INTRODUCTION

WEB TECHNOLOGIES:
Computers and other network devices need to communicate. A mechanism must make it
possible for a computer to communicate with another computer on the same network or
another network. The mechanism must ensure that a message moves from the sender to
the recipient, enable the receiver to retrieve the message and send feedback, and
acknowledge reception or failure of communication.
“Web technology provides a platform for effective communication among different
users and devices on a computer network.”

SOME EXAMPLES OF WEB TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDE:

Markup Languages:
Markup is used to in text and word processing documents to describe how a document
should look when displayed or printed. The Internet uses markup to define how Web pages
should look when displayed in a browser or to define the data contained within a Web
document.
There are many different types of markup languages. For example, Rich Text Formatting
(RTF) is a markup language that word processors use. This section describes the most
common markup languages that are used on the Internet.

HTML:
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. HTML is the primary markup language that is
used for Web pages. HTML tells the browser what to display on a page. For example, it
specifies text, images, and other objects and can also specify the appearance of text, such as
bold or italic text.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) defines the specification for HTML. The current
versions of HTML are HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.1.
DHTML stands for Dynamic HTML. DHTML combines cascading style sheets (CSS) and
scripting to create animated Web pages and page elements that respond to user
interaction.

CSS:
CSS stands for cascading style sheets. Cascading style sheets provide the ability to change
the appearance of text (such as fonts, colors, spacing) on Web pages. Using CSS, you can
also position elements on the page, make certain elements hidden, or change the
appearance of the browser, such as changing the color of scroll bars in Microsoft Internet
Explorer.
Cascading style sheets can be used similar to FrontPage Themes. For example, you can apply
a cascading style sheet across all the pages in a Web site to give the site a uniform look and
feel. Then all you need to do is to change the CSS style formatting in a single file to change
the look and feel of an entire Web site.

JavaScript :
JavaScript is an interpreted scripting language commonly used on the Internet for creating
Web pages that respond to user actions, such as when a user moves a mouse pointer over
an image or clicks a form button. Combined with HTML and CSS, JavaScript allows you to
create Dynamic HTML pages.
JavaScript is generally used for client-side scripting; as a result, users can easily view
JavaScript code along with the HTML code in a page. Although it may be used for server-side
scripting, JavaScript works best for visual animation (such as changing an image when a user
moves the mouse pointer over it) or for validating form fields.
Various browsers may implement the JavaScript scripting objects differently, but most
popular browsers support JavaScript.

PHP:
PHP stands for " Hypertext Preprocessor".It is a server side scripting language that is
embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking,
even build entire e-commerce sites.It is integrated with a number of popular databases,
including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server.
PHP supports a large number of major protocols such as POP3, IMAP, and LDAP. PHP4
added support for Java and distributed object architectures (COM and CORBA), making n-
tier development a possibility for the first time.
 XAMPP
XAMPP is a free and open source cross-platform web server solution stack package
developed by Apache Friends,consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MariaDB
database, and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming
languages.XAMPP stands for Cross-Platform (X), Apache (A), MariaDB (M), PHP (P) and Perl
(P).
It is a simple, lightweight Apache distribution that makes it extremely easy for
developers to create a local web server for testing and deployment purposes. Everything
needed to set up a web server – server application (Apache), database (MariaDB), and
scripting language (PHP) – is included in an extractable file.
XAMPP is also cross-platform, which means it works equally well on Linux, Mac and
Windows. Since most actual web server deployments use the same components as XAMPP,
it makes transitioning from a local test server to a live server extremely easy as well

Prerequisites
XAMPP requires only one zip, tar, 7z, or exe file to be downloaded and run, and little or
no configuration of the various components that make up the web server is required. The
Windows' version of XAMPP requires Microsoft Visual C++ 2017 Redistributable.

Features
XAMPP is regularly updated to the latest releases of Apache, MariaDB, PHP and Perl. It
also comes with a number of other modules including OpenSSL, phpMyAdmin, MediaWiki,
Joomla, WordPress and more. Self-contained, multiple instances of XAMPP can exist on a
single computer, and any given instance can be copied from one computer to another.
XAMPP is offered in both a full and a standard version (Smaller version).

Usage
Officially, XAMPP's designers intended it for use only as a development tool, to allow
website designers and programmers to test their work on their own computers without any
access to the Internet. To make this as easy as possible, many important security features
are disabled by default. XAMPP has the ability to serve web pages on the World Wide Web.
A special tool is provided to password-protect the most important parts of the package.
XAMPP also provides support for creating and manipulating databases in MariaDB and
SQLite among others.
Once XAMPP is installed, it is possible to treat a localhost like a remote host by
connecting using an FTP client. Using a program like FileZilla has many advantages when
installing a content management system (CMS) like Joomla or WordPress. It is also possible
to connect to localhost via FTP with an HTML editor.
 When your installation is complete, exit the command window by typing x on the command
line
 Start the XAMPP Control Panel.
 Start the Apache and MySQL components. You can also start the other components, if you
plan to use them.
 Verify the Apache install, by clicking on the Apache administrative link in the Control Panel.
 Verify the MySQL installation, by clicking on the MySQL administrative link
in the XAMPP Control Panel.
If the verification steps are successful, XAMPP should be successfully installed on your
PC. Open a browser and enter "localhost" on your address bar. You will be redirected to a
page telling you that you've successfully installed xampp on your system