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    MOAH

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    arcepp
    The document discusses migration from packaging, specifically focusing on mineral oil migration. It provides background on mineral oils, where they come from, analysis challenges, and possible solutions to reduce migration such as using virgin fibers, functional barriers, and adsorbents. The document also reviews relevant legislation and retail demands around limiting mineral oils in food.

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    MOAH

    Uploaded by

    arcepp
    90 views40 pages
    The document discusses migration from packaging, specifically focusing on mineral oil migration. It provides background on mineral oils, where they come from, analysis challenges, and possible solutions to reduce migration such as using virgin fibers, functional barriers, and adsorbents. The document also reviews relevant legislation and retail demands around limiting mineral oils in food.

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    The document discusses migration from packaging, specifically focusing on mineral oil migration. It provides background on mineral oils, where they come from, analysis challenges, and possible solutions to reduce migration such as using virgin fibers, functional barriers, and adsorbents. The document also reviews relevant legislation and retail demands around limiting mineral oils in food.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    90 views40 pages

    MOAH

    Uploaded by

    arcepp
    The document discusses migration from packaging, specifically focusing on mineral oil migration. It provides background on mineral oils, where they come from, analysis challenges, and possible solutions to reduce migration such as using virgin fibers, functional barriers, and adsorbents. The document also reviews relevant legislation and retail demands around limiting mineral oils in food.

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    MIGRATION FROM PACKAGING

    ARE FUNCTIONAL BARRIERS THE ANSWER?

    Greener Packaging Seminar

    17 november 2016
    PACK4FOOD
    M I SSI ON

    MINDER SMOSSEN MET ETEN

    D O O R B E T E R T E V E R PAK K E N
    PACK4FOOD
    STR U C TU R E

    I N D U S T RY RESEARCH INSTITUTES

    FILLING
    FOOD
    SYSTEM

    GAS PRINTING

    SUPPORT PACKAGING

    RAW
    MATERIAL
    R E TAI L
    PACK4FOOD
    AC TI VI TI ES
    OPTIBARRIER
    C O LLEC TI V E R ESEAR C H PR O J EC T

    ► 2015 – 2019 Innovation in quality and safety of packaged food products


    ► 6 research groups
    ► 45 companies Gas Light Migration

    Effect of divers barrier materials on Effect wavelength (UV – Effect


    O2-ingress in the package – visible light) and light functional barrier on
    Consequences towards quality ánd intensity on quality specific migration
    safety food products packaged food products

    Overpackaging vs. underpackaging


    MIGRATION OF MINERAL OILS
    W H AT’ S TH E B I G D EAL?
    MIGRATION OF MINERAL OILS
    W H AT’ S TH E B I G D EAL?

    ► FoodWatch market study 120 products – 2015 (NL, D, F)

    ► The Netherlands
    ► Most of the food products (92%) were contaminated with MOSH, with 25% more
    than 5 mg/kg.
    ► Close to half of the food products (47%) were contaminated with MOAH,
    even when no MOAH in primary packaging.
    MINERAL OILS
    W H AT AR E W E TALK I N G AB O U T?

    ► Complex mixture of hydrocarbons


    ► Named by number of carbon atoms
    ► “Carbon number”
    ► Increasing carbon number
    ► Complexity 
    ► Molecular size, boiling point and viscosity 
    # of compounds

    C1 C5 C10 C15 C20 C25 C30 C35 C40 C45 C50 … “mineral oils”
    MINERAL OILS
    W H AT AR E W E TALK I N G AB O U T?

    ► Migration potential
    Paperboard Food (semolina)
    ► C16 – C24

    migration

    carbon number carbon number

    FOGRA Forschungsgesellschaft Druck e.V., round robin study 2012


    MINERAL OILS
    W H AT AR E W E TALK I N G AB O U T?

    MOSH M O AH
    MINERAL OILS
    W H AT AR E W E TALK I N G AB O U T?

    MOSH M O AH
    ► Saturated bonds ► At least one benzene ring
    ► Short chains easily absorbed ► Unsaturated bonds
    ► Accumulation ► Metabolized
    ► Inflammatory response in Fischer 344 ► Suspected to include carcinogenic and
    rats: tumour promotors genotoxic compounds
    ► Usually 20% of mineral oil
    ACCUMULATION IN TISSUE
    B Y FAR TH E LAR G EST C O N TAM I N AN T O F TH E H U M AN B O D Y

    ► 37 individuals, a quarter contained more than 5g mineral oil hydrocarbons


    (MOSH) in their body
    ► Mostly in fat tissue
    ► Virtually no MOAH: metabolized and eliminated
    ► Increases with age

    Mineral oil in human tissues, L. Barp, C. Kornauth, T. Würger, M. Rudas, M. Biedermann, A. Reiner, N. Concin, K. Grob,
    Food and Chemical Toxicology 72 (2014), 312-321
    MINERAL OILS
    W H ER E D O TH EY C O M E FR O M ?
    MINERAL OILS
    W H Y FO C U S O N PAC K AG I N G ?

    EFSA OPINION - 2012


    MINERAL OILS
    W H Y FO C U S O N PAC K AG I N G ?

    EFSA OPINION - 2012


    MINERAL OILS
    R EC YC LED C AR D B O AR D

    ► 300 – 1000 mg/kg recycled cardboard


    ► from newspaper printing inks
    ► 15 – 20% MOAH (up to 35%)

    ► trouble for dry food with large surface area: rice, pasta, powder
    MIGRATION PATHWAYS
    Environment

    Secundary packaging

    Primary packaging

    Food
    POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
    Environment
    VI R G I N FI B R E

    Secundary packaging

    Primary packaging

    Food
    POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
    Environment
    ALL VI R G I N FI B R E + C O M PLETE C O N TR O L O F TO TAL C H AI N

    Secundary packaging

    Primary packaging

    Food
    POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
    Environment
    FU N C TI O N AL B AR R I ER

    Secundary packaging

    Primary packaging

    Food
    POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
    Environment
    FU N C TI O N AL B AR R I ER

    ► as a liner/coating Secundary packaging


    ► inner bag

    Primary packaging

    Food
    POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
    Environment
    SC AVEN G ER

    Secundary packaging

    Primary packaging

    Food
    POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
    Environment
    SC AVEN G ER

    ► saturation Secundary packaging

    Primary packaging

    Food
    LEGISLATION
    1 9 3 5 /20 04

    Materials and articles […] shall be manufactured […] so that, under normal or
    foreseeable conditions of use, they do not transfer their constituents to food in
    quantities which could
    (a) endanger human health or
    (b) bring about an unacceptable change in the composition of the food or
    (c) bring about a deterioration in the organoleptic characteristics thereof.
    LEGISLATION
    LEGISLATION-TO-BE?
    G ER M AN D R AF T

    ► Limits on what the packaging may contain


    ► MOSH < 24 mg/kg paper or cardboard C16-C35
    ► MOAH < 6 mg/kg paper or cardboard C16-C35
    (C16-C25 for dry foods stored at room temperature)
    ► Can be ignored if there is in the food (from migration and other sources)
    ► MOSH < 2 mg/kg food C20-C35
    ► MOAH < 0.5 mg/kg food C16-C35
    NATIONAL LEGISLATION
    TH E SW I SS O R D I N AN C E O N PR I N TI N G I N K S - 2 0 1 3

    ► A-list: evaluated substances with restrictions


    ► B-list: non-evaluated substances: 0.01 mg/kg food

    ► MOSH
    ► white mineral oils on A-list
    ► many other derivatives mentioned on B-list
    ► MOAH
    ► B-list
    RETAIL
    LEG I SLATI O N ?

    ► Companies are confronted with demands from retail


    ► Often stricter than ‘legislation’
    ► Limits of mineral oils in food (sources of contamination)
    ► “Below detection limit”

    Detection limits for food


    1 mg/kg (2009, Biedermann, Fiselier & Grob)
    0.2 mg/kg food (2012, Biedermann et al.)
    0.1 mg/kg (2013, Biedermann et al.)
    0.3 mg/kg oil (2014, Zurfluh, Biedermann & Grob)
    0.1 mg/kg dry food (2014, Zurfluh, Biedermann & Grob)
    0.1 mg/kg rice (2016, Lommatsch et al.)
    MINERAL OILS FROM FOOD AND BOARD
    BfR 2012
    SEPERATION OF MOSH AND MOAH
    AN ALY TI C S - PR I N C I PLE

    BfR
    MINERAL OILS
    C O M PLEX M I XTU R E

    ► Impossible to seperate
    ► Interference from POSH and PAO
    ► Interference from food components

    C16 C20 C24 C28

    Olive oil

    OptiBarrier - Preliminary results, PhD-thesis Maarten Baele, UGent


    ANALYSIS
    M I N ER AL O I LS
    ROBUSTNESS OF ANALYSIS?
    FO G R A 2 0 1 2

    FOGRA Forschungsgesellschaft Druck e.V., round robin study 2012


    MIGRATION
    N O T O N LY M I N ER AL O I LS

    ► Many more possible migrating components


    ► Additives, plasticizers, photoinitiatiors, …
    ► Also polar substances (as opposed to apolar MO)
    ► Source specific components: e.g. DIPN from carbonless
    copy paper, contaminant of recycled board

    ► More than 250 different unidentified or unevaluated


    substances than may migrate >0.01 mg/kg food
    Biedermann & Grob, 2013
    SOLUTIONS
    PO SSI B LE STR ATEG I ES

    ► Internal bags with a functional barrier layer


    ► current technology, readily available polymers

    ► Coating of the internal surface of paperboard with a functional barrier


    ► complex: closure of the box, damage during creasing/cuts, set-off

    ► Adding an adsorbent to the paperboard to prevent release


    ► charcoal
    SOLUTIONS
    PO SSI B LE STR ATEG I ES

    ► Internal bags with a functional barrier layer


    Propafilm RCU Barrièrefolie
    EVOH Barrièrefolie
    ► Coating of the internal surface of paperboard with a functional barrier
    Foodboard Walki.MOST Miprotex
    Micro-Pack Algro Guard M Skalax
    Unifood Ultramid

    ► Adding an adsorbent to the paperboard to prevent release


    Catcher board MB 12
    OPTIBARRIER
    C O LLEC TI V E R ESEAR C H PR O J EC T

    ► 2015 – 2019 Innovation in quality and safety of packaged food products


    ► 6 research groups
    ► 45 companies Gas Light Migration

    Effect of divers barrier materials on O2- Effect wavelength Effect


    ingress in the package – (UV – visible light) functional barrier on
    Consequences towards quality ánd and light intensity on quality specific migration
    safety food products packaged food products

    Overpackaging vs. underpackaging


    OPTIBARRIER
    EVALU ATI O N O F FU N C TI O N AL B AR R I ER S

    ► Commercial functional barriers: how effective are they?


    ► Innovative strategies: FLAMINCO – new materials!
    ► Not only for MOSH/MOAH, also many more contaminants

    ► Not useful to evaluate every contaminant: 4 candidates selected in wide spectrum


    of volatility, polarity, … to model complex mixture
    ► Spiked on donor paperboard, stored at elevated temperatures
    ► Receptor periodically analysed
    OPTIBARRIER
    EVALU ATI O N O F FU N C TI O N AL B AR R I ER S

    Barrier A
    Extent of migration

    Barrier B

    Barrier C

    1%
    Storage time

    Barrier efficiency
    PACK4FOOD
    I N N O VATI O N I N PAC K AG I N G

    ► Participation OptiBarrier: www.Pack4Food.be/project/OptiBarrier

    ► Open training 9 February 2017: Mineral oils and food packaging


    www.Pack4Food.be/opleiding

    ► Coupure Links 653


    B-9000 Gent

    ► 09/264.99.30
    info@Pack4Food.be

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