oainsi2015 Capital Expenditure (CAPEX)
INVESTOPEDIA
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Capital Expenditure (CAPEX)
By Adam Hayes | Updated March 12, 2015
DEFINITION
Capital expenditure, or CapEx, are funds used by a company to acquire or upgrade physical assets such as property, industrial
‘buildings or equipment. It is often used to undertake new projects or investments by the firm. This type of outlay is also made by
‘companies to maintain or increate the scope oftheir operations. These expenditures can include everything from repairing a roof
to bullding, to purchasing a piece of a equipment, or bulding a brand new factory.
INVESTOPEDIA EXPLAINS.
In terms of accounting, an expense is considered to be a capital expenditure when the asset is a newly purchased capital asset or
‘an investment that improves the useful life of an existing capital asst. If an expense is a capital expenditure, it needs to be
capitalized. This requires the company to spread the cost of the expenditure (the fixed cost) over the useful life of the asset. If,
however, the expense is one that maintains the asset at ts current condition, the cost is deducted fully n the year of the expense.
‘The amount of capital expenditures a company is likely to have depends on the industry it occupies. Some of the most capital
{Intensive industries have the highest levels of capital expenditures including oil exploration and production, telecom,
‘manufacturing and utilities,
Capital expenditure should not be confused with revenue expenditure or operating expenses (OPEX), Revenue expenses are
shorter-term expenses required to meet the ongoing operational cost of running a business, and therefore they are essentially
‘identical to operating expenses. Unlike capital expenditures, revenue expenses can be fully tax-deducted in the same year in
which the expenses occur.
USING CAPITAL EXPENDITURES IN MULTIPLES FOR RELATIVE VALUATION
‘The cash flow to capital expenditure ratio, or CF/CapEX, relates to a company's ability to acquire long term assets using free cash
flow. The cashflow to capital expenditures ratio will often fluctuate as businesses go through cycles of large and small capita
‘expenditures. A high multiple is indicative of relative financial strength. Ifa company has the financial
‘through capital expenditure, i is easier forthe company to grow. It is important to note that this s an industry specific ratio, and
should only be compared to a ratio derived from another company that has similar CapEx requirements,
(CF to Caphx is calculated a8:
(CE/CapEx = Cash Flow From Operations / Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditure can also be used in calculating free cash flow to equity (FCFE) to a firm with the following formula:
FFCRE = Barnings Per Share ~ (CapEx ~ Depreciation)(1 ~ Debt Ratio) - (Change in Net Working Capital)(1 ~ Debt Ratio)
or alternatively:
FORE = Net Income - Net CapEx - Change in Net Working Capital + New Debt - Debt Repayment
‘The greater the capital expenditure fora firm, the lower the free cashflow to equity.
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