HW 14 https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assign...

HW 14
Due: 11:59pm on Tuesday, June 26, 2018
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy

Net Torque on a Pulley

The figure below shows two blocks suspended by a single cord over a pulley. The mass of block B is twice the mass of block
A, while the mass of the pulley is equal to the mass of block A. The
blocks are let free to move and the cord moves on the pulley
without slipping or stretching. There is no friction in the pulley axle,
and the cord's weight can be ignored.

Part A
Which of the following statements correctly describes the system shown in the figure?
Check all that apply.

Hint 1. Conditions for equilibrium

If the blocks had the same mass, the system would be in equilibrium. The blocks would have zero acceleration
and the tensions in the cord on either side of the pulley would equal the weight of each block. Both sides of the
pulley would then be pulled with equal force, resulting in a zero net torque and no rotation of the pulley. Is this still
the case in the current situation where block B has twice the mass of block A?

Hint 2. Rotational analogue of Newton's second law

The net torque of all the forces acting on a rigid body is proportional to the angular acceleration of the
body and is given by ,where is the moment of inertia of the body.

Hint 3. Relation between linear and angular acceleration

A particle that revolves with angular acceleration has tangential acceleration equal to

where is the distance of the particle from the axis of rotation. In the present case, where there is no slipping or
stretching of the cord, the cord and the pulley must move together at the same speed. Therefore, if the cord
moves with linear acceleration , the pulley must rotate with angular acceleration , where is the radius
of the pulley.

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ANSWER:

The acceleration of the blocks is zero.

The net torque on the pulley is zero.

The angular acceleration of the pulley is nonzero.

Part B
What happens when block B moves downward?

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

To determine whether the tensions in the cord on either side of the pulley are equal, it is convenient to write a
mathematical expression for the net torque on the pulley. This will allow you to relate the tensions in the cord to
the pulley's angular acceleration.

Hint 2. Find the net torque on the pulley

Let's assume that the tension in the cord on either side of the pulley are different. Let be the tension on the
right side and the tension on the left side. If is the radius of the pulley, what is the net torque acting on
the pulley? Take the positive sense of rotation to be counterclockwise.
Express your answer in terms of , , and .

Hint 1. Torque

The torque of a force with respect to a point is defined as the product of the magnitude times the
perpendicular distance between the line of action of and the point . In other words,

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

The cord's tension on the left and right sides are equal.

The cord's tension on the left side of the pulley is higher than on the right side.

The cord's tension on the right side of the pulley is higher than on the left side.

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Pulling a String to Accelerate a Wheel

A bicycle wheel is mounted on a fixed, frictionless axle, as shown .

A massless string is wound around the wheel's rim, and a constant
horizontal force of magnitude starts pulling the string from the
top of the wheel starting at time when the wheel is not
rotating. Suppose that at some later time the string has been
pulled through a distance . The wheel has moment of inertia
, where is a dimensionless number less than 1, is
the wheel's mass, and is its radius. Assume that the string does
not slip on the wheel.

Part A

Find , the angular acceleration of the wheel, which results from pulling the string to the left. Use the standard
convention that counterclockwise angular accelerations are positive.
Express the angular acceleration, , in terms of , , , and (but not ).

Hint 1. Relate torque about the axle to force applied to the wheel
Find the torque about the wheel axle.
Express the torque about the axle in terms of the wheel's radius, , and the magnitude of the constant
pulling force, .

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Hint 1. Use a force diagram

Carefully draw a force diagram, showing the forces on the end of the string and the forces acting on the
wheel. The string is massless, so if you don't want it to have infinite acceleration, the net force on it must
be zero. It follows that the tension where the rope pulls on the wheel must have magnitude .

Hint 2. Recall that is defined as a vector product

When a force is applied to a wheel at position relative to the wheel axle, the vector representing the
applied torque is . The magnitude of this torque vector, , is given by , where is
the magnitude of , is the magnitude of , and is the angle between and .

ANSWER:

Hint 2. Relate torque on wheel to angular acceleration

Complete the relationship between the torque applied to the wheel, , and the wheel's moment of inertia and
angular acceleration .
ANSWER:

ANSWER:

Part B

The force pulling the string is constant; therefore the magnitude of the angular acceleration of the wheel is constant
for this configuration.

Find the magnitude of the angular velocity of the wheel when the string has been pulled a distance .

Note that there are two ways to find an expression for ; these expressions look very different but are equivalent.
Express the angular velocity of the wheel in terms of the displacement , the magnitude of the applied
force, and the moment of inertia of the wheel , if you've found such a solution. Otherwise, following the hints
for this part should lead you to express the angular velocity of the wheel in terms of the displacement , the
wheel's radius , and .

Hint 1. What the no-slip case means

The assumption that the string does not slip on the wheel tells you that the translational velocity of the string

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equals the velocity of a particle on the rim ( ) of the wheel.

Hint 2. Review of translational motion with constant acceleration

In kinematics, you learned that for translational motion with constant acceleration the velocity is given by
. The wheel is stationary at , so the displacement of the string, , will be proportional to
.

Hint 3. When has the string been pulled a distance ?

Find the time when the string has been pulled a distance .
Express your answer in terms of and .
ANSWER:

Hint 4. Relating translational acceleration and angular acceleration

Find the magnitude, , of the acceleration of the string.
Express your answer in terms of and .
ANSWER:

ANSWER:

Part C

Find , the speed of the string after it has been pulled by over a distance .
Express the speed of the string in terms of , , , and ; do not include , , or in your answer.

Hint 1. Relating the speed of the string to the angular velocity

Find the speed of the string in terms of .
(This relationship will be valid at any time .)

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ANSWER:

ANSWER:

Exercise 10.16

A 12.0- box resting on a horizontal, frictionless surface is attached to a 5.00- weight by a thin, light wire that passes
without slippage over a frictionless pulley (the figure ). The pulley
has the shape of a uniform solid disk of mass 2.40 and
diameter 0.560 .

Part A
After the system is released, find the horizontal tension in the wire.
ANSWER:

= 32.3

Part B
After the system is released, find the vertical tension in the wire.

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ANSWER:

= 35.5

Part C
After the system is released, find the acceleration of the box.
ANSWER:

= 2.69

Part D
After the system is released, find magnitude of the horizontal and vertical components of the force that the axle exerts
on the pulley.
Express your answers separated by a comma.
ANSWER:

= 32.3,59.1

Exercise 10.20

A string is wrapped several times around the rim of a small hoop with radius 8.00 and mass 0.180 . The free end of
the string is held in place and the hoop is released from rest (the figure ). After the hoop has descended 45.0 , calculate

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Part A
the angular speed of the rotating hoop and
ANSWER:

= 26.3

Part B
the speed of its center.
ANSWER:

= 2.10

Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 98.6%.
You received 10.85 out of a possible total of 11 points.

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