables for more than 24 hours before
installation.
l Handle the cables gently, especially in a low-temperature environment. Do not perform
any improper operations, for example, pushing the cables down directly from a truck.
High Temperature
CAUTION
If the ambient temperature exceeds 55°C, the temperature of the front panel surface marked
the flag may exceed 70°C. When touching the front panel of the board in such an
environment, you must wear the protection gloves.
IF Cables
CAUTION
Before installing or removing an IF cable, you must turn off the power switch of the IF board.

Commissioning Guide 2 Notices for High-Risk Operations
2 Notices for High-Risk Operations
About This Chapter
This topic provides notices for the operations that may cause bodily injury or equipment
damage if they are not performed properly during the commissioning and maintenance of
microwave equipment.
2.1 Operation Guide for the Toggle Lever Switch

The ODU-PWR switch on the IF board is a toggle lever switch which must be turned on and
off according to the following instructions to avoid damaging the IF board.
2.2 Operation Guide for the IF Jumper
Before installing or removing IF jumpers, shut down the ODU power supply to prevent
personal injuries and damaged to the IF boards or ODU.
2.3 Operation Guide for the IF Cables
Before installing or removing IF cables, shut down the ODU power supply to prevent
2.4 Operation Guide for the IF Board
Before removing or installing an IF board, turn off the ODU-PWR switch to avoid bodily
injury or damage to the IF board and ODU.

2.1 Operation Guide for the Toggle Lever Switch

The ODU-PWR switch on the IF board is a toggle lever switch which must be turned on and
off according to the following instructions to avoid damaging the IF board.
Position and Description of the Toggle Lever Switch

The toggle lever switch is located on the IF board and controls the power that is fed to the
ODU, as shown in Figure 2-1.
NOTE
ISM6 boards do not have any toggle lever switches.
Figure 2-1 Toggle lever switch
Turning On the Toggle Lever Switch

1. Gently pull on the toggle lever switch out.

2. Turn it to the left.
3. Release the toggle lever switch.
Turning Off the Toggle Lever Switch

1. Gently pull on the toggle lever switch out.

2. Turn it to the right.
3. Release the toggle lever switch.
2.2 Operation Guide for the IF Jumper

Before installing or removing IF jumpers, shut down the ODU power supply to prevent
Precaution
NOTICE
l For an IF board with a power switch, do not disconnect/connect the IF jumper with power
on.
l For an IF board (ISM6) without a power switch, do not disconnect/connect the IF jumper
with no load; that is, ensure that the IF jumper is already connected to its IF cable and
ODU.
Procedure
Step 1 For an IF board with a power switch:
1. Follow instructions in 2.1 Operation Guide for the Toggle Lever Switch to power off
the ODU.

1 2
DANGER
Ensure that the ODU is completely powered off before removing or installing the IF
jumper.
2. Remove or install the IF jumper.

Step 2 For an IF board (ISM6) without a power switch:
1. Ensure that the IF jumper is already connected to its IF cable and ODU.
2. Disconnect/Connect the IF jumper.
----End
2.3 Operation Guide for the IF Cables

Before installing or removing IF cables, shut down the ODU power supply to prevent

Precautions
NOTICE
on.
ODU.
Procedure
1. Follow instructions in 2.1 Operation Guide for the Toggle Lever Switch to power off
the ODU.
1 2
DANGER
cable.
2. Install or remove the IF cables.


2. Connect/Disconnect the IF cable.
----End
2.4 Operation Guide for the IF Board

Before removing or installing an IF board, turn off the ODU-PWR switch to avoid bodily
injury or damage to the IF board and ODU.
Precautions
NOTICE
on.
ODU.
Procedure
1. Turn off the ODU-PWR switch on the IF board. For details, see 2.1 Operation Guide
for the Toggle Lever Switch.
1 2 3

DANGER
board.
2. Disconnect the IF jumper or IF cable.

3. Remove or install the IF board.
2. Disconnect the IF jumper/IF cable.
3. Disconnect/Connect the IF board.
----End

Commissioning Guide 3 Commissioning Preparations
3 Commissioning Preparations
About This Chapter
This chapter describes the preparations that need to be made prior to commissioning
equipment.
3.1 Preparing Documents and Tools

This section lists the document and tools that should be prepared prior to commissioning the
equipment.
3.2 Preparing a USB Flash Drive
Prepare a USB flash drive if it needs to be used for commissioning.
3.3 Determining the Commissioning Method
By using the U2000 for commissioning, engineers can adopt the single-hop commissioning
method or network commissioning method based on the network size.
3.4 Checking Commissioning Conditions
Ensure that the equipment meets the commissioning requirements for the site or system prior
to performing such tasks. The following sections provide a non-exhaustive checklist for both
scenarios.

3.1 Preparing Documents and Tools

This section lists the document and tools that should be prepared prior to commissioning the
equipment.
Documents
The following document should be available before commissioning the equipment:
l Engineering design documents, including:
– Network plan
– Engineering design
l Commissioning guides, including:
– OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System Commissioning Guide
– OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System Configuration Guide
Tools
Table 3-1 lists the tools required for the commissioning task.
Table 3-1 Tools and meters

Tool and Meter Application Scenario
l Adjustable wrench Aligning antennas

l Screwdriver
l Telescope
l Interphone
l Hex key
l Multimeter that has a test cable with a
BNC connector at one end
l North-stabilized indicator
l Laptop on which the Web LCT is l Connecting the Web LCT to the Mini
installed USB port of the CSHU/CSHUA board
l Mini USB cable l Configuring site commissioning data by
using the Web LCT, or download a
commissioning data script to an NE
using the Web LCT
l Testing connectivity of E1 cables
l Checking the radio link status and the
receive power
l Checking alarms

Tool and Meter Application Scenario
l Laptop on which the Web LCT is l Connecting the Web LCT to the NMS
installed port
l Network cable l Configuring site commissioning data by
using the Web LCT, or download a
commissioning data script to an NE
using the Web LCT
l Testing connectivity of E1 cables
l Checking the radio link status and the
receive power
l Checking alarms
USB flash drive where desired site Loading commissioning data from a USB
commissioning data has been stored flash drive
NOTE
l The recommended USB flash drive type for
the OptiX RTN 950 is Netac U208 (4 GB).
Not all USB flash drives are supported by the
OptiX RTN 950. If a USB flash drive of
another model or capacity is required,
confirm with the local Huawei representative
office that the USB flash drive is supported
by the OptiX RTN 950.
l If you want to upgrade the NE software when
performing the per-NE commissioning, put
the latest NE software package in the pkg
folder of the USB flash drive.
BER tester l Testing connectivity of E1 cables

l Testing E1 services
l Testing IF 1+1 switching
l Testing N+1 protection switching
l Testing SNCP switching
l Testing linear MSP switching
l Testing switching of the integrated
system control and communication,
switching, and timing board
l Testing E1 service performance
Network cable tester Testing connectivity of network cables
l Optical power meter Checking connectivity of optical fibers

l Short fiber jumper
PC on which the U2000 is installed Centralized U2000 commissioning
E1 jumper Testing E1 service performance

NOTE
For details about the requirements and methods for installing the Web LCT, see the iManager U2000
Web LCT User Guide.
3.2 Preparing a USB Flash Drive

Prepare a USB flash drive if it needs to be used for commissioning.
Prerequisites
The NMS is available.
Tools, Instruments, and Materials

USB file generation tool, USB flash drive
The USB flash drive model recommended for OptiX RTN 950 is Netac U208 (4 GB). If a
USB flash drive of another model or capacity is required, contact the local Huawei office for
confirmation. Not all USB flash drives are supported by OptiX RTN 950.
NOTE
The following procedure is for site provisioning. To use a USB flash drive to restore the database, create a db
subdirectory in a formatted blank USB flash drive and copy the NMS database file to this subdirectory. No
pkg, script, or patch subdirectory is required.
Context
Figure 3-1 Preparing a USB flash drive

Procedure
Step 1 Prepare files to be stored in the USB flash drive.
1. On your computer, create a usbroot folder and a subfolder usbfile under it.
NOTE
The folder/subfolder name can be customized as required. In this topic, usbroot and usbfile are only
two sample folder names.
2. Add the following files in corresponding directories under usbfile as described in the
following table.
File Storage Location Remarks
NE software pkg The \pkg directory

contains no data unless the
NE software needs to be
upgraded.
For the NE software,
contact Huawei engineers.
Patch software patch For the patch software,

contact Huawei engineers.
License license For a license, contact

Huawei engineers.
Scripts script Scripts are generated with

a tool by software
debugging engineers.
Step 2 Preparing a USB flash drive's authentication certificate.

1. Optional: Set an encryption algorithm type for NE user passwords. The encryption
algorithm for NE user passwords must be the same as that for the USB flash drive's
authentication file.

NOTE
In V100R007C10 and later versions, the default encryption algorithm is PBKDF2. For an NE of a
version earlier than V100R007C10, it is advisable to upgrade to the current version and set the
encryption algorithm to PBKDF2.
2. Access the directory for saving the USB file generation tool.
NOTE
The tool is stored under D: WebLCT\weblct\tools\usbtool (an example).

3. Run startup_usbTool.bat.
The USB File Generation Tool dialog box is displayed.

4. Generate a certification file for NE access from a USB flash drive.
a. Enter the user name and password for logging in to the NE to be commissioned.
NOTE
n Default user name: szhw

n Default password: Changeme_123
b. Select an encryption type according to the encryption algorithm used by the NE.

NOTE
n If PBKDF2 or All is selected, set SSL Certificate and Certificate File Path. SSL
Certificate includes two types: Default and Custom.
○ If you want to use the default certificate file of the U2000, select Default. If you want to
use customized certificate file, select Custom.
○ Customized certificates include two types: *.crt and *.p12. A *.p12 certificate is
encrypted, so a key is required. Select Generate USB authentication certificates when
preparing a customized certificate so that a USB flash drive supports the generated
customized certificate.
○ Both *.crt and *.p12 certificates need to be synchronized with the NE. For details, see
the U2000 Administrator Guide.
c. Click Generate File.

d. Click OK in the displayed confirmation dialog box.

e. Navigate to the RTN.CER file directory and copy the file to the usbfile directory.
NOTE
n The RTN.CER file is stored under D:\WebLCT\weblct\tools\usbtool\output.

n Save the RTN.CER file before closing the USB file generation tool. Otherwise, the file will be
automatically deleted when you close the tool.
Step 3 Optional: Harden the security of files in the USB flash drive.
NOTE
l If the USB mode of an NE is the incompatible mode, hardening Security of the files copied to the USB
flash drive is required.
l If the USB mode of an NE is the compatible mode, hardening security of the files copied to the USB flash
drive is optional.
1. On the USB File Generation Tool page, click the Harden Security tab and a dialog box
is displayed.
2. Click Add, and select the usbfile directory to add all files under the directory to the file
list.

3. Optional: Right-click one or more files and set the encryption status.

NOTE
If the USB mode of an NE is the incompatible mode, set the encryption status of some files, for
example, the software package, to Disable to speed up the loading of files from the USB flash drive to
the target NE. However, it is recommended to encrypt all files. The default USB mode of an NE is the
compatible mode, which can be modified according to the following figure.
4. Click Harden.
5. Click Yes in the strategy file generation dialog box displayed.
6. Record the file output path shown in the following dialog box. Click OK.
7. Check the files in the output directory and the directory architecture, and copy all folders
with the original directory architectures to the usbroot directory.
NOTE
Files in the file output path must be copied to the USB flash drive as soon as possible, because all files
in the paths will be automatically deleted when the USB file generation tool is closed.
8. Click Close to close the USB File Generation Tool.

Step 4 Copy the software, license, and script files and copy the USB flash drive authentication file to
the USB flash drive.
1. Format the USB flash drive with the Windows OS to an FAT32 file system.
2. Copy files to the USB flash drive.

– If security hardening is not performed, copy the RTN.CER file in the usbroot
directory to the USB flash drive and copy all the files with their directory
architecture unchanged to the USB flash drive.
– If security hardening is performed, copy the RTN.CER and USBSEC.CFG files

and the entire sec folder to the USB flash drive.
3. Remove the USB flash drive after all data is copied.
----End
3.3 Determining the Commissioning Method

By using the U2000 for commissioning, engineers can adopt the single-hop commissioning
method or network commissioning method based on the network size.
Context
NOTE
In the following instructions for both types of commissioning methods, site commissioning and system
commissioning are defined as follows:
l Site commissioning refers to commissioning that is performed on a hop and sites at both ends of the
radio link by connecting the commissioning tool to the NE at a single site.
l System commissioning refers to commissioning that is performed on all the NEs in the network by
connecting the commissioning tool to a gateway NE where it configures the commissioning data for
each site.
Single-hop Commissioning
The single-hop commissioning method is preferred for small-scale microwave transmission
networks (for example, a network with only one or two radio link hops). By performing
single-hop commissioning, you can complete all site and system commissioning items at a
time. The major commissioning steps are as follows:
1. On both ends of a radio link, power on the NEs.
2. Use the Web LCT to configure site commissioning data or copying site
commissioning data from the USB flash drive.

NOTE
The commissioning data is all NE data including service data and clock data.
3. Use the Web LCT to complete the site commissioning items.
4. Use the Web LCT to complete the system commissioning items.
NOTE
The Web LCT is used for single-hop commissioning, and therefore this document does not detail how to use
the Web LCT. For details about how to use the Web LCT, see the Commissioning Guide in the documentation
package of the Web LCT version.
Network Commissioning
The network commissioning method is usually used for large-scale microwave transmission
networks. The major commissioning steps are as follows:
1. On both ends of a radio link, power on the NEs.
2. Use the Web LCT to configure site commissioning data, or copying site
commissioning data from the USB flash drive.
NOTE
The commissioning data may contain only data that is required for DCN and link availability.
3. Use the Web LCT to complete the site commissioning items.
4. Use the U2000 to complete the system commissioning items at sites where services
converge.
3.4 Checking Commissioning Conditions

Ensure that the equipment meets the commissioning requirements for the site or system prior
to performing such tasks. The following sections provide a non-exhaustive checklist for both
scenarios.
3.4.1 Site Commissioning

Ensure that the equipment and weather meet the requirements for site commissioning.
Context
Details about these requirements are as follows:
l Hardware installation has been completed and has passed the installation check.
l Power is available to the equipment.
l The service signal cables that are connected to other equipment have been properly
routed.
l The appropriate risk control measures to arrest falling objects and ensure personnel
safety are in place.
l There is no adverse weather (such as wind, rain, snow, or fog) that could hinder or
impact the commissioning.
3.4.2 System Commissioning

Ensure that the equipment and weather meet the requirements for system commissioning.

Context
Details about these requirements are as follows:
l Site commissioning at both ends of a radio link has been completed.
l DCN communication on the radio network is normal.
l There is no adverse weather (such as wind, rain, snow, or fog) that could hinder or
impact the commissioning.

Commissioning Guide 4 Commissioning Process
4 Commissioning Process
About This Chapter
Based on the objects to be commissioned, the process can be divided into two stages: site
commissioning and system commissioning.
4.1 Site Commissioning Process

Site commissioning refers to commissioning that is performed on a hop and sites at both ends
of a radio link. Site commissioning ensures that the sites and the radio link between the sites
work properly, and is also performed in preparation of system commissioning.
4.2 System Commissioning Process
System commissioning refers to commissioning for the entire microwave transmission
network. System commissioning ensures that various services are transmitted properly and
protection functions are implemented over the microwave transmission network.

4.1 Site Commissioning Process

Site commissioning refers to commissioning that is performed on a hop and sites at both ends
of a radio link. Site commissioning ensures that the sites and the radio link between the sites
work properly, and is also performed in preparation of system commissioning.
Context
You can use the following methods to configure site commissioning data for the OptiX RTN
950 on site:
l Web LCT
l USB flash drive
Site Commissioning Flowchart (Configuring Site Commissioning Data by Using

the Web LCT)
Commissioning engineers can configure site commissioning data by using the Web LCT on
site when they are:
l Familiar with how to configure radio link data on the OptiX RTN 950 or ready with the
commissioning data scripts.
l Aware of the radio link data plan for the site.
l Equipped with a laptop on which the Web LCT is installed.
l Equipped with a network cable when the Web LCT needs to be connected to the NE
through the NMS port.
l Equipment with a Mini USB cable when the Web LCT needs to be connected to the NE
through the Mini USB port.
Figure 4-1 shows the site commissioning flowchart.

Figure 4-1 Commissioning flowchart

Running commissioning data scripts on the Web LCT Manually configuring commissioning data
Start Start
Power on the equipment Power on the equipment

Through Mini USB Through Mini USB
Interface Interface
Connect the Web LCT Connect the Web LCT

Through NMS to the IDU Through NMS to the IDU
Interface Interface
Run commissioning
data scripts on the Web Manually configure
Test connectivity of Test connectivity of commissioning data
LCT
E1 cables E1 cables
Test connectivity of Check alarms Test connectivity of Check alarms

Ethernet cables Ethernet cables
Test connectivity of Test connectivity of

Test connectivity of cables Test connectivity of cables
fibers fibers
Align single-polarized Align single-polarized

Align antennas Align antennas
antennas antennas
Query the status and Query the status and

Align dual-polarized Align dual-polarized
receive power of a receive power of a radio
antennas antennas
radio link link
Required (parent item)

End End
Required (subitem)
Table 4-1 Configuring site commissioning data by running commissioning data scripts on the
Web LCT
Commissioning Item Remarks
5.1 Powering On the Equipment Required
Logging In to the Web LCT 5.3 Logging In to the Web Required

LCT (Through NMS
Interface)
5.2 Logging In to the Web

LCT (Through a Mini
USB Interface)
5.6 Downloading a Commissioning Data Script to an NE Required

Using the Web LCT
5.8 Checking Alarms Required
5.9 Testing Connectivity of 5.9.1 Testing Connectivity Required when E1 cables

Cables of E1 Cables are used on the site

5.9.2 Testing Connectivity Required when Ethernet

of Network Cables cables are used on the site
5.9.3 Checking Fiber Required when optical

Jumper Connection fibers are used on the site
5.10 Aligning the 5.10.2 Aligning Single- Required when microwave

Antennasa Polarized Antennas services are transmitted by
single-polarized antennas
5.10.3 Aligning Dual- Required when microwave

Polarized Antennas services are transmitted by
dual-polarized antennas
5.11 Checking the Radio Link Status and the Receive Required
Power
Table 4-2 Manually configuring site commissioning data on the Web LCT
Logging In to the Web LCT 5.3 Logging In to the Web Required

LCT (Through NMS
Interface)
5.2 Logging In to the Web

LCT (Through a Mini
USB Interface)
5.7 Configuring Site Commissioning Data by Using the Required

Web LCT
5.8 Checking Alarms Required
5.9 Testing Connectivity of 5.9.1 Testing Connectivity Required when E1 cables

Cables of E1 Cables are used on the site
5.9.2 Testing Connectivity Required when Ethernet

of Network Cables cables are used on the site
5.9.3 Checking Fiber Required when optical

Jumper Connection fibers are used on the site
5.10 Aligning the 5.10.2 Aligning Single- Required when microwave

Antennasa Polarized Antennas services are transmitted by
single-polarized antennas
5.10.3 Aligning Dual- Required when microwave

Polarized Antennas services are transmitted by
dual-polarized antennas

5.11 Checking the Radio Link Status and the Receive Required
Power
NOTE
a: Before aligning antennas, power on the equipment and configure site commissioning data on both ends of
the radio link.
Site Commissioning Flowchart (Configuring Site Commissioning Data by Using

a USB Flash Drive)
Commissioning engineers can configure site commissioning data by using a USB flash drive
on site when they are:
l Familiar with the radio link data plan for the target sites.
l Equipped with a USB flash drive that stores the NE commissioning data scripts.
l Equipped with a laptop on which the Web LCT is installed.
Figure 4-2 shows the site commissioning flowchart.
Figure 4-2 Commissioning flowchart
Start
Powering on the equipment
Loading commissioning data

from a USB flash drive
Completing subsequent Using the Web LCT to complete

commissioning items subsequent commissioning Items
End
Required (parent item)
Required (subitem)

Table 4-3 Configuring site commissioning data by using a USB flash drive
6.2 Loading Commissioning Data from a USB Flash Required

Drive
6.3 Using the Web LCT to Complete Subsequent Required when subsequent
Commissioning Items actions need to be
performed on the Web LCT
4.2 System Commissioning Process

System commissioning refers to commissioning for the entire microwave transmission
network. System commissioning ensures that various services are transmitted properly and
protection functions are implemented over the microwave transmission network.
Context
Table 4-4 System commissioning process
7.1 Configuring Networkwide Service Required

Data
7.2 Testing 7.2.1 Testing E1 Required when E1 service are available and
Connectivity of E1 Services by Using a a BER tester is available on site
Services BER Tester
7.2.2 Testing E1 Required when E1 services are available

Services Using and no BER tester is available on site
PRBS
7.3 Testing 7.3.1 Testing Required when Ethernet services are

Connectivity of Ethernet Services available
Ethernet Services Configured on a
Per-NE Basis
7.3.2 Testing Required when Ethernet services are

Ethernet Services available
Configured in an
End-to-End
Manner
7.4 Testing ATM Services Required when ATM services are available
7.5 Testing AM 7.5.1 Testing AM Required when the AM function is enabled

Shifts Shifts on IFU2/ and a BER tester is available on site
IFX2 Boards

7.5.2 Testing AM Required when the AM function is enabled

Shifts on the ISU2/ and no BER tester is available on site
ISX2/ISV3/ISM6
7.6 Testing 7.6.1 Testing IF 1+1 Required when the radio links are
Protection Protection configured with the 1+1 HSB/FD/SD
Switching Switching
7.6.2 Testing N+1 Required when the N+1 protection is

Protection configured
Switching
7.6.3 Testing SNCP Required when the SNCP is configured

Switching
7.6.4 Testing ERPS Required when ERPS is configured

Switching
7.6.5 Testing MPLS Required when MPLS APS protection is

APS Protection configured
Switching
7.6.6 Testing Linear Required when 1+1/1:N linear MSP is

MSP Switching configured
7.7 Checking the Clock Status Required
7.8 Testing the FM over a Radio Link Optional
7.9 Testing E1 Service Performance Required when E1 services are available
7.10 Testing 7.10.2 Testing E- Required when E-Line services are

Ethernet Service Line Service available
Performance Performance
(Based on OAM)
7.10.3 Testing the Required when E-Line services are

Long-term Packet available
Loss Ratio
7.10.1 Testing Ethernet Service Required when E-LAN services are

Performance (Based on RFC 2544) available

Commissioning Guide 5 Site Commissioning (Using the Web LCT)
5 Site Commissioning (Using the Web LCT)
About This Chapter
In most cases, site commissioning are performed using the Web LCT.
5.1 Powering On the Equipment

By checking the power-on process of equipment, you can verify whether the hardware system
of the equipment and the power system are functioning properly.
5.2 Logging In to the Web LCT (Through a Mini USB Interface)
When the Mini USB interface is used, users do not need to set the IP address of the computer
on which the Web LCT is installed, which facilitates site commissioning.
5.3 Logging In to the Web LCT (Through NMS Interface)
When the NMS interface is used, users need to set the IP address of a computer on which the
Web LCT is installed and the IP address of an NE to be in one network segment.
5.6 Downloading a Commissioning Data Script to an NE Using the Web LCT
This section describes how to download a commissioning data script to an NE using the Web
LCT. The function applies to the scenario in which a site commissioning data script has been
prepared. With this function available, on-site configuration is not required.
5.7 Configuring Site Commissioning Data by Using the Web LCT
This section describes how to configure site commissioning data when using the Web LCT to
perform site commissioning.
5.9 Testing Connectivity of Cables
During the installation of the OptiX RTN 950, the cables may be connected to service
interfaces incorrectly, or the hardware may malfunction. To ensure that the services run
properly, test connectivity of the cables.
5.10 Aligning the Antennas
Aligning the antennas is the most important activity in HOP commissioning. The alignment
has a direct effect on the performance of the radio links.
5.11 Checking the Radio Link Status and the Receive Power
After antenna alignment, check whether the status of a radio link is normal and the receive
power meets requirements.


Prerequisites
l The power system is available. The voltage, pole connection, and fuse current of the
power system have been checked in the process of connecting power cables.
l The power supply (for example, the power distribution box of the cabinet) has been
turned off.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials

None.
Context
l For the OptiX RTN 950, the recommended fuse currents are listed in Table 5-1.
Table 5-1 Fuse currents

Chassis Recommended Fuse Capacity
OptiX RTN 950 20 A
NOTE
The recommended fuse capacity of 20 A can meet requirements under the maximum power
consumption. Customers can compute the fuse capacity according to the actual power
consumption. The fuse capacity should be larger than or equal to (total power consumption x 1.5)/
(rated voltage x 87.5%). For example, when the rated power supply is -48 V and the total power
consumption of the IDU is less than or equal to 420 W, the fuse capacity can be set to 15 A (=
[420 x 1.5]/[48 x 87.5%]).
l The OptiX RTN 950 supports the following system control, switching, and timing board:
Chassis Board Type
OptiX RTN 950 CSH/CST/CSHU/CSHUA

Precautions
NOTICE
l If the equipment is configured with two PIU boards, the nominal voltage for the input
power of each PIU board must be the same.
l The ODU-PWR switch on the front panel of the single-channel IF board is designed with a
locking device. Hence, you must pull out the switches lightly before you turn it. If the
switch points to "O", the switch is turned off. If the switch points to "I", the switch is
turned on.
l If the output voltage of the power supply does not meet test requirements, do not power on
the cabinet. First, reconstruct the power supply and then test the output voltage again.
Procedure
Step 1 Verify that the power cables of the chassis are correctly connected. Then, power on the
equipment and check the status of the indicators. In normal conditions, the PIU/FAN
indicators are steady green, as shown in Figure 5-1. Table 5-2 provides the descriptions for
the different states of the indicators.
Table 5-2 Status of indicators

Indicator State Description
PWR Steady green Indicates that the power supply is in

the normal state.
Off Indicates a power failure.
FAN Steady green Indicates that the fan is running

properly.
Steady red Indicates that the fan is faulty.
Off Indicates that the fan is powered

off.

Figure 5-1 Normal state

PIU indicator FAN indicator
Step 2 Check the status of the indicators on the system control, switching, and timing board and
ensure that the equipment is powered on. The board indicators should conform to the
following states and sequences.
1. The PROG indicator should blink green, turn off, and then become steady green.
2. The STAT indicators should be green.

ACTC
ACTX
SYNC
PROG
STAT
NOTE
l For detailed meanings of the indicators, see the IDU hardware description.
l For a board other than the system control, switching, and timing board on the IDU, the STAT indicator is
on only after the corresponding logical board is added.
Step 3 Turn the ODU-PWR switch on an IF board to the "I" position.

NOTE
l The ODU indicator on an IF board is green only after the logical board of the IF board connected to
the ODU and the logical board of the ODU are created.
l In the event of indicator abnormalities, contact Huawei technical support.
l Skip this step when powering on a dual-channel IF board (ISM6).
----End
5.2 Logging In to the Web LCT (Through a Mini USB

Interface)
When the Mini USB interface is used, users do not need to set the IP address of the computer
on which the Web LCT is installed, which facilitates site commissioning.

Prerequisites
The NE has been powered on.

Web LCT
NOTE
The U2000 does not support this operation.
Procedure
Step 1 Start a laptop and log in to the operating system.
Step 2 Use a Mini USB cable to connect a USB interface of the laptop and the OAM interface of
CSHU/CSHUA board950.
NOTE
If the NE is configured with the active and standby CSHU/CSHUA boards, connect a USB interface of the
laptop and the OAM interface of the active CSHU/CSHUA board.
Step 3 On the desktop, double-click the Start Web LCT icon.

The system displays the USER LOGIN window of the Web LCT.

NOTE
If the USER LOGIN window is not displayed, see Troubleshooting (1).
Step 4 Enter the values of User Name, Password, and Verification Code, and then click Login.
l Default user name: admin
l Default password: Changeme_123
NOTE
At the first login to the Web LCT, change the password as prompted.
If the entered User Name, Password, and Verification Code are correct, the NE List page is
displayed in the Internet Explorer.
Step 5 Install the USB driver and create the NE that is directly connected to the Web LCT.

NOTE
If the NE that is directly connected to the Web LCT fails to be created, see Troubleshooting (2).
Step 6 View the information about the created NE displayed in the NE list.
----End
Troubleshooting
1. The Login Window Fails to Be Displayed After the Web LCT Is Started
If the USER LOGIN window is not displayed, perform the following:
1. Set the Internet Explorer to be the default browser.

2. Set the security level of the Internet Explorer to medium or lower.
3. Disable the pop-up blocker.
NOTE
If plug-ins that can block pop-up windows are also installed, disable their blocking function.
4. Set the options of the Internet Explorer.
a. Run the Internet Explorer.
b. Choose Tool > Internet Options from the main menu of the Internet Explorer.
c. On the General tab page, click Settings in the Temporary Internet files area.
d. In Check for newer versions of stored pages, select Every visit to the page, and
then click OK.
e. Click OK.

NOTE
If the cable is removed from the Mini USB interface by mistake, the NE is disconnected from the Web
LCT. After reconnecting the cable, you need to right-click the NE and choose Reconnect from the
shortcut menu before re-logging in to the Web LCT.
2. The NE That Is Directly Connected to the Web LCT Fails to Be Created
5.3 Logging In to the Web LCT (Through NMS Interface) is recommended. After
navigating to the access control window, enable OAM access control so that you can log in to
the Web LCT through the mini USB port.
5.3 Logging In to the Web LCT (Through NMS Interface)

When the NMS interface is used, users need to set the IP address of a computer on which the
Web LCT is installed and the IP address of an NE to be in one network segment.
Prerequisites
The NE has been powered on.

Web LCT
NOTE
Procedure
Step 1 Start a laptop and log in to the operating system.
Step 2 Set the IP address of the laptop.
The IP address must meet the following requirements:

l The IP address is in the same network segment (the default network segment is
129.9.0.0) as the NE IP address, but is different from the NE IP address.
l Its subnet mask is the same as that of the NE IP address (the default subnet mask is
255.255.0.0).
l The default gateway IP address is blank.
Step 3 Use a network cable to connect the network interface of the laptop and the NMS/COM
interface of the system control, cross-connect, and timing board.
NMS/COM
NOTE
The NMS/COM interface on the system control, cross-connect, and timing board is an interface that is self-
adaptive to a crossover or straight-through network cable. The wire sequence of a crossover cable and that of
a straight-through cable are provided in Network Cable in the OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System
IDU Hardware Description.
At this time, the green indicators on the NMS/COM interface and the network interface of the
laptop should be on. A message will be displayed indicating that the network has established a
local connection if the operating system has been configured to do so. If the operating system
displays a message indicating an IP address conflict, change the IP address of the laptop.
Step 4 On the desktop, double-click the Start Web LCT icon.

The system displays the USER LOGIN window of the Web LCT.
NOTE
If the USER LOGIN window is not displayed, see The Login Window Fails to Be Displayed After the
Web LCT Is Started.

Step 5 Enter the values of User Name, Password, and Verification Code, and then click Login.
l Default user name: admin
l Default password: Changeme_123
NOTE
At the first login to the Web LCT, change the password as prompted.
If the entered User Name, Password, and Verification Code are correct, the NE List page is
displayed in the Internet Explorer.
----End
The Login Window Fails to Be Displayed After the Web LCT Is Started
If the USER LOGIN window is not displayed, perform the following:
1. Set the Internet Explorer to be the default browser.

2. Set the security level of the Internet Explorer to medium or lower.
3. Disable the pop-up blocker.
NOTE
If plug-ins that can block pop-up windows are also installed, disable their blocking function.
4. Set the options of the Internet Explorer.
a. Run the Internet Explorer.
b. Choose Tool > Internet Options from the main menu of the Internet Explorer.
c. On the General tab page, click Settings in the Temporary Internet files area.
d. In Check for newer versions of stored pages, select Every visit to the page, and
then click OK.
e. Click OK.
5.4 Logging In to an NE (Web LCT)

After an NE is created, you need to log in to the NE before managing the NE.
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l The NE to be managed is already created in NE List.


Web LCT
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE List, select the target NE and click NE Login.
NOTE
You can select multiple NEs at one time.

The NE Login dialog box is displayed.
Step 2 Enter User Name and Password. Then, click OK.
NOTE
l The default User Name is lct.

l The default Password for user lct is Changeme_123.
Login Status of the NE in the NE List changes to Logged In. Alarm Status of the NE is
changed from Unknown to the current alarm status of the NE.
Step 3 Click NE Explorer.

The NE Explorer is displayed.
NOTE
l To quickly start the NE Explorer, double-click the NE to be managed in the NE list.

l Check the legend to learn the specific meanings of different colors and symbols in the slot layout
diagram.
l Click to collapse/expand the legend.
----End
5.5 Creating NEs by Using the Search Method

The search method is generally used to create an NE during site commissioning.

Prerequisites
l The communication between the NMS and the NE is in the normal state.

Web LCT
Procedure
Step 1 If NEs are cascaded through Ethernet NMS ports or Ethernet NE cascading ports, disconnect
the network cables from the ports.
Step 2 Click NE Search in NE List and select a desired search type.
Step 3 Select NE Search.

The Search NE dialog box is displayed.
Step 4 Select NMS port.

Step 5 Enter User Name and Password.
NOTE
l The default User Name is lct.

l The default Password for user lct is Changeme_123.
Step 6 When a laptop has multiple network adaptors, set Local IP Address to the IP address used for
access to the Web LCT.
Step 7 Select the NE IP Address.
Step 8 Click OK.
Step 9 Restore the cable connection that is disconnected in Step 1. Repeat Step 2 to Step 8 to create
the NEs that are cascaded to the local NE. In NE Search, set NE IP Address to one different
from the IP address of the local NE.
----End

5.6 Downloading a Commissioning Data Script to an NE

Using the Web LCT
This section describes how to download a commissioning data script to an NE using the Web
LCT. The function applies to the scenario in which a site commissioning data script has been
prepared. With this function available, on-site configuration is not required.
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.

Web LCT
Procedure
Step 1 Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Diagnosis&Maintenance >
Restore Data with NE Configuration File from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Download a commissioning data script.

1. Click Browse.
2. Select the target commissioning data script.
3. Click Download to NE.
4. Click Activate NE.

----End
5.7 Configuring Site Commissioning Data by Using the

Web LCT
This section describes how to configure site commissioning data when using the Web LCT to
perform site commissioning.
Configuration Flowchart
Figure 5-3 shows the procedure for configuring site commissioning data.

Figure 5-3 Configuration flowchart

Start
Create NEs by using the searching

method
Log in to an NE
Change the NE ID
Change the NE name
Change the NE IP address
Configure logical boards
Synchronize NE time
Configuring the Working Mode

of an IF Port
Changing the IF service type
Configure a radio hop
Create an IF 1+1 protection group
Configure the VLAN ID and bandwidth Required

used by the inband DCN
Optional
Configure the orderwire
End
NOTE
In TDM microwave mode, the AM attributes do not need to be configured for the links where the XPIC
function is enabled.

Procedure for Configuring NE Data
Table 5-3 Procedure for configuring NE data

Step Action Description
1 5.5 Creating NEs by Using the Required.

Search Method
2 5.4 Logging In to an NE (Web Required when the Web LCT fails to log
LCT) in to the NE.
Enter correct values in User Name and
Password. The default User Name is lct,
and the default Password is
Changeme_123.
3 5.7.1 Changing the NE ID Required. Set parameters as follows:

l Set ID according to the guideline
specified in the DCN plan.
l If a specific extended NE ID is
required, change Extended ID.
4 5.7.2 Changing the NE Name Optional.
5 5.7.3 Changing the NE IP Required if special requirements are

Address imposed on the IP address of the NE. Set
IP and Subnet Mask as required.
NOTE
If the IP address of an NE is not changed
manually, the IP address changes to
0x81000000 + NE ID.
6 5.7.4 Configuring Logical Required.

Boards For the OptiX RTN 950, configure the
SFP module type based on the type of the
module that is actually inserted on the
physical SL4D board.
7 5.7.5 Synchronizing NE Time Required. This operation synchronizes

NE time with the time on the computer
that runs the Web LCT.
Procedure for Configuring an Radio Link
Table 5-4 Procedure for Configuring an Radio Link

1 5.7.6 Configuring the Required.

Working Mode of an IF Port

2 5.7.7 Changing the IF Service Optional.

Type

3 5.7.8 Configuring a Hop of Required. Set the parameters as follows:

Radio Link l In Basic Parameters:
– Set Link ID according to the
service plan.
– To configure 1+1 protection,
select 1+1 and set 1+1 protection
attributes according to the service
plan.
l In IF:
– Set IF Service Type and IF
Channel Bandwidth according
to service plan.
– During site commissioning
deselect AM, set Manually
Specified Modulation Mode to
the planned Modulation Mode of
the Guaranteed AM Capacity,
ans set Guaranteed E1 Capacity
according to the service plan.
l In RF:
– Set TX Frequency(MHz), T/R
Spacing(MHz), and TX
Power(dBm) according to the
service plan.
– During site commissioning,
deselect ATPC.
– Set TX Status to unmute.
– Set Power to Be Received(dBm)
to the RSL specified in service
plan. The antenna non-alignment
indication function is enabled
only after this parameter is set.
When the antenna non-alignment
indicating function is enabled, if
the actual receive power of the
ODU is 3 dB lower than the
power expected to be received,
the ODU indicator on the IF
board connected to the ODU
blinks yellow (at 300 ms
intervals), indicating that the
antenna is not aligned. After the
antennas are aligned for
consecutive 30 minutes, the NE
automatically disables the
antenna non-alignment indication
function.


NOTE
l After site commissioning, re-set AM and
ATPC based site requirements.
l For a 1+1 protection group of radio
links, configure the IF information for
the main radio link only.
4 5.7.9 Creating an IF 1+1 Required when XPIC and IF 1+1

Protection Group protection work together.
Set related parameters according to the
service plan.
NOTE
l When XPIC and IF 1+1 protection work
together, IF 1+1 protection cannot be
configured in 5.7.8 Configuring a Hop
of Radio Link.
l For a 1+1 protection group of radio
links, configure the IF information for
the main radio link only.
5 5.7.10 Configuring the VLAN Required. Set the parameters as follows:

ID and Bandwidth Used by an l If the default VLAN ID of the inband
Inband DCN DCN conflicts with the VLAN ID in
the service, the Ethernet Board
VLAN ID of the inband DCN can be
changed manually.
l Bandwidth(kbit/s) specifies the
bandwidth for inband DCN
messaging on the Ethernet link.
l IF Port Bandwidth(kbit/s) specifies
the bandwidth for inband DCN
messaging on the radio link.
6 5.7.11 Configuring Orderwire Optional.
5.7.1 Changing the NE ID

During site commissioning, you need to modify the NE ID according to the engineering plan
and ensure that each NE ID is unique.
Prerequisites
The NE user has the authority of NE maintainer or higher.

Web LCT

Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > NE
Attribute from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click Modify NE ID.
The Modify NE ID dialog box is displayed.
Step 3 Specify New ID and New Extended ID.
NOTE
l Set New ID and New Extended ID to ensure that each combination of New ID and New Extended ID is
unique on the entire network.
l When the number of NEs on a network is within the basic NE ID range, it is not advisable to change the
extended NE ID for ID uniqueness.
Step 4 Click OK.

Click OK in the displayed confirmation dialog box.
----End
5.7.2 Changing the NE Name

For ease of identification in the Main Topology, name the NE according to the NE's
geographical location or the device connected to the NE.
Prerequisites
The NE user has the authority of Operation Level or higher.

Web LCT
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and choose Configuration > NE
Attribute from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Enter the name of the NE in the Name field.
NOTE
The name of an NE cannot contain any spaces or Chinese characters.

Step 3 Click Apply.
----End
5.7.3 Changing the NE IP Address

During site commissioning, the IP address of the gateway NE needs to be configured in
compliance with the external DCN requirements but other non-gateway NEs use IP addresses
that are automatically generated based on NE IDs.
Prerequisites
The NE user must have the authority of Maintenance Level or higher.

Web LCT
Context
NOTE
l Do not use the default NE IP address to access the public network (such as Internet).
l The default NE IP address is a temporary address, and is only used for management DCN plug-and-play.
The IP address must be modified in a timely manner.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Communication >
Communication Parameters from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Configure the communication parameters of the NE.

NOTE
l Change IP, Subnet Mask, Gateway IP based on external DCN requirements.

l During site commissioning, set IP addresses in compliance with the following principles (unless
otherwise specified):
– The IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway of the gateway NE must meet the external DCN
requirements.
– Set the IP addresses of non-gateway NEs based on their NE IDs. More specifically, set the IP
address of such an NE to 0x81000000+ID. That is, if the ID is 0x090001, set the IP address to
129.9.0.1.
Step 3 Click Apply.

NOTE
If the new IP address in the IP field is not in the original network segment, reset the IP address of the Web
LCT and ensure that it is in the same segment as the new IP address of the NE. Otherwise, the NE is
unreachable to the Web LCT.
----End
5.7.4 Configuring Logical Boards

Add the logical board in the slot layout if it has not already been added. If the physical board
is inconsistent with the logical board in the slot layout, delete the inconsistent logical board
and add the correct logical board.
Prerequisites
l The NE user has the authority of Operation Level or higher.
l All the boards are installed correctly.
l The ODU power switch on the IF board has been turned on. Communication between the
ODU and IDU is normal.


Web LCT
Procedure
Step 1 Click the Slot Layout tab and click Add Physical Boards.
Based on the slot layout, the NE automatically configures the logical boards that are required
but are not yet configured for certain physical boards.
NOTE
If a logical board is not displayed, verify that the corresponding physical board is correctly installed.
Step 2 Optional: On the slot to which the board is to be added, right-click and select Add XXX.
"XXX" is the name of the board to be added.
Step 3 Optional: On the slot to which the board is to be deleted, right-click and select Delete.
NOTE
Before deleting the board, delete the data, such as the service, clock, orderwire, and protection, on the
board.
----End
5.7.5 Synchronizing NE Time

Adjust the NE time so that the NE time is synchronized with the time on the Web LCT. In this
manner, the NE can accurately record the time when an alarm, a performance event, or an
abnormal event occurred.
Prerequisites
l The basic data of NEs on the entire network has been configured.
l Time settings on the Web LCT are correct.

l You must be an NM user with NE maintainer authority or higher.

Web LCT
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > NE
Time Synchronization from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Select the NE to be synchronized with the NMS and set Synchronous Mode to NM.
Step 3 Click Apply.
Step 4 Right-click the NE whose time needs to be synchronized and choose Synchronize with NM
Time from the shortcut menu.
----End
5.7.6 Configuring the Working Mode of an IF Port

The working modes of IF ports at both ends of a microwave link must be the same.
Prerequisites
The NE user has the right of Operation Level or higher.

Web LCT
Context
l ISU2/ISX2 boards work in fixed working mode IS2.
l An ISV3 board supports IS2 and IS3 modes.
l The IF port of an ISM6 board supports IS2, IS3, IS6 and IS6+ modes.
l The interconnected IF ports must work in the same working mode. It is recommended to
set both ports to work in the highest working mode possible.
l The two IF ports on a dual-channel IF board must work in the same mode.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the corresponding board from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose
Configuration > IF Interface from the Function Tree.

Step 2 Click the IF Attributes tab.

Step 3 Change the Running Mode of the IF port based on the network plan.
Step 4 Click Apply.

A confirmation dialog box is displayed.
Step 5 Click OK.
----End
5.7.7 Changing the IF Service Type

This topic describes how to change the IF service type.
Prerequisites
l The corresponding IF boards have been added in the NE Panel.

Web LCT
Procedure
Step 1 Select the corresponding board from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose
Configuration > IF Interface from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click the IF Attributes tab.
Step 3 Change IF Service Type based on the network plan.
Step 4 Click Apply.
----End
5.7.8 Configuring a Hop of Radio Link

During site commissioning, you can configure data for radio links except for XPIC-enabled
radio links with 1+1 protection in the hop management window.
Prerequisites
l The mapping IF boards and the ODUs connected to the IF boards have been added on
the NE Panel.

Web LCT

Background Information
This task allows you to configure 1+0 unprotected, XPIC-enabled, or 1+1 protected radio
links. To configure N+0 radio links, configure N 1+0 unprotected radio links.
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the desired NE from the Object Tree and choose Configuration >
Microwave Link Configuration.
Step 2 Select an IF board from the drop-down list.
NOTE
For dual-IF boards, select an IF port.
The basic information about the radio link connected to the IF board is displayed.
Step 3 Set the basic attributes for the local NE based on site requirements.
l To configure a 1+0 unprotected radio link:
a. Select 1+0 and deselect XPIC.
b. Set the basic attributes for the hop of radio link.
NOTE
After 1+0 is selected and the configuration takes effect, the IF 1+1 protection group or XPIC
group is deleted if the radio link is configured with 1+1 protection or XPIC.
l To configure 1+1 protected radio links:
a. Select 1+1.
b. Set the basic attributes for the hop of radio link.

c. Optional: Click Advanced and set the advanced 1+1 protection attributes.
NOTE
For 1+1 HSB, it is recommended that you set Enable Reverse Switching to Disabled. For 1+1
SD, it is recommended that you set Enable Reverse Switching to Enabled.
l To configure an XPIC-enabled link:
a. Select 1+0 and XPIC.
b. Set the basic XPIC attributes for the hop of radio link.

NOTE
To configure XPIC-enable radio links with 1+1 protection, first configure two XPIC-enabled
radio links and then configure an IF 1+1 protection group by following instructions in 5.7.9
Creating an IF 1+1 Protection Group.
Step 4 Set the IF attributes for the local NE.
NOTE
During site commissioning, disable the AM function regardless of the service plane. Set Modulation Mode
to the planned modulation scheme of guaranteed AM capacity.
Step 5 Set the RF attributes for the local NE.

NOTE
Before aligning antennas, disable the ATPC function regardless of the service plan.
In IS3 or IS6 runtime mode, the transmit power can reach the configured maximum value in the
corresponding modulation scheme only after the microwave link is available.
l To configure a 1+0 unprotected radio link:
l To configure 1+1 protected radio links:

l To configure an XPIC-enabled radio link:
Step 6 Click Apply.

Step 7 Click OK.
----End
5.7.9 Creating an IF 1+1 Protection Group

To create XPIC-enabled radio links in an IF 1+1 protection group, you need to configure the
XPIC-enabled radio link in the hop management window and then create an IF 1+1 protection
group.

Prerequisites
l The IF boards and the ODUs to which the IF boards are connected must be added on the
NE Panel.
l The XPIC-enabled radio links have been configured in the hop management window.
l During the configuration of inter-board 1+1 FD/SD protection for two IF boards, the IF
boards must be inserted in paired slots.

Web LCT
When a 1+0 service is converted into 1+1 HSB protection group by configuring an IF 1+1
protection group, the original E1 service is not interrupted. The board where the original
service exists, however, needs to be set to the working board.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Link
Configuration from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click the IF 1+1 Protection tab.
Step 3 Click New.

The Create IF 1+1 Protection dialog box is displayed.
Step 4 Configure the parameters of the IF 1+1 protection group.

NOTE
It is recommended to set the parameters for the 1+1 HSB/FD/SD protection as follows:
l Set Working Mode according to the network plan.
l Set Revertive Mode according to the service plan. It is recommended that you set Revertive Mode to
Revertive.
l WTR Time(s) is available only when Revertive Mode is Revertive. It is recommended that WTR
Time(s) take its default value (600s).
l Set Enable Reverse Switching as planned. Generally, set this parameter to Enable if Working Mode
is HSB or if Working Mode is SD. This parameter is unavailable if Working Mode is FD.
l It is recommended that you set Alarm Report Mode to Only protection group alarm. Anti-Jitter
Time takes the default value.
l Each of the parameters Working Mode, Revertive Mode, WTR Time(s),Anti-jitter Time(s), and
Enable Reverse Switching must be set to the same value at both ends of a radio hop.
Step 5 Click OK.
----End
5.7.10 Configuring the VLAN ID and Bandwidth Used by an

Inband DCN
The VLAN ID used by an inband DCN must be different from the VLAN ID used by services
and the bandwidth by an inband DCN must meet the requirements of the transmission
network for managing messages.
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.

Web LCT
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Communication > DCN
Management from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click the Bandwidth Management tab.
Step 3 Set the VLAN ID and bandwidth used by an inband DCN.

NOTE
l Ensure that all NEs on a DCN subnet use the same inband DCN VLAN ID. If an original NE on the DCN
subnet does not use the default value 4094 of Ethernet Board VLAN ID, change the inband DCN
VLAN ID of other NEs to the same value as that of this NE.
l It is recommended that Bandwidth take its default value. When the inband DCN is provided by DCN
channels in a GE link and the GE link is an aggregation link, set Bandwidth to 1000.
l IF Port Bandwidth(Kbit/s) specifies the bandwidth for inband DCN transmission on a radio link. It is
recommended that IF Port Bandwidth(Kbit/s) take its default value.
Step 4 Click Apply.
----End
5.7.11 Configuring Orderwire

The orderwire for an NE provides a dedicated communication channel that the network
maintenance personnel can use.
Prerequisites

Web LCT
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Orderwire
from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click the General tab.
Step 3 Configure the orderwire information.

Step 4 Click Apply.
Step 5 Optional: Change the overhead bytes occupied by the orderwire.

1. Click the Advanced tab.
2. Configure Orderwire Occupied Bytes.
3. Click Apply.
----End
5.8 Checking Alarms

By checking the alarms generated by the equipment, you can determine whether the
equipment is working properly.
Prerequisites
l The equipment is connected to the Web LCT.
l Data configuration is complete.

Web LCT

Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select an NE from the Object Tree, and then click on the toolbar.
Step 2 Click the Browse Current Alarms tab.
Step 3 Check the displayed alarm information.

Check whether there are any equipment alarms, the following alarms in particular:
l POWER_ALM
l FAN_FAIL
l HARD_BAD
l BD_STATUS
l SYNC_C_LOS
l CONFIG_NOSUPPORT
l NESF_LOST
l TEMP_ALARM
l IF_CABLE_OPEN
l XPIC_LOS
NOTE
For the CONFIG_NOSUPPORT, follow instructions in 5.7.8 Configuring a Hop of Radio Link to check
whether RF parameters meet ODU requirements.
For details about the preceding alarms and about how to handle them, refer to the OptiX RTN
950 Radio Transmission System Maintenance Guide.
----End
5.9 Testing Connectivity of Cables

During the installation of the OptiX RTN 950, the cables may be connected to service
interfaces incorrectly, or the hardware may malfunction. To ensure that the services run
properly, test connectivity of the cables.
5.9.1 Testing Connectivity of E1 Cables

By testing connectivity of E1 cables, you can check whether the E1 cables are properly
connected between the equipment and the DDF, and whether the E1 cables are in the normal
state.
Prerequisites
The equipment must be equipped with an E1 interface board, and the E1 port must travel
through the DDF before being connected to another device.

l Web LCT
l BER tester

Procedure
Step 1 At the DDF, connect the BER tester to the first E1 port of the IDU.
The BER tester displays the AIS alarm.
Figure 5-4 Connecting the BER tester

DDF
RX TX
1
2
RX TX
3
.. 4
..
BER tester
Step 2 Set the corresponding E1 port to Outloop using the Web LCT.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Outloop.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
Step 3 Observe the BER tester.

The BER tester should not display the AIS alarm any more.
Step 4 Release the outloop set in Step 2.

4. In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.
5. Click Apply.
6. Click OK.
Step 5 Observe the BER tester.

The BER tester should report the AIS alarm.
Step 6 Repeat Step 1 to Step 5 to test all the other E1 ports.
----End

5.9.2 Testing Connectivity of Network Cables

By testing connectivity of network cables, you can determine whether the network cables are
in the normal state.
Prerequisites
The network cables are already made.

Network cable tester
You can also test the connectivity of a network cable by performing a loopback on the data
ports (this method is applicable when the equipment is powered on). Specifically, use the
network cable to be tested to connect any two data ports. If the LINK indicators of the two
data ports turn on, it indicates that the network cable is in the normal state.
Procedure
Step 1 Connect the network cable to the port of the network cable tester.
Figure 5-5 Testing the Ethernet service cable
Step 2 Check the indicator of the network cable tester.
Network Cable End A End B

Straight-through The 1-8-G indicators turn on The 1-8-G indicators turn on one after
cable one after another. another.
Crossover cable The 1-8-G indicators turn on The 3-6-1-4-5-2-7-8-G indicators turn
one after another. on one after another.

Step 3 Connect the network cable that passes the test to the Ethernet port of the device.
----End
5.9.3 Checking Fiber Jumper Connection

During installation, the fiber jumpers may be incorrectly connected or the attenuation may be
excessively high. As a result, services will fail to run properly. To prevent this situation, check
the connection after the fiber jumper is routed from the optical interface to the optical
distribution frame (ODF). This topic mainly describes how to test the fiber jumper connection
by using an optical interface board.
Prerequisites
l The fiber jumper is installed and routed from the optical interface to the ODF.
l The equipment is powered on.

l Optical power meter
l Short fiber jumper
Precautions
DANGER
When you are checking the connection of fiber jumpers, avoid direct eye exposure to the laser
beams.
Connection Diagram
When you use an optical interface board to test the fiber jumper connection, connect the fiber
jumper to the optical power meter on the ODF side and connect the fiber jumper to the TX
port of the optical interface board on the chassis side. Figure 5-6 shows the connection.

Figure 5-6 Connection diagram for checking the fiber jumper connection by using an optical
interface board
SL1DA External
Cable
TX RX
ODF
Fiber jumper connected

to the TX port
Procedure
Step 1 On the chassis side, disconnect the fiber jumper from the TX port on an optical interface
board.
Step 2 Connect the optical power meter to the TX port on an optical interface board with a short fiber
jumper.
Step 3 Switch on the optical power meter and set the operating wavelength according to the type of
optical interface. The measured launched optical power of the optical interface board is A.
Step 4 Insert the fiber jumper back into the TX port.
Step 5 On the ODF side, disconnect the fiber jumper from the TX port. Connect the fiber jumper to
the optical power meter. The measured optical power is B.
Step 6 Disconnect the fiber jumper from the TX port on the optical interface board. The optical
power meter reads "LO" and does not receive any optical signals.
Step 7 Compare the values of A and B.
l If the difference between A and B is less than 1 dB, it indicates that the fiber jumper is
correctly connected and the attenuation of the fiber jumper is within the normal range.
l If the difference between A and B is more than 1 dB, verify that the fiber jumper is in
good condition and is correctly routed. Then, verify that the fiber jumper terminal is
clean.

NOTICE
If the fiber jumper is connected through a flange, the difference between A and B should be
less than 2 dB. Otherwise, it indicates that the fiber jumper is incorrectly connected or the
attenuation of the fiber jumper is not within the normal range. Verify that the fiber jumper is
in good condition and is correctly routed. Then, verify that the fiber jumper terminal is clean.
Step 8 Repeat Steps Step 1 through Step 7 to check the fiber jumper that is connected to the RX
port.
Step 9 Restore the fiber jumper connections on the chassis side and the ODF side.
Step 10 Repeat Steps Step 1 through Step 9 to check fiber jumper connections of other optical
interfaces and then restore the connections when completed.
----End
5.10 Aligning the Antennas

Aligning the antennas is the most important activity in HOP commissioning. The alignment
has a direct effect on the performance of the radio links.
5.10.1 Main Lobe and Side Lobes

Engineers performing an alignment on an antenna should be familiar with the related
knowledge of the main lobe and side lobes
Definitions of the Main Lobe and Side Lobes

The electric field strength of the radiated power of an antenna varies in space. The differences
of the power distribution can be shown in an azimuth diagram. Generally, there are the
horizontal azimuth diagram for the horizontal section and the vertical azimuth diagram for the
vertical section. Figure 5-7 is a vertical azimuth diagram. There are many lobes in this figure.
The lobe with the strongest radiated power is the main lobe. The other lobes are side lobes
wherein the first side lobe can be used for aligning the antenna.
Figure 5-7 Main lobe and side lobes
Main lobe
First side lobe
Second side lobe

Locating the Main Lobe

Antenna alignment involves making the main lobe of the local antenna align with the main
lobe of the opposite antenna. The purpose is to make the received signal strength of the
opposite antenna reach the maximum value.
The main lobe width of the microwave antenna is narrow, between 0.6° and 3.7°. For
instance, in the case of a 1.2 m antenna at a working frequency of 23 GHz, the azimuth is only
0.9° when the signal level drops from the signal peak to zero. Once a signal is detected, very
small alignment adjustments are required to locate the main lobe.
Antenna movement across the main lobe results in a rapid rise and fall in the signal level.
Whether the main lobe is aligned properly can be verified by comparing the received signal
peaks. Typically, the main lobe signal peak is 20-25 dB higher than the first side lobe signal
peak.
Figure 5-8 shows the head-on view of a free-space model for radio propagation with
concentric rings of side lobe peaks and troughs radiating outward from the main lobe.
Figure 5-8 Horizontal section and front view of the antenna

180o
90o
0o
Center of the main lobe
Outer edge of the main lobe, 3-

180o 10 dB lower than the main lobe
Trough between the main lobe
and the first side lobe, 30 dB
lower than the main lobe
90o First side lobe, 20-25 dB
lower than the main lobe
Trough between the first side lobe

and the second side lobe, 30 dB
0o or more lower than the main lobe
Second side lobe, where
a Horizontal section of signals are very weak
b Head-on view
the antenna
Tracking Path
Side lobe signal readings are sometimes mistaken for main lobe readings when signals are
tracked on different elevation (or azimuth). Figure 5-9 shows a horizontal radio propagation
model of the antenna, and signal levels at three different elevation positions (1-7 represent the
measured signal level values of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) port of the
ODU).

Figure 5-9 Three tracking paths

Head-on view of tracking paths for
different elevations Signal levels for each path
6 7
C C'
C 6 7 C' 5
4
B 4 5 B'
B B'
1 2 3
A A'
2
1 3
A A'
l Line AA' indicates that the main lobe of the antenna is almost aligned properly. The
main lobe is at point 2, and the first side lobes are at points 1 and 3. Slightly adjust the
azimuth of the antenna at point 2 until the peak signal appears.
l Line BB' indicates that the elevation of the antenna slightly deviates from the main lobe.
The signal peaks appear at points 4 and 5. The signal peak at point 4 is higher than the
signal peak at point 5 because of the antenna characteristics. As a result, point 4 may be
mistaken for the peak point of the main lobe signal. The correct method is to set the
azimuth of the antenna to the middle position between the two signal peaks. Then, adjust
the elevation of the antenna until the three signal peaks of line AA' appear. Slightly
adjust the elevation and azimuth of the antenna at point 2 until the peak signal appears.
l Line CC' indicates that the elevation of the antenna completely deviates from the main
lobe and is almost aligned with the first side lobe. The signal peak of the first side lobe at
point 6 and the signal peak of the first side lobe at point 7 appear as one signal peak. As
a result, points 6 and 7 may be mistaken for the peak point of the main lobe signal. The
correct method is to set the azimuth of the antenna to the middle of points 6 and 7. Then,
adjust the elevation of the antenna until the three signal peaks of line AA' appear.
Slightly adjust the elevation and azimuth of the antenna at point 2 until the peak signal
appears.
When the side lobe peak at one side is higher than the side lobe peak at the other side, as
shown in Figure 5-10, a common error is moving the antenna left to right along line DD', or
top to bottom along line EE'. As a result, point 1 may be mistaken for the peak point of the
main lobe signal. The correct method is to adjust the elevation in the middle of points 1 and 2
or the azimuth in the middle of points 1 and 3. Several adjustments are required so that the
three signal peaks of line AA' can appear. Slightly adjust the elevation and azimuth of the
antenna at point 2 as shown in Figure 5-9 until the peak signal appears.

Figure 5-10 Aligning the antenna with the first side lobe
E
1
2
D D'
1 2
D D'
1
3
3
E E'
E'
5.10.2 Aligning Single-Polarized Antennas

When aligning single-polarized antennas, engineers need to align the main lobe by adjusting
the azimuth and elevation of the antennas at both ends.
Prerequisites
l The site commissioning of the radio equipment at both ends of the radio link is complete.
l The weather at both stations is suitable for outdoor operations and there is no threat of
rain, snow, or fog.
l On-site conditions meet the requirements for the antennas to operate at a high altitude
and the personnel commissioning the antennas are trained to work at high altitudes.
l The Multimeter is calibrated.
l The ATPC function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).
l The AM function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).

l Adjustable wrench
l Telescope
l Interphone
l Hex key
l Multimeter
NOTICE
You can adjust the azimuth and elevation of the antennas by adjusting the appropriate nuts or
screws. For details, see the installation guide for the antennas. Steps provided in this section
are for reference only.

Precautions
l If the radio link is configured in 1+1 protection mode and one antenna is used at each
end, power off the standby ODUs at both ends before aligning the antennas. After the
antennas are aligned, power on the standby ODUs at both ends.
l If the radio link is configured in 1+1 SD mode, align the antennas in the following
sequence:
a. Power on the main ODUs at both ends. Ensure that they are powered on during the
alignment.
b. Power off the standby ODUs at both ends. Then, align the main antennas at both
ends.
c. Power on the standby ODU at the local end. Retain the position of the main antenna
at the remote end, and adjust the diversity antenna at the local end.
d. Power on the standby ODU at the remote end. Retain the position of the main
antenna at the local end, and adjust the diversity antenna at the remote end.
l If the radio link is configured in 1+1 FD mode and two antennas are used at each end,
align the antenna in the following sequence:
a. Power on the main ODUs, power off the standby ODUs, and align the main
antennas at both ends.
b. Power off the main ODUs, power on the standby ODUs, and align the diversity
antennas at both ends.
NOTE
For a dual-channel IF board, turn off the soft power switch of ODUs or mute ODUs instead of powering off
them.
Procedure
Step 1 Calculate the voltage value VBNC for the RSSI port corresponding to the designed receive
power based on the RSSI and received signal level (RSL) curves.
NOTE
The curve diagram for VBNC and RSL is delivered along with the ODU.
Step 2 Determine the azimuth of the antenna according to the installation position and height of the
antenna. Then, adjust the elevation of the antenna to the horizontal position.
NOTE
For a special radio link (for example, with one end on the mountain top and the other end at the mountain
foot), inclination between the link and the horizontal line is larger than the half-power angle of the antenna.
You need to first slightly adjust the elevation of the antenna, so that the main lobes are aligned in the vertical
direction.
Step 3 Connect a multimeter to the RSSI port on the ODU at the local end and test the voltage value
VBNC. Turn the multimeter to the DC power level with the voltage value 20 V.
NOTE
It is recommended that you fix the multimeter to the tower with adhesive tapes at a point suitable for
observation, so that you can observe the RSSI voltage value while aligning antennas.

Figure 5-11 Testing the RSSI voltage by using a multimeter
Dual-pin BNC Single-pin BNC

Test pin
Step 4 Adjust the azimuth and elevation of the antenna as follows:

1. Keep the remote antenna fixed.
2. Adjust the azimuth adjustment nut, rotate the antenna widely in the horizontal direction,
and observe the value of VBNC on the multimeter. When the value is not 0, tighten the
azimuth adjustment nut.
3. Adjust the azimuth adjustment nut, rotate the antenna slightly in the horizontal direction,
and observe the peak values of VBNC on the multimeter.
Normally, three signal peaks are tracked, as shown in Figure 5-12.
Figure 5-12 Signal peaks

NOTICE
When the rotation range is wide enough and the observation of the multimeter is careful,
see5.10.1 Main Lobe and Side Lobes if less or more than two signal peaks appear.
4. Adjust the azimuth adjustment nut until the azimuth of the antenna is at position 2 in
Figure 5-12. When the antenna is at position 2, the value of VBNC is the peak value.
5. Slightly adjust the elevation and azimuth at point 2 until VBNC reaches the peak within
the tracked range.
6. Tighten the antenna at the local end.
NOTE
When you tighten the antenna, ensure that the VBNC voltage remains at the peak value.
Step 5 Repeat Step 2 to Step 4 to adjust the antenna at the remote end. When the VBNC reaches the
peak value, tighten the antenna at the remote end.
Step 6 Repeat Step 2 to Step 4 for two to four times. When the VBNC at the local end and the VBNC
at the remote end reach the peak value, tighten the antennas at both ends.
NOTE
l The adjustments are slight.

l After the adjustments, the VBNC must reach or exceed the VBNC value obtained in Step 1 after antennas at
both ends are tightened.
----End
5.10.3 Aligning Dual-Polarized Antennas

When aligning dual-polarized antennas, engineers need to align the main lobe by adjusting the
azimuth and elevation of the antennas at both ends. Engineers also need to adjust the feed
booms of the antennas so that the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) meets the specified
requirements.
Prerequisites
l The site commissioning of the radio equipment at both ends of the radio link is complete.
l The weather at both stations is suitable for outdoor operations and there is no threat of
rain, snow, or fog
l On-site conditions meet the requirements for the antennas to operate at a high altitude
and the personnel commissioning the antennas are trained to work at high altitudes.
l The Multimeter is calibrated.
l The ATPC function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).
l The AM function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).

l Adjustable wrench
l Telescope
l Interphone

l Hex key
l Multimeter
l Spanner delivered with the OMT
Context
NOTE
For a dual-channel IF board, turn off the soft power switch of ODUs or mute ODUs instead of powering off
them.
In this topic, ODUs at both ends are installed separately from antennas. If ODUs at both ends need to be
installed directly on antennas, the action of adjusting the feed boom needs to be changed to the action of
adjusting the OMT.
When aligning antennas, use RSLs measured by a multimeter to calculate XPD values. After NEs run
properly, you can query XPD values on the NMS to check link status.
Procedure
Step 1 Power off the vertically polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link, and power on the
horizontally polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link. Ensure that the antennas transmit
horizontally polarized signals.
Step 2 Adjust the azimuth angle and elevation angle of the antennas at both ends by referring to
5.10.2 Aligning Single-Polarized Antennas, and ensure that the main lobe of the
horizontally polarized signals is aligned with the antenna.
Step 3 Measure the RSL (P1) of the horizontally polarized signals at the local end.
1. Use a multimeter to measure the signal level on the RSSI port of the horizontally
polarized ODUs.
2. Calculate the RSL (P1) of the horizontally polarized received signals by referring to the
curve diagram delivered along with the ODUs.
Step 4 Adjust the feed boom at the local end, and ensure that the RSL of the vertically polarized
signals reaches the lower threshold (P2).
1. Power on the vertically polarized ODUs at the local end.
2. Use a multimeter to measure the signal level on the RSSI port of the vertically polarized
ODUs.
3. Calculate the RSL (P2) of the vertically polarized signals by referring to the curve
diagram in the ODUs box.
4. Calculate the XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2).
NOTE
– 24 dB is obtained through a rollback from the antenna XPD specification 30 dB by 6 dB.

– In actual commissioning, the XPD value is usually greater than 24 dB. Try to adjust the XPD value
to the maximum value to ensure that links work in the optimal state.
If... Then...
The calculated XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2) is less than 24 dB Proceed to the next step.
The calculated XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2) is not less than 24 Perform Step 5.
dB

5. Release the holder of the feed boom to some extent, and turn the feed boom slightly until
the signal level reaches the lower threshold. The calculated XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2)
should not be less than 24 dB.
Step 5 Record the angle (D1) of the current feed boom.
Step 6 Power off the horizontally polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link, and power on the
vertically polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link. Ensure that the antennas transmit
vertically polarized signals.
Step 7 Measure the RSL (P3) of the vertically polarized signals at the local end by referring to Step
3.
Step 8 Adjust the feed boom at the local end, and ensure that the RSL of the horizontally polarized
signals reaches the lower threshold (P4).
1. Power on the horizontally polarized ODUs at the local end.
2. Use a multimeter to measure the signal level on the RSSI port of the horizontally
polarized ODUs.
3. Calculate the RSL (P4) of the horizontally polarized signals by referring to the curve
diagram delivered along with the ODUs.
4. Calculate the XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4).
NOTE
– 24 dB is obtained through a rollback from the antenna XPD specification 30 dB by 6 dB.

– In actual commissioning, the XPD value is usually greater than 24 dB. Try to adjust the XPD value
to the maximum value to ensure that links work in the optimal state.
If... Then...
The calculated XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4) is less than 24 dB Proceed to the next step.
The calculated XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4) is not less than 24 Perform Step 9.
dB
5. Release the holder of the feed boom to some extent, and turn the feed boom slightly until
the signal level reaches the lower threshold. The calculated XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4)
should not be less than 24 dB.
Step 9 Record the angle (D2) of the current feed boom.
Step 10 Adjust the feed boom slightly (ranging from D1 to D2), and ensure that XPD1 and XPD2 are
not less than 24 dB.
NOTE
l If D1 and D2 are the same, you do not need to adjust the feed boom.
l 24 dB is obtained through a rollback from the antenna XPD specification 30 dB by 6 dB.
l In actual commissioning, the XPD value is usually greater than 24 dB. Try to adjust the XPD value to the
maximum value to ensure that links work in the optimal state.
Step 11 Tighten all the screws on the antennas.

NOTE
Use the multimeter to measure the received value of RSSI again to ensure that no fault occurred in the
process of tightening the screws.
----End

Related Information
In practice, you can align dual-polarized antennas by measuring only the vertically polarized
signals.
5.11 Checking the Radio Link Status and the Receive

Power
After antenna alignment, check whether the status of a radio link is normal and the receive
power meets requirements.
Prerequisites
l Antennas have been aligned.
l The basic data of NEs on the entire network has been configured.
l You must be an NM user with NE maintainer authority or higher.

Web LCT
Procedure
Step 1 Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Radio Link
Configuration.
Step 2 Select the IF board carrying the radio link.
Step 3 Click Get Links.

Basic information about the radio link is displayed in the window.
1. If basic information about the radio link is displayed, the link is normal.
2. If basic information about the radio link is not displayed, check whether data
configurations in the radio direction are correct and whether antennas have been properly
aligned.
Step 4 Click Query to query whether RX Power(dBm) at both ends meet requirements. It is
recommended that the receive power deviate from the planned value only within the specified
range.

----End

Commissioning Guide 6 Site Commissioning (Using a USB Flash Drive)
6 Site Commissioning (Using a USB Flash

Drive)
About This Chapter
Using the USB flash drive to configure commissioning data is the fastest way unless the
configuration data in the USB flash drive is correct.
NOTE
This operation is supported by only OptiX RTN 950 with CSHU/CSHUA boards.
Context
The operation procedure is as follows:
6.2 Loading Commissioning Data from a USB Flash Drive
When you load commissioning data from a USB flash drive to an NE, you can upgrade the
NE software simultaneously.
6.3 Using the Web LCT to Complete Subsequent Commissioning Items
The specific commissioning steps are the same as those in the scenario wherein the entire
commissioning process is performed using the Web LCT.


Prerequisites
l The power system is available. The voltage, pole connection, and fuse current of the
power system have been checked in the process of connecting power cables.
l The power supply (for example, the power distribution box of the cabinet) has been
turned off.

None.
Context
l For the OptiX RTN 950, the recommended fuse currents are listed in Table 6-1.
Table 6-1 Fuse currents

Chassis Recommended Fuse Capacity
OptiX RTN 950 20 A
NOTE
The recommended fuse capacity of 20 A can meet requirements under the maximum power
consumption. Customers can compute the fuse capacity according to the actual power
consumption. The fuse capacity should be larger than or equal to (total power consumption x 1.5)/
(rated voltage x 87.5%). For example, when the rated power supply is -48 V and the total power
consumption of the IDU is less than or equal to 420 W, the fuse capacity can be set to 15 A (=
[420 x 1.5]/[48 x 87.5%]).
l The OptiX RTN 950 supports the following system control, switching, and timing board:
Chassis Board Type
OptiX RTN 950 CSH/CST/CSHU/CSHUA

Precautions
NOTICE
l If the equipment is configured with two PIU boards, the nominal voltage for the input
power of each PIU board must be the same.
l The ODU-PWR switch on the front panel of the single-channel IF board is designed with a
locking device. Hence, you must pull out the switches lightly before you turn it. If the
switch points to "O", the switch is turned off. If the switch points to "I", the switch is
turned on.
l If the output voltage of the power supply does not meet test requirements, do not power on
the cabinet. First, reconstruct the power supply and then test the output voltage again.
Procedure
Step 1 Verify that the power cables of the chassis are correctly connected. Then, power on the
equipment and check the status of the indicators. In normal conditions, the PIU/FAN
indicators are steady green, as shown in Figure 6-1. Table 6-2 provides the descriptions for
the different states of the indicators.
Table 6-2 Status of indicators

Indicator State Description
PWR Steady green Indicates that the power supply is in

the normal state.
Off Indicates a power failure.
FAN Steady green Indicates that the fan is running

properly.
Steady red Indicates that the fan is faulty.
Off Indicates that the fan is powered

off.


PIU indicator FAN indicator
Step 2 Check the status of the indicators on the system control, switching, and timing board and
ensure that the equipment is powered on. The board indicators should conform to the
following states and sequences.
1. The PROG indicator should blink green, turn off, and then become steady green.
2. The STAT indicators should be green.

ACTC
ACTX
SYNC
PROG
STAT
NOTE
l For detailed meanings of the indicators, see the IDU hardware description.
l For a board other than the system control, switching, and timing board on the IDU, the STAT indicator is
on only after the corresponding logical board is added.
Step 3 Turn the ODU-PWR switch on an IF board to the "I" position.

NOTE
l The ODU indicator on an IF board is green only after the logical board of the IF board connected to
the ODU and the logical board of the ODU are created.
l In the event of indicator abnormalities, contact Huawei technical support.
l Skip this step when powering on a dual-channel IF board (ISM6).
----End
6.2 Loading Commissioning Data from a USB Flash Drive

When you load commissioning data from a USB flash drive to an NE, you can upgrade the
NE software simultaneously.

Prerequisites
l The NE has been powered on and is running normally.
l The commissioning data has been loaded to a USB flash drive.
NOTE
1. Copy the RTN.CER file to the root directory of the USB flash drive. The RTN.CER file is generated
by the network management center system administrator using a special-purpose tool and it stores
the administrator-level user names and MD5/SHA256/PBKDF2-encrypted passwords of these
users.
2. The data for deployment commissioning is stored in the following directories in the USB flash
drive:
l \pkg: NE software
l \license: license files
l \script: commissioning scripts

USB flash drive
Procedure
Step 1 Insert the USB flash drive in the USB port on the OptiX RTN 950. If the NE houses the active
and standby system control boards, remove the standby system control board before inserting
the USB flash drive. After loading data from the USB flash drive to the active system control
board is complete, insert the standby system control board.
Step 2 Check the data loading status based on the indicator on the USB flash drive.
Status of the USB Data Loading Status Operation

Indicator
The indicator blinks yellow The loading of Remove the USB flash
and then turns steady green. commissioning data is drive.
complete.
NOTE
l When the indicator is
blinking yellow, do not
remove the USB flash
drive. Otherwise, the data
loading may be
interrupted.
l After the data loading is
complete, the NE will
automatically reset, which
takes 2 minutes to 3
minutes. After the reset is
complete, the USB
indicator and the system
indicator (SRV) on the NE
are both steady green,
indicating that the data
loading is successful.

Status of the USB Data Loading Status Operation

Indicator
The indicator is off. The USB flash drive is l Copy the commissioning
faulty and fails to get online. data to another USB
NOTE flash drive.
Another possible cause is that l Repeat Step 1 to load the
the USB flash drive is not
commissioning data to
properly inserted.
the NE.
The indicator blinks red. The type of the USB flash l Copy the commissioning
drive is incorrect or an error data to another USB
occurs when the NE flash drive.
attempts to read/write the l Repeat Step 1 to load the
USB flash drive. commissioning data to
NOTE the NE.
3.1 Preparing Documents
and Tools provides the USB
flash drive types that the
OptiX RTN 950 supports.
The indicator is steady red. The loaded commissioning Reload the data:
data is abnormal. l Save the correct NE
software and
commissioning data
scripts in the correct
directories of the USB
flash drive.
l Repeat Step 1 to load the
commissioning data to
the NE.
Step 3 Remove the USB flash drive.

NOTE
Remove the USB flash drive from the USB interface immediately after data loading from the USB flash drive
is complete. Otherwise, data loading may be performed again due to operations such as data configuration,
NE reset, software loading.
----End
6.3 Using the Web LCT to Complete Subsequent

Commissioning Items
The specific commissioning steps are the same as those in the scenario wherein the entire
commissioning process is performed using the Web LCT.
Prerequisites
l The OptiX RTN 950 has been powered on.
l Commissioning data has been downloaded from the USB flash drive to the NE.


Web LCT
Procedure
Step 1 At one end of the radio link, 5.3 Logging In to the Web LCT (Through NMS Interface).
Step 2 5.8 Checking Alarms.
Step 3 5.9 Testing Connectivity of Cables.
Step 4 5.10 Aligning the Antennas.
Step 5 5.11 Checking the Radio Link Status and the Receive Power.
----End

Commissioning Guide 7 System Commissioning
7 System Commissioning
About This Chapter
System commissioning includes the specific commissioning processes for all system
commissioning items.
7.1 Configuring Networkwide Service Data

After site commissioning is performed for each hop of the radio links, the ECC
communication between NEs is normal. In this case, an NE can be accessed by using the
U2000, and the networkwide service data can be configured.
7.2 Testing Connectivity of E1 Services
By testing E1 services, you can check whether the E1 services are available over radio links.
7.3 Testing Connectivity of Ethernet Services
When a microwave network transmits Ethernet services, you need to test the connectivity of
Ethernet services. Ethernet services can be tested using the ETH OAM function. Therefore,
no tester is required.
7.4 Testing ATM Services
By testing ATM services, you can check whether ATM services are available over radio links.
The ATM services can be tested using the ATM OAM function. Therefore, no tester is
required.
7.5 Testing AM Shifts
When the AM function is enabled for some radio links on a microwave network, you can test
the AM function on typical radio links to check whether AM shifts are functional.
7.6 Testing Protection Switching
By testing protection switching, you can determine whether the protection switching is
normal over radio links.
7.7 Checking the Clock Status
Check the clock status for each NE to ensure that the clocks of all the NEs on a radio network
are synchronized.
7.8 Testing the FM over a Radio Link
The fade margin (FM) over a radio link can be evaluated by measuring the mean square errors
(MSEs) at different received signal levels (RSLs).

7.9 Testing E1 Service Performance

You can check whether the equipment can transmit E1 services stably for a long term by
testing 24-hour BER.
7.10 Testing Ethernet Service Performance
The NE-inherent test functions can test Ethernet service performance.

7.1 Configuring Networkwide Service Data

After site commissioning is performed for each hop of the radio links, the ECC
communication between NEs is normal. In this case, an NE can be accessed by using the
U2000, and the networkwide service data can be configured.
Context
NOTE
For more configuration tasks, see the Mapping between Configuration Examples and Scenarios in
Configuration Guide
7.2 Testing Connectivity of E1 Services

By testing E1 services, you can check whether the E1 services are available over radio links.
Context
NOTE
l It is recommended that you test low-priority Ethernet services in good weather conditions, where the AM
function works in the highest-efficiency modulation mode.
l The tested E1 services can be Native E1 services or CES E1 services.
7.2.1 Testing E1 Services by Using a BER Tester

If a BER tester is available, the BER tester can be used to test whether E1 services are
available.
Prerequisites
The NE must be configured with E1 services, and the E1 services must be transmitted through
the DDF.

l U2000
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
l BER tester
NOTE
For a test of CES services in CESoPSN mode, a BER tester supporting Nx64 Kbit/s timeslot setting is
necessary.
Procedure
Step 1 On the DDF at the central site, connect the BER tester to the first E1 port of the IDU.
The BER tester indicates the AIS alarm.

Figure 7-1 Connecting the BER tester

DDF
RX TX
1
2
RX TX
3
.. 4
..
BER tester
Step 2 On the NMS, perform an inloop for the corresponding E1 port at the remote site.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.
5. Click Apply.
6. Click OK.
7. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
8. Click Close.
Step 3 Test the bit errors for two minutes.

There should be no bit errors.
NOTE
For a test of CES services, it is necessary to configure 64 Kbit/s timeslots on a BER tester to align with the
timeslots carrying CES services.
Step 4 Release the inloop set in Step 2.

5. Click Apply.
6. Click OK.
7. Click OK.

8. Click Close.
Step 5 Repeat Step 1 through Step 4 to test all other E1 ports.
----End
7.2.2 Testing E1 Services Using PRBS

If no BER tester is available, you can test connectivity of E1 services by using the PRBS test
system embedded in the equipment.
Prerequisites
l The NE must be configured with E1 services.
l The communication between the NMS and the NE must be normal.
l A PRBS test can be performed for a CES service only if the CES service uses CESoPSN
encapsulation and is carried by timeslots 1 to 31.

U2000
NOTE
Precautions
NOTICE
l When a PRBS test is performed, the services carried on the tested path are interrupted.
l The PRBS test can be performed only in a unidirectional manner and on one path at a
time.
l The PRBS test method is inapplicable when the CESoPSN mode is used and a CES
service uses fewer than 31 TDM timeslots.
l During a PRBS test on an unframed CES service at an E1 port, the E1 port will report the
LOOP_ALM alarm.
Procedure
Step 1 On the NMS, perform an inloop for the corresponding E1 port at the remote site.
5. Click Apply.

6. Click OK.
7. Click OK.
8. Click Close.
Step 2 At the central site, on the NMS, select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
Step 3 In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PRBS Test.
Step 4 Select the first E1 port, and then set the following PRBS-related parameters:
Parameter TDM Service CES Service
Direction Cross-connection NNI
Frame Format - Framed
Test Period Short(1s) Short(1s)
Test Times 120 120
Step 5 Click Start to Test.

Step 6 Click OK.
Step 7 Release the inloop set in Step 1.

5. Click Apply.
6. Click OK.
7. Click OK.
8. Click Close.

Step 8 Repeat Step 1 through Step 7 to test all other E1 ports.
----End
7.3 Testing Connectivity of Ethernet Services

When a microwave network transmits Ethernet services, you need to test the connectivity of
Ethernet services. Ethernet services can be tested using the ETH OAM function. Therefore,
no tester is required.
7.3.1 Testing Ethernet Services Configured on a Per-NE Basis

To test Ethernet services configured on a per-NE basis, you need to manually create ETH-
OAM instances.
Prerequisites
Ethernet services must be configured.
NOTE
l It is recommended that you test low-priority Ethernet services in good weather conditions when the AM
l The tested Ethernet services can be Native Ethernet services, EoS/EoPDHservices, orEthernet services
carried by PWs.

U2000
NOTE
Test Connection Diagram

The following test procedure considers the Ethernet service from PORT2 on NE2 and PORT3
on NE3 to PORT1 on NE1 as an example, as shown in Figure 7-2.The three Ethernet ports
are not on the EMS6/EFP8 boards.
Figure 7-2 Networking diagram for testing Ethernet services
PORT 2 NE 2
NodeB 1 VLAN ID=100 NE 1

PORT 1
NE 3
PORT 3 RNC
NodeB 2 VLAN ID=200 Microwave network

The VLAN ID of the Ethernet service from NE2 to NE1 is 100, and the VLAN ID of the
Ethernet service from NE3 to NE1 is 200.
NOTE
If the Ethernet ports are on the EMS6/EFP8 boards, you can still perform the following steps to test the
Ethernet services by eliminating the need to set up the remote maintenance end point. In addition, the
operations on the NMS are different. For details, see 9.1 Creating MDs, 9.2 Creating MAs, 9.3
Creating MPs, and 9.4 Performing an LB Test.
Procedure
Step 1 Configure the maintenance domains of NE1, NE2, and NE3.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration >
Ethernet OAM Management > Ethernet Service OAM Management from the
Function Tree.
2. Choose New > New Maintenance Domain.
The New Maintenance Domain dialog box is displayed.
3. Configure the parameters of the new maintenance domains.

Parameter Value
NE1 NE2 NE3
Maintenance MD1 MD1 MD1

Domain Name
Maintenance 4 4 4
Domain Level
NOTE
The maintenance Maintenance Domain Name and the Maintenance Domain Level of the NEs
must be the same.
4. Click OK to close the displayed dialog box.
Step 2 Configure the maintenance associations of NE1, NE2, and NE3.
1. Select the maintenance domain in which a maintenance association needs to be created.
Choose New > New Maintenance Association.
The New Maintenance Association dialog box is displayed.

2. Configure the parameters of the new maintenance associations.

Parameter Value
NE1 NE2 NE3
From NE1 to From NE1 to From NE2 to From NE3 to

NE2 NE3 NE1 NE1
Maintenance MA1 MA2 MA1 MA2

Association
Name
Relevant 1-E-line1 1-E-line2 1-E-line1 1-E-line2

Service
NOTE
Click in Relevant Service, and select associated services in the New Maintenance
Association dialog box.
Step 3 Configure the MEPs of NE1, NE2, and NE3.

1. Click the Maintenance Association tab.
2. Select the maintenance association in which an MEP needs to be created. Choose New >
New MEP Point.
The system displays the New MEP Point dialog box.
3. Configure the parameters of the new MEPs.

Parameter Value
NE1(MA1) NE1(MA2) NE2(MA1) NE3(MA2)
MEP ID 101 101 102 103
Direction Ingress Ingress Ingress Ingress
CC Status Active Active Active Active


Step 4 Configure the remote MEPs for the maintenance associations of NE1, NE2, and NE3.
1. Click the Maintenance Association tab.
2. Choose OAM > Manage Remote MEP Point. The Manage Remote MEP Point dialog
box is displayed.
3. Click New.
Then, the Add Maintenance Association Remote Maintenance Point dialog box is
displayed.
4. Set the parameters of the new remote MEPs.

Parameter Value
NE1 (MA1) NE1 (MA2) NE2 (MA1) NE3 (MA2)
Remote 102 103 101 101

Maintenance
Point ID
NOTE
Set the Remote Maintenance Point ID of NE1 to the MEP ID of NE2 and NE3, and set the
Remote Maintenance Point ID of NE2 and NE3 to the MEP ID of NE1.
5. Click OKto close the displayed dialog box.
Step 5 Test the availability of the Ethernet services from NE1 to NE2 and NE3.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of the NE1, and then choose
Configuration > Ethernet OAM Management > Ethernet Service OAM.
2. Select the MD, MA, and MEP that correspond to Port 1, click OAM.
3. Select Start LB.
The LB Test window is displayed.
4. Select Destination Maintenance Point ID, and set the parameters in Test Node.

Parameter Value
Maintenance Association Name MA1
Source Maintenance Point ID 101 (maintenance point ID of NE1)
Destination Maintenance Point ID 102 (maintenance point ID of NE2)
Transmitted Packet Count 20 (recommended)
Transmitted Packet Length 64 (64 is a recommended value, and the

parameter can also be set to 128, 256,
512, 1024, and 1280 for testing the
Ethernet services of different packet
lengths.)
NOTE
The maximum Packet Length is 1400.
Transmitted Packet Priority 7 (recommended)
5. Click Start Test.

6. Check Detection Result.
The LossRate in the Detection Result should be 0.
7. Repeat Step 5.4 to Step 5.6 to test the Ethernet services from NE1 to NE3.
Parameter Value
Maintenance Association Name MA2
Source Maintenance Point ID 101 (maintenance point ID of NE1)
Destination Maintenance Point ID 103 (maintenance point ID of NE3)
Transmitted Packet Count 20 (recommended)
Transmitted Packet Length 64 (64 is a recommended value, and the

parameter can also be set to 128, 256,
512, 1024, and 1280 for testing the
Ethernet services of different packet
lengths.)
NOTE
The maximum Packet Length is 1400.

Parameter Value
Transmitted Packet Priority 7 (recommended)
----End
7.3.2 Testing Ethernet Services Configured in an End-to-End

Manner
This section describes how to use Ethernet OAM to test the Ethernet services configured in an
end-to-end manner.
Prerequisites
Ethernet services have been configured in an end-to-end manner.
NOTE
l For low-priority Ethernet services, it is recommended that you perform the test when weather condition is
favorable and the radio link works in the highest-order modulation scheme.
l The Ethernet services to be tested must be Native Ethernet services or Ethernet services carried by PWs.

U2000
NOTE
The Web LCT does not support this operation.
Connection Diagram for the Test

Ethernet services shown in Figure 7-3 are used as an example in the following test procedure.
An end-to-end E-LAN service can be configured to converge services from port 2 of NE2 and
port 3 of NE3 to port 1 of NE1. The Ethernet service between NE1 and NE2 has the VLAN
ID 100. The Ethernet service between NE1 and NE3 has the VLAN ID 200.
Figure 7-3 Test connection diagram
PORT 2 NE 2
NodeB 1 VLAN ID=100 NE 1

PORT 1
NE 3
PORT 3 RNC
NodeB 2 VLAN ID=200 Microwave network

Procedure
Step 1 Choose Service > Native Ethernet Service > Manage Native Ethernet Service from the
Main Menu.
Step 2 In the Set Filter Criteria dialog box, set filter criteria and click Filter.
The Native Ethernet services that meet the criteria are listed in the query result.
NOTE
If no filter criteria is required, click Filter.
Step 3 Right-click the Ethernet service to be tested. Choose Ethernet OAM > LB Test from the
shortcut menu.
NOTE
l An LB test is used to check bidirectional connectivity. For a bidirectional service, it is recommended

that you start the test on either end of the service link.
l If a link to be tested carries Ethernet services with different VLANs, the U2000 tests only one
service.
l Do not perform multiple LB tests on one NE simultaneously.
Step 4 Optional: If Ethernet OAM is not configured on the Ethernet services, the Prompt dialog
box is displayed.
1. Click Add.
2. Configure the source port and sink port. For the service between NE1 and NE2, set the
Ethernet OAM parameters for as follows:
3. Repeat Step 4.1 to Step 4.2 to configure Ethernet OAM for the service between NE1 and
NE3.
4. Click OK.
NOTE
If the Ethernet services to be tested are E-Line services and Ethernet OAM is not configured, the following
dialog box is displayed. Click Yes. The system will automatically configure Ethernet OAM.

Step 5 On the LB Test dialog box, select the link between NE1 and NE2.
Step 6 Optional: Right-click the link between and choose Config LB Parameter from the shortcut
menu. Set Sent Packets, Sent Packets Length, and Sent Packets Priority. Then, click OK.
l Sent Packets: 20 (recommended)

l Sent Packets Length: 64 (recommended, and the parameter can be set to 64, 128, 256,
512, 1024, or 1280 for testing the availability of Ethernet services of different packet
lengths.)
NOTE
The maximum packet length is 1400.

l Sent Packets Priority: 7 (recommended)
Step 7 Click Run.
Step 8 Click the LB Testing Information and LB Statistics Information tabs, and determine
whether the service is available based on the displayed information.
Normally, Test Results indicates Test Succeeded.

Step 9 Repeat Step 5 to Step 8 to test the Ethernet services between NE1 and NE3.
----End
7.4 Testing ATM Services

By testing ATM services, you can check whether ATM services are available over radio links.
The ATM services can be tested using the ATM OAM function. Therefore, no tester is
required.
Prerequisites
l End-to-end ATM services must be configured.

U2000
NOTE
When an LB test is performed on the ATM service, the segment and end attribute is set to
specify the types of transmitted ATM OAM cells.
l When Segment End Attribute is set to Segment point, segment LB cells are
transmitted.
l When Segment End Attribute is set to Endpoint, end-to-end LB cells are transmitted.


This example shows how to test the ATM service over a radio link hop. The method for
testing the ATM services over multiple radio link hops is the same. Figure 7-4 shows the test
connection diagram. NE A and NE B are the OptiX RTN 950.
The services of the boards on the NE1 and NE2 are configured as follows:
Attribute NE A NE B
UNI Service source 3-MD1-1 (Trunk-1) 3-MD1-1 (Trunk-1)
Bound port 3-MD1-1 (Port-1) 3-MD1-1 (Port-1)

3-MD1-2 (Port-2) 3-MD1-2 (Port-2)
VPI 1 101
VCI 51 501
NNI PW ID 1 1
Service source - -
Bound port - -
VPI 101 101
VCI 501 501
Figure 7-4 Connection diagram for testing the connectivity of the ATM service
UNI NNI NNI UNI
VPI VCI VPI VCI VPI VCI VPI VCI
1 51 101 501 101 501 101 501
NodeB NE A NE B RNC
Procedure
Step 1 Set the segment and end attributes of the ATM services on the NE A and NE B.
1. In the NE Explorer, select an NE and then choose Configuration > ATM OAM
2. Click the Segment and End Attribute tab, and choose the ATM service to be tested.
3. As for NE A and NE B, set Segment and End Attribute to Segment point.
4. As for NE A and NE B, set Connection Direction to Sink.

5. Click Apply.
6. Click Close.
Step 2 Set the identifier at the loopback point from NE A to NE B.

1. In the NE Explorer, select an NE and then choose Configuration > ATM OAM
Management from the Function Tree. Click the LLID tab.
2. Set Country Code, Network Code, and NE Code.
Set the parameters of NE A as follows:
– Set Country Code to 00 86.
– Set Network Code to 00 16.
– Set NE Code to 00 09 78 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.
Set the parameters of NE B as follows:
– Set Country Code to 00 86.
– Set Network Code to 00 16.
– Set NE Code to 00 09 78 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.
NOTE
If the default LLID is unique on a network, the default LLID can also be used.
3. Click Apply.
4. Click Close.
Step 3 Test the ATM service from NE A to NE B.

1. In the NE Explorer, select NE A and then choose Configuration > ATM OAM
2. Click the Remote Loopback Test tab, and choose the ATM service to be tested.
3. Set Loopback Point NE of the ATM service to be tested to NE B.
4. Click Test to start an LB test.
5. In normal situations, Test Result should be Test succeeded.
If the test is not successful, see Maintenance Guide and rectify the fault based on the test
result.
Step 4 Test the ATM service from NE B to NE A.

1. With reference of Step 1, set Connection Direction of NE A to Sink; set Connection
Direction of NE B to Source.
2. Select NE B from the NE Explorer. Then, choose Configuration > ATM OAM
3. Click the Remote Loopback Test tab, and choose the ATM service to be tested.
4. Set Loopback Point NE of the ATM service to be tested to NE B.
5. Click Test to start an LB test.
6. In normal situations, Test Result should be Test succeeded.
If the test is not successful, see Maintenance Guide and rectify the fault based on the test
result.
----End

7.5 Testing AM Shifts

When the AM function is enabled for some radio links on a microwave network, you can test
the AM function on typical radio links to check whether AM shifts are functional.
7.5.1 Testing AM Shifts on IFU2/IFX2 Boards

Since the IFU2/IFX2 does not support manual AM shifts, you can trigger AM shifts on the
IFU2/IFX2 only by changing the modulation mode.
Prerequisites
l The antennas have been aligned.
l The radio links must be the Integrated IP radio links for which the AM function is
enabled.
l The weather is favorable.
l If a 1+1 protection group is configured, the group is not in the switching state.

U2000
NOTE
Procedure
Step 1 Configure the Hybrid/AM attribute on the local NE.
1. Select the IF board from the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > IF
Interface from the Function Tree.
2. Click the IF Attributes tab.
3. On the local NE, set the AM attribute to Disable, and set Manually Modulation Mode
to the same value as Modulation Mode of the Guarantee AM Capacity.
4. Click Apply.
Step 2 Query the 15-minute performance value of the IF board on the local NE.
1. Select the desired IF board from the Object Tree in NE Explorer.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Performance > Current Performance.
3. In Monitored Object Filter Criteria, select All.
4. Set Monitor Period to 15-Minute.
5. In Count, select FEC Performance. In Display Options, select Display Zero Data and
Display Continuous Severely Errored Seconds.
6. Click Query.
In performance events, the value of FEC_UNCOR_BLOCK_CNT should be 0. If the
value is not 0, choose Reset on the performance register to clear the existing
performance values.

Step 3 Query the AM working status on the local NE.

3. Click Query.
Transmit-End Modulation Mode should be Manually Modulation Mode of a pre-set

value.
Step 4 Reset the performance event register.

1. Select the desired IF board from the Object Tree in NE Explorer.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Performance > Current Performance.
3. Click Reset.
The confirmation dialog box is displayed.
4. Click Yes.
5. Click Close.
Step 5 Configure the Hybrid/AM attribute to the planned values on the local NE.
3. On the local NE, set the AM attribute to Enable, and set Modulation Mode of the
Guarantee AM Capacity and Modulation Mode of the Full AM Capacity to the
planned values.
4. Click Apply.
Step 6 Repeat Step 2. Wait for a period, and query the 15-minute performance value of the IF board
on the local NE.
In performance events, the value of FEC_UNCOR_BLOCK_CNT should be 0.
Step 7 Query the AM working status on the local NE.

3. Click Query.
Transmit-End Modulation mode should be Modulation Mode of the Full AM

Capacity of a preset value.

NOTE
When adverse weather prevails, the current modulation mode may be lower than the value of
Modulation Mode of the Full AM Capacity.
----End
7.5.2 Testing AM Shifts on the ISU2/ISX2/ISV3/ISM6

For the ISU2/ISX2/ISV3/ISM6, you can trigger AM shifts by simulating corresponding MSE
values.
Prerequisites
l Antenna alignment is complete.
l The AM function is enabled for the tested radio link.
l If a 1+1 protection group is configured, the group is not in the switching state.

Web LCT
NOTE
Procedure
Step 1 Set the AM attributes.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Click the Radio Link
Configuration tab.Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer.
ChooseConfiguration > Radio Link Configuration.
2. Record Modulation Mode of the Guaranteed AM Capacity and Modulation Mode of
the Full AM Capacity in IF.
Step 2 Test one-click AM shifts.
1. Select an NE in the NE Explorer, and choose Diagnosis & Maintenance > One-Touch
Test from the Function Tree.
2. In Optional Acceptance Items, select AM switching test.
3. Select the board to be tested and the AM guaranteed-capacity modulation mode.

4. Click Start.
In Result, the step-by-step downshifting processes of Transmit-End Modulation Mode
and Receive-End Modulation Mode are displayed.
5. After Transmit-End Modulation Mode and Receive-End Modulation Mode have

shifted to the guaranteed-capacity modulation mode, click Stop.
The system outputs an AM shift test report.
----End
7.6 Testing Protection Switching

By testing protection switching, you can determine whether the protection switching is
normal over radio links.
7.6.1 Testing IF 1+1 Protection Switching

You can verify the IF 1+1 protection switching function by checking the slot of the working
board in an IF 1+1 protection group before and after the switching.
Prerequisites
l The equipment is configured with IF 1+1 protection.
l E1 services are configured.

Web LCT

NOTE
Figure 7-5 Connection diagram for testing IF 1+1 protection switching
NE A NE B
NE A and NE B are configured as follows:

l Main IF board: ISV3 in slot 3
l Standby IF board: ISV3 in slot 5
l Main ODU: ODU in slot 23
l Standby ODU: ODU in slot 25
The following procedure uses the 1+1 HSB-protected E1 services between NE A and NE B in
Figure 7-5 as an example.
NOTE
l If Working Mode of the IF 1+1 protection group is HSB, set TX Status to Mute for the main ODU
connected to NE A and set Enable Reverse Switching to Enable. A switchover occurs on NE A. If the
planned value of Enable Reverse Switching is Disable, set Enable Reverse Switching to Disable after
the test is complete.
l If Working Mode of the IF 1+1 protection group is SD, set TX Status to Mute for the ODU on the main
channel of NE A, and set Enable Reverse Switching to Enable. A switchover occurs on NE A.
l If Working Mode of the IF 1+1 protection group is FD, set TX Status to Mute for the ODU on the main
channel of NE B. A switchover occurs on NE A.
Procedure
Step 1 Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Diagnosis & Maintenance >
One-Touch Test from the Function Tree.
Step 2 In Optional Acceptance Items, select HSB switching test.
Step 3 Select the desired protection group from Available Protection Groups.

Step 4 Click Start.

After the test is complete, an HSB switching test report is displayed.
----End
7.6.2 Testing N+1 Protection Switching

You can verify whether the IF N+1 protection function works normally by checking the
working board of the IF N+1 protection group before and after the switching.
Prerequisites
l The equipment must be configured with the N+1 protection.

l U2000
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the similar to those on the U2000.
l BER tester
Figure 7-6 Configuration for testing N+1 protection switching
NE A NE B
NE A and NE B are configured as follows:

l Main IF boards: ISV3 in slot 3and ISV3 in slot 5

l Standby IF board: ISV3 in slot 4
l Main ODUs: ODU in slot 23 and ODU in slot 25
l Standby ODU: ODU in slot 24
As shown in Figure 7-6, the following procedures consider the E1 services between NE A
and NE B that are configured with the N+1 (N=2) configuration as an example.
Precautions
NOTE
If no BER tester is available on site, you can compare the values of Switching Status in Slot Mapping
Relation before and after the protection switching.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether a BER tester is available at the central site.
If... Then...
A BER tester is available on site Perform Step 2 to Step 10.
No BER tester is available on site Perform Step 5 to Step 9.
Step 2 At the central site NE A, connect one E1 port to the BER tester.
Step 3 At the remote site NE B, perform a software inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS.
5. Click Apply.
6. Click OK.
7. Click OK.
8. Click Close.
Step 4 Test the BER by using the BER tester.

The BER tester should show that no bit error occurs.
Step 5 Before the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE B.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE B, and then choose
Configuration > N+1 protection from the Function Tree.

NOTE
On the Web LCT, the steps for this operation are:

1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE B, and then choose Configuration >
Link Configuration from the Function Tree.
2. Click the N+1 Protection tab.
2. Select the ID of the protection group to be queried, and then click Query Switch Status.
3. In Slot Mapping Settings, Switching Status of the working units 3-ISV3-1 and 5-
ISV3-1 and the protection unit 4-ISV3-1 should be Normal.
NOTE
If a fault arises, you must rectify the fault and then proceed with the N+1 protection testing.
Step 6 Set TX Status to Mute for the main ODU 23-ODU of NE A.

1. Select the desired NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration >
Microwave Link Configuration from the Function Tree.
NOTE

Select the desired NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Click the Microwave Link
Configuration tab.
2. In RF, set TX Status of the ODU to mute.
3. Click Apply.
Step 7 Check service availability after the switching.
If... Then...
A BER tester is available on site Check the test result on the BER tester. It should
show that the services are restored after a
transient interruption.
No BER tester is available on site, and See 7.2.2 Testing E1 Services Using PRBS to
the E1 services are transmitted on the test availability of the E1 services.
radio link.
No BER tester is available on site, and See 7.3.1 Testing Ethernet Services Configured
the Ethernet services are transmitted on a Per-NE Basis to test availability of the
on the radio link. Ethernet service.
Step 8 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE B.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE B, and then choose
Configuration > N+1 protection from the Function Tree.
NOTE

1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE B, and then choose Configuration >
Link Configuration from the Function Tree.
2. Click the N+1 Protection tab.

2. Select the ID of the protection group to be queried, and then click Query Switch Status.
3. In Slot Mapping Relation, the Switching Status of the working unit 3-ISV3-1 for the
service that is configured with the N+1 protection should be SF.
Step 9 Set TX Status to Unmute for the main ODU 23-ODU of NE A.

NOTE

Configuration tab.
2. In RF, set TX Status of the ODU to unmute.
3. Click Apply.
Step 10 Release the loopback set in Step 3.
5. Click Apply.
6. Click OK.
7. Click OK.
8. Click Close.
----End
7.6.3 Testing SNCP Switching

You can verify whether SNCP works normally by checking the working port of the SNCP
protection group before and after the switching.
Prerequisites
l The equipment is configured with the SNCP.

l U2000
NOTE

l BER tester

As shown in Figure 7-7, the following procedures consider the E1 services between NE A
and NE C that are configured with SNCP as an example. Figure 7-7 shows a network
composed of radio links, and the test procedures are similar in the case of a network
composed of optical fiber links.
Figure 7-7 Configuration for testing SNCP switching

NE A
Working
East West SNC
Protecting SNC
East
West
NE D
NE B
West
East
West East
NE C
NE A and NE C are configured as follows:

l West IF board: ISV3 in slot 3
l East IF board: ISV3 in slot 4
l West ODU: ODU in slot 23
l East ODU: ODU in slot 24
Precautions
NOTE
If no BER tester is available on site, you can compare the values of Active Channel in Working Service
before and after the protection switching.
Procedure

If... Then...
A BER tester is available on site Perform Step 2 through Step 10.
No BER tester is available on site Perform Step 5 through Step 9.
Step 3 At the remote site NE C, perform a software inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS.
Step 4 Test the BER by using the BER tester.

The BER tester should show that no bit errors occur.
Step 5 Before the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE C.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE C, and choose
Configuration > SNCP Service Control from the Function Tree.
2. In Working Service, select an SNCP service that is already created, then click Function,
and finally select Query Switching Status.
NOTE

In Working Cross-Connections, select an SNCP service that is already created, then click Function,
and finally select Query Switching Status.
3. The current SNCP status of the equipment is displayed in Working Service and
Protection Service.
NOTE

The current SNCP status of the equipment is displayed in Working Cross-Connections and Protection
Cross-Connections.

In Current Status, Normal should be displayed. In Active Channel, Working Channel

should be displayed.
Step 6 Set TX Status to Mute for the west ODU 23-ODU of NE A.

NOTE

Configuration tab.
3. Click Apply.
If... Then...
A BER tester is available on site Check the test result on the BER tester. It should
show that the services are restored after a transient
interruption.
No BER tester is available on site, See 7.2.2 Testing E1 Services Using PRBS to test
and the E1 services are transmitted availability of the E1 services.
on the radio link.
Step 8 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE C.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE C, and choose
Configuration > SNCP Service Control from the Function Tree.
2. Click Function, and then select Query Switching Status.
3. The current SNCP status of the equipment is displayed in Working Service and
Protection Service.
NOTE

The current SNCP status of the equipment is displayed in Working Cross-Connections and Protection
Cross-Connections.
In Current Status, the service switching mode is displayed. In Active Channel,
Protection Channel should be displayed.

Step 9 Set TX Status to Unmute for the west ODU 23-ODU of NE A.

NOTE

Configuration tab.
3. Click Apply.
Step 10 Release the loopback set in Step 3. Set Tributary Loopback to Non-Loopback.
----End
7.6.4 Testing ERPS Switching

You can verify whether the ERPS function is in the normal state by checking the port status of
the ERPS protection group before and after the switching.
Prerequisites
l The equipment is configured with ERPS.
l The network cable for carrying the working and protection Ethernet services of ERPS is
properly connected.

U2000
NOTE

As shown in Figure 7-8, the following procedures use the Ethernet services that are
configured with ERPS between NE A and NE D as an example. The RPL owner node is NE
D.

Figure 7-8 Configuration for testing ERPS
East West
NE B
Protection channel East
West
NE A NE D
East
West
Working channel
NE C
West
East
NE A, NE B, NE C, and NE D are configured as follows:

l West IF board: ISV3 in slot 3
l East IF board: ISV3 in slot 4
l West ODU: ODU in slot 23
l East ODU: ODU in slot 24
NOTE
For a multi-ring network configured with ERPS V2, test ERPS on major rings and ERPS on sub-rings by
referring to this example. ERPS on a major ring affects only the status of the ports on the major ring, and
ERPS on a sub-ring affects only the status of the ports on the sub-ring.
Procedure
Step 1 Before the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE D.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE D, and choose
Configuration > Ethernet Protection > ERPS Management from the Function Tree.
2. Select the ERPS protection group to be queried, and click Query.
3. The value of State Machine Status should be Idle.

Step 2 Refer to 7.3 Testing Connectivity of Ethernet Services to test availability of the Ethernet
services.
Step 3 Set TX Status to Mute for the west ODU 23-ODU of NE A.

NOTE

Configuration tab.
3. Click Apply.
Step 4 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE D.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE D, and choose
Configuration > Ethernet Protection > ERPS Management from the Function Tree.
2. Select the ERPS protection group to be queried, and click Query.
3. The value of State Machine Status should be Protection.
Step 5 Refer to 7.3 Testing Connectivity of Ethernet Services to test availability of the Ethernet
services.
Step 6 Set TX Status to Unmute for the west ODU 23-ODU of NE A.

NOTE

Configuration tab.
3. Click Apply.
----End
7.6.5 Testing MPLS APS Protection Switching

By checking the change in the status of MPLS tunnels before and after the MPLS APS
switching, you can verify whether the MPLS APS protection function is normal.
Prerequisites
l The MPLS tunnel protection group must be created properly.

U2000

NOTE
1:1 protection
In normal situations, services are transmitted in the working tunnel. That is, services are
transmitted and received in a different tunnel respectively. When the working tunnel is faulty,
the equipment at the transmit end transmits services through the protection tunnel, and the
equipment at the receive end receive services through the protection tunnel after a negotiation
through the APS protocol. Therefore, service switching is realized.

Figure 7-9 shows the connection diagram for testing MPLS APS protection switching. NE A
and NE B are the OptiX RTN 950 NEs.
Figure 7-9 Connection diagram for testing the MPLS APS protection
Working Tunnel
NE A NE B
Protection Tunnel
Procedure
Step 1 Query the switching status of the current MPLS tunnel 1:1 protection group on NE A and NE
B.
1. In the NE Explorer, select NE A and then choose Configuration > APS Protection
2. Click the Tunnel APS Management tab, right-click the tested protection group, and
then choose Query Switching Status from the shortcut menu, to check the MPLS
protection group configured on the NE.

3. Choose the protection group for switching, and check its switching status. In normal
situations, the switching status should be Normal, and Tunnel Status for both the
working and protection tunnels should be Available.
NOTE
If Tunnel Status for the working or protection tunnel is not Available, rectify tunnel-related faults.
Step 2 Switch the services to the protection tunnel manually and forcedly.
2. Click the Tunnel APS Management tab and choose the protection group for switching.
3. Right-click the tested protection group, and then choose Forced Switching from the
shortcut menu.
4. Click OK.
5. Click Close.
Step 3 Query the switching status of the MPLS 1:1 protection groups on NE A and NE B after the
switching.

3. Right-click the tested protection group and then choose Query Switching Status from
the shortcut menu, to check Switching Status of the tunnel protection group.
In normal situations, the switching status should be Forced Switching.
4. Query Active Tunnel of the tunnel protection group.
In normal situation, Working should be Standby, and Protection should be Active.
NOTE
l If Forced Switching is performed at the previous step, the state of the protection group should be
Forced Switching.
l If Manual Switching to Protection is performed at the previous step, the state of the protection
group should be Manual (Working to Protection) Switching.
Step 4 Restore the services on NE A and NE B to the working tunnel.

3. Right-click the tested protection group and then choose Clear from the shortcut menu.
4. Click OK.
5. Click Close.
6. Click Query.
Services is restored to the working tunnel.
----End
7.6.6 Testing Linear MSP Switching

You can verify whether the linear MSP group works normally by checking the working port
of the linear MSP group before and after the switching.
Prerequisites
l The equipment must be configured with linear MSP.
l The working and protection optical fibers of the linear MSP are connected properly.


l U2000
NOTE
l BER tester

Figure 7-10 shows linear MSP composed of the OptiX RTN equipment through the
connection of optical fibers. The following procedures consider the E1 services from NE A to
NE B as an example.
Figure 7-10 Configuration for testing linear MSP switching
NE A Working channel NE B
Protection channel
Precautions
NOTE
l If no BER tester is available on site, you can compare the values of West Switching Status in Slot
Mapping Relation before and after the protection switching.
l The methods of testing linear MSP switching for channelized STM-1s are similar, except that the
navigation path is Configuration > Packet-based linear MS.
Procedure
If... Then...
A BER tester is available on site Perform Step 2 to Step 10.
No BER tester is available on site Perform Step 5 to Step 9.
Step 3 At the remote site NE B, perform a software inloop at the corresponding E1 port by using the
NMS.

5. Click Apply.
6. Click OK.
7. Click OK.
8. Click Close.
Step 4 Test the BER by using the BER tester. The BER tester should show that no bit errors occur.
If bit errors occur, see the Maintenance Guide for handling the bit errors.
Step 5 Before the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose
Configuration > Linear MS from the Function Tree.
2. In Slot Mapping Relation, select Working Unit.
3. Click Query, and then select Query Switching Status.
In Slot Mapping Relation, the value of West Switching Status should be Idle.
NOTE
In the case of the working and protection units of the services that are configured with the linear MSP,
the values of West Switching Status should be Idle. If a fault arises, you must rectify the fault and
proceed with the linear MSP switching testing.
Step 6 Shut down the laser for the working unit on NE A.

1. Select the required optical interface board from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of
NE A.
2. Choose Configuration > SDH Interface from the Function Tree.
3. Select By Function and then select Laser Switch from the drop-down list.
4. Select the laser port that corresponds to the working unit, and then set Laser Switch to
Close.
5. Click Apply.
6. Click OK.
7. Click OK.
8. Click Close.

If... Then...
The BER tester is available on site Check the test result on the BER tester. It should
show that the services are restored after a transient
interruption.
No BER tester is available on site, See 7.2.2 Testing E1 Services Using PRBS to
and the E1 services are transmitted test availability of the E1 services.
on the optical fiber link.
Step 8 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose
Configuration > Linear MS from the Function Tree.
2. In Slot Mapping Relation, select Working Unit.
3. Click Query, and then select Query Switching Status.
In Slot Mapping Relation, the value of West Switching Status should be Switch upon
signal failure.
NOTE
In the case of the 1+1 linear MSP, Revertive Mode can be set to Revertive or Non-Revertive. In the
case of the 1:N linear MSP, Revertive Mode is always set to Revertive.
– After the automatic switching occurs on the equipment, the services are restored. If Revertive
Mode is set to Revertive for the linear MSP, the change in values of West Switching Status and
Protected Unit can be queried after the WTR time expires.
– After the automatic switching occurs on the equipment, the services are restored. If Revertive
Mode is set to Non-Revertive for the linear MSP, stop and then start the MSP protocol to restore
the value of West Switching Status to Idle.
Step 9 Turn on the laser for the working unit on NE A.

1. Select the required optical interface board from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of
NE A.
2. Choose Configuration > SDH Interface from the Function Tree.
3. Select By Function and then select Laser Switch from the drop-down list.
4. Select the laser port that corresponds to the working unit, and then set Laser Switch to
Open.
5. Click Apply.
6. Click OK.
7. Click OK.
8. Click Close.
Step 10 Release the loopback set in Step 3.



5. Click Apply.
6. Click OK.
7. Click OK.
8. Click Close.
----End
7.6.7 Testing Switching of the Integrated System Control and

Communication, Switching, and Timing Board
By checking the change in the current working board before and after the switching of the
integrated system control and communication, switching, and timing board, you can verify
whether the 1+1 hot backup for the integrated system control and communication, switching,
and timing board is normal.
Prerequisites
l The equipment must be powered on.
l The services must be configured.

l U2000
NOTE
l BER tester
Procedure
Step 1 Check the alarm status of the main and standby integrated system control and communication,
switching, and timing boards before switching.
1. Select the NE On the Main Topology and right-click. In the shortcut menu, choose the
Browse Current Alarms.
NOTE
1. In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree, and then click the icon on the toolbar.
2. Click the Browse Current Alarms tab.
2. Record current alarms.
Both the main and standby system control, switching, and timing boards should have no
equipment alarms.

NOTE
If the integrated system control and communication, switching, and timing board has an abnormal alarm,
see the Maintenance Guide to rectify the alarm.
Step 2 Test availability of various services before switching.
If... Then...
The E1 service is configured See 7.2.2 Testing E1 Services Using PRBS to test
availability of the E1 service.
The Ethernet service is See 7.3 Testing Connectivity of Ethernet Services to test
configured ethernet service availability.
The ATM service is See 7.4 Testing ATM Services to test availability of the
configured ATM service.
Step 3 Check the working status of the main and standby integrated system control and
communication, switching, and timing boards before switching.
1. In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and then choose Configuration
> Board 1+1 Protection from the Function Tree.
2. Click Query.
NOTE

Click the Board 1+1 Protection tab, and then click Query.
In normal situations, displayed Active Board is the working board 7–CSH.
Step 4 Switch the active/standby status of the integrated system control and communication,
switching, and timing board.
2. Click Working/Protection Switching.
3. Click OK.
NOTE
After switching, the NE get online after a few minutes.
communication, switching, and timing boards after switching.
2. Click Query.
NOTE

In normal situations, displayed Active Board is the protection board 8–CSH.

Step 6 After the switching, check the alarm status of the main and standby system control, switching,
and timing boards.
1. In Main Topology, right-click the desired and choose Browse Current Alarms from the
short-cut menu.
NOTE
1. In the NE Explorer, select the desired NE from the Object Tree and click on the toolbar.
2. Click the Browse Current Alarms tab.
2. Record current alarms.
Both the main and standby system control, switching, and timing boards should have no new
alarms.
NOTE
If the main or standby system control, switching, and timing board has abnormal alarms. Follow
instruction in the Maintenance Guide to handle the alarms.
Step 7 Test the availabilities of various services after switching.
If... Then...
The E1 service is See 7.2.2 Testing E1 Services Using PRBS to test the
configured availability of the E1 service.
The Ethernet service is See 7.3 Testing Connectivity of Ethernet Services to test
configured ethernet service availability.
The ATM service is See 7.4 Testing ATM Services to test the availability of the
Step 8 Restore the active/standby switching performed in Step 4.

2. Click Restore Working/Protection.
3. Click Yes.
communication, switching, and timing boards after switching restoration.
2. Click Query.
NOTE

In normal situations, displayed Active Board is the working board 7–CSH.
Step 10 Test the availabilities of various services after switching restoration.

If... Then...
The E1 service is See 7.2.2 Testing E1 Services Using PRBS to test the
configured availability of the E1 service.
The Ethernet service is See 7.3.1 Testing Ethernet Services Configured on a Per-
configured NE Basis to test the availability of the Ethernet service.
The ATM service is See 7.4 Testing ATM Services to test the availability of the
----End
7.7 Checking the Clock Status

Check the clock status for each NE to ensure that the clocks of all the NEs on a radio network
are synchronized.
Prerequisites
The clock configuration is complete. The link that transmits clocks is in the normal state.

U2000
NOTE
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > Clock >
Physical Clock > Clock Synchronization Status from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click Query.
NOTE
l If the clock of an NE is selected as the working clock of the radio network, this clock should be in
Free-Run Mode and the clocks of the other NEs should be in Normal Mode.
l If a service clock or an external clock is selected as the working clock of the radio network, the
clocks of all the NEs should be in Normal Mode.
Step 3 Repeat Step 1 through Step 2 to check the working modes of the other NEs on the radio
network.
----End
7.8 Testing the FM over a Radio Link

The fade margin (FM) over a radio link can be evaluated by measuring the mean square errors
(MSEs) at different received signal levels (RSLs).

Prerequisites
l The antennas must be aligned, and the RSLs at both ends of the radio link and the cross-
polarization discrimination (XPD) must meet the requirements.
The principle of the FM test is as follows:
l Test the corresponding relations between RSLs and MSEs at multiple sites.
l Calculate the RSL corresponding to the demodulation threshold of the MSE, that is, the
receiver sensitivity of the site.
l The current RSL minus the receiver sensitivity is the FM.

U2000
NOTE
Precautions
1. When the FM is tested, all the services carried on the radio link maybe interrupted.
2. For a radio link with 1+1 protection, it is recommended that you lock the protection path
before testing the main radio link and that you switch the signal to the standby path
forcedly before you test the standby radio link. The main and standby radio paths are
tested synchronously. Therefore, the FMs of the working and protection boards are
reported at the same time.
3. For an XPIC radio link, the paths in polarization direction V and polarization direction H
are tested synchronously. Therefore, the FMs of the working and protection boards are
reported at the same time.
Procedure
Step 1 Optional: Lock the protection channel if the radio link between two sites is under 1+1
protection.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > IF
1+1 Protection from the Function Tree.
NOTE

1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > Link
2. Click the IF 1+1 Protection tab.
2. In Slot Mapping Relation, select the working unit or protection unit. Then, right-click
the selected unit.
3. Choose Protection Lockout from the shortcut menu.
4. In the displayed dialog box, click OK.
5. Click OK again to close the dialog box.

Step 2 Disable the ATPC function on the radio link between two sites.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Radio
Link Configuration.
NOTE

Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Click the Radio Link Configuration tab.
2. In RF, deselect ATPC.
3. Click Apply.
Step 3 Optional: If E1 Priority is enabled for the E1 services between two sites, delete low-priority
E1 services.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration >
SDH Service Configuration from the Function Tree.
NOTE

Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > Cross-Connection
2. Select the services, and right-click Delete.
A confirmation dialog box is displayed to prompt you whether to delete the selected
services.
3. Click OK.
Step 4 Disable the AM function and E1 priority function on the radio link between two sites.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Radio
Link Configuration.
NOTE

2. In IF, deselect AM, and set Modulation Mode to the Modulation Mode of the Full
AM Capacity.

NOTE
Deselect AM to disable the AM function for the radio link. After the AM function is disabled, the
system automatically disables the E1 priority function.
3. Click Apply.
Step 5 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Diagnosis&Maintenance
> Fade Margin.
Step 6 Select the IF board corresponding to the radio link that needs to be tested.
The Result dialog box displays the query result.
Step 7 In Direction, select Remote To Local.
Step 8 Click Start.

The Result dialog box displays that the test is successful.

Step 9 Repeat Step 7 and Step 8. In Direction, select Local To Remote.

The Result dialog box displays that the test is successful.
Step 10 Restore the ATPC function on the radio link between two sites.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. ChooseConfiguration > Radio
Link Configuration.
NOTE

2. In RF, select ATPC.

3. Click Apply.
Step 11 Restore the AM function and E1 priority on the radio link between two sites.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. ChooseConfiguration > Radio
Link Configuration.
NOTE

2. In IF, select AM, and set Modulation Mode of the Guaranteed AM Capacity and
Modulation Mode of the Full AM Capacity to their original values.
3. In IF, set Enable E1 Priority to Enable and set Full E1 Capacity to its original value.
4. Click Apply.
Step 12 Optional: Reconfigure the E1 services that were deleted in Step 3.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration >
SDH Service Configuration from the Function Tree.
NOTE

Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > Cross-Connection
2. Click New.
The Create SDH Service dialog box is displayed.
3. Reconfigure all deleted E1 services, and click OK.
Step 13 Optional: Cancel the protection lockout for the 1+1 protection on the radio link.

1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > IF
1+1 Protection from the Function Tree.
NOTE

1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > Link
2. Click the IF 1+1 Protection tab.
2. In Slot Mapping Relation, select the working unit or protection unit. Then, right-click
the selected unit.
3. Choose Clear from the shortcut menu.
----End
7.9 Testing E1 Service Performance

You can check whether the equipment can transmit E1 services stably for a long term by
testing 24-hour BER.
Prerequisites
l The antennas must be aligned.
l The E1 service must be configured.

l U2000
NOTE
l BER tester
l E1 jumper
Precautions
l If 24-hour BER cannot be tested for each hop of link because of restrictions of the actual
situation, perform the test for the E1 services at the first node and the last node. Through
this method, you can ensure that the test path cover all the radio links.
l The following test procedure uses the E1 services between NEs as an example.

NOTE
l It is recommended that you test low-priority Ethernet services in good weather conditions, where the AM
l The tested E1 services can be Native E1 services or CES E1 services.
l To test CES services in CESoPSN mode, a BER tester supporting Nx64 kbit/s timeslot setting is
necessary.
l To test CES services in CESoPSN mode, test the E1 services one by one if the number of timeslots of the
services is different from each other. Do not test the services in a serial manner.
l Before a test, disable the automatic loopback release function on the optical/electrical ports at the remote
site by performing the following steps on the U2000:
1. Choose Configuration > NE Batch Configuration > Automatic Disabling of NE Function from
the Main Menu. The Automatic Disabling of NE Function window is displayed.
2. Select the required NEs in the Object Tree on the left side of the Automatic Disabling of NE
Function window. Then, click . The Automatic Disabling of NE Function window lists the
selected NEs.
3. For SDH Optical/Electrical Interface Loopback, set Auto Disabling to Disabled.
4. Click Apply.
1. Select NEs in the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Then, choose Configuration > Automatic
Disabling of NE Function in the Function Tree.
2. Click the Automatic Disabling of NE Function tab.
3. For SDH Optical/Electrical Interface Loopback, set Auto Disabling to Disabled.
4. Click Apply.
Procedure
Step 1 At the central site, extract several typical E1 services on the equipment and then connect them
to the DDF in a serial manner. After that, input these services into the BER tester.
DDF
RX TX
1
2
RX TX
3
. 4
..
.
BER tester
Step 2 On the equipment at the remote site, perform a software inloop at the E1 port by using the
NMS.
5. Click Apply.

6. Click OK.
7. Click OK.
8. Click Close.
Step 3 Perform the 24-hour BER test by using the BER tester.
Step 4 Record the test result, which should meet the design requirements.
Step 5 Release the loopback and serial connection.
5. Click Apply.
6. Click OK.
7. Click OK.
8. Click Close.
----End
Follow-up Procedure
l If the first 24-hour BER test does not meet the specified requirement, find out the cause
and rectify the fault. Perform another 24-hour BER test until the test is passed.
l If the BER exceeds the nominal value in the test for a serial connection, locate the fault
by using the dichotomizing search or other methods until each channel passes the 24-
hour BER test independently.
7.10 Testing Ethernet Service Performance

The NE-inherent test functions can test Ethernet service performance.
7.10.1 Testing Ethernet Service Performance (Based on RFC 2544)

This section describes how to use RFC 2544-compliant functions to test the packet loss ratio,
delay, and throughput for Ethernet services.
Prerequisites
l Ethernet services have been configured.

U2000

NOTICE
l Performance tests for E-Line services, E-LAN services, and a mixture of E-Line and E-
LAN services are supported.
l OptiX RTN 950 supports this function only when housing CSHU/CSHUA boards.
l During the test, do not modify any configuration.
l The ports at the ends of the Ethernet service to be tested must be Ethernet ports.
l During the test, only the tested Ethernet services at the tested port are interrupted in
normal cases.
l Large test traffic may affect other services and even cause packet loss of other services.
l An NE cannot function as an initiator and a reflector at the same time.

The test procedure takes the Ethernet service between NE A (PORT1) and NE B (PORT2), as
shown in Figure 7-11, as an example. Ethernet services on NE A and NE B are E-LAN.
NOTE
In an RFC 2544-compliant test on E-LAN services, the test initiator sends test packets or delay packets at a
specific traffic volume. The reflector end returns the packets based on the specific filter criteria (for example,
by VLAN and MAC address). The initiator end computes the network performance based on the number of
locally transmitted and received packets or timestamp information about delay packets.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Service > Instrument-Free Measurement > Perform RFC 2544 Test from the main
menu.
The Create Test Instance dialog box is displayed.

Step 2 Select General. Click Display Advanced Parameters in the right pane and configure general
test information.
Parameter description:
1. Throughput test
– Test Rate (Mbit/s): Indicates the upper threshold for the test packet transmission
rate. Its value range is 1 Mbit/s to 10000 Mbit/s.
NOTE
n After the transmission rate upper threshold is specified (lower threshold is fixed to 1 kbit/s),
the NE performs a test with the upper threshold and the lower thresholds respectively. The NE
checks for packet loss during the tests at the upper threshold and lower threshold rates, and
uses a dichotomy to calculate a new transmission rate based on the packet loss condition. It
will repeat this procedure until calculating out a transmission rate that can be used as the
throughout and best meet requirements for the bandwidth and the packet loss ratio.
n If a specified test rate is lower than the actual bandwidth, the throughput in the test result is
equal to the specified test rate. Therefore, it is advisable to set the test rate to a value higher
than the actual physical bandwidth.
n If the specified test rate is lower than the port rate:
○ When the UNI is not configured in a LAG, ensure that the test rate is equal to or lower
than the port physical bandwidth (depending on the GE/GE port type; 1 Gbit/s for an IF
port).
○ When the UNI is configured in a LAG, ensure than the test rate is equal to or lower than
the total sum (equal to or smaller than 1 Gbit/s) of LAG members' physical bandwidths.
– Test Duration (s): Indicates the maximum test duration for a specific packet length.
Its value range is 10s to 172800s.
NOTE
n The test duration must be longer than two times of the test interval.
n If the throughput is calculated out within a test duration, the test for the specific packet length
ends. If the throughput fails to be calculated out within a test duration, the test for the specific
packet length fails and a timeout error is returned.
– Packet Loss Ratio: Indicates the allowed packet loss ratio. After performing a test
at a specified rate, the NE checks whether packet loss occurs according to this
parameter value.

– Test Precision (kbit/s): Indicates the throughput test precision. The higher the
precision, the longer the test duration.
– Packet Transmission Interval (s): Indicates the packet transmission duration in a
throughput test. The value ranges from 1s to 60s.
NOTE
This parameter setting is related to the test duration. The longer the packet transmission duration,
the longer the total test duration. It is advisable to set it to its maximum value 60s.
2. Packet loss ratio test
– Test Rate: Indicates the upper threshold for the test packet transmission rate. Its
value range is 1 Mbit/s to 10000 Mbit/s.
– Test Duration: Indicates the maximum test duration for a specific packet length. Its
value range is 10s to 172800s.
3. Delay test
– Test Rate: Indicates the upper threshold for the test packet transmission rate. Its
value range is 1 Mbit/s to 10000 Mbit/s.
– Test Duration: Indicates the maximum test duration for a specific packet length. Its
value range is 10s to 172800s.
NOTE
The test duration must be longer than two times of the test interval.
– Packet Transmission Interval: Indicates the delay packet transmission interval in
a delay test.
4. Packet Size (bytes): One to seven packet lengths can be set; that is, delay tests can be
performed for a maximum of seven packet lengths at the same time.
Step 3 Select Initiator and configure the initiator information in the right pane.
l ININF: Indicates the initiator UNI test port.

l Destination MAC Address: Indicates the destination MAC address carried in packets
initiated by the NE. The reflector end reflects packets according to the destination MAC

address. The MAC address configuration at the initiator end must be consistent with that
at the reflector end.
l For an L2 service, Destination MAC Address needs to be set and Destination IP
Address does not need to be set. In addition, MAC addresses must be unicast MAC
addresses.
l VLAN ID: Indicates the VLAN ID of the E-LAN service.
l 802.1p Priority: Indicates the VLAN priority carried by packets initiated by the NE.
Step 4 Select Reflector and configure the reflector information in the right pane.
l ININF: Indicates the reflector UNI test port.

l Reflector MAC Address: Indicates the MAC address based on which the reflector
reflects packets. The MAC address configuration at the initiator end must be consistent
with that at the reflector end.
l For an L2 service, Destination MAC Address needs to be set and Destination IP
Address does not need to be set. In addition, MAC addresses must be unicast MAC
addresses.
l VLAN ID: Indicates the VLAN ID of the E-LAN service.
Step 5 After setting required parameters, click OK.
Step 6 Click Start.
Step 7 After the test is complete, click Export Report to export the test reports.
----End
7.10.2 Testing E-Line Service Performance (Based on OAM)

This section describes how to test the latency, throughput, and packet loss ratio of VLAN-
based E-Line services with different frame lengths.

Prerequisites
l The NEs at both ends of Ethernet services have been configured with VLAN-based E-
Line services, that is, PORT+CVLAN<->PORT+CVLAN E-Line services or PORT
+CVLAN<->PW E-Line services. In addition, the types of the E-Line services at both
ends are the same.

U2000
NOTE
NOTICE
l The ports at the ends of the Ethernet service to be tested must be Ethernet ports. During
the test, the other Ethernet services on the related ports are interrupted.
l If the tested service is configured with QoS, OAM, LAG or any data transmission
protocol, the precision of test results may be affected. To ensure the precision of test
results, it is recommended you delete the above configurations.
l A test cannot be performed on a service port enabled with inband DCN. You need to
manually disable inband DCN.
l If the tested service also transmits other services, the precision of test results may be
affected. To ensure the precision of test results, it is recommended you disconnect the port
from the other services.
l A maximum of seven microwave link hops can be tested at the same time.
l If the LM/DM test of Ethernet service OAM or MPLS-TP PW OAM cannot be performed
for a service, this latency, throughput, and packet loss ratio test cannot be performed for
this service, either. You need to rectify the OAM resource conflict.

shown in Figure 7-12, as an example. Ethernet services on NE A and NE B are VLAN-based
E-Line.

NE A NE B
PORT 1 PORT 2
NodeB VLAN ID=100 VLAN ID=100

Microwave network
RNC
The Ethernet service between NE A and NE B has the VLAN ID of 100.
Procedure
Step 1 Optional: Disable inband DCN on the service ports to be tested.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Communication >
DCN Management from the Function Tree.
2. Click the Port Settings tab.
3. Select FE/GE, configure the port parameters for the inband DCN function.
4. Click Apply.
Step 2 Modify the Tag attribute of the Ethernet service between NE A and NE B.
1. In the NE Explorer, select the desired NE from the Object Tree and choose
Configuration > Interface Management > Ethernet Interface from the Function Tree.
2. Click the Layer 2 Attributes tab.
3. Set Tag to Access. Set Default VLAN ID to the VLAN ID of the tested E-Line service.
In this example, set Default VLAN ID to 100.
4. Click Apply.
Step 3 Set NE B as the sink node for the test.
1. In the NE Explorer, select NE B from the Object Tree and choose
Diagnosis&Maintenance > Data Service Performance Test from the Function Tree.
2. Select the Ethernet service to be tested, enter Test Name, and set Test As to Sink.
3. In this example, port 2 is on the sink node and therefore Sink Status should be set to
Enabled.
NOTE
If port 2 is on the source node, Source Status should be set to Enabled.
4. Click Apply.
Step 4 Set NE A as the source node for the test. Then start the test.

1. In the NE Explorer, select NE A from the Object Tree and choose

2. Select the Ethernet service to be tested, enter Test Name as that on NE B, set Test As to
Source.
3. In this example, port 1 is on the source node and therefore Source Status should be set
to Enabled.
NOTE
– If port 1 is on the sink node, Sink Status should be set to Enabled.

– A maximum of five Ethernet services can be tested one time. Therefore, Source Status and Sink
Status should be set to Disabled for the other Ethernet services.
4. Click Apply.
5. Click Start.
NOTE
The test can be started on only the source node (NE A).
6. Click OK.
The system starts the test and displays the test progress and test result.
NOTE
The system tests the following parameters:
– Throughput, Latency, Packet Loss Radio when Frame Length(Bytes) is 64, 128, 256, 512,
1024, 1280, and 1518
– Latency and Packet Loss Radio when Throughput Percentage(%) is 80, 90, and 100
7. Optional: After the progress bar indicates that the test is 100% complete, click Export
Report.
Data Service Performance Test Report is displayed.

NOTE
– Compared with a tool-based test, this test may have an error rate in its results. When the service
bandwidth is lower than 70 Mbit/s, the packet loss rate has an error rate lower than 1%. When the
service bandwidth is 70 Mbit/s or higher, the packet loss rate has an error rate lower than 0.2%. If
the packet loss rate is higher than 0 and the error rate is lower than the threshold for the specific
bandwidth, perform more tests. If all tests encounter light packet loss and the packet loss rate of
long-frame services is higher than that of short-frame services, you can conclude that no service
packets are lost.
– Compared with the throughput in practice, the throughput in test results of long-frame services has
an error rate lower than 5%.
Step 5 After the progress bar indicates that the test is 100% complete, set Source Status and Sink
Status to Disabled for the related ports (port 1 of NE A and port 2 of NE B in this example).
----End
7.10.3 Testing the Long-term Packet Loss Ratio

This section describes how to test the long-term packet loss ratio when a VLAN-based E-Line
service uses different frame lengths.
Prerequisites
l The Ethernet service to be tested must be an E-Line service between two NEs that adopt
traffic classification based on VLAN tags, or a PORT+VLAN<->PORT+VLAN E-Line
service.

U2000
NOTE
NOTICE
l The ports at the ends of the Ethernet service to be tested must be Ethernet ports. During
the test, the other Ethernet services on the related ports are interrupted.
l If the tested service is configured with QoS, OAM, LAG, inband DCN or any data
transmission protocol, the precision of test results may be affected. To ensure the precision
of test results, it is recommended you delete the above configurations.
l If the enabled source port of the tested service also transmits other services, the precision
of test results may be affected. To ensure the precision of test results, it is recommended
you disconnect the port from the other services.


shown in Figure 7-13, as an example.
NE A NE B
PORT 1 PORT 2
NodeB VLAN ID=100 VLAN ID=100

Microwave network
RNC
The Ethernet service between NE A and NE B has the VLAN ID of 100.
Procedure
Step 1 Modify the Tag attribute of the Ethernet service between NE A and NE B.
1. In the NE Explorer, select the desired NE from the Object Tree and choose
Configuration > Interface Management > Ethernet Interface from the Function Tree.
2. Click the Layer 2 Attributes tab.
3. Set Tag to Access. Set Default VLAN ID to the VLAN ID of the tested E-Line service.
In this example, set Default VLAN ID to 100.
4. Click Apply.
Step 2 Set NE B as the sink node for the test.
1. In the NE Explorer, select NE B from the Object Tree and choose
2. Select the Ethernet service to be tested, enter Test Name, and set Test As to Sink.
3. In this example, port 2 is on the sink node and therefore Sink Status should be set to
Enabled.
NOTE
If port 2 is on the source node, Source Status should be set to Enabled.
4. Click Apply.
Step 3 Set NE A as the source node for the test. Then start the test.
1. In the NE Explorer, select NE A from the Object Tree and choose
2. Select the Ethernet service to be tested, enter Test Name as that on NE B, set Test As to
Source.
3. In this example, port 1 is on the source node and therefore Source Status should be set
to Enabled.

NOTE
– If port 1 is on the sink node, Sink Status should be set to Enabled.

– A maximum of five Ethernet services can be tested one time. Therefore, Source Status and Sink
Status should be set to Disabled for the other Ethernet services.
4. Click the Long-term Packet Loss Radio tab.
5. Set test parameters.
– Set Frame Length(Bytes) to 64.

– Set Throughput Percentage(%) to 80.
NOTE
To test the long-term packet loss ratio when the throughput percentage is 90%, set Throughput
Percentage(%) to 90. To test the long-term packet loss ratio at a specific traffic volume, configure a
flow whose C-VLAN ID is 100 in the port policy for PORT1, configure the specific CAR for the flow,
and set Throughput Percentage(%) to 100.
6. Click Start Long-term Test.
The system starts the test and displays the test progress and test result.
NOTE
– Only the source NE A can initiate the test, and the sink NE B can not initiate the test.
– After the test time lasts for 24 hours (commonly used test time), click Stop Long-term Test and
check the test result.
7. After the progress bar indicates that the test is 100% complete, click Export Report.
Data Service Performance Test Report is displayed.
NOTE
Tests may have an error rate in the results. When the number of received packets is different from the
number of transmitted packets and the error rate is within one millionth, you can conclude that no
service packets are lost.
Step 4 Repeat Step 3.5 to Step 3.7 to test the long-term packet loss ratio when Frame
Length(Bytes) is 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, and 1518.
Step 5 After the progress bar indicates that the test is 100% complete, set Source Status and Sink
Status to Disabled for the related ports (port 1 of NE A and port 2 of NE B in this example).
----End

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System 8 Site Commissioning Data Script Generation Using the
Commissioning Guide Offline Configuration Function
8 Site Commissioning Data Script

Generation Using the Offline Configuration
Function
About This Chapter
The offline configuration function provided by the U2000 generates site commissioning data
scripts when no real NE is available.
8.1 Creating a Pre-configured NE

This section describes how to create a pre-configured NE, which is required for the offline
configuration of site commissioning data.
8.2 Configuring Site Commissioning Data
This section describes how to configure site commissioning data in offline mode for a pre-
configured NE. The configuration is the same as that for a real NE.
8.3 Generating a Commissioning Data Script
This section describes how to generate a commissioning data script using configured site
commissioning data.

8.1 Creating a Pre-configured NE

This section describes how to create a pre-configured NE, which is required for the offline
configuration of site commissioning data.
Prerequisites

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Right-click in a blank area of the Main Topology, and choose New > NE from the shortcut
menu.
NOTE
If a pre-configured NE to be created has been planned in a subnet, create the NE in the subnet view.
Step 2 In the displayed Create NE dialog box, select the desired NE type and set basic NE attributes
according to the network plan.

NOTE
l The default NE user name is root, and the default password is Changeme_123.
l Select Yes for Configured Offline.
l Set NE Software Version according to the SCC board software version of the target NE. The offline
configuration function is available only when the NE software version is V100R005C01 or later.
Step 3 Click OK.

Confirm the operation in each displayed confirmation dialog box.
Step 4 Specify the position of the NE in the Main Topology.
Step 5 Double-click the created NE. Click Next in the displayed NE Configuration Wizard dialog
box.

NOTE
Confirm the operation in each displayed confirmation dialog box.
Step 6 Set NE attributes and click Next.


NOTE
Shelf Type must be Subrack Type II.
Step 7 Right-click a logical slot of the NE, add the logical board, and click Next.
Step 8 Select Verify and Run, and click Finish.

----End
8.2 Configuring Site Commissioning Data

This section describes how to configure site commissioning data in offline mode for a pre-
configured NE. The configuration is the same as that for a real NE.
Flowchart
Figure 8-1 shows the flowchart for configuring site commissioning data.

Figure 8-1 Flowchart for configuring site commissioning data
Start
Configure logical boards.
Configure SFP ports.
Change the IF service type.
Configure one hop of radio link.
Create IF 1+1 protection

groups.
Configure DCCs.
Plan the VLAN ID and

bandwidth for an inband DCN.
Required
Enable/Disable the RSTP
protocol when the Layer 2 DCN Optional
solution is used.
End

NOTE
When configuring a hop of XPIC-enabled TDM radio link, you do not need to configure AM attributes for
the link (XPIC stands for cross polarization interference cancellation).
Process of Configuring Basic NE Data
Table 8-1 Process of configuring basic NE data

Step Operation Remarks
1 5.7.4 Configuring Logical Required.

Boards
2 Configuring an SFP Port Optional.

It is recommended that you delete the
SFP port for which no SFP module is
installed. If the type of the installed SFP
module differs from the default module
type supported by the port, delete the port
and add a new port whose SFP module
type is the same as the type of the
installed SFP module. The default SFP
module type for an Ethernet port is a GE
optical module, and the default SFP
module type for an SDH port is an
STM-1 optical module.
Process of Configuring a Radio Link
Table 8-2 Process of configuring a radio link

1 5.7.7 Optional.
Changing
the IF
Service
Type

2 5.7.8 Required. Set the parameters as follows:

Configuring l In Basic Parameters:
a Hop of
Radio Link – Set Link ID according to the service plan.
– To configure 1+1 protection, select 1+1 and set 1+1
protection attributes according to the service plan.
l In IF:
– Set IF Service Type and IF Channel Bandwidth
according to service plan.
– During site commissioning deselect AM, set
Manually Specified Modulation Mode to the
planned Modulation Mode of the Guaranteed AM
Capacity, and set Guaranteed E1 Capacity
according to the service plan.
l In RF:
– Set TX Frequency(MHz), T/R Spacing(MHz), and
TX Power(dBm) according to the service plan.
– During site commissioning, deselect ATPC.
– Set TX Status to unmute.
– Set Power to Be Received(dBm) to the RSL
specified in service plan. The antenna non-alignment
indication function is enabled only after this
parameter is set. When the antenna non-alignment
indicating function is enabled, if the actual receive
power of the ODU is 3 dB lower than the power
expected to be received, the ODU indicator on the IF
board connected to the ODU blinks yellow (at 300
ms intervals), indicating that the antenna is not
aligned. After the antennas are aligned for
consecutive 30 minutes, the NE automatically
disables the antenna non-alignment indication
function.
NOTE
l After site commissioning, re-set AM and ATPC based on site
requirements.
l For a 1+1 protection group of radio links, configure the IF
information for the main radio link only.
3 5.7.9 Required when XPIC and IF 1+1 protection work together.

Creating an Set related parameters according to the service plan.
IF 1+1
NOTE
Protection
Group l When XPIC and IF 1+1 protection work together, IF 1+1
protection cannot be configured in 5.7.8 Configuring a Hop of
Radio Link.
l For a 1+1 protection group of radio links, configure the IF
information for the main radio link only.

4 Configuring If an NE interconnects with third-party equipment or uses

DCCs inband DCN channels provided by the Integrated IP
microwave, disable related DCCs.
5 5.7.10 Required. Set the parameters as follows:

Configuring l If the default VLAN ID of the inband DCN conflicts
the VLAN with the VLAN ID in the service, the Ethernet Board
ID and VLAN ID of the inband DCN can be changed manually.
Bandwidth
Used by an l Bandwidth(kbit/s) specifies the bandwidth for inband
Inband DCN messaging on the Ethernet link.
DCN l IF Port Bandwidth(kbit/s) specifies the bandwidth for
inband DCN messaging on the radio link.
6 Enabling/ Optional.
Disabling
the RSTP
Protocol
When the L2
DCN
Solution Is
Used
8.3 Generating a Commissioning Data Script

This section describes how to generate a commissioning data script using configured site
commissioning data.
Prerequisites

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Administration > Back Up/Restore NMS Data > Import/Export Script File from
the Main Menu.

Step 2 Generate a commissioning data script on the Import/Export Script File tab page.
1. Click TXT.
2. Set Script File Type to NE Configuration File.
3. Click Export.
4. Select NEs for which the commissioning data script is generated under Export NE List.
5. Click Apply.
NOTE
In this example, the script is exported to (default). To save the script to another
folder, click Create File Directory to create a new folder.
----End

Commissioning Guide 9 ETH-OAM Operations on the EoS/EoPDH Plane
9 ETH-OAM Operations on the EoS/EoPDH

Plane
About This Chapter
This section describes the ETH-OAM operations that are commonly performed on the EoS/
EoPDH plane.
9.1 Creating MDs

A maintenance domain (MD) defines the scope and level of the Ethernet service OAM. The
MDs of different levels and scopes can provide differentiated OAM services to users.
9.2 Creating MAs
A maintenance domain (MD) can be divided into several independent maintenance
associations (MA). By creating MAs, operators can associate specific Ethernet services with
the MAs for easy Ethernet OAM operation.
9.3 Creating MPs
MPs refer to function entities of Ethernet service OAM, including MEPs and MIPs. The
functions of the Ethernet service OAM can be used only after MPs are created.
9.4 Performing an LB Test
During a loopback (LB) test, you can check the bidirectional connectivity between the source
MEP and any MP in the same maintenance association (MA).
9.5 Parameter Description: Ethernet Service OAM_Creation of MDs
This topic describes the parameters for creating maintenance domains (MDs).
9.6 Parameter Description: Ethernet Service OAM_Creation of MAs
This section describes the parameters for creating maintenance associations (MAs).
9.7 Parameter Description: Ethernet Service OAM_Creation of MPs
This section describes the parameters for creating a maintenance point (MP).
9.8 Parameter Description: Ethernet Service OAM_Enabling LB
This section describes the parameters for enabling the LB.

9.1 Creating MDs

A maintenance domain (MD) defines the scope and level of the Ethernet service OAM. The
MDs of different levels and scopes can provide differentiated OAM services to users.
Prerequisites
l The EFP8/EMS6 board must be added in the NE Panel.

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the EFP8/EMS6 board from the Object Tree and choose
Configuration > Ethernet Maintenance > Ethernet Service OAM from the Function Tree.
Step 2 In the right pane, click OAM Configuration.

The OAM Configuration dialog box is displayed.
NOTE
In this GUI, you can maintain or delete OAM MDs.
Step 3 Click New and choose Create MD from the drop-down list.
The Create MD dialog box is displayed.
Step 4 Set the parameters of the new MD.

Step 5 Click OK.
----End
9.2 Creating MAs

A maintenance domain (MD) can be divided into several independent maintenance
associations (MA). By creating MAs, operators can associate specific Ethernet services with
the MAs for easy Ethernet OAM operation.
Prerequisites
l The MD must be created.

U2000
Procedure
Step 2 In the right pane, click OAM Configuration.

The OAM Configuration dialog box is displayed.
NOTE
In this GUI, you can maintain or delete OAM MAs.
Step 3 Click New and choose Create MA from the drop-down list.
The Create MA dialog box is displayed.
Step 4 Set the parameters of the new MA.
Step 5 Click OK.
----End

9.3 Creating MPs

MPs refer to function entities of Ethernet service OAM, including MEPs and MIPs. The
functions of the Ethernet service OAM can be used only after MPs are created.
Prerequisites
l The Ethernet services must be created and activated.
l The MD and MA must be created.

U2000
Precautions
In an OAM test, all MPs that are involved in the operation of the same service flow must be in
the same MD. In an existing MD involved in the same service flow, creating an MP of the
same level or a higher level may damage the existing MD. As a result, the OAM test fails.
Procedure
Step 2 Click New.
The Create MP dialog box is displayed.
Step 3 Set the parameters of the new MP.
Step 4 Optional: Click Advanced. In the displayed dialog box, set the corresponding parameters
and click OK.

NOTE
If an MEP is created, you can choose whether to perform the following configurations:
l Activate the CC and set the sending period of the CC test.
l Set the timeout time for the LB or LT test.
Step 5 Click OK.
----End
9.4 Performing an LB Test

During a loopback (LB) test, you can check the bidirectional connectivity between the source
MEP and any MP in the same maintenance association (MA).
Prerequisites
l The source and sink MEPs in the same MD must be created.
l In the case of a standard MP, you must activate CC before an LB test.

U2000
l Only an MEP can initiate an LB test.
l During the LB test, the source MEP constructs and transmits the LBM frames and starts
the timer. If the sink MP receives the LBM frames, it sends the LBR frames back to the
source MEP. This indicates that the loopback is successful. If the source MEP timer
times out, it indicates that the loopback fails.
l Performing an LB test does not affect the services.
Procedure
Step 2 Select the node that requires an LB test, click OAM Operation, and select Start LB.
The LB Test dialog box is displayed.

Step 3 Set the parameters involved in the LB test.

NOTE
l In the case of standard MPs, when an MIP functions as the receive end in the LB test, you need to select
Test based on the MAC Address and set LB Sink MP MAC Address.
l Before the LB test, you can set LB Timeout(ms) according to the actual requirements.
Step 4 Click Start LB. Then, the test result is displayed.

NOTE
To enable an LB test, you can also right-click an MEP and then choose Start LB from the shortcut
menu.
----End
9.5 Parameter Description: Ethernet Service

OAM_Creation of MDs
This topic describes the parameters for creating maintenance domains (MDs).
Navigation Path
1. In the NE Explorer, select the EFP8/EMS6 board from the Object Tree and choose
Configuration > Ethernet Maintenance > Ethernet Service OAM from the Function
Tree.
2. In the right pane, click OAM Configuration.
3. Click New and choose Create MD from the drop-down list.
Parameters on the Main Interface
Table 9-1 Parameters on the main interface

Parameter Value Range Default Value Description
Maintenance Domain For example: MD1 - Specifies the name of the

Name MD.

Maintenance Domain Consumer High(7) Operator Low(0) Specifies the level of the
Level Consumer Middle(6) MD. The greater the
value, the higher the
Consumer Low(5) level.
Provider High(4)
Provider Low(3)
Operator High(2)
Operator Middle(1)
Operator Low(0)

OAM_Creation of MAs
This section describes the parameters for creating maintenance associations (MAs).
Navigation Path
Tree.
2. In the right pane, click OAM Configuration.
3. Click New and choose Create MA from the drop-down list.
Maintenance Domain For example: MD1 - Displays the MD in

Name which an MA is to be
created.
Maintenance For example: MA1 - This parameter specifies

Association Name the name of the MA,
which is a service-related
domain. By creating
MAs, the connectivity
check (CC) can be
performed on the network
that transmits a particular
service instance.


OAM_Creation of MPs
This section describes the parameters for creating a maintenance point (MP).
Navigation Path
Tree.
2. Click New.

Maintenance - NULL Specifies the maintenance domain (MD) of

Domain Name the MP.
NOTE
An MD is not required for a common MP. For
the creation of a common MP, select NULL.
Maintenance - NULL Specifies the maintenance association

Association Name (MA) of the MP.
NOTE
An MA is not required for a common MP. For
the creation of a common MP, select NULL.
Node - - Specifies the port where you want to create

an MP.
VLAN ID - - l Configures the ID of the VLAN to

which the service of the MP belongs.
The information is contained in the
OAM data packet. The MPs with the
same VLAN ID in an MD can
communicate with each other.
l This parameter can be null in the case
of PORT services, but need to be set in
the case of PORT+VLAN services.
MEP ID Standard MP: 00-00-0000 Uniquely identifies an MP. From the

00-00-0000 to FF- highest to the lowest, the first byte
FF-1FFF indicates the network number, the second
Common MP: byte indicates the number of the node in
00-00-0000 to FF- the local network, and the third and forth
FF-FF00 bytes indicate the ID of the MP on the
network node. The MP ID must be unique
in the entire network.

Type MEP MEP Specifies the MP type defined in IEEE

MIP 802.1ag. An MP can be a maintenance
association end point (MEP) or a
maintenance association intermediate point
(MIP).
Service Direction SDH SDH l Specifies the MEP direction.

IP l Set this parameter to SDH if the OAM
data initiated by the MEP travels
through the Ethernet switching unit on
the local NE. Otherwise, set this
parameter to IP.
Parameters for Advanced Attributes
Table 9-4 Parameters for advanced attributes

Level Consumer High(7) Provider High(4) Specifies the level of a common MP. The
Consumer greater the value, the higher the level.
Middle(6) NOTE
This parameter is valid only for a common MP
Consumer Low(5) (NULL).
Provider High(4)
Provider Low(3)
Operator High(2)
Operator Middle(1)
Operator Low(0)
CC Status Active Inactive Specifies whether to enable the

Inactive connectivity check (CC) function at an
MP.
LB Timeout(ms) 3000 to 60000, in 5000 l Specifies the timeout duration of an LB

step of 100 test.
l This parameter can be set only for an
MEP.
LT Timeout(ms) 3000 to 60000, in 5000 l Specifies the timeout duration of an LT

step of 100 test.
MEP.

CCM Sending Standard MP: Standard MP Specifies the interval for sending the CCM
Period(ms) 1000 1000 packet at the MP where the CC test is
performed.
10000 Common MP:
l If this parameter takes a very small
6000 5000 value, service bandwidth decreases
600000 significantly.
Common MP: l If this parameter takes a very large
1000 to 60000, in value, the CC test will become less
step of 100 capable in detecting service
interruptions. The default value is
recommended.
MEP.

OAM_Enabling LB
This section describes the parameters for enabling the LB.
Navigation Path
Tree.
2. Select the node that requires an LB test, click OAM Operation, and select Start LB.

LB Source MEP ID - - Specifies the ID of the

source maintenance point
in the LB test.
LB Sink MEP ID - - Specifies the ID of the

sink maintenance point in
the LB test.
Test Result - - Indicates the result of one

LB test.

Test based on the MAC Selected Not selected Select this parameter for
Address Not selected an LB test based on MAC
addresses.
NOTE
This parameter is valid
only for a standard MP.
LB Sink MP MAC - - Specifies the MAC

Address address of the sink
maintenance point in the
LB test. This parameter is
valid only in the case of
Test based on the MAC
Address.

Commissioning Guide A Glossary
A Glossary
Numerics
3G See 3rd Generation.
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
3rd Generation (3G) The third generation of digital wireless technology, as defined by the International
Telecommunications Union (ITU). Third generation technology is expected to deliver
data transmission speeds between 144 kbit/s and 2 Mbit/s, compared to the 9.6 kbit/s
to 19.2 kbit/s offered by second generation technology.
802.1Q in 802.1Q A VLAN feature that allows the equipment to add a VLAN tag to a tagged frame. The
(QinQ) implementation of QinQ is to add a public VLAN tag to a frame with a private VLAN
tag to allow the frame with double VLAN tags to be transmitted over the service
provider's backbone network based on the public VLAN tag. This provides a layer 2
VPN tunnel for customers and enables transparent transmission of packets over
private VLANs.
A
A/D analog/digit
ABR See available bit rate.
ACAP See adjacent channel alternate polarization.
ACL See access control list.
ADC analog to digital converter
ADM add/drop multiplexer
AF See assured forwarding.
AIS alarm indication signal
ALS See automatic laser shutdown.
AM See adaptive modulation.
APS automatic protection switching
ARP See Address Resolution Protocol.
ASBR See autonomous system boundary router.

ASIC See application-specific integrated circuit.

ATM asynchronous transfer mode
ATPC See automatic transmit power control.
Address Resolution An Internet Protocol used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses. The ARP protocol
Protocol (ARP) enables hosts and routers to determine link layer addresses through ARP requests and
responses. The address resolution is a process by which the host converts the target IP
address into a target MAC address before transmitting a frame. The basic function of
ARP is to use the target equipment's IP address to query its MAC address.
access control list A list of entities, together with their access rights, which are authorized to access a
(ACL) resource.
adaptive modulation A technology that is used to automatically adjust the modulation mode according to
(AM) the channel quality. When the channel quality is favorable, the equipment uses a high-
efficiency modulation mode to improve the transmission efficiency and the spectrum
utilization of the system. When the channel quality is degraded, the equipment uses
the low-efficiency modulation mode to improve the anti-interference capability of the
link that carries high-priority services.
adjacent channel A channel configuration method, which uses two adjacent channels (a horizontal
alternate polarization polarization wave and a vertical polarization wave) to transmit two signals.
(ACAP)
alarm suppression A method to suppress alarms for the alarm management purpose. Alarms that are
suppressed are no longer reported from NEs.
analog signal A signal in which information is represented with a continuously variable physical
quantity, such as voltage. Because of this constant changing of the wave shape with
regard to its passing a given point in time or space, an analog signal might have a
virtually indefinite number of states or values. This contrasts with a digital signal that
is expressed as a square wave and therefore has a very limited number of discrete
states. Analog signals, with complicated structures and narrow bandwidth, are
vulnerable to external interference.
application-specific A special type of chip that starts out as a nonspecific collection of logic gates. Late in
integrated circuit the manufacturing process, a layer is added to connect the gates for a specific function.
(ASIC) By changing the pattern of connections, the manufacturer can make the chip suitable
for many needs.
assured forwarding One of the four per-hop behaviors (PHB) defined by the Diff-Serv workgroup of IETF.
(AF) It is suitable for certain key data services that require assured bandwidth and short
delay. For traffic within the bandwidth limit, AF assures quality in forwarding. For
traffic that exceeds the bandwidth limit, AF degrades the service class and continues
to forward the traffic instead of discarding the packets.
attenuator A device used to increase the attenuation of an Optical Fiber Link. Generally used to
ensure that the signal at the receive end is not too strong.
automatic laser A technique (procedure) to automatically shutdown the output power of laser
shutdown (ALS) transmitters and optical amplifiers to avoid exposure to hazardous levels.
automatic transmit A method of adjusting the transmit power based on fading of the transmit signal
power control (ATPC) detected at the receiver
autonomous system A router that exchanges routing information with other ASs.
boundary router
(ASBR)

available bit rate A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. ABR only provides possible
(ABR) forwarding service and applies to the connections that does not require the real-time
quality. It does not provide any guarantee in terms of cell loss or delay.
B
B-ISDN See broadband integrated services digital network.
BDI See backward defect indication.
BE See best effort.
BER Bit error rate
BFD See Bidirectional Forwarding Detection.
BGP Border Gateway Protocol
BIOS See basic input/output system.
BIP See bit interleaved parity.
BPDU See bridge protocol data unit.
BSC See base station controller.
BTS base transceiver station
Bidirectional A fast and independent hello protocol that delivers millisecond-level link failure
Forwarding Detection detection and provides carrier-class availability. After sessions are established between
(BFD) neighboring systems, the systems can periodically send BFD packets to each other. If
one system fails to receive a BFD packet within the negotiated period, the system
regards that the bidirectional link fails and instructs the upper layer protocol to take
actions to recover the faulty link.
backbone network A network that forms the central interconnection for a connected network. The
communication backbone for a country is WAN. The backbone network is an
important architectural element for building enterprise networks. It provides a path for
the exchange of information between different LANs or subnetworks. A backbone can
tie together diverse networks in the same building, in different buildings in a campus
environment, or over wide areas. Generally, the backbone network's capacity is greater
than the networks connected to it.
backward defect A function that the sink node of a LSP, when detecting a defect, uses to inform the
indication (BDI) upstream end of the LSP of a downstream defect along the return path.
base station controller A logical entity that connects the BTS with the MSC in a GSM/CDMA network. It
(BSC) interworks with the BTS through the Abis interface, the MSC through the A interface.
It provides the following functions: radio resource management, base station
management, power control, handover control, and traffic measurement. One BSC
controls and manages one or more BTSs in an actual network.
basic input/output Firmware stored on the computer motherboard that contains basic input/output control
system (BIOS) programs, power-on self test (POST) programs, bootstraps, and system setting
information. The BIOS provides hardware setting and control functions for the
computer.

best effort (BE) A traditional IP packet transport service. In this service, the diagrams are forwarded
following the sequence of the time they reach. All diagrams share the bandwidth of
the network and routers. The amount of resource that a diagram can use depends of the
time it reaches. BE service does not ensure any improvement in delay time, jitter,
packet loss ratio, and high reliability.
bit interleaved parity A method of error monitoring. With even parity, the transmitting equipment generates
(BIP) an X-bit code over a specified portion of the signal in such a manner that the first bit
of the code provides even parity over the first bit of all X-bit sequences in the covered
portion of the signal, the second bit provides even parity over the second bit of all X-
bit sequences within the specified portion, and so forth. Even parity is generated by
setting the BIP-X bits so that an even number of 1s exist in each monitored partition
of the signal. A monitored partition comprises all bits in the same bit position within
the X-bit sequences in the covered portion of the signal. The covered portion includes
the BIP-X.
bridge A device that connects two or more networks and forwards packets among them.
Bridges operate at the physical network level. Bridges differ from repeaters because
bridges store and forward complete packets, while repeaters forward all electrical
signals. Bridges differ from routers because bridges use physical addresses, while
routers use IP addresses.
bridge protocol data Data messages exchanged across switches within an extended LAN that uses a
unit (BPDU) spanning tree protocol (STP) topology. BPDU packets contain information on ports,
addresses, priorities, and costs, and they ensure that the data reaches its intended
destination. BPDU messages are exchanged across bridges to detect loops in a
network topology. These loops are then removed by shutting down selected bridge
interfaces and placing redundant switch ports in a backup, or blocked, state.
broadband integrated A standard defined by the ITU-T to handle high-bandwidth applications, such as
services digital voice. It currently uses the ATM technology to transmit data over SONNET-based
network (B-ISDN) circuits at 155 to 622 Mbit/s or higher speed.
broadcast A means of delivering information to all members in a network. The broadcast range
is determined by the broadcast address.
broadcast domain A group of network stations that receives broadcast packets originating from any
device within the group. The broadcast domain also refers to the set of ports between
which a device forwards a multicast, broadcast, or unknown destination frame.
C
CAR committed access rate
CBS See committed burst size.
CCDP See co-channel dual polarization.
CDMA See Code Division Multiple Access.
CE See customer edge.
CES See circuit emulation service.
CGMP Cisco Group Management Protocol
CIST See Common and Internal Spanning Tree.
CLNP connectionless network protocol

CM connection management
CORBA See Common Object Request Broker Architecture.
CRC See cyclic redundancy check.
CSES consecutive severely errored second
CSMA/CD See carrier sense multiple access with collision detection.
CW control word
Code Division Multiple A communication scheme that uses frequency expansion technology to form different
Access (CDMA) code sequences. When the CDMA scheme is used, subscribers with different
addresses can use different code sequences for multi-address connection.
Common Object A specification developed by the Object Management Group in 1992 in which pieces
Request Broker of programs (objects) communicate with other objects in other programs, even if the
Architecture (CORBA) two programs are written in different programming languages and are running on
different platforms. A program makes its request for objects through an object request
broker, or ORB, and therefore does not need to know the structure of the program
from which the object comes. CORBA is designed to work in object-oriented
environments.
Common and Internal The single spanning tree jointly calculated by STP and RSTP, the logical connectivity
Spanning Tree (CIST) using MST bridges and regions, and MSTP. The CIST ensures that all LANs in the
bridged local area network are simply and fully connected.
cable tie A tie used to bind cables.
carrier sense multiple Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) is a computer
access with collision networking access method in which:
detection (CSMA/CD)
l A carrier sensing scheme is used.
l A transmitting data station that detects another signal while transmitting a frame,
stops transmitting that frame, transmits a jam signal, and then waits for a random
time interval before trying to send that frame again.
channel A telecommunication path of a specific capacity and/or speed between two or more
locations in a network. The channel can be established through wire, radio
(microwave), fiber, or any combination of the three. The amount of information
transmitted per second in a channel is the information transmission speed, expressed
in bits per second. For example, b/s (100 bit/s), kb/s (103 bit/s), Mb/s (106 bit/s), Gb/s
(109 bit/s), and Tb/s (1012 bit/s).
circuit emulation A function with which the E1/T1 data can be transmitted through ATM networks. At
service (CES) the transmission end, the interface module packs timeslot data into ATM cells. These
ATM cells are sent to the reception end through the ATM network. At the reception
end, the interface module re-assigns the data in these ATM cells to E1/T1 timeslots.
The CES technology guarantees that the data in E1/T1 timeslots can be recovered to
the original sequence at the reception end.
clock tracing The method of keeping the time on each node synchronized with a clock source in the
network.
co-channel dual A channel configuration method, which uses a horizontal polarization wave and a
polarization (CCDP) vertical polarization wave to transmit two signals. The Co-Channel Dual Polarization
has twice the transmission capacity of the single polarization.

committed burst size A parameter used to define the capacity of token bucket C, that is, the maximum burst
(CBS) IP packet size when information is transferred at the committed information rate. This
parameter must be greater than 0 but should be not less than the maximum length of
an IP packet to be forwarded.
cross-polarization A technology used in the case of the Co-Channel Dual Polarization (CCDP) to
interference eliminate the cross-connect interference between two polarization waves in the CCDP.
cancellation (XPIC)
customer edge (CE) A part of the BGP/MPLS IP VPN model that provides interfaces for directly
connecting to the Service Provider (SP) network. A CE can be a router, switch, or
host.
cyclic redundancy A procedure used to check for errors in data transmission. CRC error checking uses a
check (CRC) complex calculation to generate a number based on the data transmitted. The sending
device performs the calculation before performing the transmission and includes the
generated number in the packet it sends to the receiving device. The receiving device
then repeats the same calculation. If both devices obtain the same result, the
transmission is considered to be error free. This procedure is known as a redundancy
check because each transmission includes not only data but extra (redundant) error-
checking values.
D
DC direct current
DC-C See DC-return common (with ground).
DC-I See DC-return isolate (with ground).
DC-return common A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited
(with ground) (DC-C) with the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and also on the line
between the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.
DC-return isolate (with A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited
ground) (DC-I) with the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and is isolated from the
PGND on the line between the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric
equipment.
DCN See data communication network.
DDF digital distribution frame
DDN See digital data network.
DE discard eligible
DM See delay measurement.
DS boundary node A DS node that connects one DS domain to a node either in another DS domain or in a
domain that is not DS-capable.
DS interior node A DS node located at the center of a DS domain. It is a non-DS boundary node.
DS node A DS-compliant node, which is subdivided into DS boundary node and ID interior
node.
DSCP See differentiated services code point.
DVMRP See Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol.
DiffServ See differentiated service.

Distance Vector An Internet gateway protocol based primarily on the RIP. The DVMRP protocol
Multicast Routing implements a typical dense mode IP multicast solution and uses IGMP to exchange
Protocol (DVMRP) routing datagrams with its neighbors.
data communication A communication network used in a TMN or between TMNs to support the data
network (DCN) communication function.
delay measurement The time elapsed since the start of transmission of the first bit of the frame by a source
(DM) node until the reception of the last bit of the loopbacked frame by the same source
node, when the loopback is performed at the frame's destination node.
differentiated service An IETF standard that defines a mechanism for controlling and forwarding traffic in a
(DiffServ) differentiated manner based on CoS settings to handle network congestion.
differentiated services According to the QoS classification standard of the Differentiated Service (Diff-Serv),
code point (DSCP) the type of services (ToS) field in the IP header consists of six most significant bits
and two currently unused bits, which are used to form codes for priority marking.
Differentiated services code point (DSCP) is the six most important bits in the ToS. It
is the combination of IP precedence and types of service. The DSCP value is used to
ensure that routers supporting only IP precedence can be used because the DSCP
value is compatible with IP precedence. Each DSCP maps a per-hop behavior (PHB).
Therefore, terminal devices can identify traffic using the DSCP value.
digital data network A data transmission network that is designed to transmit data on digital channels (such
(DDN) as the fiber channel, digital microwave channel, or satellite channel).
digital modulation A method that controls the changes in amplitude, phase, and frequency of the carrier
based on the changes in the baseband digital signal. In this manner, the information
can be transmitted by the carrier.
dual-polarized antenna An antenna intended to simultaneously radiate or receive two independent radio waves
orthogonally polarized.
E
E-Aggr See Ethernet aggregation.
E-LAN See Ethernet local area network.
E-Line See Ethernet line.
EMC See electromagnetic compatibility.
EMI See electromagnetic interference.
EPL See Ethernet private line.
EPLAN See Ethernet private LAN service.
EPLD See erasable programmable logic device.
ERPS Ethernet ring protection switching
ESD electrostatic discharge
ETS European Telecommunication Standards
ETSI See European Telecommunications Standards Institute.
EVPL See Ethernet virtual private line.
EVPLAN See Ethernet virtual private LAN service.

Ethernet A LAN technology that uses the carrier sense multiple access with collision detection
(CSMA/CD) media access control method. The Ethernet network is highly reliable
and easy to maintain. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s,
1000 Mbit/s, or 10,000 Mbit/s.
Ethernet aggregation A type of Ethernet service that is based on a multipoint-to-point EVC (Ethernet virtual
(E-Aggr) connection).
Ethernet line (E-Line) A type of Ethernet service that is based on a point-to-point EVC (Ethernet virtual
connection).
Ethernet local area A type of Ethernet service that is based on a multipoint-to-multipoint EVC (Ethernet
network (E-LAN) virtual connection).
Ethernet private LAN A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS server layer
service (EPLAN) networks. This service is carried over dedicated bandwidth between multipoint-to-
multipoint connections.
Ethernet private line A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS server layer
(EPL) networks. This service is carried over dedicated bandwidth between point-to-point
connections.
Ethernet virtual A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS server layer
private LAN service networks. This service is carried over shared bandwidth between multipoint-to-
(EVPLAN) multipoint connections.
Ethernet virtual A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS server layer
private line (EVPL) networks. This service is carried over shared bandwidth between point-to-point
connections.
European A standards-setting body in Europe. Also the standards body responsible for GSM.
Telecommunications
Standards Institute
(ETSI)
electromagnetic A condition which prevails when telecommunications equipment is performing its
compatibility (EMC) individually designed function in a common electromagnetic environment without
causing or suffering unacceptable degradation due to unintentional electromagnetic
interference to or from other equipment in the same environment.
electromagnetic Any electromagnetic disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or
interference (EMI) limits the performance of electronics/electrical equipment.
engineering label A mark on a cable, a subrack, or a cabinet for identification.
erasable A logic array device which can be used to implement the required functions by
programmable logic programming the array. In addition, a user can modify and program the array
device (EPLD) repeatedly until the program meets the requirement.
F
FD See frequency diversity.
FDDI See fiber distributed data interface.
FDI See forward defect indication.
FEC See forward error correction.
FFD fast failure detection

FFD packet A path failure detection method independent from CV. Different from a CV packet,
the frequency for generating FFD packets is configurable to satisfy different service
requirements. By default, the frequency is 20/s. An FFD packet contains information
the same as that in a CV packet. The destination end LSR processes FFD packets in
the same way for processing CV packets.
FIFO See first in first out.
FPGA See field programmable gate array.
fiber distributed data A standard developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for high-
interface (FDDI) speed fiber-optic LANs. FDDI provides specifications for transmission rates of 100
megabits per second on token ring networks.
field programmable A semi-customized circuit that is used in the Application Specific Integrated Circuit
gate array (FPGA) (ASIC) field and developed based on programmable components. FPGA remedies
many of the deficiencies of customized circuits, and allows the use of many more gate
arrays.
first in first out (FIFO) A stack management method in which data that is stored first in a queue is also read
and invoked first.
forward defect A packet generated and traced forward to the sink node of the LSP by the node that
indication (FDI) first detects defects. It includes fields to indicate the nature of the defect and its
location. Its primary purpose is to suppress alarms being raised at affected higher level
client LSPs and (in turn) their client layers.
forward error A bit error correction technology that adds correction information to the payload at the
correction (FEC) transmit end. Based on the correction information, the bit errors generated during
transmission can be corrected at the receive end.
fragmentation A process of breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network
node that does not support the original size of the packet.
frequency diversity A diversity scheme in which two or more microwave frequencies with a certain
(FD) frequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then
performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading.
G
GCRA generic cell rate algorithm
GFC generic flow control
GFP See Generic Framing Procedure.
GNE See gateway network element.
GPS See Global Positioning System.
GTS See generic traffic shaping.
GUI graphical user interface
Generic Framing A framing and encapsulated method that can be applied to any data type. GFP is
Procedure (GFP) defined by ITU-T G.7041.
Global Positioning A global navigation satellite system that provides reliable positioning, navigation, and
System (GPS) timing services to users worldwide.
gateway network An NE that serves as a gateway for other NEs to communicate with a network
element (GNE) management system.

generic traffic shaping A traffic control measure that proactively adjusts the output speed of the traffic. This
(GTS) is to adapt the traffic to network resources that can be provided by the downstream
router to avoid packet discarding and congestion.
H
HQoS See hierarchical quality of service.
HSDPA See High Speed Downlink Packet Access.
HSM hitless switch mode
High Speed Downlink A modulating-demodulating algorithm put forward in 3GPP R5 to meet the
Packet Access requirement for asymmetric uplink and downlink transmission of data services. It
(HSDPA) enables the maximum downlink data service rate to reach 14.4 Mbit/s without
changing the WCDMA network topology.
hierarchical quality of A type of QoS that controls the traffic of users and performs the scheduling according
service (HQoS) to the priority of user services. HQoS has an advanced traffic statistics function, and
the administrator can monitor the usage of bandwidth of each service. Hence, the
bandwidth can be allocated reasonably through traffic analysis.
hybrid radio The hybrid transmission of Native E1 and Native Ethernet signals. Hybrid radio
supports the AM function.
I
I/O input/output
ICMP See Internet Control Message Protocol.
IDU See indoor unit.
IEEE See Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
IF See intermediate frequency.
IGMP See Internet Group Management Protocol.
IGP See Interior Gateway Protocol.
IPv4 See Internet Protocol version 4.
IPv6 See Internet Protocol version 6.
ISDN integrated services digital network
ISO International Organization for Standardization
IST internal spanning tree
ITU See International Telecommunication Union.
Institute of Electrical A professional association of electrical and electronics engineers based in the United
and Electronics States, but with membership from numerous other countries. The IEEE focuses on
Engineers (IEEE) electrical, electronics, and computer engineering, and produces many important
technology standards.
Interior Gateway A routing protocol that is used within an autonomous system. The IGP runs in small-
Protocol (IGP) sized and medium-sized networks. The commonly used IGPs are the routing
information protocol (RIP), the interior gateway routing protocol (IGRP), the
enhanced IGRP (EIGRP), and the open shortest path first (OSPF).

International A United Nations agency, one of the most important and influential recommendation
Telecommunication bodies, responsible for recommending standards for telecommunication (ITU-T) and
Union (ITU) radio networks (ITU-R).
Internet Control A network layer protocol that provides message control and error reporting between a
Message Protocol host server and an Internet gateway.
(ICMP)
Internet Group One of the TCP/IP protocols for managing the membership of Internet Protocol
Management Protocol multicast groups. It is used by IP hosts and adjacent multicast routers to establish and
(IGMP) maintain multicast group memberships.
Internet Protocol The current version of the Internet Protocol (IP). IPv4 utilizes a 32bit address which is
version 4 (IPv4) assigned to hosts. An address belongs to one of five classes (A, B, C, D, or E) and is
written as 4 octets separated by periods and may range from 0.0.0.0 through to
255.255.255.255. Each IPv4 address consists of a network number, an optional
subnetwork number, and a host number. The network and subnetwork numbers
together are used for routing, and the host number is used to address an individual host
within the network or subnetwork.
Internet Protocol An update version of IPv4, which is designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force
version 6 (IPv6) (IETF) and is also called IP Next Generation (IPng). It is a new version of the Internet
Protocol. The difference between IPv6 and IPv4 is that an IPv4 address has 32 bits
while an IPv6 address has 128 bits.
indoor unit (IDU) The indoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements accessing,
multiplexing/demultiplexing, and intermediate frequency (IF) processing for services.
intermediate frequency The transitional frequency between the frequencies of a modulated signal and an RF
(IF) signal.
L
L2VPN Layer 2 virtual private network
LACP See Link Aggregation Control Protocol.
LAG See link aggregation group.
LAN See local area network.
LAPS Link Access Protocol-SDH
LB See loopback.
LCAS See link capacity adjustment scheme.
LM See loss measurement.
LOS See loss of signal.
LPT link-state pass through
LSDB link state database
LSP tunnel An LSP over which traffic is transmitted based on labels that are assigned to FECs on
the ingress. The traffic is transparent to the intermediate nodes
LSR See label switching router.

Layer 2 switching A data forwarding method. In a LAN, a network bridge or 802.3 Ethernet switch
transmits and distributes packet data based on the MAC address. Since the MAC
address is at the second layer of the OSI model, this data forwarding method is called
Layer 2 switching.
Link Aggregation A dynamic link aggregation protocol that improves the transmission speed and
Control Protocol reliability. The two ends of the link send LACP packets to inform each other of their
(LACP) parameters and form a logical aggregation link. After the aggregation link is formed,
LACP maintains the link status in real time and dynamically adjusts the ports on the
aggregation link upon detecting the failure of a physical port.
label switching router Basic element of an MPLS network. All LSRs support the MPLS protocol. The LSR
(LSR) is composed of two parts: control unit and forwarding unit. The former is responsible
for allocating the label, selecting the route, creating the label forwarding table,
creating and removing the label switch path; the latter forwards the labels according to
groups received in the label forwarding table.
laser A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow wavelengths. The
laser light has better coherence than ordinary light. Semi-conductor lasers provide the
light used in a fiber system.
line rate The maximum packet forwarding capacity on a cable. The value of line rate equals the
maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media.
link aggregation group An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a link
(LAG) aggregation group so that a MAC client can treat the link aggregation group as if it
were a single link.
link capacity LCAS in the virtual concatenation source and sink adaptation functions provides a
adjustment scheme control mechanism to hitless increase or decrease the capacity of a link to meet the
(LCAS) bandwidth needs of the application. It also provides a means of removing member
links that have experienced failure. The LCAS assumes that in cases of capacity
initiation, increases or decreases, the construction or destruction of the end-to-end path
is the responsibility of the network and element management systems.
local area network A network formed by the computers and workstations within the coverage of a few
(LAN) square kilometers or within a single building, featuring high speed and low error rate.
Current LANs are generally based on switched Ethernet or Wi-Fi technology and run
at 1,000 Mbit/s (that is, 1 Gbit/s).
loopback (LB) A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its source so that the
signal or message can be analyzed for errors. The loopback can be a inloop or outloop.
loss measurement A method used to collect counter values applicable for ingress and egress service
(LM) frames where the counters maintain a count of transmitted and received data frames
between a pair of MEPs.
loss of signal (LOS) No transitions occurring in the received signal.
M
MA maintenance association
MAC See Media Access Control.
MADM multiple add/drop multiplexer
MD See maintenance domain.
MD5 See message digest algorithm 5.

MDI medium dependent interface

MEP maintenance association end point
MIB See management information base.
MLPPP Multi-Link Point-to-Point Protocol
MP maintenance point
MPLS See Multiprotocol Label Switching.
MPLS L2VPN A network that provides the Layer 2 VPN service based on an MPLS network. In this
case, on a uniform MPLS network, the carrier is able to provide Layer 2 VPNs of
different media types, such as ATM, FR, VLAN, Ethernet, and PPP.
MPLS TE multiprotocol label switching traffic engineering
MPLS VPN See multiprotocol label switching virtual private network.
MS multiplex section
MSP See multiplex section protection.
MST region See Multiple Spanning Tree region.
MSTI See multiple spanning tree instance.
MSTP See Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol.
MTBF See mean time between failures.
MTTR See mean time to repair.
MTU See maximum transmission unit.
Media Access Control A protocol at the media access control sublayer. The protocol is at the lower part of
(MAC) the data link layer in the OSI model and is mainly responsible for controlling and
connecting the physical media at the physical layer. When transmitting data, the MAC
protocol checks whether to be able to transmit data. If the data can be transmitted,
certain control information is added to the data, and then the data and the control
information are transmitted in a specified format to the physical layer. When receiving
data, the MAC protocol checks whether the information is correct and whether the
data is transmitted correctly. If the information is correct and the data is transmitted
correctly, the control information is removed from the data and then the data is
transmitted to the LLC layer.
Multiple Spanning A protocol that can be used in a loop network. Using an algorithm, the MSTP blocks
Tree Protocol (MSTP) redundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmed as a tree network. In this
case, the proliferation and endless cycling of packets is avoided in the loop network.
The protocol that introduces the mapping between VLANs and multiple spanning
trees. This solves the problem that data cannot be normally forwarded in a VLAN
because in STP/RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to all the VLANs.
Multiple Spanning A region that consists of switches that support the MSTP in the LAN and links among
Tree region (MST them. Switches physically and directly connected and configured with the same MST
region) region attributes belong to the same MST region.
Multiprotocol Label A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate packets in different
Switching (MPLS) link layers, and provides connection-oriented switching for the network layer on the
basis of IP routing and control protocols.

maintenance domain The network or the part of the network for which connectivity is managed by
(MD) connectivity fault management (CFM). The devices in a maintenance domain are
managed by a single Internet service provider (ISP).
management A type of database used for managing the devices in a communications network. It
information base comprises a collection of objects in a (virtual) database used to manage entities (such
(MIB) as routers and switches) in a network.
maximum The largest packet of data that can be transmitted on a network. MTU size varies,
transmission unit depending on the network—576 bytes on X.25 networks, for example, 1500 bytes on
(MTU) Ethernet, and 17,914 bytes on 16 Mbit/s token ring. Responsibility for determining the
size of the MTU lies with the link layer of the network. When packets are transmitted
across networks, the path MTU, or PMTU, represents the smallest packet size (the one
that all networks can transmit without breaking up the packet) among the networks
involved.
mean time between The average time between consecutive failures of a piece of equipment. It is a measure
failures (MTBF) of the reliability of the system.
mean time to repair The average time that a device will take to recover from a failure.
(MTTR)
message digest A hash function that is used in a variety of security applications to check message
algorithm 5 (MD5) integrity. MD5 processes a variable-length message into a fixed-length output of 128
bits. It breaks up an input message into 512-bit blocks (sixteen 32-bit little-endian
integers). After a series of processing, the output consists of four 32-bit words, which
are then cascaded into a 128-bit hash number.
multicast A process of transmitting data packets from one source to many destinations. The
destination address of the multicast packet uses Class D address, that is, the IP address
ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a
multicast group rather than a host.
multiple spanning tree A type of spanning trees calculated by MSTP within an MST Region, to provide a
instance (MSTI) simply and fully connected active topology for frames classified as belonging to a
VLAN that is mapped to the MSTI by the MST Configuration. A VLAN cannot be
assigned to multiple MSTIs.
multiplex section A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a signal between
protection (MSP) and including two multiplex section termination (MST) functions, from a "working" to
a "protection" channel.
multiprotocol label An Internet Protocol (IP) virtual private network (VPN) based on the multiprotocol
switching virtual label switching (MPLS) technology. It applies the MPLS technology for network
private network routers and switches, simplifies the routing mode of core routers, and combines
(MPLS VPN) traditional routing technology and label switching technology. It can be used to
construct the broadband Intranet and Extranet to meet various service requirements.
N
N+1 protection A radio link protection system composed of N working channels and one protection
channel.
NE network element
NE Explorer The main operation interface of the NMS, which is used to manage the
telecommunication equipment. In the NE Explorer, a user can query, manage, and
maintain NEs, boards, and ports.

NNI network-to-network interface

NPE network provider edge
NSAP See network service access point.
NSF non-stop forwarding
network service access A network address defined by ISO, at which the OSI Network Service is made
point (NSAP) available to a Network service user by the Network service provider.
network storm A phenomenon that occurs during data communication. To be specific, mass broadcast
packets are transmitted in a short time; the network is congested; transmission quality
and availability of the network decrease rapidly. The network storm is caused by
network connection or configuration problems.
non-GNE See non-gateway network element.
non-gateway network A network element that communicates with the NM application layer through the
element (non-GNE) gateway NE application layer.
O
O&M operation and maintenance
OAM See operation, administration and maintenance.
OAMPDU operation, administration and maintenance protocol data unit
ODF optical distribution frame
ODU See outdoor unit.
OSPF See Open Shortest Path First.
Open Shortest Path A link-state, hierarchical interior gateway protocol (IGP) for network routing that uses
First (OSPF) cost as its routing metric. A link state database is constructed of the network topology,
which is identical on all routers in the area.
operation, A set of network management functions that cover fault detection, notification,
administration and location, and repair.
maintenance (OAM)
orderwire A channel that provides voice communication between operation engineers or
maintenance engineers of different stations.
outdoor unit (ODU) The outdoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements frequency
conversion and amplification for radio frequency (RF) signals.
P
P2P See point-to-point service.
PCB See printed circuit board.
PDH See plesiochronous digital hierarchy.
PE See provider edge.
PHB See per-hop behavior.
PLA See physical link aggregation.
PLL See phase-locked loop.

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol

PRBS See pseudo random binary sequence.
PRI primary rate interface
PSN See packet switched network.
PTN packet transport network
PTP Precision Time Protocol
PTP clock See Precision Time Protocol clock.
PVP See permanent virtual path.
PW See pseudo wire.
PWE3 See pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge.
Precision Time A type of high-decision clock defined by the IEEE 1588 V2 standard. The IEEE 1588
Protocol clock (PTP V2 standard specifies the precision time protocol (PTP) in a measurement and control
clock) system. The PTP protocol ensures clock synchronization precise to sub-microseconds.
packet switched A telecommunications network that works in packet switching mode.
network (PSN)
per-hop behavior IETF Diff-Serv workgroup defines forwarding behaviors of network nodes as per-hop
(PHB) behaviors (PHB), such as, traffic scheduling and policing. A device in the network
should select the proper PHB behaviors, based on the value of DSCP. At present, the
IETF defines four types of PHB. They are class selector (CS), expedited forwarding
(EF), assured forwarding (AF), and best-effort (BE).
permanent virtual Virtual path that consists of PVCs.
path (PVP)
phase-locked loop A circuit that consists essentially of a phase detector that compares the frequency of a
(PLL) voltage-controlled oscillator with that of an incoming carrier signal or reference-
frequency generator. The output of the phase detector, after passing through a loop
filter, is fed back to the voltage-controlled oscillator to keep it exactly in phase with
the incoming or reference frequency.
physical link Being a technology providing load balancing based on physical layer bandwidths,
aggregation (PLA) physical link aggregation (PLA) combines Ethernet transmission paths in several
Integrated IP radio links into a logical Ethernet link for higher Ethernet bandwidth and
Ethernet transmission reliability.
plesiochronous digital A multiplexing scheme of bit stuffing and byte interleaving. It multiplexes the
hierarchy (PDH) minimum rate 64 kit/s into rates of 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbit/s, and 565 Mbit/s.
point-to-point service A service between two terminal users. In P2P services, senders and recipients are
(P2P) terminal users.
polarization A kind of electromagnetic wave, the direction of whose electric field vector is fixed or
rotates regularly. Specifically, if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is
perpendicular to the plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called vertically
polarized wave; if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is parallel to
the plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called horizontal polarized wave; if
the tip of the electric field vector, at a fixed point in space, describes a circle, this
electromagnetic wave is called circularly polarized wave.

printed circuit board A board used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components
(PCB) using conductive pathways, tracks, or traces, etched from copper sheets laminated
onto a non-conductive substrate.
provider edge (PE) A device that is located in the backbone network of the MPLS VPN structure. A PE is
responsible for managing VPN users, establishing LSPs between PEs, and exchanging
routing information between sites of the same VPN. A PE performs the mapping and
forwarding of packets between the private network and the public channel. A PE can
be a UPE, an SPE, or an NPE.
pseudo random binary A sequence that is random in the sense that the value of each element is independent
sequence (PRBS) of the values of any of the other elements, similar to a real random sequence.
pseudo wire (PW) An emulated connection between two PEs for transmitting frames. The PW is
established and maintained by PEs through signaling protocols. The status information
of a PW is maintained by the two end PEs of a PW.
pseudo wire emulation An end-to-end Layer 2 transmission technology. It emulates the essential attributes of
edge-to-edge (PWE3) a telecommunication service such as ATM, FR or Ethernet in a packet switched
network (PSN). PWE3 also emulates the essential attributes of low speed time
division multiplexing (TDM) circuit and SONET/SDH. The simulation approximates
to the real situation.
Q
QPSK See quadrature phase shift keying.
QinQ See 802.1Q in 802.1Q.
quadrature phase shift A modulation method of data transmission through the conversion or modulation and
keying (QPSK) the phase determination of the reference signals (carrier). It is also called the fourth
period or 4-phase PSK or 4-PSK. QPSK uses four dots in the star diagram. The four
dots are evenly distributed on a circle. On these phases, each QPSK character can
perform two-bit coding and display the codes in Gray code on graph with the
minimum BER.
R
RADIUS See Remote Authentication Dial In User Service.
RADIUS accounting An accounting mode in which the BRAS sends the accounting packets to the RADIUS
server. Then the RADIUS server performs accounting.
RDI remote defect indication
RED See random early detection.
REI remote error indication
RF See radio frequency.
RFC See Request For Comments.
RMEP remote maintenance association end point
RMON remote network monitoring
RNC See radio network controller.
RSL See received signal level.

RSSI See received signal strength indicator.

RSTP See Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol.
RSVP See Resource Reservation Protocol.
RTN radio transmission node
Rapid Spanning Tree An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) that provides faster spanning tree
Protocol (RSTP) convergence after a topology change. The RSTP protocol is backward compatible with
the STP protocol.
Remote Authentication A security service that authenticates and authorizes dial-up users and is a centralized
Dial In User Service access control mechanism. As a distributed server/client system, RADIUS provides
(RADIUS) the AAA function.
Request For A document in which a standard, a protocol, or other information pertaining to the
Comments (RFC) operation of the Internet is published. The RFC is actually issued, under the control of
the IAB, after discussion and serves as the standard. RFCs can be obtained from
sources such as InterNIC.
Resource Reservation A protocol that reserves resources on every node along a path. RSVP is designed for
Protocol (RSVP) an integrated services Internet.
RoHS restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances
radio frequency (RF) A type of electric current in the wireless network using AC antennas to create an
electromagnetic field. It is the abbreviation of high-frequency AC electromagnetic
wave. The AC with the frequency lower than 1 kHz is called low-frequency current.
The AC with frequency higher than 10 kHz is called high-frequency current. RF can
be classified into such high-frequency current.
radio network A device in a radio network subsystem that is in charge of controlling the usage and
controller (RNC) integrity of radio resources.
random early detection A packet loss algorithm used in congestion avoidance. It discards the packet according
(RED) to the specified higher limit and lower limit of a queue so that global TCP
synchronization resulting from traditional tail drop can be prevented.
real-time variable bit A parameter intended for real-time applications, such as compressed voice over IP
rate (rt-VBR) (VoIP) and video conferencing. The rt-VBR is characterized by a peak cell rate (PCR),
sustained cell rate (SCR), and maximum burst size (MBS). You can expect the source
device to transmit in bursts and at a rate that varies with time.
received signal level The signal level at a receiver input terminal.
(RSL)
received signal The received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in the
strength indicator receiver, within the bandwidth defined by the receiver pulse shaping filter, for TDD
(RSSI) within a specified timeslot. The reference point for the measurement shall be the
antenna
receiver sensitivity The minimum acceptable value of mean received power at point Rn (a reference point
at an input to a receiver optical connector) to achieve a 1x10-12 BER when the FEC is
enabled.
regeneration The process of receiving and reconstructing a digital signal so that the amplitudes,
waveforms and timing of its signal elements are constrained within specified limits.
rt-VBR See real-time variable bit rate.

S
SAI service area identifier
SAToP Structure-Agnostic Time Division Multiplexing over Packet
SD See space diversity.
SDH See synchronous digital hierarchy.
SEC security screening
SES severely errored second
SETS SDH equipment timing source
SF See signal fail.
SFP small form-factor pluggable
SLA See service level agreement.
SNCP subnetwork connection protection
SNMP See Simple network management protocol.
SNR See signal-to-noise ratio.
SSM See Synchronization Status Message.
STM See synchronous transport module.
STM-1 See Synchronous Transport Module level 1.
STM-4 Synchronous Transport Module level 4
STM-N Synchronous Transport Module level N
STP Spanning Tree Protocol
Simple network "An IETF protocol for monitoring and managing systems and devices in a network.
management protocol The data being monitored and managed is defined by a MIB. The functions supported
(SNMP) by the protocol are the request and retrieval of data, the setting or writing of data, and
traps that signal the occurrence of events."
Synchronization Status A message that carries the quality levels of timing signals on a synchronous timing
Message (SSM) link. SSM messages provide upstream clock information to nodes on an SDH network
or synchronization network.
Synchronous Synchronous transfer mode at 155 Mbit/s.
Transport Module
level 1 (STM-1)
service level agreement A service agreement between a customer and a service provider. SLA specifies the
(SLA) service level for a customer. The customer can be a user organization (source domain)
or another differentiated services domain (upstream domain). An SLA may include
traffic conditioning rules which constitute a traffic conditioning agreement as a whole
or partially.
signal fail (SF) A signal indicating that associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect
condition (non-degrade defect) is active.
signal-to-noise ratio The ratio of the amplitude of the desired signal to the amplitude of noise signals at a
(SNR) given point in time. SNR is expressed as 10 times the logarithm of the power ratio and
is usually expressed in dB.

single-polarized An antenna intended to radiate or receive radio waves with only one specified
antenna polarization.
space diversity (SD) A diversity scheme that enables two or more antennas separated by a specific distance
to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then performed between the two
signals to ease the impact of fading. Currently, only receive SD is used.
synchronous digital A transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709. SDH defines the
hierarchy (SDH) transmission features of digital signals, such as frame structure, multiplexing mode,
transmission rate level, and interface code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and B-
ISDN.
synchronous transport An information structure used to support section layer connections in the SDH. It
module (STM) consists of information payload and Section Overhead (SOH) information fields
organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125. The information is
suitably conditioned for serial transmission on the selected media at a rate which is
synchronized to the network. A basic STM is defined at 155 520 kbit/s. This is termed
STM-1. Higher capacity STMs are formed at rates equivalent to N times this basic
rate. STM capacities for N = 4, N = 16 and N = 64 are defined; higher values are
under consideration.
T
T1 A North American standard for high-speed data transmission at 1.544Mbps. It
provides 24 x 64 kbit/s channels.
TCI tag control information
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TD-SCDMA See Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access.
TDM See time division multiplexing.
TDMA See Time Division Multiple Access.
TEDB See traffic engineering database.
TIM trace identifier mismatch
TMN See telecommunications management network.
TOS test operation system
TTL See time to live.
TUG tributary unit group
Telnet A standard terminal emulation protocol in the TCP/IP protocol stack. Telnet allows
users to log in to remote systems and use resources as if they were connected to a local
system. Telnet is defined in RFC 854.
Time Division Multiple An approach used for allocating a single channel among many users, by dividing the
Access (TDMA) channel into different timeslots during which each user has access to the medium.
Time Division- A 3G mobile communications standard found in UMTS mobile telecommunications
Synchronous Code networks in China as an alternative to W-CDMA. TD-SCDMA integrates technologies
Division Multiple of CDMA, TDMA, and FDMA, and makes use of technologies including intelligent
Access (TD-SCDMA) antenna, joint detection, low chip rate (LCR), and adaptive power control. With the
flexibility of service processing, a TD-SCDMA network can connect to other
networks through the RNC.

tail drop A congestion management mechanism, in which packets arrive later are discarded
when the queue is full. This policy of discarding packets may result in network-wide
synchronization due to the TCP slow startup mechanism.
tangent ring A concept borrowed from geometry. Two tangent rings have a common node between
them. The common node often leads to single-point failures.
telecommunications A protocol model defined by ITU-T for managing open systems in a communications
management network network. TMN manages the planning, provisioning, installation, and OAM of
(TMN) equipment, networks, and services.
time division A multiplexing technology. TDM divides the sampling cycle of a channel into time
multiplexing (TDM) slots (TSn, n=0, 1, 2, 3…), and the sampling value codes of multiple signals engross
time slots in a certain order, forming multiple multiplexing digital signals to be
transmitted over one channel.
time to live (TTL) A specified period of time for best-effort delivery systems to prevent packets from
looping endlessly.
trTCM See two rate three color marker.
traffic engineering A type of database that every router generates after collecting the information about
database (TEDB) TE of every links in its area. TEDB is the base of forming the dynamic TE path in the
MPLS TE network.
tributary loopback A fault can be located for each service path by performing loopback to each path of
the tributary board. There are three kinds of loopback modes: no loopback, outloop,
and inloop.
tunnel A channel on the packet switching network that transmits service traffic between PEs.
In VPN, a tunnel is an information transmission channel between two entities. The
tunnel ensures secure and transparent transmission of VPN information. In most cases,
a tunnel is an MPLS tunnel.
two rate three color An algorithm that meters an IP packet stream and marks its packets based on two
marker (trTCM) rates, Peak Information Rate (PIR) and Committed Information Rate (CIR), and their
associated burst sizes to be either green, yellow, or red. A packet is marked red if it
exceeds the PIR. Otherwise it is marked either yellow or green depending on whether
it exceeds or does not exceed the CIR.
U
UART universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter
UAS unavailable second
UBR+ Unspecified Bit Rate Plus
UNI See user-to-network interface.
UPC See usage parameter control.
unicast The process of sending data from a source to a single recipient.
usage parameter During communications, UPC is implemented to monitor the actual traffic on each
control (UPC) virtual circuit that is input to the network. Once the specified parameter is exceeded,
measures will be taken to control. NPC is similar to UPC in function. The difference is
that the incoming traffic monitoring function is divided into UPC and NPC according
to their positions. UPC locates at the user/network interface, while NPC at the network
interface.

user-to-network The interface between user equipment and private or public network equipment (for
interface (UNI) example, ATM switches).
V
V-NNI virtual network-network interface
V-UNI See virtual user-network interface.
VB virtual bridge
VBR See variable bit rate.
VC See virtual container.
VCC See virtual channel connection.
VCCV virtual circuit connectivity verification
VCG See virtual concatenation group.
VCI virtual channel identifier
VCTRUNK A virtual concatenation group applied in data service mapping, also called the internal
port of a data service processing board.
VPI See virtual path identifier.
VPLS virtual private LAN segment
VPN virtual private network
VSWR voltage standing wave ratio
variable bit rate (VBR) One of the traffic classes used by ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). Unlike a
permanent CBR (Constant Bit Rate) channel, a VBR data stream varies in bandwidth
and is better suited to non real time transfers than to real-time streams such as voice
calls.
virtual channel A VC logical trail that carries data between two end points in an ATM network. A
connection (VCC) point-to-multipoint VCC is a set of ATM virtual connections between two or multiple
end points.
virtual circuit A channel or circuit established between two points on a data communications
network with packet switching. Virtual circuits can be permanent virtual circuits
(PVCs) or switched virtual circuits (SVCs) .
virtual concatenation A group of co-located member trail termination functions that are connected to the
group (VCG) same virtual concatenation link.
virtual container (VC) An information structure used to support path layer connections in the SDH. A VC
consists of a payload and path overhead (POH), which are organized in a block frame
structure that repeats every 125 μs or 500 μs.
virtual path identifier The field in the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cell header that identifies to
(VPI) which virtual path the cell belongs.
virtual user-network A virtual user-network interface, works as an action point to perform service
interface (V-UNI) classification and traffic control in HQoS.
W
WCDMA See Wideband Code Division Multiple Access.

WDM wavelength division multiplexing

WEEE waste electrical and electronic equipment
WFQ See weighted fair queuing.
WRR weighted round robin
WTR See wait to restore.
Web LCT The local maintenance terminal of a transport network, which is located at the NE
management layer of the transport network.
Wideband Code A standard defined by the ITU-T for the third-generation wireless technology derived
Division Multiple from the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology.
Access (WCDMA)
wait to restore (WTR) The number of minutes to wait before services are switched back to the working line.
weighted fair queuing A fair queue scheduling algorithm based on bandwidth allocation weights. This
(WFQ) scheduling algorithm allocates the total bandwidth of an interface to queues, according
to their weights and schedules the queues cyclically. In this manner, packets of all
priority queues can be scheduled.
winding pipe A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe.
X
XPIC See cross-polarization interference cancellation.


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OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

About This Document

Product Name Version

OptiX RTN 950 V100R010C00

iManager U2000 V200R017C50

The intended audience of this document are:

Installation and commissioning engineers

Indicates an imminently hazardous situation

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation

Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation

Calls attention to important information,

Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.

Boldface Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in

Italic Book titles are in italics.

Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.

Italic Command arguments are in italics.

[] Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.

{ x | y | ... } Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by

[ x | y | ... ] Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by

Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

{ x | y | ... }* Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by

[ x | y | ... ]* Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by

Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles

> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"

Updates in Issue 01 (2017-05-30) Based on Product Version

Updates in Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Based on Product Version

- Fixed the known bugs.

Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iv

About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii

2 Notices for High-Risk Operations........................................................................................... 19

Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential v

4.2 System Commissioning Process................................................................................................................................... 45

5 Site Commissioning (Using the Web LCT)............................................................................ 47

6 Site Commissioning (Using a USB Flash Drive)................................................................... 97

Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential vi

7.3.2 Testing Ethernet Services Configured in an End-to-End Manner........................................................................... 116

8 Site Commissioning Data Script Generation Using the Offline Configuration

9 ETH-OAM Operations on the EoS/EoPDH Plane...............................................................177

Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential vii

About This Chapter

1.1 General Safety Precautions

Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

1.1 General Safety Precautions

All Safety Precautions

Local Laws and Regulations

Basic Installation Requirements

Issue 02 (2017-09-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 2

1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols

This symbol is for ESD protection.

This symbol is for the laser class.

DO NOT VIEW DIRECTLY

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A notice with this symbol indicates where the subrack is

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