CHAPTER 15:

IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REAL?

Multiple Choice:

1. During Word World II, ____________ used Colossus, an electronic digital computer to crack German
military codes.

A. Alan Kay

B. Grace Murray Hopper

C. Alan Turing

D. Tim Berners-Lee

Answer: C Reference: Alan Turing Military Intelligence, and Intelligent Machines Difficulty: Challenging

2. The British mathematician, ____________ spent much of his life trying to answer the central question of
artificial intelligence “Can machines think?”

A. Alan Turing

B. Alan Kay

C. Tim Berners-Lee

D. Grace Murray Hopper

Answer: A Reference: Alan Turing Military Intelligence, and Intelligent Machines

Difficulty: Challenging

3. Problems with the simulation approach to AI include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. people don’t always know how they do things.

B. the brain can perform parallel processing, which is difficult for computers.

C. machines operate differently than the brain.

D. machines cannot remember hundreds of numbers at the same time.

Answer: D Reference: What is Artificial Intelligence? Difficulty: Moderate

Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.

Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

4. In the 1950s, the popular domain for AI research was:

A. checkers and chess.

B. solitaire.

C. OCR.

D. robotics.

Answer: A Reference: What is Artificial Intelligence? Difficulty: Moderate

5. Traditional AI techniques include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. searching.

B. heuristics.

C. pattern recognition.

D. batch processing.

Answer: D Reference: Opening Games Difficulty: Challenging

6. Machine learning involves:

A. learning from a successful move.

B. entering the knowledge of a human into a computer.

C. loading numerous educational programs.

D. making mistakes so the computer can learn from them.

Answer: A Reference: Opening Games Difficulty: Moderate

7. The main outcome of the early automatic language translation efforts was the realization that:

A. translation without understanding is impossible.

B. computers are faster and more accurate.

C. computers make fewer errors than humans.

D. computers can accurately translate 99% of the text.

Answer: A Reference: Machine Translation Traps Difficulty: Moderate

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Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

8. The Babel Fish program is a(n):

A. language translation program.

B. DBMS for marine biology.

C. AI search engine.

D. Turing test.

Answer: A Reference: Machine Translation Traps Difficulty: Moderate

9. A typical problem for machine translation is:

A. tone inflection.

B. the limited vocabulary of natural language.

C. the use of accents.

D. the amount of knowledge required to understand the meaning of words.

Answer: D Reference: Machine Translation Traps Difficulty: Moderate

10. Syntax of a programming language is the:

A. tone inflection of human language.

B. natural accent of a human voice.

C. underlying meaning of words.

D. set of rules for constructing sentences from words.

Answer: D Reference: Nonsense and Common Sense Difficulty: Moderate

11. Semantics, a problem with natural-language communication, refers to the:

A. underlying meaning of words and phrases.

B. set of rules used to construct sentences from words.

C. natural accent of the human voice.

D. tone inflection of human speech.

Answer: A Reference: Nonsense and Common Sense Difficulty: Moderate

Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 3

Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

12. The most successful natural-language applications:

A. involve computers having meaningful conversations with humans.

B. use narrow, carefully defined domains.

C. keep rules very flexible and variable.

D. ignore the need for common sense.

Answer: B Reference: Nonsense and Common Sense Difficulty: Easy

13. A typical knowledge base contains:

A. knowledge of generalists.

B. only rules.

C. common sense from common people.

D. both facts and a system of rules.

Answer: D Reference: Knowledge Bases Difficulty: Easy

14. A knowledge base contains:

A. rules, facts, and relationships.

B. only rules and relationships.

C. simulation of human thinking.

D. only facts.

Answer: A Reference: Knowledge Bases Difficulty: Moderate

15. A software program designed to replicate the decision-making process of a human expert is a(n):

A. data network system.

B. replication database.

C. expert system.

D. semantic system.

Answer: C Reference: Artificial Experts Difficulty: Easy

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Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

16. A(n) ____________ could be used to replicate how a specialist diagnoses lung cancer.

A. expert system

B. MIS

C. TPS

D. micromachine

Answer: A Reference: Artificial Experts Difficulty: Easy

17. When a conclusion is stated as a probability rather than an exact fact, it is known as:

A. an expert system.

B. statistical logic.

C. fuzzy logic.

D. a pattern recognition system.

Answer: C Reference: Artificial Experts Difficulty: Moderate

18. The term, __________ describes the use of a system to give a conclusion along with its probability of
happening:

A. fuzzy logic

B. neural network

C. image analysis

D. parsing

Answer: A Reference: Artificial Experts Difficulty: Easy

19. MYCIN, XCON and AARON are all examples of:

A. expert systems.

B. expert system shells.

C. fuzzy logic.

D. robots.

Answer: A Reference: Expert Systems in Action Difficulty: Challenging

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Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

20. Even though they weren’t accepted with enthusiasm, successful expert systems were first developed in the
field of:

A. insurance.

B. medicine.

C. aviation.

D. geology.

Answer: B Reference: Expert Systems in Action Difficulty: Easy

21. To facilitate development of new expert systems, software companies sell:

A. knowledge bases.

B. ELIZA.

C. parsers.

D. expert system shells.

Answer: D Reference: Expert Systems in Perspective Difficulty: Easy

22. The following are all examples of pattern recognition EXCEPT:

A. systems analysis.

B. surveillance satellite data analysis.

C. biological slide analysis.

D. handwriting recognition.

Answer: A Reference: Pattern Recognition: Making Sense of the World Difficulty: Easy

23. The field of AI called ____________ includes fingerprint identification, handwriting recognition, and
weather forecasting.

A. pattern recognition

B. OCR

C. parsing programs

D. fuzzy logic

Answer: A Reference: Pattern Recognition: Making Sense of the World Difficulty: Moderate

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Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

24. Identifying recurring arrangements in input data and eventually understanding or categorizing that input is
known as:

A. fuzzy logic.

B. automatic translation.

C. parsing.

D. pattern recognition.

Answer: D Reference: Pattern Recognition: Making Sense of the World Difficulty: Moderate

25. _____________ is the process of identifying objects and shapes in a photograph, drawing, video, or other
visual images.

A. ELIZA

B. Image analysis

C. OCR

D. Fuzzy logic

Answer: B Reference: Pattern Recognition: Making Sense of the World Difficulty: Easy

26. OCR stands for:

A. original character representation.

B. optical character recognition.

C. optical computer reply.

D. original character recognition.

Answer: B Reference: Optical Character Recognition Difficulty: Easy

27. Advanced speech recognition programs that are ____________ have the ability to recognize speech without
being trained by a speaker.

A. OCR systems

B. speaker independent

C. digitized speech

D. synthetic speech systems

Answer: B Reference: Automatic Speech Recognition Difficulty: Moderate

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Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

28. When a computer’s speech sounds like that of a person, it is using:

A. OCR technology.

B. synthetic language.

C. speech synthesis.

D. heuristics.

Answer: C Reference: Talking Computers Difficulty: Moderate

29. A network of many distributed, parallel computing systems is called a _________ network.

A. neural

B. cerebral

C. rational

D. robot

Answer: A Reference: Neural Networks Difficulty: Moderate

30. An example of a ____________ network is software used by American Express to read and analyze
millions of charge slips each day.

A. neural

B. cerebral

C. rational

D. robotic

Answer: A Reference: Neural Networks Difficulty: Moderate

31. For a __________ network to learn to recognize a pattern, it goes through many trials, weakening the
circuit pattern for incorrect guesses and strengthening circuit patterns for correct guesses.

A. cerebral

B. rational

C. neural

D. robotic

Answer: C Reference: Neural Networks Difficulty: Easy

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Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

32. With respect to neural networks, all of the following are true EXCEPT:

A. neural networks distribute knowledge throughout the network.

B. neural networks store information in the same way as traditional computers.

C. neural networks use distributed, parallel computing systems.

D. neural networks continue to function even if some of its neurons are destroyed.

Answer: B Reference: Neural Networks Difficulty: Moderate

33. A(n) ____________ is a machine controlled by a computer and designed to perform specific manual tasks.

A. speech synthesizer

B. expert system

C. robot

D. parser

Answer: C Reference: What is a Robot? Difficulty: Easy

34. A sensor is an example of a(n) ____________ device for a robot.

A. output

B. input

C. storage

D. memory

Answer: B Reference: What is a Robot? Difficulty: Easy

35. Robots are effective for all of the following activities EXCEPT:

A. cleaning up hazardous waste.

B. doing repetitive jobs.

C. working 24/7.

D. calculating pay for thousands of employees.

Answer: D Reference: Steel-Collar Workers Difficulty: Moderate

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Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

36. ____________, a simulator, is considered the beginning of the age of automated therapy.

A. ELIZA

B. XCON

C. OCR

D. AARON

Answer: A Reference: AI Implications and Ethical Questions Difficulty: Challenging

37. The manufacture of machines on a scale of a few billionths of a meter is referred to as:

A. pentatechnology.

B. microtechnology.

C. nanotechnology.

D. macrotechnology.

Answer: C Reference: Inventing the Future: Microtechnology and Nanotechnology

Difficulty: Challenging

38. Research in ____________ systems is concerned with miniaturization of computers using microscopic
parts.

A. macroelectromechanical

B. ELIZA

C. microelectromechanical

D. silicon chip

Answer: C Reference: Inventing the Future: Microtechnology and Nanotechnology

Difficulty: Challenging

Fill in the Blank:

39. AI stands for ____________.

Answer: artificial intelligence Reference: Alan Turing, Military Intelligence, and Intelligent Machines
Difficulty: Easy

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Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

40. In the classic ____________ test, a computer is considered to be intelligent if it can successfully pose as a
human being when replying to questions.

Answer: Turing Reference: Can Machines Think? Difficulty: Moderate

41. ____________ processing is the process of breaking complex jobs into manageable pieces and completing
all of these tasks at the same time.

Answer: Parallel Reference: What is Artificial Intelligence? Difficulty: Moderate

42. A(n) ____________ is a rule of thumb.

Answer: heuristic Reference: Opening Games Difficulty: Challenging

43. The AI technique called ____________ is the process of looking at possibilities and choosing one that has
the best chance of being successful.

Answer: searching Reference Opening Games Difficulty: Moderate

44. Early work in AI focused on games like ____________.

Answer: checkers and chess Reference: Opening Games Difficulty: Easy

45. In 1997, IBM’s ____________, a customized RS/6000 SP computer, beat Garry Kasparov, a chess grand
master.

Answer: Deep Blue Reference: Opening Games Difficulty: Challenging

46. The ____________ technique rapidly repeats a simple operation until an answer is found.

Answer: brute-force Reference: Opening Games Difficulty: Challenging

47. Every natural language has a(n) ____________, a set of rules for constructing sentences from words.

Answer: syntax Reference: Nonsense and Common Sense Difficulty: Moderate

48. The most successful natural-language applications limit their ____________, or affected area, so that rules
can be clean and unambiguous.

Answer: domain Reference: Nonsense and Common Sense Difficulty: Easy

49. A(n) ____________ program analyzes sentence structure and identifies parts of speech.

Answer: parsing Reference: Machine Translation Traps Difficulty: Moderate

50. Between humans and computers, ____________ are better at comprehending and identifying relationships
among facts.

Answer: humans Reference: Knowledge Bases and Expert Systems Difficulty: Easy

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Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

51. ____________ is information that incorporates the relationships among facts.

Answer: Knowledge Reference: Knowledge Bases and Expert Systems Difficulty: Easy

52. A database contains only facts, while a(n) ____________ base also contains a system of rules for
determining and changing relationships among those facts.

Answer: knowledge Reference: Knowledge Bases Difficulty: Challenging

53. A(n) ____________ is a person with an extraordinary amount of knowledge within a narrow domain.

Answer: expert Reference: Artificial Experts Difficulty: Easy

54. A(n) ____________ system is a software program designed to replicate the decision-making process of a
human specialist.

Answer: expert Reference: Artificial Experts Difficulty: Moderate

55. Because most human decision making involves ambiguity, ____________ logic allows for conclusions that
are based on probabilities rather than certainties.

Answer: fuzzy Reference: Artificial Experts Difficulty: Moderate

56. An expert system is designed to replicate the decision-making process of a human ____________.

Answer: expert Reference: Artificial Experts Difficulty: Easy

57. ____________ was a successful expert system developed by Digital Equipment Corporation to configure,
maintain, and troubleshoot computer systems.

Answer: XCON Reference: Expert Systems in Action Difficulty: Challenging

58. ____________ is an expert system that produces drawings of people, plants, and objects based on rules of
human anatomy and behavior.

Answer: AARON Reference: Expert Systems in Action Difficulty: Challenging

59. Because ____________ information is orderly and well-documented, MYCIN became one of the first
successful expert systems.

Answer: medical Reference: Expert Systems in Action Difficulty: Moderate

60. An expert system ____________ is used to develop an expert system using human interfaces and inference
engines.

Answer: shell Reference: Expert Systems in Perspective Difficulty: Moderate

61. Expert systems use ____________ recognition to acquire knowledge about the world.

Answer: pattern Reference: Pattern Recognition: Making Sense of the World

Difficulty: Moderate

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Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

62. The process of ____________ analysis is used for recognizing and recoloring classic motion pictures or
piloting cruise missiles.

Answer: image Reference: Image Analysis Difficulty: Challenging

63. Voice recognition systems that are ____________ independent have the ability to recognize speech without
being trained by the person talking.

Answer: speaker Reference: Automatic Speech Recognition Difficulty: Moderate

64. Most modern robots include ____________ that accept new input enabling robots to correct or modify their
actions based on feedback from the outside world.

Answer: sensors Reference: What is a Robot? Difficulty: Challenging

65. ____________ speech is the playing of prerecorded speech stored on a computer.

Answer: Digitized Reference: Talking Computers Difficulty: Moderate

66. Speech ____________ allows a computer to recite anything you can type.

Answer: synthesis Reference: Talking Computers Difficulty: Moderate

67. With ____________ software or hardware, PCs recite typed text using robotic voices.

Answer: speech synthesis Reference: Talking Computers Difficulty: Moderate

68. A(n) ____________ network is comprised of a few thousand simple processors working simultaneously.

Answer: neural Reference: Neural Networks Difficulty: Challenging

69. A(n) ____________ is a computer-controlled machine designed to perform specific manual tasks.

Answer: robot Reference: What Is a Robot? Difficulty: Moderate

70. In factories, boring, dirty, or dangerous tasks are often done by ____________ that use AI software.

Answer: robots Reference: Steel-Collar Workers Difficulty: Moderate

71. ____________ intelligence is the application of AI concepts to networks rather than individual computers.

Answer: Distributed Reference: AI Implications and Ethical Questions Difficulty: Moderate

72. Microtechnology carried to its extreme is called ____________, which is the manufacture of machines on a
scale of a few billionths of a meter.

Answer: nanotechnology Reference: Inventing the Future: Microtechnology and Nanotechnology

Difficulty: Challenging

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Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

73. Machines on the scale of a millionth of a meter are called ____________.

Answer: micromachines Reference: Inventing the Future: Microtechnology and Nanotechnology

Difficulty: Moderate

74. ____________ computers are based on the properties of atoms and their nuclei and the laws of quantum
mechanics.

Answer: Quantum Reference: Inventing the Future: Microtechnology and Nanotechnology

Difficulty: Easy

Matching:

75. Match the following terms to their meanings:

I. Turing test A. software designed to replicate the knowledge of a human “expert”

II. expert system B. set of rules for constructing sentences from words

III. automatic translation C. the first area of AI research

IV. checkers and chess D. if it acts intelligent, it is intelligent

V. syntax E. Spanish “hola” for English “hello”

Answers: D, A, E, C, B, Reference: Multiple locations Difficulty: Challenging

76. Match the following AI techniques to their specific examples:

I. searching A. in a game of checkers, keep checkers in the king’s row as long as

possible

II. heuristics B. a chess move is successful, the computer will use it more often in
the future

III. pattern recognition C. there are five possible chess moves in this situation, if I choose
this…then this happens; if I choose this other option…then this other
thing happens; etc.

IV. machine learning D. handwritten contest rules read using OCR technology

Answers: C, A, D, B Reference: Opening Games Difficulty: Moderate

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Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

77. Match the following terms to their meanings:

I. semantics A. the “world” that the application deals with

II. domain B. contains only facts

III. database C. contains facts and relationships

IV. knowledge base D. the “real” meaning of words and phrases

Answer: D, A, B, C Reference: Multiple Locations Difficulty: Moderate

Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 15