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    Experiment #1 / Unit 10 Solubility Curve of Potassium Nitrate

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    api-368121935
    The document describes an experiment to determine the solubility curve of potassium nitrate (KNO3) by measuring its saturation temperature in water at different masses. Students heat KNO3 in test tubes containing water until it fully dissolves, then cool and record the temperature when crystals first appear. This is repeated for different masses of KNO3 to find the saturation point at different temperatures. The class data is graphed to show how KNO3 solubility increases with temperature. Students then answer questions about predicting and interpreting solubility based on the curve, and describing solutions as saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated.

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    Experiment #1 / Unit 10 Solubility Curve of Potassium Nitrate

    Uploaded by

    api-368121935
    282 views2 pages
    The document describes an experiment to determine the solubility curve of potassium nitrate (KNO3) by measuring its saturation temperature in water at different masses. Students heat KNO3 in test tubes containing water until it fully dissolves, then cool and record the temperature when crystals first appear. This is repeated for different masses of KNO3 to find the saturation point at different temperatures. The class data is graphed to show how KNO3 solubility increases with temperature. Students then answer questions about predicting and interpreting solubility based on the curve, and describing solutions as saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated.

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    The document describes an experiment to determine the solubility curve of potassium nitrate (KNO3) by measuring its saturation temperature in water at different masses. Students heat KNO3 in test tubes containing water until it fully dissolves, then cool and record the temperature when crystals first appear. This is repeated for different masses of KNO3 to find the saturation point at different temperatures. The class data is graphed to show how KNO3 solubility increases with temperature. Students then answer questions about predicting and interpreting solubility based on the curve, and describing solutions as saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    282 views2 pages

    Experiment #1 / Unit 10 Solubility Curve of Potassium Nitrate

    Uploaded by

    api-368121935
    The document describes an experiment to determine the solubility curve of potassium nitrate (KNO3) by measuring its saturation temperature in water at different masses. Students heat KNO3 in test tubes containing water until it fully dissolves, then cool and record the temperature when crystals first appear. This is repeated for different masses of KNO3 to find the saturation point at different temperatures. The class data is graphed to show how KNO3 solubility increases with temperature. Students then answer questions about predicting and interpreting solubility based on the curve, and describing solutions as saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Experiment #1 / Unit 10

    Solubility Curve of Potassium Nitrate

    Introduction:
    A key factor affecting the solubility of a substance – how much solute can be
    dissolved in a given volume of solvent – is temperature. For most ionic solids an
    increase in temperature will increase solubility; i.e. more solute will be able to dissolve
    in the same volume of solvent.
    A solubility curve illustrates how the solubility of a substance varies with
    temperature. By determining the mass of solute that can be dissolved in a known
    volume of solvent under a variety of temperatures we can easily construct a solubility
    curve. In this lab you will construct a solubility curve for an ionic compound, KNO 3,
    using your own experimental data and that of other groups in your class.

    Procedure:
    1. Start a hot water bath using the hotplate and the beaker of water at your bench.
    Heat the water to approximately 70˚C.
    2. Obtain a pre-massed test tube containing 5.0 mL (5.0 g) of water plus X.X g KNO 3.
    The number of grams of KNO3 is written on the tube. Record the number of grams
    of KNO3 in your tube in the data section.
    3. Heat the test tube in the water bath and stir until all the salt is dissolved.
    4. Attach the tube to the ringstand with the clamp and insert your thermometer into the
    solution. Allow the solution to cool in the air. Stir occasionally by twirling the
    thermometer. Watch carefully! When salt crystals first appear, record the
    temperature. This is the saturation temperature for your mass of KNO 3.
    5. Make a second determination by repeating Steps 3 & 4 above. If the two
    temperatures do not agree within 3˚C, repeat a third time (if time allows).
    6. Average your two (or 3) temperatures, then record your data on the class data
    sheet. Copy the class data onto your data table.
    7. CLEAN UP: Place labeled test tube (KNO 3 + H2O) back in the rack (we will re-use
    these samples!). Hot plate should be turned off. Beaker of water should be left on
    hot plate for next class.
    8. Construct the solubility curve for KNO3 using the class data and the attached graph
    paper. Be sure to label axes with units and scale. You should add this additional
    data to your curve:
     Solubility of KNO3 at 0˚C: 13 g/100 g H2O
     Solubility of KNO3 at 100˚C: 247 g/100 g H2O  Note: These data are per
    100 g H2O, not 5 g H2O like
    Data: your test tube! I would
     Mass of KNO3 in your test tube suggest converting your data
     Volume of H2O in test tube to units of g KNO3/100 g H2O
     Saturation temperature for all 6 test tubes (class data) before graphing to make it
    (copy class data) easier to answer the questions
    that follow.

    Chemistry Raleigh Charter High School Dr. Genez


    Questions:
    1. Based on your solubility curve, predict the solubility of KNO 3 at 45˚C in units of
    (a) g KNO3 per 5 g H2O
    (b) g KNO3 per 100 g H2O
    2. Find the accepted value for the solubility of KNO 3 at 45˚C and determine the percent
    error of your experimental value.
    3. If the total volume of your solution was 6.8 mL, what is the molarity (M) of the KNO 3
    solution at 45˚C?
    4. Based on your solubility curve, describe the following solutions as saturated,
    unsaturated, or supersaturated:
    (a) 70 g / 100 g H2O at 45˚C
    (b) 80 g / 100 g H2O at 70˚C
    (c) 80 g / 100 g H2O at 30˚C
    5. Based on your KNO3 solubility curve, if you dissolved 80 g KNO3 in 100 g H2O at
    60˚C and then cooled the solution to 30˚C, what would you expect to happen?
    6. Answer the following questions using the graph of solubility curves on your
    notesheet.
    (a) What is the solubility of NaCl at 10˚C?
    (b) For which salt on the graph does solubility change most with changing
    temperature?
    (c) Which salt shows an unusual dependence on temperature for solubility?
    (d) At what temperature will a solution with 60 g NH4Cl in 100 g H2O be
    saturated?
    (e) Which substance on the graph is least soluble at 30˚C? Most soluble at
    30˚C?
    (f) How many grams of NaNO3 will dissolve in 200 g of H2O at 50˚C?
    7. Describe the process by which water dissolves an ionic compound. Include a
    discussion of both dissociation and hydration.

    Extra credit:
    1. What is the molality (m) of a saturated solution of KNO3 at 45˚C?

    Lab Report #10.1:


     title page
     procedure sheet
     data
     graph (solubility curve)
     questions

    Chemistry Raleigh Charter High School Dr. Genez

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