Tecnnical Inform
Tecnnical Inform
Tecnnical Inform
INFORMATION
MARINE RADAR
This report shall not be reproduced except in full, without the written approval of Furuno Labotech International Co., Ltd.
Furuno Labotech International
Report no.: FLI 12-04-029
* * * * * * CONTENTS * * * * * *
1 General Information
1.1 General
(1) Transmitter
(a) Assignable Frequency for Shipborne Radar:
Between 9300 and 9500 MHz (FCC Rule: 80.375 (d)-(1))
(b) Type of RF Generator
Magnetron Type: MG5436
Peak Output Power: 25 kW nominal
(c) Magnetron Ratings
Center frequency of Magnetron: 9410 MHz
Tolerances
MG5436
Manufacturing: ±30 MHz
Pulling: 23 MHz
Tolerance for 20°C temperature variation: -5 MHz
(2) Modulator
(a) FET Type: 2SK1466
Trigger Voltage: Approx. +16 VDC positive
(3) Receiver
(a) Passband (MHz)
RF Stage: 100 MHz
IF Stage:
Pulselength Short 1 Short 2 Middle 1 Middle 2 Middle 3 Long 1 Long 2
(MHz) 40 40 10 10 10 3 3
The following nameplates are permanently fixed on the corresponding equipment units.
FCC ID: ADB9ZWRTR081
Material of nameplate: Aluminum, 0.5 mm thick
Fig. 2.1 Name Plate for Transceiver Unit, Fig. 2.2 Name Plate for Antenna (Scanner) Unit,
Fig. 2.3 Name Plate for Processor Unit, Fig. 2.4 Name Plate for Monitor Unit,
3 Test data
The peak voltage was determined using the divider having a ratio of 1000 to 1 and the oscilloscope.
Current pulse was viewed across the wideband current transformer with output voltage per ampere
1.00.
Magnetron input pulse voltage was measured at its cathode using the oscilloscope and divider with
ratio 1000 to 1.
Estimated efficiency
The estimated efficiency of the RF generator (magnetron) was determined by the following
measurements and calculation. Power output from magnetron was measured using the directional
coupler, power meter and the oscilloscope.
Test point
Fig. 3.2.2.1 Short 1 Pulse (0.125 nm Range) Scale: 2 kV/div. 100 ns/div.
Fig. 3.2.2.2 Short 2 Pulse (1.5 nm Range) Scale: 2 kV/div. 500 ns/div.
Fig. 3.2.2.5 Middle 3 Pulse (24 nm Range) Scale: 2 kV/div. 500 ns/div.
Fig. 3.2.2.6 Long 1 Pulse (48 nm Range) Scale: 2 kV/div. 500 ns/div.
Fig. 3.2.2.7 Long 2 Pulse (96 nm Range) Scale: 2 kV/div. 500 ns/div.
DUMMY LOAD
CRYSTAL
DIRECTIONAL
DETECTOR OSCILLOSCOPE
COUPLER
ATT. 10 dB
MAGNETRON
(RADAR RF UNIT)
Fig. 3.2.3.1
Fig. 3.2.3.6 Middle 3 Pulse (24 nm Range) Scale: 50 mV/div. 100 ns/div.
Fig. 3.2.3.7 Long 1 Pulse (48 nm Range) Scale: 50 mV/div. 200 ns/div.
Fig. 3.2.3.8 Long 2 Pulse (96 nm Range) Scale: 50 mV/div. 200 ns/div.
POWER_BW=----- MHz
DIRECTIONAL
RADAR DUMMY LOAD
COUPLER
RF UNIT
EUT
EXTERNAL
MIXER Used only for 18 to
HP 11970K or 40 GHz
HP 11970A
SPECTRUM
ANALYZER
HP 71210C
Fig. 3.4.1
Note : (1) The characteristics of Notch Filter (No. 1) are described in Fig. 3.4.2 to Fig. 3.4.5.
(2) The characteristic of High Pass Filter (No. 2) is described in Fig. 3.4.6.
Radar Range Settings: 0.125 nm (Short 1)/1.5 nm (Short 2)/ 3 nm (Middle 1)/6 nm
(Middle 2)/24 nm (Middle 3)/48 nm (Long 1)/96 nm (Long 2)
3.5.3 Radar Range settings: 0.125 nm (Short 1)/1.5 nm (Short 2)/ 3 nm (Middle 1)/6 nm
(Middle 2)/24 nm (Middle 3)/48 nm (Long 1)/ 96 nm (Long 2)
(Measuring Antenna)
EUT
Spectrum Analyzer
10 m
ENVIRONMENTAL
FREQUENCY
CHAMBER
METER
X532B
POWER
METER
436A
with
POWER
SENSOR
8481A
Fig. 3.6.1
1) Radar Range settings : 0.125 nm (Short 1)/1.5 nm (Short 2)/ 3 nm (Middle 1)/ 6 nm
(Middle 2)/24 nm (Middle 3)/48 nm (Long 1)/ 96 nm (Long 2)
2) Ambient Temperature settings: - 20°C to + 50°C (10°C step)
3) Power Supply Voltage settings: 85 /115% of nominal voltage (85 VAC to 115 VAC)
"The frequency at which maximum emission occurs must be within the authorized bandwidth
and must not be closer than 1.5/T MHz to the upper and lower limits of the authorized band
width, where "T" is the pulse duration in microseconds. "
(FCC Rule, 80.209 (b))
"Lower limit frequency of the authorized band", f(LAUBW) = f0 - f(AUBW)/2 = 9360 MHz
3) Assignable frequency bandwidth : 200 MHz (between 9300 MHz and 9500 MHz)
(FCC Rule, 80.375 (d)-(1))
"Upper limit frequency of the assignable band", f(UASB) = 9500 MHz
"Lower limit frequency of the assignable band", f(LASB) = 9300 MHz
4) Guard Band (f(1.5/T)) :
Freq. (MHz)
9440.0
9435.0
9430.0
9425.0
Short 1
9420.0 Short 2
Middle 1
Middle 2
9415.0 Middle 3
Long 1
9410.0
9405.0
9400.0
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Temp. (C)
Fig. 3.6.2 Frequency Stability with Variation of Ambient Temperature
Whip antennas are used to determine the level of interference caused by the radar to
shipboard receivers. These antennas have the following characteristics (refer to
impedance charts attached):
CR1: Q3 driver
CR2: Protection for Reverse connection
CR11, CR21, CR31, CR41: Switching
CR42: Q41 driver
CR51: Switching
CR52: Reverse voltage protection
Q1 - Q2: Q3 driver
Q3: Switching
Q11: Overcurrent protection
Q22 - Q24: Switching
Q31: Overcurrent protection
Q41: Switching
Q42: Q41 driver
U1: 5 V regulator
U2: Voltage detector
U11: 12 V line switching controller
U12: 12 V line overcurrent detector
U21: Magnetron heater line switching controller
U22: 5 V line overcurrent detector
U31: 5 V line switching controller
U41: -12 V line switching controller
U51: 32 V line series regulator
U1: Comparator
U3: Photo-interrupter
Q3 - Q4: Buffer
5.2 Description of the circuitry and devices provided for determining and stabilizing
frequency, for suppression of spurious radiation, for limiting modulation, and for
limiting power
(1) generating TX modulator trigger pulses with the specified pulse-length that fire the
modulator FETs in MD Board.
TX trigger signals that are transmitted with the form of serial commands from the
Processor unit trigger the internal digital counter included in the Field Programmable
Gate Array U17 for counting up to the specified value, and then the TX modulator trigger
pulses with the specified pulse-length are produced.
(3) generating the Gain- and STC-control voltages to input the IF Amplifier Board.
According to the control parameters transferred from the Processor unit, Micro-
Processor U19 calculates the Gain and STC control voltages (waveforms) and places
those data into the internal memory of the Field Programmable Gate Array U17, and
generates the Gain- and STC-control voltages through the D/A converter U13.
(4) transferring the Heading and Bearing signals with the form converted to the serial
commands to the Processor unit.
The Heading and Bearing signals transferred from BP GEN Board is converted to the
specified serial bit streams (commands) in the Field Programmable Gate Array U17, and
then output to the Processor unit.
The function of the modulator board is to produce a high tension pulse that drives the
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Report no.: FLI 12-04-029
magnetron.
The high voltage (TX-HV) is charged into C1 to C4 through R1/R2 while the magnetron is
inactive. This high voltage is discharged through the pulse transformer T801 when
FETs Q1 - Q4 are conductive. T801 boosts the voltage and makes the magnetron
oscillate.
Because the magnetron oscillates only when the FET is conductive, transmission
pulselength can be changed by the pulselength fed to the gates of FETs.
Also the magnetron current is proportional to the discharging current via the FETs, thus
the transmission power can be changed by the number of FETs conductive.
The four pulses TRIG.1 to TRIG.4 are produced on the RFC board and applied to the gates
of Q1/Q2/Q3/Q4 via the current amplifiers Q5 to Q20.
The relay K1 and coil L1 are provided to eliminate the ringing at the trailing edge of the
transmission pulse across the primary winding of T801. This relay is active when the short
pulse 1 (Short 1) is selected.
Since the radar system uses a single antenna for transmission and reception, and the
efficient device is required for switching the transmitter and the receiver, this radar employs
circulator HY801. The circulator HY801 is a passive directional coupler with three ports.
The incoming signal is bent in the specific direction and emerges from another port with
little loss, the other port being isolated. In the same manner, the received signal entering
into another port is transferred to the other port, isolating one port. This operation of the
circulator protects the receiver during transmission and minimizes loss of the received
signal during reception.
The diode limiter is a self-activating switch made of two PIN diodes. Its function is to
attenuate the strong transmission signals from the magnetron and other boat radars
through the antenna and to protect the MIC (microwave IC) U801. The PIN diode conducts
at a certain level of microwave power. When the diode is the cut-off state, the input
impedance of the diode limiter matches the impedance of the waveguide, and the
microwave energy is delivered to the MIC. When the diode is put into a conductive state,
the waveguide is short-circuited and most of the input energy is reflected back to the
transmitter side. The strong signal is thus weakened down to about 50 mW by the diode
limiter.
U801 is a microwave IC (MIC) incorporating a local oscillator and mixer diodes. The
received microwave signal of 9410 MHz coming from the diode limiter is mixed with the
local oscillation signal in the mixer diodes and converted to IF signal of 60 MHz.
The 60 MHz IF signal from MIC is amplified by the IF amplifier, gain- and STC-controlled and
delivered to the Processor unit.
The IF amplifier consists of 5 main parts, i.e. the first stage amplifiers (Q1, Q2 and Q3,) VGA
(Variable Gain Amplifiers) (U7 and U9), the driver amplifier (U16), the logarithmic amplifier
(U3) and the tuning amplifier (U2, T2, T4, U4, U6 and U5) for tuning indicator.
- In the first stage amplifiers Q2 and Q3, the input IF signal is split into 2 stages by the 3 dB
Hybrid Splitter U20 and then each of the split IF signals are amplified, and finally combined
by the 3 dB Hybrid Combiner U21 for improving the saturation level of the IF signal.
- In the VGA (U7 and U9), the IF signal is gain- and STC-controlled.
- In the driver amplifier (U16), the cable loss of IF signal caused between the Antenna unit
and the Processor unit is compensated precedently. The amplified IF signal is then output
through the TNC type connector (J823) of which the output impedance is 75 Ω.
- In the logarithmic amplifier (U3), the 60 MHz IF signal is detected and the video signal is
generated. The video signal is also used for the Sub-display and for the auto-STC control.
The video signal for the Sub-display is combined with the 60 MHz IF signal from the driver
amplifier U16 by the Duplexer located in the output stage, and then output through the TNC
type connector (J823) of which the output impedance is also 75 Ω.
- In the tuning amplifier (U2, T2, T4, U4, U6 and U5) for the tuning indicator, the 60 MHz IF
signal from MIC is amplified by the IF amplifier U2, filtered with the band width of 2 MHz by
the T2, amplified with the timing gate, detected by the diode CR2, and then output through
the buffered amplifier U5. This detected signal consists of a DC voltage with the peak for the
center frequency of the 60 MHz input IF signal.
Bearing signal generator in the PCB generates a square wave signal used for synchronizing
the sweep-rotation of the Display with the rotation of the Antenna radiator.
U3 Photo-interrupter is composed of a LED and a photo-transistor, and in the shape of “U”.
The LED and the photo-transistor are enclosed in the U-shaped package with a gap that the
rotating timing disc goes through.
The timing disc is provided with 60 slits at regular intervals along its perimeter. This disc is
fitted on the scanner motor shaft and rotated at a speed of 360 rpm.
The photo-transistor receives the LED light through the slit of the timing disc, and converts
into the electric current. The output of the photo-transistor generates the signal voltage
across R3, and then is reshaped by the comparator IC U1, and buffered and sent to the
Processor unit for the use of the sweep-rotation signal.
Attachment A
[ TEST DATA for Clause 3.4. SPURIOUS EMISSIONS AT ANTENNA TERMINALS ]
1. Spurious emissions for 0.125 nm Range:
Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
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Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
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Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
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Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
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Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
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Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
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Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
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Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
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5 Spurious emissions for 24 nm Range:
Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
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Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
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6 Spurious emissions for 48 nm Range:
Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
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Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
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Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
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Emission limitations:
Emission limitations:
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Attachment C
[ TEST DATA for Clause 3.7 SUPPRESSION OF INTERFERENCE ABOARD SHIPS ]
b) Radar TX: O N
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b) Radar TX: O N
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b) Radar TX: O N
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b) Radar TX: O N
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b) Radar TX: O N
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b) Radar TX: O N
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b) Radar TX: O N
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2 Electromagnetic Field
b) Radar TX: O N
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b) Radar TX: O N
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b) Radar TX: O N
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b) Radar TX: O N
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b) Radar TX: O N
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b) Radar TX: O N
Note:
All components above the limit
are from external noise or
signals, not from Radar.
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b) Radar TX: O N
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b) Radar TX: O N
Note:
All components above the limit
are from external noise or
signals, not from Radar.
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b) Radar TX: O N
Note:
All components above the limit
are from external noise or
signals, not from Radar.
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b) Radar TX: O N
Note:
All components above the limit
are from external noise or
signals, not from Radar.
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b) Radar TX: O N
Note:
All components above the limit
are from external noise or
signals, not from Radar.
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b) Radar TX: O N
Note:
All components above the limit
are from external noise or
signals, not from Radar.
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b) Radar TX: O N
Note:
All components above the limit
are from external noise or
signals, not from Radar.
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b) Radar TX: O N
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