G-

GCE SOLUTIONS
Siddharth Kumar, Principal Programmer

Add Derived Parameters using

Multi-Dimensional Arrays

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 Agenda
q The Syntax
q The Process
q Mul3dimensional array
q Situa3on – Solu3on
q Laboratory Analysis Dataset
q Func3ons
q Conclusion

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 Introduc.on

q When do we use Arrays: q Derive / Update Treatment

ü Perform same ac3ons on mul3ple Variables in Analysis Dataset
variables
q Derive / Update Analysis Flag
ü Array allows to group a bunch of Variables (anl01fl,..) in Analysis
variables for the same process
Dataset
ü The huge block of the repe33ous
statements and redundant q Concatenate and Apply Format to
calcula3on codes can be reduced all the Treatment Variables for
to just a few lines presenta3on in Output
ü Code can be simplified with the
use of arrays

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 The Syntax
array array-name {n} <$> <length> array-elements <(ini3al values)>;

q array-name – Any valid SAS name that iden3fies the group of
variables
q n – Number of elements within the array
q $ - Indicates the elements within the array are character
type variables
q Length – assigns length for the array elements
q Elements – List of SAS variables to be part of the array
q Ini3al values – Provides the ini3al values for each of the
array elements.
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 Array Reference
array-name {subscript}

q  Where array-name - is the name of an array that was previously
defined with ARRAY statement in the same DATA step.
q  Subscript - specifies the subscript, which can be a numeric
constant, the name of a variable whose value is the number, a
SAS numeric expression, or an asterisk (*).
q  An array must be defined within the data step prior to being
referenced.
q  Array exists only for the dura3on of the data step in which they
are defined

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 Mul. Dimensional Array or Nested Array
q  Mul3dimensional arrays are used when you want to group
data or put values in a ‘table like’ format (i.e., rows and
columns).
q  The dimensions of arrays works like the following:
ü  One-dimensional array: array x(cols)
ü  Two-dimensional array: array y(rows, cols)
ü  Three-dimensional array: array z(levels, rows, cols).
q  The number of elements are placed in each dimension acer
the array name in the form {n, ..}.
q  From right to lec, the rightmost dimension represents
columns; the next dimension represents rows. Each posi3on
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farther lec represents a higher dimension.
 Mul. Dimensional Array or Nested Array
myArray {4,6} lab1-lab6 hem1-hem6 hist1-hist6 chem1-chem6;

Lab1 Lab2 Lab3 Lab4 Lab5 Lab6

Hem1 Hem2 Hem3 Hem4 Hem5 Hem6

Hist1 Hist2 Hist3 Hist4 Hist5 Hist6
Chem1 Chem2 Chem3 Chem4 Chem5 Chem6

Variable Array Reference
Hist3 myArray{3,3}
hem3 myArray{2,3}

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 Example of dataset when One-Dimensional & Two-
Dimensional arrays are applied

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 Do Loop
Do i = 1 to 4; * row; •  A do loop is needed for each dimension
do j = 1 to 6; * column •  one for the rows (which is represented by i
and set from 1 to 4) . This Do loop processes
the inner Do loop four 3mes.
if myArray[i , j] > 80 then •  one for the columns (represented by j and set
myArray[i , j] = . ; from 1 to 6). This Do loop applies the
end; deriva3on to all the variables in one row.
end; •  Note, if you make i reference the rows (1 to 4),
that i is put in the first posi3on in the array
reference.
•  Mul3dimensional arrays are •  An array reference can use two or more index
usually processed inside variables as the subscript to refer to two or
nested Do loops. more dimensions of an array.

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 Programming Specifica.ons

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 Given Data

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 The Code

Do loop for the rows (which is represented by j and set from 1 to 4)

Do loop for the column (which is represented by i and set from 1 to 5)

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 The Output

Added Data

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 Func.ons: Dim, Lbound, Hbound
•  Determining the Number of Elements in an Array Efficiently
•  DIM returns the number of elements in an array dimension.
•  HBOUND returns the value of the upper bound of an array dimension.
•  LBOUND returns the value of the lower bound of an array dimension.
•  form of the DIM func3on is: DIMn(array-name)
•  LBOUND func3on: LBOUNDn(array-name)
•  HBOUND func3ons :HBOUNDn(array-name)
•  where n is the specified dimension that has a default value of 1.
Example: array mult{2:6,4:13,2} mult1-mult100;
Syntax Alterna.ve Syntax Value
HBOUND(MULT) HBOUND(MULT,1) 6
HBOUND2(MULT) HBOUND(MULT,2) 13
HBOUND3(MULT) HBOUND(MULT,3) 2

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 Use of Func.ons DIM, LBOUND & HBOUND IN MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY

Use of func3on DIM

Use of func3on LBOUND & HBOUND

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 Conclusion
q INNOVATION
q AUTOMATION
ü Easier to maintain and update
ü Easier to add new criteria
q MOTIVATION
• Minimize the Code, Save Time and Efforts
• Effec3ve use of Mul3-Dimensional Arrays or Nested
Arrays can increase EFFICIENCY of program.

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 THANK YOU
________________________________________
Any QUESTIONS

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