Rotary Kiln

Installation and
Operation Instruction

Henan Hongke Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd.

Catalogue
一、Technical performance 1

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二、Working principles and structural features
1．Working principles 2
2．Structural features 2

三、Installation instructions

1．Preparatory work before installation 5

2．Foundation check and foundation lineation 6

3．Installation of supporting device 8

4．Welding and installation of the shell 9

5．Installation of driving device 12

6．Installation instruction of other parts for the kiln 13

7．Requirements of firebrick laying 13

四、 Operation maintenance and repair

1．Trial run of rotary kiln 14

2．Maintenance for normal operation of rotary kiln 15

3．Kiln stop and inspection 20

4．Lubrication and cooling 21

5．Inspection of rotary kiln 22

Attachment: lubricating items 23

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 一、Technical performance

See details in installation general

drawing

This installation and operation instruction is applied to the rotary kiln

of diameter 2.5～5.2m,of 3 supports and above. If the diameter of rotary kiln
exceeds above specification, you can also refer to it.

二、Working principles and structural features

1． Working principles：rotary kiln is the host device of cement production.
Raw material is entered from high-end of kiln tail shell to the inner kiln shell for

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calcination. The inclination and slow rotation of kiln shell makes material roll along
circumferential direction and along axial direction from high end to low end. Through
decomposition, calcination, cooling and other technical process, the raw material is burnt
to cement clinker and then discharged from the low end of kiln shell and entered cooler.
The fuel is puffed from kiln head, burnt inside the kiln, and the heat giving out is
used to heat the raw material, to make the raw material calcine to clinker. The hot air
formed during the process of material heating exchange is entered from kiln feeding end
to kiln tail system, and then vent the gas by chimney.
2．Structural features
The rotary kiln is mainly consist of kiln shell, driving device, supporting device,
thrust roller device, kiln head sealing device, kiln tail sealing device, kiln hood and so
on. Please refer to structural diagram of rotary kiln.

（1）Kiln shell part

Kiln shell is the main body of rotary kiln, and it is rolled and welded by steel plate.
Kiln tail is obliquely installed many pairs of supporting rollers. The lower end of the kiln
shell is equipped with high temperature and abrasion resistant kilneye guard plate and
form sleeve space, and there is also air fan to cool for kilneye part. Several rectangle tyres
have been set along the direction of kiln shell length, which bears the weight of kiln shell,
kiln liner, material and other rotate parts, and spreads its weight to supporting device.
There’s floating washer under the tyre, you can adjust or change it according to the
clearance after operation, to gain the best clearance. The washer is used to enhance the
rigidity of kiln shell, to avoid kiln shell suffering abrasion due to relative sliding between
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tyre and kiln shell along circumferencial direction.
（2） bull gear device
Bull gear is fixed near the end part of kiln shell to transmit torque. The bull gear is
connected with kiln shell by spring plate, because this connecting structure can make
enough heat dissipation space between gear ring and kiln shell, and can also reduce kiln
shell bending deflection, besides it can damping and buffer, which is good to prolong the
life of kiln liner.
（3） driving device
3.1 driving mode：
a) Single drive：The driving system adopts single drive, and it is driven by a set of main
driving motor.
b) Double drive：The driving system adopts double drive, and they are driven two sets of
main driving motor. Two sets of transmission of the synchronization are achieved by
adjusting the electrical equipment, so two systems can bear even stress.
c) 3.2 motor
Except the small-scale rotary kiln can select Z2 series small-scale DC motor, the
others all select ZSN4 DC motor - specialized for rotary kiln. ZSN4 DC motor is designed
as per cement rotary kiln main drive working condition, with small size, light weight, high
efficiency, and good performance.
3.3 Reducer
It often selects hardened tooth-surface reducer for the reducer, because it has advanced
technology, small size and light weight.
3.4 Assembled spring coupler
Assembled spring coupler is used between pinion device and main reducer, because it
has good flexibility, can absorb some impact and can also compensate for the larger radial
deviation and axial stretch.
（4） Supporting device
Supporting device is an important part of rotary kiln. It carries the whole weight
of the rotating part of kiln shell, and has the positioning function on shell to make shell
and supporting roller rotate stably. Supporting device is Self-aligning sliding bearings
structure, with compact structure and light weight. It also configured lubricating oil
automatic heating and temperature control devices and measuring devices, which is
reliable and adaptable.
（5）thrust roller device
According to the stress condition and action principle of thrust roller, it is divided

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into mechanical signal thrust roller and hydraulic thrust roller.
a) Mechanical thrust roller: it is installed in pairs on the two sides of tyre near bull
gear, to restrict kiln shell movement in axial direction.
b) Hydraulic thrust roller：it is set on lower side of tyre near bull gear. Trust roller is
to force tyre and kiln shell reciprocate in certain speed and stroke along kiln centerline
direction on the supporting roller, which can make the tyre and supporting roller wear
evenly on the whole width to prolong lifetime.
（6） kiln head sealing device
Kiln head sealing device is the SM-type kiln head sealing device or the GP-type kiln
head sealing device, which can meet the working condition and the user’s requirements.
a) SM-type kiln head sealing device SM graphite is block radial contact and
labyrinth assembly sealing mode. It can compensate runout during kiln shell operation
automatically, and it has good sealing performance.
b) GP-type kiln head sealing device is steel sheet radial contact sealing mode. It can
compensate runout during kiln shell operation automatically, and it has good sealing
performance.
（7） kiln tail sealing device
a) QD-type kiln tail sealing device adopts cylinder compress endface contact, and the
whole sealing rings can bear the even stress and eliminate harmful effect caused by
installation and kiln shell flexivity. Besides, lubricating grease is fed into friction ring
contact surface to lubricate by electrical dry oil pump, with little friction, little abrasion
and good sealing.
（8） kiln hood
Kiln hood is welded by steel plate. It is located on kiln head operation platform by
the supporting legs on the two sides. Its lower part is connected with cooler. Inside the
kiln hood, there should be firebrick or heat resistant concrete. Two suspension movable
kiln door are set at outer endface of kiln hood, so as to easily get into kiln for repairing
and building kiln liner.

三 、Installation instructions
1. Preparatory work before installation
Before installation, please get familiar with drawing and the relative technical
documents and know the structure of equipments and technical requirements for erection.
Decide procedures and ways of mounting according to detailed condition. Prepare
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necessary mounting tool and equipments. Draw up working and erection program,
painstakingly design and carefully construct so as to accomplish the erection task quickly
of high quality.
During equipment inspection and acceptance, the erection company shall check
completeness and quality of pants of equipments. If it is found that the quality is not
enough or defects caused by transportation or storage, the erection company should inform
the relevant unit to try to supplement and solve the problem. For those important
dimensions might affect installation quality, check according to drawings and make
records, also in the meantime discuss with design institute for modification.
Before being installed, components shall be cleaned and removed from rust.
Drawings shall be familiar with so as to know their structure and avoid damaging
components. Also in advance check and make up serial numbers and marks for those
joined parts so as to prevent them from being mixed up and lost and affect assembly.
Dismantling and cleaning shall be done under clean circumstances. After cleaning, new oil
shall be smashed onto those parts needing anti-rusted. Quality of used oil shall be
conformed to stipulations on drawings. Then they shall be sealed properly so as to prevent
them from being polluted and rusted.
In the course of hauling-up and transporting components, all hauling-up equipments,
wire ropes, lifting hooks and other tools must have enough coefficient safety. Wire rope is
not allowed to have direct contact with working surfaces of parts and components.
Hauling look or eye screw on reducer and up cover of bearing and lift hole on supporting
roller shaft end shall be only used to lift themselves and not be permitted to be used to lift
the whole assembly unit. Special attention shall be paid on these relevant cases. While
horizontally transport parts and components, they shall be kept to be balanced. It is not
allowed to place them upside down or set upright. For sections of shell body, tire,
supporting roller and other cylindrical parts and components, they shall be tightly fixed
onto the crosstie support, then underneath support with rolling rod, and then haul with
cable winch. It is forbidden to haul it directly on the ground or on rolling rod.
In order to align girth gear ring and shell body, it would be necessary to turn the kiln.
Wire rope could be used to kind on the shell body and then turn it with cable winch. 20
tons shall be considered for circular force needed to turn the hollow shell body coefficient
of safety for selecting wire rope diameter shall not be less than 2. Wire rope shall be up to
being leaded out through pulley which is suspended on the hoist or ridge lifting support.
As friction to supporting roller bearing and bending moment born by shell body would be
minimum when pulling force is up. It would be better to use temporarily installed kiln
drive unit to turn kiln, and it would be good help to keep the speed even and shorten the
work time while auto-welding interfaces of shell body.
2．Check the foundation and mark the line：
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2.1 amend the drawing first
Measure the length of shell section, plus with jointing clearance and consider that
shrinkage of every couple joint welding will be about 2mm, then it will be the real size
between every two tires of kiln shell. Added with heat expansion, it will be the slope
distance between every two neighboring supporting units. Then calculate the horizontal
distance. After that amend sizes on the drawing.
2.2 According to the amended drawing to check the foundation:
According to the amended drawing to check the size of kiln foundation, particularly
the center distance of foundation. If it is not conformed to the drawing, the following
measures should be adopted. There would be no need to take any steps if the error
between distance size of two supporting units on the amended drawing and the center
distances between the relative two foundations is less than 5mm; if the error is 5～10mm,
it could be adjusted by enlarging or shrinking the joint surface clearance between shell
sections while assembly the kiln shell body; when the tolerance is more than 10mm,
besides adjusting joint surface clearance of shell sections, positions of supporting units
should be adjusted while fitting. According to the real size of shell body after adjustment,
re-amend oblique spacing dimension of all supporting device and calculate the horizontal
distance. Re-measure the dimensions of supporting roller and its bearings, correct the
elevation size or the supporting roller surface.
2.3 Mark the line of foundation
Firstly draw the axial centerline of kiln foundation on the foundation surface, and its
tolerance should be no more than 0.5mm. And draw the level datum line on the side of
foundation (it would be best if it is 1m above the ground level), and its tolerance should
be no more than 0.5mm.
According to the measured and amended sizes, start from the foundation which has
supporting unit to the two ends, in order to get the horizontal central distance of all
foundations. Horizontal central distance tolerance of neighboring foundations should be
not more than 1.5mm; but the central distance of the head and end foundations for
supporting Ⅲ is 3mm, for supporting ⅣⅤⅥ are 6mm.
1.1 Set elevation marks
In order to make it easy for settlement and inclination of foundation later, elevation
boards supplied with equipment shall be embedded with the height about 1m to the
ground during casting the foundation. As illustrated in Fig.1 and Fig.2, four marks shall
be embedded for one foundation. Their position should be as close as they can to four
angular and layout to corresponding positions. After casting, mark the level and vertical
line of the same elevation on the board, then weld elevation iron onto it. Be sure to keep
the up edge of elevation iron to be pressed on the level mark line.
As far as possible to file or turning head of elevation bolt so as to keep head up
surfaces of elevation bolts every foundation to be totally on the same level. To minimum,
4 elevation bolt heads up surfaces of same foundation shall be kept to have same level.
Then fill values of these elevation and height of bolt head into the table as illustrated in
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 Fig.1 for keeping as file for reference. Last verification on elevation shall be done
including brick and fill the table to give the owner. After that the owner could
periodically or when it is necessary to check changing conditions of these elevations.
With calculation of shell body to know settlement and inclination of every foundation so
that it would be good for alignment and adjustment of kiln.

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3．Installation of supporting device
Erection of the supporting unit, whether the kiln shell body centerline is
kept in one straight line or not depends on the attached to erect the

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supporting units.
3.1 Assembly of supporting rollers
When assembling the sliding bearing of supporting roller, series of bearing seat,
spherical bush and lining tile should be checked. Assemble it only after they are proved to
be of the same number.
Contact angle between lining bush and journal of supporting roller should be between
60°-75°. By the way of painting with colors to check the contact points between lining
bush and supporting roller journal, every square centimeters should be no less than 1-2
points; contact points between spherical bush and bearing base should not be less than 1-2
points per 2.5×2.5cm2; contact points between spherical bush and lining bush should not
be less than 1-2 points per 2.5×2.5cm2 . Use plug gauge to check the two ends of lining
bush and journal, side clearance should be kept between (0.001-0.0015) d (d is shaft
diameter). If it doesn’t meet the above mentioned requirements, then it should be scrapped.
Only when the above work is finished, could start up erection. Roller bearing assembly
requirements of JB-ZQ4000.9-36 “General Technology Condition for Assembly” could be
used as reference to assembly the supporting roller for roller bearings.
3.2 Mounting of supporting roller group
3.2.1When mount the supporting roller, first to find out the right center position, center
cross line of base should be aimed at that of foundation.
The two supporting rollers longitudinal centerline to the base longitudinal centerline
should be equal and conformed to the sizes on the drawing, the permitted tolerance should
not be more than 0.5mm. The horizontal centerline should be coincide with that bade and
the permitted tolerance is 0.5mm and in the meantime the two sides movement of
supporting roller should be kept equal.
3.2.2 Use slope gauge to check the slope of supporting roller surface, slopes of every
supporting roller surface should be the same and the allowed error shouldn’t be over
0.05mm/m. The top surface center points connecting line of the two rollers on one
supporting unit should be in level and the permitted tolerance should not be more than
0.05m/m. If it is over the tolerance then put bearing plate under the bearing base to adjust
it.
3.2.3 Fix bearing group of supporting roller onto the aligned supporting roller shaft of the
seat. Thrust ring of high end (near to the feed end) shall contact with the end of lining tile.
2mm clearance (or according to clearance required on the drawing) shall be left as
illustrated on Diagram 3. In the meantime, distances from two supporting roller rim side
high ends to horizontal centerline shall be equal and allowed tolerance shall be 0.5mm as
illustrated in Diagram 3.
3.3 Carefully re-check the following items after finishing mounting of every group of
each supporting rollers:
3.3.1 Measure the midpoint elevation at top surface of each supporting rollers, all
elevation differences of each supporting units should be equal with central height
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difference on the upper surface of all bases. Allowed error of two neighboring groups of
supporting rollers elevation should not be more than 0.5mm. The permitted tolerance of
the head and end groups of supporting rollers level shouldn’t be more than the following
value: For short kiln of support Ⅲ is 1mm, support Ⅳ is 1.5m, for support Ⅴ and
above this is 2mm.
3.3.2 Check all the supporting rollers top surfaces to see whether they are even and to the
level in a slope of sin which is stipulated in the drawing. If there is tolerance with the
elevation or the slope, then it should be adjusted by slightly raising up or lowering the
base until it meets the requirements of the drawing.
Secondary casting shall be done when all supporting units have been aligned.
Before casting, sizing blocks under the base shall be spot welded onto the seat so as to
prevent them from losing and coming off. Casting shall be continuous and completed in
one time. Inside of the seat shall also be fully cast and tamped with vibrating pump. Those
heads of reinforced steel exposed on the foundation shall be spot welded onto the seat so
as to make secondary concrete to be well combined with the existing foundation and seat.
4 Shell body welding and mounting：
4.1 Preparation：
4.1.1 Clear burr, fin, oil, rust and other contaminants off the joints of kiln shell sections.
Preliminary assemble them together on the ground according to the interface codes. Check
all the devices on kiln shell, such as: man-hole, suspended position of wet process kiln and
other angular positions to see if they meet the requirements of drawing or not.

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4.1.2 Inspect two sides of each shell section, allowance error of its circular length is not
more than o.2%D ( D stands for internal diameter of shell body) and not more than 7mm.
On this section, the difference between Dmax and Dmin is φ=Dmax-Dmin ≦o.2%D. If
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the error of “φ”could not meet the requirements, it should be rectified.
4.1.3 Measure the internal diameter of tyre and outer diameter of kiln shell body after
adding bearing plate, and then calculate its clearance to see if it meets the requirements of
drawing.
4.2 Assembly and alignment the shell body:
Order of assembly the shell body sections should be decided by on site conditions. In
order to keep range of alignment to be 2-4mm for clearances of shell section, 16 pieces of
square steel plates of 100mm should be inserted on the interface. The steel plates must be
evenly distributed along the circumference. In the meantime, the position of tyre on the
supporting rollers should be nearly the same as it is indicated on the drawing at cool state.
Use head and end tires at shell center as foundation, the straightness of shell body
center line is: bull gear and shell body center on other tire isφ=4mm, shell body center on
other parts isφ=12mm
Shell walls of every section jointing parts should be lined up by straightedge, and the
max alignment tolerance on any part of circumference should not be more than 2mm.
Please see Fig. 4.
It shall be especially pointed out: It would be appropriated to measure and align the
shell body before sunrise as shell body might be deformed under strong and continuous
sun shine.
4.3 shell body welding：
Welding of shell body is one of the important works during the erections of rotary
kiln, following items need more attention.
4.3.1 Welders must be skilled and only when proved by examination could they do the
work.
4.3.2 According to the site conditions, the welding of shell body: inner part could use
hand welding to seal the bottom and the outside part could adopt auto weld or manual
weld. Q235-B and 20g steel plates, welding wire should be used whose quality is nearly to
that of 08A wire, when it is welded by hand, welding rod whose quality is nearly to that of
T507 should be adopted and before use, it should be dried for 2 hours under the
temperature of 250℃.
4.3.3 Shell body joints must be kept clean and dry and those iron plates used to keep
clearances of joints should be removed one after another while welding but they couldn’t
be removed at the same time.
4.3.4 No other job can be done on the kiln while welding the shell body.
4.3.5 Stop welding when it is raining, windy and snowing. When weld under conditions
of low temperature ( below 5 ℃ ), groove should be preheated before welding and heat
reserved after welding. If the shell is shone by the sun and it would causes temperature of
positive and negative sides to be quiet different and make shell body to be bent. Only
when the sun has set, could start welding. If one side of shell bent by heat radiation while
the shell is in production, it should be protected from heat insulation by asbestos plates.
4.3.6 Between every welding layer, the lighting and extinguishing arc points should not
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be overlapped. External appearance of welding seam should not have defects of undercut,
abscess, gas holes, cracks and etc. Ray flaw detection should be taken on the cross part of
longitudinal and girth welding seams and also on those area, which the welder is not sure
of welding. Quality of the welding seam should meet the requirements of Ⅲ grade in
GB3323. If not, then it should be done over again.
4.3.7 After the welding of shell body is finished, check the distance between width center
of tyre and that of supporting roller, it should be conformed to the cool size on drawing.
The allowance error is 5mm. Tire and its two sides of retaining rings should be tightly
contacted.

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5 Installation of transmission unit：
After the kiln shell assembled into a whole part, it is better to install transmission unit
and temporarily fix it, so as to make use of transmission unit, which can rotate the shell to

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carry out alignment and welding. The installation of transmission unit must meet the
following requirements:
5.1Longitudinal seam used to fix the girth gear on the shell should be smoothened by
abrasion wheel, and it should be l00 ㎜ wider than the spring board.
5.2The tolerance of girth gear outer round radial runout and endface runout are all 1.5 ㎜.
5.3 Pay attention to the installation direction of spring pulling board. When the kiln is
running, spring pulling board can only bear the tension. When connection fitting bolt of
girth gear and spring pull board is installed, yoke plate of one side between washer and
spring pull board should stuff 0.3 ㎜ gasket, tighten the nut with channel, fix cotton pin,
and then remove the gasket, to keep the clearance of 0.3 ㎜.
5.4When fix the base of driving unit, its horizontal direction should be decided as per kiln
centerline, its axial direction should be decided as per girth gear centerline, its surface
elevation should be decided base elevation with thrust roller supporting device, and its
surface inclination should be the same as the base inclination of supporting unit.
5.5 Use the girth gear as datum to install the pinion. Its position size should be confirmed
to the requirements of drawing and the permitted tolerance is ±2mm. Use slope gauge to
align the inclination, when the kiln has coolly rotated for one week, bottom clearance
between pinion and girth gear should be 0.25mn+(2-3) mm, (mn stands for gear modules).
After it is put into use, when kiln body reaches normal temperature, tip clearance should
not be less 0.25mn.
Check the engagement of the girth gear and pinion, engaged area along girth height is
more than 40% and along the gear length 50%.
5.6 The coaxial tolerance of main reducer low speed shaft and pinion axial is 0.2mm. On
the axial hole section of reducer, measure its horizontal straightness error, its axial degree
of inclination tolerance should not be more than ±0.05mm/m.
6 Installation of other parts of kiln must be conformed to the requirements in drawings.
7 Requirements of laying refractory bricks: Please see details in “ Use Instructions of
Refractory Materials for Cement Rotary Kiln.”
7.1 Requirements of laying refractory bricks：
7.1.1 Specifications and quality of refractory bricks must be conformed to the
requirements.
7.1.2 Handle with care when transport refractory bricks. Casting bricks is forbidden to
prevent it from being damaged.

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7.1.3While laying, bricks lacking of edges and corners, with cracks or the shape is not
conformed to the requirements and not well burned should be forbidden to use.
7.1.4 According to the kinds, types, grades and different tolerance grades of bricks to store
and prevent it from raining and moisture.
7.2 Notice and requirements of laying bricks:
7.2.1 Contents, particulars and mixed proportion of the clay should be conformed to
requirements. Clay must be evenly mixed and used up within two hours.
7.2.2 At last, lines for inserting bricks should not be less than two lines and thickness of
inserted bricks should not be less than 3/4 of original size. If the clearance is less than 1.5
times of the designed thickness of bricks, Insert brick with upside down is forbidden.
7.2.3 In one section of brick laying area, every line of laid bricks should be of the same
grade, thickness and tolerance (0-2 0r 0-+2).
7.2.4 When the refractory bricks are laid, the longitudinal brick seam should be parallel
with kiln centerline and girth brick seam must be perpendicular to kiln centerline.
7.2.5 Surface of the laid refractory bricks should be leveled and error of the two adjacent
bricks should not be more than 3mm. Brick to brick must be tightly jointed and there
should be no clearance, lacking of serum and looseness.
7.2.6 Normally the brick seam is 2.5mm, and it must be checked by 15×2.5 (Width×
thickness) plug gauge. Depth of insertion into brick seam should not be more than 20mm.
Within every 5 square meters on 10 check points, not more than 3 points surpass the
stipulated brick seam. For brick seam over 3mm, iron sheet should be used to insert
tightly.
7.3 Notice of laying bricks in freezing season:
7.3.1 Place for store refractory bricks must be raised up and covered by waterproof cloth
to prevent them from being immersed by ice and snow.
7.3.2 On working place, it should have heating equipment and thermal insulating
facilities to keep the temperature to be not less than +5℃. Even if stop working or have
holidays, heat preservation should not be broken off. Refractory clay should be mixed
with hot water and while laying bricks, brick seams should be kept from freezing.
7.4 Dry of kiln liner:
Temperature should be strictly controlled while drying the kiln. Rising of the kiln
temperature should be stable, step by step and it should be even-distributed. It should be
kept about 250 ° ～ 300 ° .Time for kiln drying could be prolonged for 10-20%. In the
course of drying kiln, rotate kiln in time according to kiln temperature to prevent high
temperature from appearing on some areas. If the firebricks found loose and fallen off
inside kiln, stop to repair and then go on drying.
四、Operation, Maintenance and repair
To operate, maintain and repair rotary kiln correctly will prevent failure of equipment,
prolong safety operation period of rotary kiln, extend equipment use life, reduce power

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and auxiliary materials consumption. Therefore great importance shall be attached to
operation and maintenance of rotary kiln.
1 test run of rotary kiln：
1.1 Before having test run, check foundation level to see if it is changed, bolts on every
part have been tightened, and every lubricating point have been filled full with lubricating
oil or grease. Before rotating kiln, supporting rollers which use slide bearings should be
poured one layer of oil with oilcan on to the supporting roller journal. Inspect revolving
part to see whether it is blocked up and every cooling water pipeline is smooth. Only when
every part is checked to be in good conditions, start to have test run.
1.2 Before the whole unit of kiln have test run, every machine should have test run
separately. Race the motor for 2 hours and reducer for 8 hours (4 hours driven by main
motor). Record the electrical current, rising of temperature and listen whether there is any
abnormal sound.
1.3 Time for kiln shell body test run before laying bricks should not be less than one day
(continuous hour). And it is required to have the following inspections:
1.3.1 Check lubrication condition of every part, rising of temperature, electric current and
also check if there is oil-leaking. Raising of temperature normally should not be more than
30℃ and load of motor should be over 15% of the rated power.
1.3.2 Check transmission unit to see if there are any abnormal noise of vibrating,
impacting, and etc, whether the engagement of girth ring and pinion is normal or not.
1.3.3 If the engagement of types and supporting rollers are normal or not and clearance
between thrust ring on supporting roller shaft and lining bush on supporting roller is
normal or not.
1.3.4 Sealing unit on the two ends of kiln shell body and air-blowing units of some sealing
structures are in good conditions or not while operating. Excessive clearance of
air-leakage is not allowed.
1.3.5 Bolts on every part are loosening or not
1.4 After laying bricks, test run of kiln shell body should be taken at the same time when
drying kiln. And at this time following inspection work should be done.
As the weight of kiln increased, check temperature rising of every oil tank, it should
not be more than 35℃. Temperature raising of bearing should not be over 40℃, load of
motor should not be over 25% of the rated power. In particular, check the adjustment of
supporting roller to see if it is right e.g. if the engagement of supporting roller and type
surface is even and etc. Other inspection items are the same as that of test run before
laying bricks.

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2 The maintenance of normal operation of rotary kiln
First, well adjust and maintenance supporting roller device, that is to
say, find out the state the supporting roller located in, so it is
necessary to observe operation state of supporting roller. Determine
stress condition of supporting roller and contact condition between the
supporting roller and the tyre, it can also be done by wire testing way.

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2.1 wire testing way:
This method requires surface of supporting roller to be even and
smooth. While testing, put the lead wire between tyre and supporting
roller illustrated as Fig. 5(a). Through analyzing of rolling form of the
lead wire, it would be better if it is fuse whose diameter is about 2mm,
could judge the engagement of supporting roller and tyre and also stress
condition. And it can also decide the centerline of kiln shell body is
straight or bent.
Supporting base in Fig.5(b) is supporting roller to be totally
paralleled down. The surface pressure is evenly distributed on the full
width of supporting roller, shape the pressed lead wire is rectangles.
If all supporting rollers are adjusted to this degree, then the kiln would
move downward with its own sliding gravity while the kiln is operating.
Whereas supporting base Ⅱand Ⅲ is axial line of supporting roller has
cut an angle which is relatively to the kiln centerline. At this time,
distribution of engaging surface pressure is that pressure on the center
point is the biggest and shape of the pressed lead wire is like prism.
If rotating direction of kiln is like the illustrated drawing, then
supporting base Ⅱ would push the kiln down to the low end, whereas
supporting base Ⅲ would push the kiln up to the high end.
The max supporting roller engaging surface pressure of supporting base
Ⅳ appeared on the high end, shape of the pressed lead wire is like triangle,
but axial line of supporting roller on horizontal plane has not cut an angle
which is relative to the kiln centerline, therefore it is not tending to push
the kiln to move axially.
For supporting base Ⅵ, axial line of supporting roller on horizontal
plane has cut an angle which is relative to the kiln centerline, the pressed
lead wire is also shaped as triangle. For supporting base Ⅴ , the max
supporting roller engaging surface pressure appears on the high end and it
push kiln down to the low end; whereas, for supporting base Ⅵ, it appears
on low end, then it would push the kiln to the up end.
Lead wire testing method could not only measure the engagement of
supporting roller and tyre, but also could analyze it its load-bearing and
whether the kiln axial line has bent horizontally or longitudinal and where
the value of eccentric angle is the biggest.
Testing method and procedure are as follows:
Firstly on the circumference, divide the tyre into three equal parts (or
more) and number them. Parts of same number should be on one of the kiln shell
generatrix. Even up the prepared lead wire that is a little bit wider than
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the supporting roller and put it into the numbered tyre. Fill parameters of
the pressed lead wire into the table illustrated as Form 5(c). According to
the parameters recorded in the form to draw broken line with pressed lead
wire width as ordinate and tyre girth equal length as abscissa. Then analyze
as per parameters of the form. For example, the installation of base Ⅰ
supporting roller is totally to be paralleled to the kiln centerline, and
it is found that back force on “Ⅰ” supporting base is very small. Supporting
base Ⅱindicates under the tyre is a little bit slope and it could be observed
that all the supporting rollers are tending to move up to the high end,
therefore it is known that the kiln is pushed to move to the low end. Width
of the lead wire pressed under the right and left supporting roller are all
most the same, therefore they bear the same force. Compared to width of the
lead wire pressed by the neighboring supporting roller, width of the lead
wire pressed by “Ⅲ” supporting base is very big, positions of the left
and right rollers of it is very much closer to the kiln centerline, and it
could also see the Max bending points are two. Left supporting roller of
supporting base Ⅳ turns a little bit upwards to the high low end and pushes
kiln to move up to the high end; Whereas the right supporting roller is also
a little bit bent upwards to the high end and moves down to the high end and
it is tending to tend to push the kiln to move downwards. Besides this, it
could also be observed the Max bending points of kiln shell body are two.
According to the above-analyzed result, it would be very easy to draw the
position diagram of supporting roller and it is known where the Max bending
point of the kiln shell body locates. If it is needed to accurately determine
the supporting roller position on the Max bending point, then divide the tyre
into six equal parts, add testing points between 1-2, 2-3, 3-1. Take the lead
wire pressed by the right supporting roller of “Ⅱ” supporting base as an
example, it could be found that the Max. bending point is between 3-1 (see
Fig.5(a))
2.2 Adjustment of rotary kiln supporting roller fitted with mechanically
thrust roller:
Adjustment of supporting roller is one of the important work when maintain
rotary kiln. In the course of rotary kiln operating, sometimes the kiln shell
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body would travel up and down. If the movement is not very big, then it could
be adjusted by pouring lubricating oil of different stickiness. When the kiln
shell body travels downward, pour lubricating oil with little stickiness,
to make the kiln body move upward. If the kiln shell body travels upward, then
pour the lubricating oil with bigger stickiness and make the oil film to become
thicker so as to eliminate frictions between supporting roller and tyre,
therefore make the kiln body to travel downward.
If the up & down movement of kiln body is too big, then according to the
traveling direction of the kiln shell body (see Fig. 6),determine the
reversing direction of supporting roller and then screw the top wire of
supporting roller bearing base so as to achieve the goal of adjustment.

While adjusting supporting roller, following items should be noticed:

2.2.1 Adjustment of the supporting roller normally should start from couples
of supporting rollers on the kiln feed end and as far as possible to keep
the centerlines of every supporting rollers on kiln discharge end near
sintering zone to be paralleled to kiln shell body centerline and avoid to
adjust from the mid-kiln girth gear and group of supporting rollers on kiln
head.
2.2.2 Adjustment of supporting roller should be done while the kiln shell
body is rotating. Each time, the top wire is only allowed to rotate 30°
-60° so as to make it to be appropriately step by step.
2.2.3 Twisting angle of supporting roller centerline is not allowed to be
over 30°. Twisting directions of every groups of supporting rollers should
not arise as Fig. 7, it should be like that is illustrated in Fig.8. Positions
of every group supporting roller axial lines must be as illustrated in Fig.9
and should not be like what is illustrated in Fig. 10.
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2.2.4 The supporting roller which is with Max force-bearing should not be
used to do the adjustment, otherwise it would be easy to cause accident. And
tyre and axle of supporting roller would also be easily damaged.

2.3 Adjustment of rotary supporting roller fitted with hydraulically thrust

roller:

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 Rotary kiln fitted with hydraulically thrust roller requires the axial
line of supporting roller is totally paralleled to the kiln shell body
centerline, therefore when use lead wire testing way, the pressed lead wires
are all to be rectangular strip of equal width. It could be known that the
bearing force of each supporting roller as per the wire width that the left
and right supporting rollers pressed. To those who bear excessive force the
supporting roller should be moved far away from the centerline and on the
contrary, it must be moved to the direction of kiln head centerline. The
parallel movement is not allowed for any vary in amount of the two bearings
on the same of the supporting roller, or any reverse adjustment. Because kiln
shell body is totally to be paralleled to the kiln centerline, kiln shell
body is always tending to sliding down with gravity effect and permanently
set the tyre on the hydraulic thrust retaining roller would force the kiln
shell body to move once up and down according to the anticipated period
(normally every 2-8 hours) so as to efficiently guarantee even wear between
tyre and supporting roller and greatly eliminate the amount of work for
adjusting supporting roller.
The up & down movement of the hydraulic thrust roller depends on that
it could guarantee on the direction of the whole width of supporting roller,
it has the chance to contact with tire so as to prevent it from wearing grooves
on the surface of supporting roller. Adjustment of travel is assured by
adjusting position of limited switch.
2.4 Daily maintenance during operation:
2.4.1 Every part of transmission system and thrust roller must be checked
regularly (every hour). If it is found that there is noise, vibration, heating
and other abnormal conditions, fix it in time.
2.4.2 Check engagement and wear between tyre and supporting roller to see
if it is even, and if the force-bearing is excessive and the surface is carved
and pocked.
2.4.3 According to the relative displacement in one circle of revolution
between tyre and its washer to determine the clearance and its wearing
condition. Notice if there are cracks on the welding part of washer.
2.4.4 Every shift check foundation bolts and fixed bolts of transmission
bottom plate and supporting unit, if it is loose, screw tightly immediately.
2.4.5 Check the foundation to see if it is vibrating and subsiding.
2.4.6 Check sealing frictional ring on kiln end and sealing unit on kiln head
to see if they are well sealed and seriously worn and torn.
2.4.7 Once every hour check the temperature and lubrication of supporting

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roller bearing and observe the clearance between thrust ring and lining bush
to see if it is on the right state.
2.4.8 Once a week check and operate the auxiliary transmission (but don’t
connect clutch) so as to assure if the main power suddenly broken off, it
could start up successfully.
2.4.9 Regularly check the temperature of kiln shell (especially the sintering
zone) and keep the temperature of cement kiln body below 380℃.The kiln of
other types should also keep below prescribed temperature.
2.4.10 Work of maintenance should be closely incorporated with kiln monitor
and they should constantly get in touch with each other.
2.5 Abnormal conditions and trouble-shooting:
2.5.1 Any supporting rollers axial lines should be on the right position,
otherwise it should be adjusted by the way of adjust supporting roller.
2.5.2 If it is found that the foundation is subsiding, lower the speed of
kiln and report to the leader to study and fix.
2.5.3 When the main power is suddenly broken up, immediately use the auxiliary
transmission unit to operate the kiln.
2.5.4 Flame is not allowed to directly contact with the refractory bricks.
If “red kiln” is found (normally it is said to be caused by refractory bricks
dropping off or being worn to be thinner), stop the kiln immediately and repair.
Vulcanizing is not allowed.
2.5.5 When the tyre is found to be taken off from the supporting roller, report
immediately and find out the reason, then adjust it carefully.
2.5.6 Reasons for supporting roller and tire surface worn to be polygon.
2.5.6.1 Engagement of transmission gear is not right or gear teeth are heavily
worn out and causes impaction.
2.5.6.2 Supporting roller axial line is not paralleled to the kiln centerline.
2.5.6.3 It is owing to slope of supporting roller and uneven wear of bush, or
when the bush is worn unevenly, only replaced one bush.
2.5.6.4 Sliding and uneven surface wear appeared between tyre and supporting
roller.
2.5.6.5 Foundation is subsiding or not firm and cause vibration.
2.5.6.6 The supporting roller and tire surface are not well-lubricated and
over worn and caused the supporting base to move longitudinally.
2.5.6.7 The supporting roller and tyre’s material quality is uneven or have
structural defects so that they would be worn to be grooves on soft area and
wedges or corners on hard area.
2.5.6.8 Eliminate the causes of over wear, if it is slightly worn, after

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eliminate the causes, it could be automatically ground to be level, but when
it is worn heavily, it should be fixed by turning.
2.5.7 If the sampling hole is blocked up, it is permitted to clear it with
iron stick or steel pipe.
2.5.8 If it is difficult to start-up after short period of stoppage, it may
be caused by not in time to operate kiln at low speed and the kiln centerline
bent, if the bent is not too big, rotate the kiln to 180°.Put the bent part
of shell body upward and heat it. If the temperature is higher, the kiln must
be revolved for a few circles and make the bent part stop upward, repeatedly
doing it until the bent part recovers to normal shape. If it is bent heavily,
mass repair is suggested for treatment.
2.6 Notice of safety:
2.6.1 Any repair should be done only after stopping the kiln and “No Start!”
mark must be hung on the switch of electric motor.
2.6.2 During operation, hand and other things are not allowed to be stretched
into the inner parts of bearing, reducer and girth gear housing to repair,
check and wash, and facility for safety protection shouldn’t be removed.
2.6.3 Near the rotary parts, it is not allowed to bind the rag onto hand or
finger to wipe the outward appearance of machine. Pay attention not to let
the wiping material to be twined round the rotary parts.
2.6.4 Work clothes must be tightly tied so as to prevent clothes corners and
sleeves from being bound by rotary part of machine components and cause
personal injury accident.
2.6.5 Repair tool and parts should not be put on the rotary components
especially on the supporting roller.
2.6.6 Inspection glass must be used while monitoring kiln. Direct observation
is not allowed and the hole should be closed while not watching.
2.6.7 Before operating the kiln, it should have strict inspection and be sure
that there is nobody in the kiln and after giving out warning signal, the
kiln can be start up.
3 Stoppage and Inspection:
During production, sometimes it is necessary to stop kiln for a short
term inspection and repair, even if times of kiln stoppage should be decreased,
but it could not be avoided. No matter it is long-term kiln stoppage or
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short-term kiln stoppage, before stopping, connect with all the relative
production posts.
3.1 Short-term kiln stoppage:
Just after stopping the kiln, it is on the heating state, If it is not
very often to rotate the kiln shell, then the kiln center line would be very
easy to be bent. Keeping the kiln center line from being bent is very important
and needs cautions, Therefore we suggest:
Within 1st hour after kiln stoppage, every 5-10 minutes, operate the kiln
for 1/4 revolution.
Within 2nd hours after kiln stoppage, operate the kiln for 1/4
revolution every 15-20 minutes.
Within 3rd hours after kiln stoppage, operate the kiln for 1/4 revolution
every 30 minutes.
3.2 Long-term kiln stoppage and inspection:
3.2.1 After kiln stoppage, rotate the kiln according to the above-mentioned
stipulated period until it is totally cooled down then people could enter
into the kiln.
3.2.2 While stopping kiln and put out fire, draw air nozzle out, and according
to conditions of inspection requirements, discharge part or whole materials
out of the kiln.
3.2.3 After kiln stoppage, following items should be inspected:
3.2.3.1 Cooling water of every part has already been discharged out.
3.2.3.2 Check every wear surface, clearance between axle and bush, clearance
between girth gear and pinion and etc.
3.2.3.3 Check all the joint bolts to see if they are loosening or damaged,
especially the joint bolt of girth ring, and also if there are cracks on
welding seams of kiln shell and bottom plate.
3.2.3.4 Check whether the lubricating oil of every lubricate points need to
be replaced, washed or filled up. If it is necessary to replace, first
discharge the stored oil out, clear it, then refill the new oil.
3.3 Start-up & stoppage of auxiliary transmission
When the main electricity is broken off and main motor couldn’t be
operated, in order to prevent shell from being bent and need rotating the
kiln then the auxiliary transmission could be used. Besides this, the
auxiliary transmission will also be used for requirement and intend to rotate
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the kiln onto certain position and stop for repairing. It should be pointed
out that while using auxiliary transmission, as the kiln speed is very low,
oil spoon of supporting roller sliding bearing would form indirect
lubrication, so it should be better if it is not used for long period of
time(not over half an hour),otherwise, it would be heating or the power would
rise up, even when the bush appeared to have drying kiln, and produce sound
of striking, If it must be continuously used, pay close attention to the
lubrication of every supporting roller bearings, artificially pouring oil
onto the journal at certain period of time and in the meantime, notice raising
of the temperature of the main reducer bearing.
Operation of start-up
3.3.1 When it changes to be auxiliary drive from main drive:
At first stop main motor, switch on auxiliary power (in the meantime
electric interlock device will break up main power source); then close-up
clutch on the output shaft of auxiliary reducer by hand. If angular gear
position on the clutch is not appropriate, turn couplings of auxiliary motor
by hand for alignment. Only when the clutch of auxiliary transmission is
confirmed to well jointed, working face of angular gear has been well
connected (clearance is not allowed) and meanwhile handle contact board of
angular gear clutch has already switched on the switch auxiliary motor, could
it be start-up, and the handle shall be fixed by special spring pin.
3.3.2 Operation of stoppage while stop use the auxiliary transmission
Switch off the clutch, change power to main motor, at this time the
electrical interlock system will break up auxiliary power source, then later
on it could started-up by main transmission, it shall be pointed out that
please don’t operate clutch while the kiln is running, Close-up of clutch
shall all enter into the position of engagement, and fully come off from
contract while switch off. While it is on these two limit positions, it shall
be fixed with spring pins. It shall not be moved unless stir with hand.
4 Lubricating & cooling:
Another important work of maintaining rotary kiln is every moving parts

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of rotary kiln should be well lubricated so as to prolong the using life of
parts and reduce the expenses of repair.
For rotary kiln lubricating points and lubricants, please see table 1
Pay attention to the following items while lubricating rotary kiln:
4.1 Lubricating oil and grease should be used correctly, while use substitute,
it must be conformed to the requirements of the stipulated oil qualities
and features. And only use the oil with strong stickiness to replace the
oil with small stickiness.
4.2 When the new kiln continuously operates for 400-500 hours, after the gear
is well engaged to the bush, oil must be totally drained out. Clean the oil
pan and fill it with new oil. After that every 6 months is as a period to
replace with new oil.
4.3 Once every shift, check the oil level. If the oil level dropped down to
the lower limit of oil level indicator graduation, then it should be filled
with oil right away until it raise to the upper limit of oil level indicator
graduation.
4.4 If it is oil leaking, immediately fix it and if the leaking oil flows
down to the foundation, it should be handled in time so as to prevent the
foundation from being corroded.
4.5 When the kiln stopped for long time, before start-up, use oil can to pour
oil on the oil pan of supporting roller sliding bearings, then to operate
it. When use auxiliary transmission to operate for long time, it must be
checked often and pour oil according to the requirements.
Workers who are maintaining the rotary kiln should also pay attention
to the cycle of cooling system of supporting roller bearing, use the water
flows from supporting roller into water channel to cool surface of the
supporting roller. Water level height of water channel could be controlled
by rotating the polyvinyl chloride(PVC) bend pipe. Regularly check the pipe
to see whether the water is continuously flowing out, when the kiln stopped
for long period of time or to be shut down in the winter, all cooling water
should be drained out so as to prevent it from freezing and expanding to be
checked. In order to discharge water from spherical bush, close the adjusting
value on the water outlet pipe for a moment, quickly revolve the T-value on

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water inlet to 90°to make it contact with atmosphere and then rapidly open
the adjusting value, the cooling water would naturally flow out with siphon
principle. If it is still not drained out, then it can be blown out by using
compressed air on the hole which T-value contacts with atmosphere.
Lubricating oil inside the main reducer normally is cooled and filtered
by the cooling filter in the reducer oil supply station. The cooling filter
could also be used to cool alone, so as to cool lubricating oil regularly.
5 Repair of the rotary kiln
During operation, parts of rotary kiln will be worn out as time goes by,
it will reduce the precision of equipment, and even affect the output of the
rotary kiln, therefore it should be repaired. According to the mount of repair,
it is classified into overhaul, medium repair and small repair. Work out the
repair plane according to operation and maintenance of rotary kiln, the main
ways to repair the rotary kiln is small and medium repair. These works will
be held while stopping the kiln to lay kiln liner. For medium repair, it would
be better to be separately to be 2～3 times during the period of laying kiln
lining. Only the transmission unit and reducer could be repaired after
finishing laying bricks, but it should be also be finished rapidly within
short term (e.g. 8～12hours). For overhauling, it would need long time (e.g.
10～12 days),and for this condition, all the worn parts of the kiln should
be replaced, check and adjust all the units of kiln
5.1 If the main parts of rotary kiln have been worn to the following extents
then they should be replaced and repaired:
5.1.1 Teeth thickness of the driven gear has been worn down 30%, or the flange
has been damaged and could not be repaired, it should be replaced or repaired.
5.1.2 There are cracks on kiln shell section or part of it is deformed, then
it needs to be replaced or repaired.
5.1.3 Tyre section has been worn 20% or surface has been worn to be cone and
polygon and part of it has penetrated cracks, then it needs to be replaced.
5.1.4 When diameters of the supporting roller and journal of retaining roller
have been worn out for 20% smaller or thickness of supporting roller flange
has been rubbed 25%, or it has been rubbed to be cone or other shapes, or
there are penetrated crackles on the wheel edge, it must be replaced or

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 repaired. While replacing the supporting roller and thrust roller, the
relative lining bush must be re-scrapped.

Table of Lubrication Items

Lubrication point Lubricate life cycle Remark

Norm
Replace al
Way of ment repl
Designed Alternative Fuel quantity a
Name lubricatio cycle for acem
trademark grade time
n the first ent
time cycl
e
220 Synthetic
Gear oil
Main Circular Extreme Pressure 0.5-
L-CKC320 600 Or consult the
1 driving lubricatio Industrial Gear 650L 0．75
（first-class） hours manufacturer
reducer n Oil（Q/SHG。 year
（GB5903-1995）
J02.137-2003）
220 Synthetic
Gear oil
Auxiliary oil Extreme Pressure
L-CKC320 500 2yea Or consult the
2 driving impregna Industrial Gear 10L
（first-class） hours r manufacturer
reducer tion Oil（Q/SHG。
（GB5903-1995）
J02.137-2003）
Oil
320 Synthetic
Supporti spoon Gear oil
Extreme Pressure 0．5-
ng continuo L-CKC320 600
3 Industrial Gear 420L 0．75
roller us （first-class） hours
Oil（Q/SHG。 year
bearing lubricat （GB5903-1995）
J02.137-2003）
ion
Extreme pressure Synthetic Fill inside the Once
lithium based lithium-based 600 rolling per
4 Oil cup
grease No.2 grease No.2 hours bearing and shif
（GB7323-1994） SH-T0380-1992 2/3 spacing of t
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 bearing upper
cover chamber
320 Synthetic
Gear
Thrust Extreme Pressure 0.5-
oilL-CKC460(first To oil marking
roller Industrial Gear 0.75
-class) line about 100L
bearing Oil（Q/SHG。 year
（GB5903-1995）
J02.137-2003）
Extreme pressure Synthetic
Pinion
lithium based lithium-based
unit Oil cup
grease No.2 grease No.2
bearing
（GB7323-94） SH-T0380-1992
continuo
Common Open Gear
us
Oil
lubricat KLUBER C-F3ULTRA
Bull 220(SH-T0380-92
ion with 600 1yea
5 gear and ) 165L
oil tank hours r
pinion
KLUBER
742 Open Gear
Spraying Grafloscon
Grease
C-SG0ULTRA
Tyre,
and
supporti
Continuo 0.25
ng Steelwork Waste
6 us graphite block -0.5
roller,t electrode
contact L
yre and
thrust
roller
Spra
y
No.4 high
Inner and Or supporting
temperature
surface KLUBER lubr roller bearing
Spraying grease（No.50 proper
7 of tyre Wolfracoat C icat waste oil added
high temperature quantities
and fluid e with 15-17#
grease）
washer once graphite
（ZBE36009-88）
a
day
Kiln
tail Extreme pressure Synthetic
Continuo 0.25
sealing lithium based lithium-based proper
8 us -0.5
device grease No.2 grease No.2 quantities
contact year
friction （GB7323-94） SH-T0380-1992
ring

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