PMC TECH

Er.PERUMAL MANIMEKALAI
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
HOSUR

DEPARTMENT OF EEE

BIOGAS AS VEHICLE
FUEL
(AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE FOR DRIVING
TORQUE)

SUBMITTED BY,

EBIN GEORGE .K. PETER J. MANIKANDAN

IV YEAR BE (EEE) IV YEAR BE (EEE)
PMC TECH PMC TECH
HOSUR HOSUR
PH_NO: 9042694252 PH_NO: 9894368575
Email : ebin.gkp@gmail.com Email : manishivab@gmail.com

BIOGAS AS VEHICAL FUEL

(An Alternative source for driving torque)

EBIN GEORGE K PETER and compressed it can also be used

PMC TECH in vehicle transportation.
HOSUR
ebin.gkp@gmail.com
INTRODUTION
J MANIKANDAN
PMC TECH
HOSUR As we know that
manishivab@gmail.com petroleum products are play very
improtant role in our daily life.

ASTRACT

In recent days the price

of petrol & diesel are increasing.So
we must think about an altternatiive
source for running the vehicels.One
effective way to avoid these
probelm is biogas-plants;actually
the biogas, which is produced by
the fermentation of animal
dung,human sewage or agricultural
residues, is rich in methane and has Graph(i) usage of fuels
the same characteristics as the
natural gas. In this paper we are
try to discuss ”BIOGAS AS From the graph shown
VEHICELS FUEL” Methane above we can see that the use of
within biogas can be concentrated petroluem products are increase day
via a biogas upgrader to the same by day. According to new survey
standards as fossil natural gas, and result, petroluem products may be
becomes biomethane. If the local available only for next 40 to50
gas network allows for this, the years. So we are going to face a big
producer of the biogas may utilize engery crisis in the near future. One
the local gas distribution networks. effective way to avoid these
Gas must be very clean to reach problems is biogas-plants; actually
pipeline quality, and must be of the the biogas, which is produced by the
correct composition for the local fermentation of animal dung, human
distribution network to accept. sewage or agricultural residues, is
Carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen rich in methane and has the same
sulfide and particulates must be characteristics as the natural gas.
removed if present. If concentrated The use of biogas as a clean fuel
answers to current concerns dealing
with economics, ecology and
energetic: The methane fermenting
is a long known conversion process
 Search on renewable of the organic substance into energy
energies while the fossil in anaerobic conditions under the
deposits are draining. influence of bacterial flora. The
 Reduction of the energetic biogas generated during the
dependence. methanation represents itself the
liquid methane, carbonic acid, up to
 Limitation of the
1% of sulphured hydrogen, not a
atmospheric pollution
large amount of nitrogen oxygen,
linked to the gas emissions.
hydrogen, ammonia and oxide of
 Decrease of the smell and carbon.
noise annoyances.
 Reduction of the green COMPOSITION OF
house effects.
Biogas fuels usually cause low BIOGAS
pollution to the atmosphere and
because they come from renewable Typical composition of biogas
energy resources, they have a great Compound Chem %
potential for future use. Methane CH4 50–75
Carbon
CO2 25–50
WHY BIOGAS IS dioxide
PREDOMINATING? Nitrogen N2 0–10
Hydrogen H2 0–1
Hydrogen
H2S 0–3
Biogas is considered sulfide
clean energy, which means it does Oxygen O2 0–2
not gives off much air pollution
which is used for energy Table (i) composition of biogas
production. There is significantly
less amount of green house gas The composition of
emissions from bio energy. Another biogas varies depending upon the
alternative energy source like origin of the anaerobic digestion
nuclear power made a big problem process. Landfill gas typically has
in the disposal of waste. methane concentrations around
50%. Advanced waste treatment
Biogas: production and use technologies can produce biogas
with 55–75% CH4 or higher using
Conditions of production in situ purification techniques .As-
produced, biogas also contains
The waste collected at water vapor, with the fractional
the plant undergoes a chemical water vapor volume a function of
treatment in order to be turned into biogas temperature; correction of
biogas. It is the anaerobic digestion, measured volume for water vapor
or methanisation. content and thermal expansion is
Methanisation is an anaerobic easily done via algorithm.
digestion process that follows a
double incentive: PRODUCTION LAYOUT
• Energetic upgrading by
production of methane
(CH4)
• Stabilization of the organic
waste.
 5. The non-suitable gas is
sent back to the
beginning of the plant.

The main upgrading solutions

The scrubbing techniques

Whatever the final

use of the biogas is, it is nearly
Fig. 1 The biogas plant principle impossible to use it as it is
produced. The only valuable
WORKING: fraction is the methane contained
into the biogas; the other
1. The gas is compressed components are useless,
under 10 to 15 objectionable or noxious.
bars and injected in a Consequently one or several
washing pressure tower treatment stages are necessary:
into which the water
solubilizes the carbon Upgrading use Components to
dioxide and the H2S of eliminate
the biogas. Heat Water, sulphur
2. Then the gas is dried on
Electricity Water, sulphur,
2 molecular screens
organo-halogens
under 250 bars.
3. The washing water is Fuel Water, sulphur (H2S),
recycled by gas organo-halogens,
freeing in two steps: carbon (CO2)

(i) The recuperated

gas of the Gas grid Water, sulphur,
highest gas- organo-halogens,
freeing, rich in carbon, oxygen, metal
CO2, H2S and
CH4 is injected as
raw gas into
the pressure Table (ii) upgrading of biogas
stages.
(ii) The gas salted out in • It exist numerous solutions
the lowest gas- to eliminate the water, as
freeing tour is sent using a diphase separator.
back to the biologic When using the biogas for
filter where bacteria the gas grid injection, the
eat H2S. main techniques are the
glycol absorption or the
4. The dry and pure gas is molecular screens. When
stocked at 250 bars the biogas is turned into
into steel bottles that fuel, the water
feed the filling station. concentration must be
inferior to 15 mg/Nm3: the
best solution is the
 Pressure System mg/Nm3, the H2S content does not
adsorption. exceed 100mg/Nm3 and the particle
• A pass on iron oxide or size is limited at 40 microns.
activated carbon easily The typical sequence for the
eliminates the sulphur preparation is:
(H2S). A water scrubbing
can also eliminate both
sulphur and carbon • Compression at 15-20 bars.
dioxide. • Desulfuriz- ation and
• Scavenging of the organo- decarbonation by water
halogen components and scrubbing (loss of 8% of
the heavy metals is done methane)
thanks to a pass on • Dehydration by the process
activated carbon. Pressure System
• The oxygen is eliminated Adsorption.
with a catalytic treatment. • Deshalogenation by a pass
on activated carbon.
• Compression up to 250-350
bars.
Heat recovery from biogas
Economical conditions
Burning biogas in a
boiler or industrial furnace is the The economical analysis
most commonly valorization underlines that the gains are earned
method developed. The methane with the benefits done by
content can go down until 20%, and comparison with an equivalent
the scrubbing techniques are light. consumption of diesel fuel. In this
The machinery used for the heat valorization the scale benefits are
production is very common: burners very important.
or classical injectors.
BI-FUEL SYSTEM
Economical conditions

It is admitted that the

thermal upgrading of the biogas is
profitable when the flow overpasses
100Nm3/h.
Once the biogas is
picked-up or produced, the best way
to use it is enhancing its value.
Several ways are possible:
producing heat, electricity,
cogeneration, vehicle fuel or
injection in the natural gas grid.
Fig(ii)bi-fuel system
PRODUCING FUEL

For this use, the purity Biogas Heat Replacement

specifications of the gas are stricter value
than the previous ones.
Indeed, the biogas used as a fuel When the biogas is
must contain a minimum of 96% of replaced to other energy source,
methane. Moreover the vapor the equivalent amount of energy get
content must be lower than 15 from 1 cu.m biogas is listed below.
 1 CU.M BIOGAS HEAT If we continue the
REPLACEMENT VALUE use of fuel like we are using day-to-
SOURCE Eq.Amt UNITS day, this type boards will appear
LPG 0.46 Kg everywhere. The era of fossil fuels
GASOLINE 0.67 Liter is over now; we have to go for
DIESEL 0.60 Liter alternative source. By using biogas
HEATING 0.55 Liter we can reduce the use of fossil
OIL fuels, and in this way we can reduce
the pollution. So our slogan is
FIRE WOOD 1.50 Kg
“USE BIOGAS; SAVE EARTH”
ELECTRICIT 1.20 KW-H
Y
Table (iii) replacement value REFRENCE

MERITS OF BIOGAS • www.biogas.virtualave.net

• www.atee.biogaz.fr
 It’s a clean form of energy. • www. biogastech-cmu.com
 It reduces the bio waste.
 Less amount of greenhouse • ATEE-ENERGIE PLUS
gas emission. “Biogas, the upgrading
 It reduces air pollution. solutions”, May 2003
• Dr. Wolfgang Tentscher
DEMERITS OF BIOGAS “biogas in the internal
market gas”, June 2002
• ENGVA, European Natural
 Drudgery involved in
Gas Vehicle Association
collection of fuel
 Availability of bio waste is Authors:
a problem. EBIN GEORGE .K .PETER
 It didn’t decompose plastic. J .MANIKANDAN
 It leads to environmental PMC TECH
HOSUR
degradation. ebin.gkp@gmail.com

CONCLUSION

Fig(iii) no fuel