Vehicle: Unit-5 Body Materials, Trim and Mechanisms
Vehicle: Unit-5 Body Materials, Trim and Mechanisms
Vehicle: Unit-5 Body Materials, Trim and Mechanisms
Vehicle
It is the main constituent of paint in solid form. It is the actual colour
ingredient of the paint which forms the film. It is also known as binder. The most
commonly used binders are synthetic or natural resins such as acrylics vinylacrylics,
Vinyl-acetate/ethylenes; polyurethanes polyester, melamine resins, epoxy
or oils.
Pigment
Pigments are granular solids incorporated in the paint to contribute colour.
The pigments impart toughness, texture to give the paint special properties. It
does not allow the main vehicle to loosen the paint particles. Titanium dioxide is
used as pigment inmost paints Silica, Alumina ,Zirconium are also used as
pigments .These materials give better exterior durability or better hiding
performance.
Enamel
The enamel portion of paint is mixed with vehicle and pigment to give it
glazing appearance.
Drier
The drier in the paint allows the paint to dry as fast as possible so that
the paint may not slip down from the body of the automobile to give it a uniform
appearance at all parts of the body. Driers are oxygen carrying catalysts. They
accelerate the drying of the oil film by oxidation , polymerization and
condensation. Most effective driers used are resinates, linoleates , tungstates
and naphthalenes of copper, manganese, lead and zinc.
Thinners
The thinner in the paint is used to make it thin while mixing the vehicle,
pigments and drier . It enables the paint to spread easily and also to be sprayed
as the case may be. It is a volatile substance. Therefore evaporates after the
paint has been applied. Popularly used thinners are turpentines , mineral, spirits,
benzene, dipentene, napthalene, xylot, kerosene, methylated naphthalene etc.
7.2 Methods of Painting
Different types of painting methods are being applied for painting of
automobiles
(i) Brushing
(ii) Dipping
Coatings
Barrier between corrosive environment and metal.
Coatings may serve as sacrificial anodes (zinc on steels ) or release substances that resist
corrosion.
Metal coatings - Noble coat - Silver, copper, nickel, chromium, tin, lead on steels (ensure pore -
free, uniform, adherent coating; favorable anode / cathode ratio to minimise galvanic attacks).
Sacrificial coatings – Zinc, aluminium, cadmium on steels. (steel is cathodic to plated metal).
Coatings can be applied through hot dipping, hot spraying, electroplating, electro-less plating,
vapour deposition and metal cladding. Aluminium, stainless steel, titanium, platinum etc can be
cladded on various metallic substrate for enhanced corrosion protection (physical or chemical).
Other types of surface treatments.
Modification of substrates through ion implantation and laser processing. Inorganic coatings:
glass, cement, ceramic and chemical conversion coatings. Chemical conversion: Anodizing,
oxide, chromate, phosphatizing. Organic coatings: Paints, lacquers, varnishes (Resin, solvent +
pigment in the coating liquid). High performance organic coatings used in petroleum industries.
Development of corrosion – resistant synthetic resins.
Anti - corrosion paints – various types additives to improve corrosion resistance, durability and
impermeability.