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    Patho of COPD and CorP New

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    Inchan Montesines
    This document outlines the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It discusses predisposing factors like smoking that lead to inflammation in the lungs. This causes narrowing of the bronchioles and destruction of the alveoli, impairing gas exchange. Mucus production increases and the lungs become damaged and scarred over time. The patient experiences symptoms like cough, shortness of breath, and cyanosis. Ultimately, long-term hypoxemia can lead to right heart failure known as cor pulmonale.

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    Patho of COPD and CorP New

    Uploaded by

    Inchan Montesines
    966 views5 pages
    This document outlines the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It discusses predisposing factors like smoking that lead to inflammation in the lungs. This causes narrowing of the bronchioles and destruction of the alveoli, impairing gas exchange. Mucus production increases and the lungs become damaged and scarred over time. The patient experiences symptoms like cough, shortness of breath, and cyanosis. Ultimately, long-term hypoxemia can lead to right heart failure known as cor pulmonale.

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    This document outlines the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It discusses predisposing factors like smoking that lead to inflammation in the lungs. This causes narrowing of the bronchioles and destruction of the alveoli, impairing gas exchange. Mucus production increases and the lungs become damaged and scarred over time. The patient experiences symptoms like cough, shortness of breath, and cyanosis. Ultimately, long-term hypoxemia can lead to right heart failure known as cor pulmonale.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    966 views5 pages

    Patho of COPD and CorP New

    Uploaded by

    Inchan Montesines
    This document outlines the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It discusses predisposing factors like smoking that lead to inflammation in the lungs. This causes narrowing of the bronchioles and destruction of the alveoli, impairing gas exchange. Mucus production increases and the lungs become damaged and scarred over time. The patient experiences symptoms like cough, shortness of breath, and cyanosis. Ultimately, long-term hypoxemia can lead to right heart failure known as cor pulmonale.

    Copyright:

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    Predisposing Factors Precipitating

    Active and passive smoking Factors


    Occupational exposure
    Ambient air pollution Deficiency of alpha1
    – antitrypsin (AAT)
    Inflammation

    Increase of Thick sputum on Unregulated tissue


    goblet cells the bronchi damage
    Productive
    Cough,
    Narrowed and Irreversible dilation Alveolar
    Shortness of
    clogged of part of the Destruction
    Breath, Chest
    bronchioles. bronchial tree.
    Tightness,
    Cyanosis
    Loss of
    The alveoli adjacent to Impaired mucociliary effective gas
    the bronchioles may clearance exchange
    become damaged and
    fibrosed. Infection extends to
    Hypoxemia
    the peribronchial
    tissues.
    Altered function of
    the alveolar Impairment of
    Chronic
    macrophages. Retention of CO₂ exchange
    Cough,
    secretions that Purulent
    obstructs the alveoli Sputum, Hypercapnia
    The patient will be hemoptysi
    more susceptible to
    increase Atelectasis
    respiratory
    infection. B
    A
    CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
    A B

    Scarring of lung
    Respiratory
    tissue
    Acidosis

    Respiratory
    insufficiency Chronic Barrel
    Hypoxemia Chest,
    Weight
    Clubbing
    Loss,
    of
    Hypoxemia Fingers, EMPHYSEMA
    Cyanosis

    BRONCHIECTASIS
    Predisposing Factors
     Exposure to indoor &
    Precipitating
    outdoor allergen
    Factors
     Occupational sensitizers
     Respiratory infection Atopy
     Active and passive smoking

    Inflammation

    Mucosal Edema Activation of MAST cell

    Bronchospasm Release of Chemical


    Mediators

    ↑ Mucus Production
    Stimulation of
    Adrenergic Receptors
    ↑ Work of Breathing

    cAMP
    S/S
     Tachypnea
     dyspnea 2
     Tachycardia
     Flaring of Nares
     Wheezing
     Retraction
     Pallor

    1
    1 2

    Hyperinflation of Alveoli Alpha


    Stimulation
    Exhaustion
    ↓ cAMP

    Hypoventilation
    ↑ Chemical
    Air trapping Mediators

    Bronchoconstriction

    Hypoxi Respiratory acidosis


    Pathophysiology of Cor Pulmonale

    Alveolar hypoxia

    Hypoxemia
    Hypoxic pulmonary
    vasoconstriction
    Acidemia

    Increased pulmonary Capillary destruction


    vascular resistance (emphysema)

    Pulmonary hypertension Polycythemia

    Increased right ventricular


    afterload

    Right ventricular hypertropy

    COR PULMONALE

    Right ventricular failure

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