Introduction

Faced with the stiffer economic competition and worried about future work forces, the former

President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III declared the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 or

K-12 Basic Education last 2015, for he believes that adding more years in basic education could

help to solve the problems of employment, and keep with global standards, and help Pilipino

students to have more time to choose the career that best and suits to their skills.

Psychologically speaking, the short education program affects human development of the

Pilipino children. Psychologist and educators says that children under 18 are generally not

emotionally prepared for entrepreneurship or employment or higher education. Commonly grade

sixpupils graduated in elementary at the age of 11-13 and graduated fourth year at the age of 15-

17 years old so therefore they are still considered as children and they still not capable to handle

a serious situation like decision making and work task.

So, the goal of K-12Basic Education Program is to create a functional Basic Education system

that will help to produce productive and responsible citizens equipped with an essential

competencies and skills for life – long learning and employment. This is also enhancing the basic

education system full functionality to fulfill the basic learning needs of a student.
 Many of the students and parents are favored about enhancing basic education and many of

them also is against by this, for a reason that K-12 is a wasting of time and money for the student

who can pursue their college. But how about for the student who can’t pursue their college?

Well, according to President Aquino having quality education as a long term is a solution to

poverty to achieve it has a twin following objectives: to give every students as opportunity to

receive quality education based on an enhanced and decongested curriculum that is

internationally recognized and comparable; Develop a curriculum that is rationally focus on

excellence; Produce a pool of highly qualified and inadequately trained teacher; Achieve high

academic standards; Produce graduates who globally competitive and whose credential are

recognized internationally to change public perception that high school education is a preparation

for college.

The first batches of Filipino student who go on through Grade 11 are the student who graduated

last 2015. In Dapitan City Zamboanga Del Norte, K-12 offered the new SHS (Senior High

School) system with the specific career tracks that is related to college courses. The Academic

Strand who offered:

ABM

STEM

HUMMS

GENERAL ACADEMIC

And TVL (Technical-Vocational-Livelihood) who offered:

Agri-Fishery

Industrial Arts

Information and Communication Technology or ICT

But this research focused only in TVL strand in SHS. What is the purpose TVL strand/track?

TVL (Technical-Vocational-Livelihood) is a track for a student that cannot pursue any degree

after SHS (Senior High School). It is strand that invests primarily skills that can gain a student a

requisite COCs (Certificate of Competency) and NCs (National Certificates) which would be

essential when looking for better career opportunities in agriculture, electronics, and trade. This

is also important for applying abroad where the skills that a SHS (Senior High School) student

gain would prepare them to join the workforce.

According to the Department of Education, TVL specializations may be taken between

Grades 9-12. Explanatory Subjects at 40 hours per quarter are taken during Grade 7 to 8.

TVL is a better option of a student who can’t take four years degree in college. Why?

Because in after 2 years of SHS (Senior High School) a student can earned employable skills and

will thus eligible to work.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 Psychologist and educators says that children under 18 are generally not emotionally prepared

for entrepreneurship or employment or higher education. Commonly grade six pupils graduated

in elementary at the age of 11-13 and graduated fourth year at the age of 15-17 years old so

therefore they are still considered as children and they still not capable to handle a serious

situation like decision making and work task. According to our former President Benigno S.

Aquino III “We need to add two years to our basic education, those who can afford pay up to

fourteen years of schooling before university. Thus, their children are getting into the best

universities and the best jobs after graduation. I want at least 12 years for our public school

children to give them an even chance at succeeding.”

And according to the DepEd K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic

education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of

Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop

lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development,

employment, and entrepreneurship.

According to Education Secretary Br. Armin A. Luistro [former Secretary], the new

curriculum is focused more on the learners and not on the teacher. Luistro said, “We are making

it a real learning experience for the students, meaning, it will be less on memorization and more

encouraging of critical thinking”.... Furthermore, Luistro explains, “It is important that our

learners develop that natural love for learning and not feel that it is something imposed on

them…we will reduce it to four hours to make education less stressful and more enjoyable.

Change is never easy, especially when it is about a big undertaking such as the implementation

of the new K-12 curriculum guide in the Philippines. It is high time, however, that we join the

rest of the world and improve the quality of our basic education system and our graduates.
 Students acquire in-depth knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes through continuity and

consistency across all levels and subjects. K-12 had a big help to our country the following are

some of reasons why K-12 is very important to today’s generation:

● Only country in Asia with 10 years of basic education – Before implementing K-12, the

Philippines was the last Asian country and one of only three nations in the world with 10 years of

basic education. The new system, which follows a global standard, will put Filipino students at

par with the rest of the world.

●Poor quality of education – Students’ low scores in the National Achievement Test (NAT) and

Trends in International Math and Science Study (TIMMS) are a reflection of the current quality

of education in the country.

●Too many non-practical subjects – Supported by the findings of the study performed by

SEAMEO INNOTECH, the country’s old curriculum was too congested and lacked practical

application. While students did not get enough instructional time to learn, they also missed the

chance to be prepared for actual professional work.

●Not prepared for college education – Due to lack of practical application, past high school

grads (in the old curriculum) could not qualify to pursue higher education.

●Too young for labor force – High school graduates of the old curriculum are generally less than

18 years old and are too young to work after graduation. This young age is deemed unripe for

them to enter the workforce or enter into business contracts.

●No global recognition – Filipino professionals who have finished a 10-year basic education

may not be acknowledged in many parts of the world. This is due to education requirements set

by some international accreditation agreements.

Livelihood tracks this track is a replacement for TESDA (Technical Educational and Skills

Authority). TVL offered courses that are what TESDA offered too. They offered the following:

Home Economics

Agri-Fishery

Industrial Arts

Information And Communication Technology or ICT

What is the advantage of TVL? According to an article that was posted on March 26, 2016

written by Bhenks TVL is ..

1. The TVL Track can get a student employed right after senior high school.

After 2 years of senior high TVL you’ll have earned employable skills and will thus be eligible

to work.

2. Not everyone CAN or WILL go to college.

Out of every 100 Grade 1 pupils, only 14 are able to go and finish college.

3. Not everyone SHOULD go to college.

As earlier mentioned, while college is always an attractive option, not everyone can or will go to

college. Nor should everyone go to college, apparently.

4. Lack of money is one of the top reasons students drop out of school.
A 1995 paper by Barsiaga (as cited in Nava, 2009) shows that most of school leavers come from

low-income families “whose parents had little or no education, and who were unemployed or had

jobs that gave them little or irregular income.“

Nava’s own study exploring the reasons primary and secondary school students leave school

yields specific reasons like work (especially for male respondents), no money for projects, no

money for school contributions, no pocket money for lunch, and no money for transportation.

5. The TVL Track provides preparation for the bulk of occupations OFWs hold abroad.

Approximately three quarters of the Filipinos abroad hold jobs for which the TVL track may

prepare you.

6. College graduates and professionals take TESDA certification training courses.

Why wait until after college to collect Certificates of Competency and National Certifications

that will make you more employable when you can get them now, while you’re in senior high?

7. There is a positive employment outlook for TVL track senior high school graduates.

8. There will be great demand for TVL Track senior high school graduates in Naga.

If you want to get a job in Naga right out of senior high school, consider the TVL track.

The TVL Track in senior high is a viable option, and it is an option no one must discount for the

8 reasons stated above. No one could have expressed it better than former TESDA Director

General Joel Villanueva when he said (with regards to technical vocational education and

training),
I know the idea of a college or university education is always appealing. But TVET is more -on,

and the path to a good job is shorter,

In TVL course the students can also acquire National Certificates (as what if stated above) in the

different levels in accordance and guidelines set by the DepEd and the TESDA, It also leads the

students to different part time jobs while completing their college degree, It is the best course for

them to know and observe different jobs in different industries.

Focusing on discovery and developing student’s skills is another goal of TVL program. The TVL

courses teach the students to have different combinations of skills to explore and acquire in 2

years,

Immersion as part of the TVL curriculum also allows the students to observe application of

skills in different industries which prepares them on how to apply their knowledge and practices

in real life situations. It also play important role to preparing our student towards so called TKN-

Trabaho-Kolehiyo-Negosyo.

Scope and Delimitation

This study is focuses about the variables of the study and the respondents of the bstudy. This

study conducted only Dapitan City Sy-2018 and this study covers about “Practical Skills of

Senior High School in Relate to Their Remedies in Tertiary Education”

Hypothesis
There is no difference between Technical Vocational Livelihood Tracks and other tracks when

studying according to the DepEd.

Significant of the Study

This study is beneficial to the following:

DepEd. This study is a manifestation of the extent of implementation of k-12 in some private and

public schools where this study was conducted.

Students. This study will help the student especially in a student taking-up TVL tracks to know

what the importance of TVL is.

School.The information that they may get in this study may be use as reference in emplementing

k-12 basic education especially TVL tracks.

Definition of Terms

For the common frame of understanding of the terms used in the study, the following key terms

are operationally and textually defined:

Deparment of Education-(abbreviated as DepEd; Filipino: KagawaranngEdukasyon) is the

executive department of the Philippine government responsible for ensuring access to, promoting

equity in, and improving the quality of basic education.[2] It is the main agency tasked to

manage and govern the Philippine system of basic education. It is the chief formulator of
Philippine education policy and responsible for the Philippine primary and secondary school

systems.

K-12 Basic Curriculum-The expression is a shortening of kindergarten (K) for 4- to 6-year-olds

through twelfth grade (12) for 17- to 19-year-olds, the first and last grades, respectively, of free

education in these countries.

Technical Vocational Livelihood-TVL track as specialty in senior high school or SHS, he/she

will continue the TLE course he/she studied in 9th and 10th grades. This will allow him/her to

earn NC II that he/she can use as credentials in applying for a job if he/she wants to work after

SHS graduation.

TESDA ( Technical Educational and Skills Development Authority) Filipino: Pangasiwaan

sa Edukasyong Teknikal at Pagpapaunlad ng Kasanayan) serves as the Philippines’ Technical

Vocational Education and Training (TVET) authority. As a government agency, TESDA is

tasked to both manage and supervise the Philippines’ Technical Education and Skills

Development (TESD). Its goals are to develop the Filipino workforce with “world-class

competence and positive work values” and to provide quality technical-educational and skills

development through its direction, policies, and programs.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents related literature and studies which provide additional data and information

to the present investigation. It involves the systematic identification, location and analysis of

documents containing information related to the research problem.

The unintended cost from district, state, and federal accountability provisions has adversely

affected schools: Constant testing sacrifices instructional time and forces educators to teach to

the test. As for some students, good luck convincing one that performance in algebra is relevant

to his career. Or that earning a high school diploma or college degree, for that matter, is in her

long-term interest it was anchored in an article that was posted on January 20, 2015 by Jonathan

Hasak.

Waugh 2013 cited, high standard of living, is an important part of culture and values. The

education system has a significant and direct impact on the quality of our workforce our

economic productivity and ultimately, our ability to prosper as businesses, as people, and as

nation rely on our public schools to provide highly skilled and educated talent. K to 12 is a

solution to create opportunities that will help all children from the time they enter the classroom

to when they join the workforce – McCleary. 2012

Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary education; students may choose

a specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school capacity. The choice of career track will

define the content of the subjects a student will take in Grades 11 and 12. SHS subjects fall under

either the Core Curriculum or specific Tracks (Official Gazette, 2012). Senior High School

(SHS) covers the last two years of the K to 12 program and includes Grades 11 and 12. In SHS,

students will go through a core curriculum and subjects under a track of their choice

(http://k12philippines.com/, n.d). The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of

basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years

of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills,

develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills

development, employment, and entrepreneur ship.

Many of the Pilipino wants to finish their fourth year in high school. Many of the students after

only a diploma in high school they never mind the college diploma. Especially the poor Pilipino

parents they have that mindset that if he/her child graduate high school a student can work

already they are not thinking that their child is not yet ready, can’t work a stable job.

Technical Vocational Livelihood is a specialization in Senior High School that offered subject

like TESDA

According to Ann Harwood the observations from involvement with vocational courses

indicated that many of the full time lecturing staff worked in isolation from their particular

industry. This by definition prevented them from achieving the first hand experience that might

be considered essential for keeping up to date with changes and innovations within their

industries.
A student who taking up Technical Vocational Livelihood tracks, after he/she finish Senior High

School in TVL she or he may obtain National Certificate Level II (NC II), provided he/she

passesthe competency-based assessment of the Technical Education and Skills Development

Authority(TESDA). NC I and NC II improves employability of graduates in fields like

Agriculture, Electronics, and Trade.

Studies

The statement of the study is what would be the future of a student of the new basic curriculum

who taking up TVL tracks. And

Many of Pilipino people still not favored with the new K-12 Basic Education Curriculum and

many is in favored, but K-12 Basic Education Curriculum can help a lot for a student in their

future even if they can’t continue their college. And it doesn’t mean that taking-up TVL track is

only for a student that can’t continue college but it’s NO! It’s a big NO. Why? If a student

pursues his/her college he/she wills taking up some of the course in tertiary that may related to

TVL tracks. Below are some of the college courses

Bachelor of Science in Tourism

Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management

TVL is composes of four programs the following are Home Economics, Industrial Arts, Agri-

Fishery and last is the ICT (Information Communication Technology).

Home- Economics is a strand aims to give a student job-ready skills that can help you in finding

home. This strand aims to give you job-ready skills that can help you in finding the right

employment. In home economics, students develop the right employment. This track offers
various specializations that can lead to livelihood projects at an understanding of the factors that

influence the well-being of individuals and families within the home and community and of the

actions people take to enhance and sustain those environments.

What are the subjects in this strand?

Subject in Home-economics can also lead to National Certifications based on TESDA

standards. They will be taking up courses on:

 barbering

 bartending

 beauty care, bread and pastry

 caregiving

 cookery

 dressmaking

 food and beverage

 housekeeping

 tourism

 and handicrafts among others

What can I do after SHS?

future of becoming the following:

 baker

 barista

 makeup artist

 barber

 stylist

 therapist

 clerk

 tailor

 tourguide or chambermaid. Various business set ups are also into this track like dress

shop, beauty salon, coffee shop, bakery, snack bar, food cart, handicrafts among others.

This strand can also prepare you to college degrees on Hospitality and Tourism Management,

Nutrition, Food Technology, Culinary Arts, Business Education, or Interior Designing.

Industrial Arts is a strand

Industrial Arts will provide you the skills and knowledge on:

 carpentry

 automotive servicing

 driving

 electronics repair
  electrical installation

 welding

 plumbing

 and tile setting

What are the subjects in this strand?

This course offers different specializations from car mechanics to transmission line

installation. You should also expect subjects on:

 domestic refrigeration and air-conditioning servicing

 electrical installation and maintenance

 power distribution line construction

 mechatronics

 and masonry

What can I do after SHS?

Look forward to immediate jobs after taking up this strand. You can work as painter, pipe

filler, welder, mason, pottery maker, shoemaker, foreman, or bag maker. If you got the guts and

capital to start a business venture, you can open a hardware, masonry shop, souvenir shop, or

building contractor.

If you are pursuing an undergraduate degree in college, you can take up the following:

 industrial engineering
  mechanical designing

 applied technology

 or mechanical engineering

The Agri-Fishery strand was designed for hands-on learning and application of skills that are

related to agriculture and aquaculture. You will be taking various subjects that are connected to

other jobs such as food processing, rubber production, animal production, or landscape

installation.

What are the subjects in this strand?

At the Agri-Fishery Arts strand, you can familiarize yourself with the production

industries of horticulture, animal production, crop production, rubber production, slaughtering

operations, and pest management. You can also dive deep in the field of aquaculture and learn

about fish production, fish wharf operation, and food processing.

This curriculum aims to make sure that you are well-informed and well-prepared with the basic

skills and knowledge just in case you choose to work in farms or fisheries. You will also undergo

a Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PEC) assessment so you can enhance your business

management skills.
What can I do after SHS?

There are a lot of businesses you can start once you graduate in this track. You can open

a fishpond, be a rice thresher, or begin a small scale food processing enterprise. However, this

does not mean you can’t pursue college degrees anymore.

You can still take up courses on agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. After college, you can get to

careers such as:

 development researcher

 agriculturist

 animal husbandry

 or aquatic ecologist

If you are computer-savvy or a technological freak, step right into the ICT strand. Under this

strand, you will be encouraged to utilize information and communication technological tools to

contextualize, collaborate, and create experiences for learning in this professional strand.

Information and communication technology revolutionizes how the different industries and

institutions operate. As communication and technological progress reshapes many aspects of the

society, it is also a driving force behind economic growth. Thus, this strand will equip the

graduates with the necessary skills and competencies fitting for employment as they earned their

National Certification II from TESDA. With the strong external linkages and varied industry
partners, graduates have high possibility of employability as they will be absorbed by the

companies during their On-the- job training.

What are the subjects in this strand?

Under this strand, you can learn writing computer programs, illustrating, and designing

websites. You will also be taking up technical drafting, animation, and java programming that

would be essential if you are planning to work on creative technological field. Other subjects in

the strand are medical transcription and telecom installation which are relevant to the

telecommunications industry.

What can I do after SHS?

You can take different careers after taking the ICT strand. With the right set of skills and

knowledge, you can take a job as a call center agent, a web designer, a data encoder, a radio

technician, a graphic designer, or a junior programmer. You can also take up sales positions such

as online sales agent and IT sales clerk.

If you are planning to continue your studies in college with this as your strand, you can take up

electrical computer engineering, information technology, software and network engineering.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter described the comprehensive explanation of the method use, research

environmental, sampling procedure, the instruments, the data gathering procedure, scoring

procedure, statistical treatment which will be used to gathered the data information in this study.

Use Methodology

A descriptive research methodology was used for this study. A survey was administered

to the selected sample for the student who take-up Technical Vocational Livelihood. The word

“survey” is commonly applied to a research methodology designed to collect data from specific

person, population and typically utilized as a questionnaire or an interview.

Survey methodology

In this studies the sampling of individual units from a population and the

associated survey data collectiontechniques, such as questionnaire construction and methods for

improving the number and accuracy of responses to surveys. Survey methodology includes

instruments or procedures that ask one or more questions that may, or may not, be answered. –
WEKIPEDIA.

Research Environmental

This research is conducted only in Dapitan City, because it is more broader if we

conduct it in overall.
The research conduct in Dapitan for the reason that , the researcher only fucoses in Dapitan City

high schools who offered Technical Vocational Livelihood tracks in K-12 Basic Education

include the FOLLOWING:

Sulangon National High School

Dapitan City National High School

Dakak National High School

Jose Rizal Memorial State University (Senior High School) and others.

Statistical Treatment

Data gathering through this research will be

𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
x 2 = ∑(𝑓𝑜 − 𝑓𝑒)2 )
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒