User's Guide For bq25570 Battery Charger Evaluation Module For Energy Harvesting

User's Guide
SLUUAA7A – July 2013 – Revised August 2014
User's Guide for bq25570 Battery Charger Evaluation

Module for Energy Harvesting
This user’s guide describes the bq25570 evaluation module (EVM), how to perform a stand-alone
evaluation and how to allow the EVM to interface with the system and host. The boost charger output is
configured to deliver up to 4.2-V maximum voltage to its output, VSTOR, using external resistors. This
voltage will be applied to the storage element as long as the storage element voltage at VBAT is above
the internally programmed undervoltage of 2.0 V. The integrated buck converter provides up to 1.8 V and
100 mA at VOUT. The VBAT_OK indicator toggles high when VSTOR ramps up to 3.0 V and toggles low
when VSTOR ramps down to 2.8 V.
Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 EVM Features ....................................................................................................... 2
1.2 General Description ................................................................................................ 2
1.3 Design and Evaluation Considerations .......................................................................... 3
1.4 EVM Schematic ..................................................................................................... 4
1.5 EVM I/O Connections .............................................................................................. 5
2 EVM Performance Specification Summary ............................................................................... 7
3 Test and Measurment Summary........................................................................................... 7
3.1 Test Setups and Results ........................................................................................... 8
4 Bill of Materials and Board Layout ....................................................................................... 17
4.1 Bill of Materials .................................................................................................... 17
4.2 EVM Board Layout ................................................................................................ 18
5 PCB Layout Guideline ..................................................................................................... 20
List of Figures
1 EVM Schematic .............................................................................................................. 4
2 Test Setup for Measuring Boost Charger Efficiency .................................................................... 9
3 Charger Efficiency versus Input Voltage .................................................................................. 9
4 Charger Efficiency versus Input Current ................................................................................ 10
5 Test Setup for Measuring Buck Converter Efficiency ................................................................. 11
6 Buck Converter Efficiency versus Output Current .................................................................... 11
7 Test Setup for Performing Load Transient on Buck Output .......................................................... 12
8 50-mA Load Transient on VOUT ........................................................................................... 12
9 Charger Operational Waveforms During 50-mA Load Transient .................................................... 13
10 Buck Operational Waveforms During 50-mA Load Transient ........................................................ 14
11 Test Setup for Charging a Super Capacitor from Buck Output ...................................................... 15
12 Charging a Super Cap from VOUT ........................................................................................ 15
13 EVM PCB Top Assembly .................................................................................................. 18
14 EVM PCB Top Layer ...................................................................................................... 18
15 EVM PCB Bottom Layer ................................................................................................... 19
List of Tables
1 I/O Connections and Configuration for Evaluation of bq25570 EVM ................................................. 5
2 Bill of Materials ............................................................................................................. 17
SLUUAA7A – July 2013 – Revised August 2014 User's Guide for bq25570 Battery Charger Evaluation Module for Energy 1
Submit Documentation Feedback Harvesting
Copyright © 2013–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Introduction www.ti.com
1 Introduction
1.1 EVM Features

• Evaluation module for bq25570
• Ultra-low power boost charger and buck converter with battery management for energy harvester
applications
• Resistor-programmable settings for over voltage providing flexible battery management
• Programmable push-pull output indicator for battery status (VBAT_OK)
• Test points for key signals available for testing purpose – easy probe hook-up.
• Jumpers available – easy to change settings
1.2 General Description

The bq25570 is an integrated energy harvesting Nano-Power management solution that is well suited for
meeting the special needs of ultra-low power applications. The product is specifically designed to
efficiently acquire and manage the microwatts (µW) to miliwatts (mW) of power generated from a variety of
high output impedance (HiZ) DC sources like photovoltaic (solar) or thermal electric generators; or with an
AC/DC rectifier, a piezoelectric generator. The bq25570 implements a highly efficient, pulse-frequency
modulated (PFM) boost converter/charger targeted toward products and systems, such as wireless sensor
networks (WSN) which have stringent power and operational demands. Assuming a depleted storage
element has been attached, the bq25570 DC-DC boost converter/charger that requires only microwatts of
power to begin operating in cold start mode. Once the boost converter output, VSTOR, reaches ~1.8 V
and can now power the converter, the main boost converter can now more efficiently extract power from
low voltage output harvesters such as thermoelectric generators (TEGs) or single and dual cell solar
panels. For example, assuming the HiZ input source can provide at least 5 µW typical and the load on
VSTOR (including the storage element leakage current) is less than 1 µA of leakage current, the boost
converter can be started with VIN_DC as low as 330 mV typical, and once VSTOR reaches 1.8 V, can
continue to harvest energy down to VIN_DC ≃ 120 mV. The integrated PFM buck converter is also
powered from VSTOR and, assuming enough input power is available, provides up to 100 mA from the
VOUT pin. The VOUT voltage is externally programmed to slightly less than the VSTOR voltage.
HiZ DC sources have a maximum output power point (MPP) that varies with ambient conditions. For
example, a solar panel's MPP varies with the amount of light on the panel and with temperature. The MPP
is listed by the harvesting source manufacturer as a percentage of its open circuit (OC) voltage. Therefore,
the bq25570 implements a programmable maximum power point tracking (MPPT) sampling network to
optimize the transfer of power into the device. The bq25570 periodically samples the open circuit input
voltage every 16 seconds by disabling the boost converter for 256 ms and stores the programmed MPP
ratio of the OC voltage on the external reference capacitor (C2) at VREF_SAMP. Typically solar cells are
at their MPP when loaded to ~70–80% of their OC voltage and TEGs at ~50%. While the storage element
is less than the user programmed maximum voltage (VBAT_OV), the boost charger loads the harvesting
source until VIN_DC reaches the MPP (voltage at VREF_SAMP). This results in the boost charger
regulating the input voltage of the converter until the output reaches VBAT_OV, thus transferring the
maximum amount of power currently available per ambient conditions to the output.
The battery undervoltage, VBAT_UV, threshold is checked continuously to ensure that the internal battery
FET, connecting VSTOR to VBAT, does not turn on until VSTOR is above the VBAT_UV threshold (2.0
V).The over voltage (VBAT_OV) setting initially is lower than the programmed value at startup (varies on
conditions) and is updated after the first ~32 ms. Subsequent updates are every ~64 ms. The VBAT_OV
threshold sets maximum voltage on VSTOR and the boost converter stops switching when the voltage on
VSTOR reaches the VBAT_OV threshold. The open circuit input voltage (VIN_OC) is measured every ~16
seconds in order for the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) circuit to sample and hold the input
regulation voltage. This periodic update continually optimizes maximum power delivery based on the
harvesting conditions.
2 User's Guide for bq25570 Battery Charger Evaluation Module for Energy SLUUAA7A – July 2013 – Revised August 2014
Harvesting Submit Documentation Feedback
www.ti.com Introduction
The bq25570 was designed with the flexibility to support a variety of energy storage elements. The
availability of the sources from which harvesters extract their energy can often be sporadic or time-
varying. Systems will typically need some type of energy storage element, such as a re-chargeable
battery, super capacitor, or conventional capacitor. The storage element will make certain constant power
is available when needed for the systems. In general, the storage element also allows the system to
handle any peak currents that can not directly come from the input source. It is important to remember
that batteries and super capacitors can have significant leakage currents that need to be included with
determining the loading on VSTOR.
To prevent damage to a customer’s storage element, both maximum and minimum voltages are monitored
against the internally programmed under-voltage (VBAT_UV) and user programmed over-voltage
(VBAT_OV) levels.
To further assist users in the strict management of their energy budgets, the bq25570 toggles a user
programmable battery good flag (VBAT_OK), checked every 64 ms, to signal the microprocessor when
the voltage on an energy storage element or capacitor has risen above (OK_HYST threshold) or dropped
below (OK_PROG threshold) a pre-set critical level. To prevent the system from entering an undervoltage
condition or if starting up into a depleted storage element, it is highly recommended to isolate the system
load from VSTOR by 1) setting VBAT_OK equal to the buck converter's enable signal VOUT_EN and 2)
using an NFET to invert the BAT_OK signal so that it drives the gate of PFET, which isolates the system
load from VSTOR.
For details, see the bq25570 data sheet (SLUSBH2).
1.3 Design and Evaluation Considerations

This user's guide is not a replacement for the data sheet. Reading the data sheet first will help in
understanding the operations and features of this IC. In this document, “battery” or "VBAT" will be used
but one could substitute any appropriate storage element.
System Design Tips

Compared to designing systems powered from an AC/DC converter or large battery (for example, low
impedance sources), designing systems powered by HiZ sources requires that the system load-per-unit
time (for example, per day for solar panel) be compared to the expected loading per the same time unit.
Often there is not enough real time input harvested power (for example, at night for a solar panel) to run
the system in full operation. Therefore, the energy harvesting circuit collects more energy than being
drawn by the system when ambient conditions allow and stores that energy in a storage element for later
use to power the system. See SLUC461 for an example spreadsheet on how to design a real solar-panel-
powered system in three easy steps:
1. Referring the system rail power back to VSTOR
2. Referring the required VSTOR power back to bq255xx input power
3. Computing the minimum solar panel area from the input power requirement
As demonstrated in the spreadsheet, for any boost converter, you must perform a power balance, POUT /
PIN = (VSTOR × ISTOR) / (VIN × IIN)= η where η is the estimated efficiency for the same or very similar
configuration in order to determine the minimum input power needed to supply the desired output power.
This IC is a highly efficient charger for a storage element such as a battery or super capacitor. The main
difference between a battery and a super capacitor is the capacity curve. The battery typically has little or
no capacity below a certain voltage, where as the capacitor does have capacity at lower voltages. Both
can have significant leakage currents that will appear as a DC load on VSTOR/VBAT.
1.4 EVM Schematic

Figure 1 is the schematic for this EVM.
VSTOR
VSTOR
TP4 4.2V (Adj. up to 5.25V), 100mA

VIN1 VSTOR J4
R3 1
VSTOR
4.99M
C5 C4 + C10 GND
4.7uF 0.1uF J5
R4 JP1
GND
10M VOC_SAMP VBAT
TP5
VOC_SAMP VBAT J6
J1
J7 4.2V (Adj. up to 5.25V)
50% JP4 80%
JP1 to R3-R5
R5 TP6 VBAT
VIN C6
4.99M J10
100u GND
0.1V-4.0V J8
VOUT
TP3
LBUCK
VIN J2 LBOOST TP2
L1 L2 1.8V (Adj. 1.3V-5.05V), 50mA
GND J11
VOUT TP8 GND
22uH 10 uH J9
C3 + C9
J3 BQ25570RGR
21
20
19
18
17
16
U1 GND
22uF 1
J12
PWPD
NC
LBUCK
LBOOST
VBAT
VSTOR
GND
TP1
GND
1 VSS VSS 15
VIN1 2 VIN_DC BQ25570RGR VOUT 14
C8 VOC_SAMP 3 VOC_SAMP VBAT_OK 13

+ C1 C7
4 VREF_SAMP VOUT_SET 12
4.7uF 0.1uF
TP9 5 EN OK_PROG 11
1
VOUT_EN
OK_HYST
VBAT_OV
VRDIV
J13
NC
BAT_OK
10
6
GND
VRDIV
VRDIV
BAT_OK
R6
JP6
887k
VREF_SAMP TP7 VOUT_EN
JP5
GND VRDIV
R9
R1 R7 4.22M
C2 7.5M 6.98M
0.01uF
VBAT
VBAT
R2 R8 R10
/EN 5.76M 5.36M 8.66M
GND JP2
VSTOR
VSTOR
VOUT_EN
JP3
GND
1 Not Installed
Figure 1. EVM Schematic
www.ti.com Introduction
1.5 EVM I/O Connections
Table 1. I/O Connections and Configuration for Evaluation of bq25570 EVM

Headers and Description Comments/Recommended Setting
Terminals
J1–VIN Input source (+) If VIN_DC is higher than VSTOR and VSTOR is equal to VBAT_OV, the input VIN_DC is pulled to ground
through a small resistance to stop further charging of the attached battery or capacitor. It is critical that if
J2 - VIN/GND Input source terminal block
this case is expected, the impedance of the source attached to VIN_DC be higher than 20 Ω and not a
J3–GND Input source return (–) low impedance source.
J4 - VSTOR Boost charger output (+) Buck converter input
J5 - VSTOR/GND Boost charger output terminal block
J6 - GND Boost charger return (-)
J7– VBAT Rechargeable storage element connection (+)
J8 - VBAT/GND Rechargeable storage element terminal block
J9–GND Rechargeable storage element connection return (–)
J10 – VOUT Buck converter output (+)
J11 - VOUT/GND Buck converter output terminal block
J12 -GND Buck converter output (-)
J13 – BAT_OK Battery Status Indicator (+/-)
Test Points
TP1 Input source (+)
TP2 Boost charger switching node
TP3 Buck converter switching node
TP4 Boost charger output, VSTOR (+)
TP5 Rechargeable storage element connection, BAT_SEC (+)
TP6 Buck converter output, VOUT (+)
TP7 VRDIV node CAUTION Providing an additional low impedance current path in parallel with the feedback resistors , for
example, with a 10 MΩ scope probe attached, will degrade regulation accuracy.
TP8 Output return (-)
TP9 Input return (-)
Jumpers
JP1 – VOC_SAMP VOC_SAMP = external resistors sized to configure the IC Uninstalled (NOTE: Do not install if JP4 shunt is installed)
to regulate VIN to 75% of VOC_SAMP.
JP2 - /EN /EN = GND enables the IC. /EN=VSTOR disables the IC. /EN=GND
JP3 - VOUT_EN VOUT_EN = VSTOR enables the buck converter when VOUT_EN=VSTOR (NOTE: Do not install if JP6 shunt is installed)
VSTOR is up VOUT_EN = GND disables the buck
converter
Table 1. I/O Connections and Configuration for Evaluation of bq25570 EVM (continued)
Headers and Description Comments/Recommended Setting
Terminals
JP4 - VOC_SAMP VOC_SAMP = 80% configures the IC to regulate VIN to JP4 = 80% (NOTE: Do not install if JP1 shunt is installed)
80% of OCV. VOC_SAMP = 50% configures the IC to
regulate VIN to 50% of OCV.
JP5 - VREF_SAMP to VREF_SAMP = GND Uninstalled (NOTE: Providing an additional leakage path for the VREF_SAMP capacitor for example,
GND through a 10 MΩ scope probe attached to VREF_SAMP, will degrade input voltage regulation
performance).
JP6 - VBAT_OK to BAT_OK=VOUT_EN configures the buck converter to be Uninstalled (NOTE: Do not install if JP3 shunt is installed)
VOUT_EN enabled only when VSTOR is greater than the VBAT_OK
threshold per the resistors (2.786V on the EVM)
www.ti.com EVM Performance Specification Summary
2 EVM Performance Specification Summary

See Data Sheet “Recommended Operating Conditions” for component adjustments. For details about the
resistor programmable settings, see bq25570 data sheet (SLUSBH2).
MIN NOM MAX UNIT

VIN(DC) DC input voltage into VIN_DC 0.13 4.0 V
VIN_Start-up(DC) DC minimum start-up voltage into depleted storage element, no load attached 330 mV
to VSTOR or VOUT and IBATLEAK <=1uA
VBAT_OV Battery Over Voltage Threshold –min and max values include +/- 2% set point 4.04 4.18 4.32 V
accuracy and +/-1% resistor tolerance but excludes effects of output ripple
VOUT Buck Converter Output Voltage for IVOUT < 95 mA - min and max values 1.75 1.8 1.85 V
include +/- 2% set point regulation accuracy and +/-1% resistor tolerance but
excludes effects of output voltage ripple, line regulation and load regulation
OK_HYST indication toggles high when VSTOR ramps up - min and max 2.70 2.79 2.88 V
values include +/- 2% set point accuracy and +/-1% resistor tolerance
VBAT_OK
OK_PROG indication toggles low when VSTOR ramps down - min and max 2.89 2.99 3.09 V
values include +/- 2% set point accuracy and +/-1% resistor tolerance
MPPT Maximum Power Point Tracking, Resistor Programmed % of Open Circuit 80%
Voltage
CBAT A 100 µF low leakage ceramic capacitor is installed on the EVM as the 100 µF
minimum recommended equivalent battery capacitance.
See SLUC484 spreadsheet tool to assist with modifying the MPPT, VBAT_OV, VBAT_OK and VOUT
resistors for your application.
CAUTION
If changing the board resistors or the capacitor on VREF_SAMP (C2), it is
important to remember that residual solder flux on a board has a resistivity in
the 1-20 MΩ range. Therefore, flux remaining in parallel with changed 1-20 MΩ
resistors can result in a lower effective resistances, which will produce different
operating thresholds than expected. Similarly flux remaining in parallel with the
VREF_SAMP capacitor provides an additional leakage path, which results in
the input voltage regulation set point drooping during the 16-s MPPT cycle.
Therefore, it is highly recommended that boards be throughly cleaned twice,
once after removing the old components and again after installing the new
components. If possible, the boards should be cleaned until the wash solution
measures ionic contamination greater than 50 MΩ.
3 Test and Measurment Summary

Test Setup Tips
Energy harvesting power sources are high impedance sources. A source-meter configured as a current
source with voltage compliance set to the harvester's open circuit voltage is the best way to simulate the
harvester. When simulating a HiZ energy harvester with low output impedance lab power supply, it is
necessary to simulate the harvester's impedance with a physical resistor between the supply, VPS, and VIN
of the EVM. When the MPPT sampling circuit is active, VIN = VPS = the harvester open circuit voltage
(VOC) because there is no input current to create a drop across the simulated impedance (that is, open
circuit); therefore, VPS should be set to the intended harvester's open circuit voltage. When the boost
converter is running, it draws only enough current until the voltage at VIN_DC droops to the MPPT's
sampled voltage that is stored at VREF_SAMP.
Test and Measurment Summary www.ti.com
The battery (storage element) can be replaced with a simulated battery. Often electronic 4 quadrant loads
give erratic results with a “battery charger” due to the charger changing states (fast-charge to termination
and refresh) while the electronic load is changing loads to maintain the “battery” voltage. The charging and
loading get out of phase and create a large signal oscillation which is due to the 4 quadrant meter. A
simple circuit can be used to simulate a battery and works well and can quickly be adjusted for voltage. It
consists of load resistor (~10 Ω, 2 W) to pull the output down to some minimum storage voltage (sinking
current part of battery) and a lab supply connected to the BAT pin via a diode. The lab supply biases up
the battery voltage to the desired level. It may be necessary to add more capacitance across R1.
D1
C A
BAT+
R1
GND
3.1 Test Setups and Results
3.1.1 Boost Charger Efficiency

The test setup is shown in Figure 2. The specific equipment used for the test results in Figure 3 and
Figure 4 is listed below:
1. VIN_DC was connected to a Keithley 2420 source-meter configured as a current source with voltage
compliance (clamp) set to the open circuit voltage.
2. VSTOR was connected a Keithley 2420 source-meter configured as a voltage source set to the
VSTOR voltage. The current sunk by the source-meter was the output current of the charger
www.ti.com Test and Measurment Summary
SM2
SM2
Source (Sink)
Meter
+ Configured
- As Voltage
Source
SM1
SM1
Source/Sink
Meter
Configured
As Current
Source
Figure 2. Test Setup for Measuring Boost Charger Efficiency
100
90
80
70 IIN = 100 PA
Efficiency (%)
60
50
40
30
20 VSTOR = 2.0 V
10 VSTOR = 3.0 V
VSTOR = 5.5 V
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
Input Voltage (V)
Figure 3. Charger Efficiency versus Input Voltage
100
90 VIN = 0.5 V
80
Efficiency (%)
70
60
50
40
VSTOR = 1.8 V
30 VSTOR = 3.0 V
VSTOR = 5.5 V
20
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Input Current (mA)
Figure 4. Charger Efficiency versus Input Current
Because the boost converter regulates input voltage instead of output voltage, uses PFM switching,
operates at very low currents and has MPPT, efficiency cannot be measured using the same test setup as
for an output regulating, higher power, fixed frequency PWM switching boost converter. The VSTOR
output must be held at a fixed voltage (below VBAT_OV threshold) by an external source that is capable
of sinking current, with that sunk current being the measured output current. In addition to filtering bursts
of current due to PFM switching and the ripple voltage voltage on VIN_DC due to input voltage regulation,
the series input current meter and input voltage meter must be set to filtering, or averaging, or both, which
will result in longer than usual measurement times, but not longer than the 16 s MPPT sample time.
Measurements for both VIN and IN will be most accurate when taken at the midpoint of the 16 s MPPT
period. Remote sensing by the source-meters is possible but, on the input side, the source-meter output
regulation loop and the charger MPPT input regulation loop may interfere with each other and cause the
input voltage to oscillate. Adding a large capacitor across VIN_DC and GND will eliminate this oscillation
but the capacitor's leakage current will inflate the input current measurement and result in lower efficiency.
See SLUA691 for a detailed explanation on how to take these and other measurements with source-
meters.
3.1.2 Buck Converter Efficiency

The test setup is shown in Figure 5. The specific equipment used for the test results in Figure 6 is listed
below:
1. VSTOR was connected to a low impedance power supply with a series current meter to measure
current. The current meter must be able to measure currents in the nA range and may require manual
range adjustments so that the range is always ≤ 10 X the expected current for best accuracy. The
voltage meter measures the input voltage as close to the IC VSTOR pin as possible.
2. VOUT was connected to a resistor box with a series current meter to measure the current. (NOTE: The
current meter must be able to measure currents in the nA range and may require manual range
adjustments so that the range is always ≤ 10 X the expected current for best accuracy.) The voltage
meter measured the VOUT voltage as close to the IC VOUT pin as possible
+ VM1 -
+ PS1 -
+
CM1
-
-
VM2
+
+ CM2 -
Figure 5. Test Setup for Measuring Buck Converter Efficiency
100
90
80
Efficiency (%)
70 VOUT = 1.8V, TA = 25oC
60
VSTOR = 2.1V
50
VSTOR = 3.6V
VSTOR = 5.5V
40
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Output Current (mA)
Figure 6. Buck Converter Efficiency versus Output Current
The buck converter is powered from VSTOR; therefore, to measure its efficiency alone, VIN_DC should
be left floating, and the input power supply applied to VSTOR. To filter bursts of current due to PFM
switching, the series input current meter from the VSTOR supply must be set to the highest level of
filtering and/or averaging, which will result in longer than usual measurement times.
Alternatively, these measurements can be taken with source-meters instead of discrete power supply,
resistor load box and meters. The source-meter on VSTOR is configured as a voltage source. The source-
meter on OUT can be configured as either a current source that sinks current (i.e., negative current) or as
a voltage source with voltage at least 100 mV below the lowest expected regulation voltage point.
3.1.3 Buck Converter Load Transient

below:
1. VIN_DC was connected to a low impedance power supply by a series 100-Ω resistor. JP4 sets the
MPPT voltage to 50% of VIN_OC.
2. VOUT was connected to a switch with a series resistor that switches in a 36 Ω resistor.
3. VBAT was connected a 3.2-V charged 4.2-V coin cell.
4. VSTOR, VOUT and VIN_DC was monitored by oscilloscope voltage scope probes attached to TP4,
TP6, and TP1 respectively, and GND. IOUT was measured with a current probe.
4.2V coin cell
100
100 :
:
+
2.0V 36 :
-
Figure 7. Test Setup for Performing Load Transient on Buck Output
Figure 8. 50-mA Load Transient on VOUT
3.1.4 Charger Operation During Load Transient

below:
1. VIN_DC, VBAT and VOUT are configured as explained in Section 3.1.3.
2. The boost charger inductor current (IL) was measured by using an oscilloscope current probe across a
current loop that was inserted in series with inductor L1.
3. VSTOR's ripple voltage was measured using an oscilloscope voltage probe placed directly across the
VSTOR capacitor (C5). The scope probe's standard ground lead was replaced with very short lead.
4. VIN and the LBOOST pin (switching node of the boost charger) were measured by oscilloscope
voltage probes connected to TP1 and TP2.
Figure 9. Charger Operational Waveforms During 50-mA Load Transient
3.1.5 Buck Converter Operation During Load Transient

below:
1. VIN_DC, VBAT and VOUT are configured as explained in Section 3.1.3.
2. The buck converter inductor current (IL) was measured by using an oscilloscope current probe across
a current loop that was inserted in series with inductor L2.
3. VSTOR's ripple voltage was measured using an oscilloscope voltage probe placed directly across the
VSTOR capacitor (C5). VOUT's ripple voltage was measured using an oscilloscope voltage probe
placed directly across the VOUT capacitor (C3). Both scope probes' standard ground leads were
replaced with very short lead.
4. The LBUCK pin's ripple voltage (switching node of the buck converter) was measured by a
oscilloscope voltage probe connected to TP3.
Figure 10. Buck Operational Waveforms During 50-mA Load Transient
Charging a Super Capacitor from Buck Converter Output

below:
1. VIN_DC was connected to a Keithley 2420 source-meter configured as a 1.0-mA current source with
1.2-V voltage compliance.
2. VOUT was connected to a 120 mF super capacitor. There were no other loads on VSTOR, VBAT or
VOUT.
3. VIN_DC, VSTOR and VOUT were measured with oscilloscope voltage probes connected at TP1, TP4
and TP6.
Keithley 2420
IOUT =1.0 mA
COMP=1.2 V
120mF
Figure 11. Test Setup for Charging a Super Capacitor from Buck Output
Figure 12. Charging a Super Cap from VOUT
The benefit of charging of the super capacitor on VOUT instead of VBAT is faster charge time due to the
charger spending less time in less efficient cold start mode.
Tips for other Tests and Measurements
The quiescent current during main boost operation, which is basically the current from the battery to the
IC, is measured at the VSTOR pin. If a source-meter is not available to make the measruement, connect a
100-kΩ resistor to VSTOR and connect a 3-V supply from the other end of this resistor to the ground of
the EVM. A 10-MΩ meter can be used to measure the voltage drop across the resistor and calculate the
current. No other connections should be made to the EVM and the measurement should be taken after
steady state conditions are reached (may take a few minutes). The reading should be much less than 100
nA.
www.ti.com Bill of Materials and Board Layout
4 Bill of Materials and Board Layout

This section contains the bill of materials (BOM) and the PCB board layouts for the bq25570 EVM.
4.1 Bill of Materials

Table 2 lists the BOM for the EVM.
Table 2. Bill of Materials

Count RefDes Value Description Size Part Number MFR
1 C1 4.7uF Capacitor, Ceramic Chip, 6.3V, X7R, 10% 805 C0805C475K9RACTU Kemet
1 C2** 0.01u** Capacitor, Ceramic, 50V, X7R, 10% 0603 GRM188R71H103KA01D Murata
1 C3 22uF Capacitor, Ceramic Chip, 6.3V, X5R, 10% 805 JMK212BJ226MG-T Taiyo Yuden
2 C4 C7 0.1uF Capacitor, Ceramic Chip, 6.3V, X5R, 10% 603 06036D104KAT2A AVX
1 C5 4.7uF Capacitor, Ceramic Chip, 10V, X7R, 10% 805 LMK212B7475KG-T Taiyo Yuden
1 C6 100uF Capacitor, Ceramic Chip, 6.3V, X5R, 20% 1812 GRM43SR60J107ME20L Murata
0 C8-10 DNP Capacitor, Electrolytic, Snap Mt., vvV 7343 (D) n/a n/a
9 J1 J3-4 J6-7 J9-10 J12-13 PEC02SAAN Header, Male 2-pin, 100mil spacing, 0.100 inch x 2 PEC02SAAN Sullins
4 J2 J5 J8 J11 ED555/2DS Terminal Block, 2-pin, 6-A, 3.5mm 0.27 x 0.25 inch ED555/2DS OST
3 JP1 JP5 JP6 PEC02SAAN Header, Male 2-pin, 100mil spacing, 0.100 inch x 2 PEC02SAAN Sullins
3 JP2-4 PEC03SAAN Header, Male 3-pin, 100mil spacing, 0.100 inch x 3 PEC03SAAN Sullins
1 L1 22uH Inductor, SMT, 0.65A, 360mΩ 4.0mmx4.0mmx1.80mm LPS4018-223M Coilcraft
Inductor SMT, 0.36A, 410mΩ 3.8mmx3.8mmx1.65mm 744031220
1 L2 10 uH Inductor, SMT, 1.4A, 216mΩ 2.0mm x 2.5 mm 1239AS-H-100N Toko
Inductor SMT, 250mA, 500mΩ 2.5mm x 2.0mm x 1.00mm 74479888310 Wurth Elektronik
1 R1 7.5M Resistor, Chip, 1/16W, 1% 603 CRCW06037M50FKEA Vishay Dale
2 R3 R5 4.99M Resistor, Chip, 1/16W, 1% 603 CRCW06034M99FKEA Vishay Dale
1 R4 10M Resistor, Chip, 1/16W, 1% 603 CRCW060310M0FKEA Vishay Dale
1 R6 887k Resistor, Chip, 1/16W, 1% 603 CRCW0603887KFKEA Vishay Dale
4 TP1 TP4-6 5002 Test Point, White, Thru Hole Color Keyed 0.100 x 0.100 inch 5002 Keystone
0 TP2-3 TP7 DNP Test Point, 0.020 Hole 0.100 x 0.100 inch STD STD
2 TP8-9 5001 Test Point, Black, Thru Hole Color Keyed 0.100 x 0.100 inch 5001 Keystone
1 U1 BQ25570RGR IC, Ultra Low Power Harvester Charger + Buck IC VQFN BQ25570RGR TI
4 Shunt, 100-mil, Black 0.1 929950-00 3M
1 -- PCB, 2.5212 in x 2.6039 in PWR206 Any
Bill of Materials and Board Layout www.ti.com
4.2 EVM Board Layout

Figure 13 through Figure 15 are the board layouts for this EVM.
J5 J8
TP4 J4 J6 J9 J7
VSTOR GND GND

TP1 + TP8 VBAT TP5
C6
C10
J1 VIN J12
C8 TP2 C5
LBOOST C9
+
C4
TP3 LBUCK GND
L1 L2
C1
C7
J2
C3 J11
1
JP4 R3 R10
80% R4
+
J3 GND JP1 U1 R9
VOC_SAMP J10
R5 VOUT
50%
TP9
C2
R2
R1
R6
R7
R8
VREF_SAMP
TP7 TP6
GND GND VRDIV
JP2 /EN JP5
GND
BAT_SEC J13
BAT_OK
GND JP6
JP3 VOUT_EN BAT_OK
bq25570EVM-206
VSTOR
2013
PWR206 REV A
Figure 13. EVM PCB Top Assembly
Figure 14. EVM PCB Top Layer
www.ti.com Bill of Materials and Board Layout
Figure 15. EVM PCB Bottom Layer
PCB Layout Guideline www.ti.com
5 PCB Layout Guideline

As for all switching power supplies, the PCB layout is an important step in the design, especially at high
peak currents and high switching frequencies. If the layout is not carefully done, the boost
converter/charger and buck converter could show stability problems as well as EMI problems. Therefore,
use wide and short traces for the main current path and for the power ground paths. The input and output
capacitors as well as the inductors should be placed as close as possible to the IC. For the boost
converter / charger, first priority are the output capacitors, including the 0.1uF bypass capacitor (CBYP),
followed by CSTOR, which should be placed as close as possible between VSTOR, pin 19, and VSS, pin
1. Next, the input capacitor, CIN, should be placed as close as possible between VIN_DC, pin 2, and
VSS, pin 1. Last in priority is the boost converter inductor, L1, which should be placed close to LBOOST,
pin 20, and VIN_DC, pin 2. For the buck converter, the output capacitor COUT should be placed as close
as possible between VOUT, pin 14, and VSS, pin 15. The buck converter inductor (L2) should be placed
as close as possible beween the switching node LBUCK, pin 16, and VOUT, pin 14. It is best to use vias
and bottom traces for connecting the inductors to their respective pins instead of the capacitors.
To minimize noise pickup by the high impedance voltage setting nodes (VBAT_OV, OK_PROG,
OK_HYST, VOUT_SET), the external resistors should be placed so that the traces connecting the
midpoints of each divider to their respective pins are as short as possible. When laying out the non-power
ground return paths (for example from resistors and CREF), it is recommended to use short traces as well,
separated from the power ground traces and connected to VSS pin 15. This avoids ground shift problems,
which can occur due to superimposition of power ground current and control ground current. The
PowerPad should not be used as a power ground return path.
The remaining pins are either NC pins, that should be connected to the PowerPad as shown below, or
digital signals with minimal layout restrictions.
In order to maximize efficiency at light load, the use of voltage level setting resistors > 1MΩ is
recommended. However, during board assembly, contaminants such as solder flux and even some board
cleaning agents can leave residue that may form parasitic resistors across the physical resistors and/or
from one end of a resistor to ground, especially in humid, fast airflow environments. This can result in the
voltage regulation and threshold levels changing significantly from those expected per the installed resistor
values. Therefore, it is highly recommended that no ground planes be poured near the voltage setting
resistors. In addition, the boards must be carefully cleaned, possibly rotated at least once during cleaning,
and then rinsed with de-ionized water until the ionic contamination of that water is well above 50 MOhm. If
this is not feasible, then it is recommended that the sum of the voltage setting resistors be reduced to at
least 5X below the measured ionic contamination.
Revision History
Changes from Original (July 2013) to A Revision ........................................................................................................... Page
• Changed contents in the bill of materials ............................................................................................. 17
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
20 Revision History SLUUAA7A – July 2013 – Revised August 2014

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ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS, WARNINGS, RESTRICTIONS, AND DISCLAIMERS FOR
EVALUATION MODULES
Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) markets, sells, and loans all evaluation boards, kits, and/or modules (EVMs) pursuant to, and user
expressly acknowledges, represents, and agrees, and takes sole responsibility and risk with respect to, the following:
1. User agrees and acknowledges that EVMs are intended to be handled and used for feasibility evaluation only in laboratory and/or
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HANDLING OR USE OF ANY EVM.
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even if EVMs should fail to perform as described or expected.
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requirements.
Certain Instructions. User shall operate EVMs within TI’s recommended specifications and environmental considerations per the user’s
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input and output voltage, current, power, and environmental ranges) for EVMs may cause property damage, personal injury or death. If
there are questions concerning these ratings, user should contact a TI field representative prior to connecting interface electronics including
input power and intended loads. Any loads applied outside of the specified output range may result in unintended and/or inaccurate
operation and/or possible permanent damage to the EVM and/or interface electronics. Please consult the applicable EVM user's guide prior
to connecting any load to the EVM output. If there is uncertainty as to the load specification, please contact a TI field representative. During
normal operation, some circuit components may have case temperatures greater than 60°C as long as the input and output are maintained
at a normal ambient operating temperature. These components include but are not limited to linear regulators, switching transistors, pass
transistors, and current sense resistors which can be identified using EVMs’ schematics located in the applicable EVM user's guide. When
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electronic evaluation tools, only qualified personnel knowledgeable in electronic measurement and diagnostics normally found in
development environments should use EVMs.
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described or expected.
Safety-Critical or Life-Critical Applications. If user intends to use EVMs in evaluations of safety critical applications (such as life support),
and a failure of a TI product considered for purchase by user for use in user’s product would reasonably be expected to cause severe
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RADIO FREQUENCY REGULATORY COMPLIANCE INFORMATION FOR EVALUATION MODULES
Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) evaluation boards, kits, and/or modules (EVMs) and/or accompanying hardware that is marketed, sold,
or loaned to users may or may not be subject to radio frequency regulations in specific countries.
General Statement for EVMs Not Including a Radio
For EVMs not including a radio and not subject to the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) or Industry Canada (IC)
regulations, TI intends EVMs to be used only for engineering development, demonstration, or evaluation purposes. EVMs are not finished
products typically fit for general consumer use. EVMs may nonetheless generate, use, or radiate radio frequency energy, but have not been
tested for compliance with the limits of computing devices pursuant to part 15 of FCC or the ICES-003 rules. Operation of such EVMs may
cause interference with radio communications, in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may
be required to correct this interference.
General Statement for EVMs including a radio
User Power/Frequency Use Obligations: For EVMs including a radio, the radio included in such EVMs is intended for development and/or
professional use only in legally allocated frequency and power limits. Any use of radio frequencies and/or power availability in such EVMs
and their development application(s) must comply with local laws governing radio spectrum allocation and power limits for such EVMs. It is
the user’s sole responsibility to only operate this radio in legally acceptable frequency space and within legally mandated power limitations.
Any exceptions to this are strictly prohibited and unauthorized by TI unless user has obtained appropriate experimental and/or development
licenses from local regulatory authorities, which is the sole responsibility of the user, including its acceptable authorization.
U.S. Federal Communications Commission Compliance
For EVMs Annotated as FCC – FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Part 15 Compliant
Caution
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause
harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Changes or modifications could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
FCC Interference Statement for Class A EVM devices

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial
environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to
cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at its own expense.
FCC Interference Statement for Class B EVM devices

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment
generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If
this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and
on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Industry Canada Compliance (English)
For EVMs Annotated as IC – INDUSTRY CANADA Compliant:
This Class A or B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the
equipment.
Concerning EVMs Including Radio Transmitters

This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this
device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired
operation of the device.
Concerning EVMs Including Detachable Antennas

Under Industry Canada regulations, this radio transmitter may only operate using an antenna of a type and maximum (or lesser) gain
approved for the transmitter by Industry Canada. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should
be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that necessary for successful communication.
This radio transmitter has been approved by Industry Canada to operate with the antenna types listed in the user guide with the maximum
permissible gain and required antenna impedance for each antenna type indicated. Antenna types not included in this list, having a gain
greater than the maximum gain indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this device.
Canada Industry Canada Compliance (French)
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A ou B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada
Les changements ou les modifications pas expressément approuvés par la partie responsable de la conformité ont pu vider l’autorité de
l'utilisateur pour actionner l'équipement.
Concernant les EVMs avec appareils radio
Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L'exploitation est
autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l'utilisateur de l'appareil doit accepter tout
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Concernant les EVMs avec antennes détachables
Conformément à la réglementation d'Industrie Canada, le présent émetteur radio peut fonctionner avec une antenne d'un type et d'un gain
maximal (ou inférieur) approuvé pour l'émetteur par Industrie Canada. Dans le but de réduire les risques de brouillage radioélectrique à
l'intention des autres utilisateurs, il faut choisir le type d'antenne et son gain de sorte que la puissance isotrope rayonnée équivalente
(p.i.r.e.) ne dépasse pas l'intensité nécessaire à l'établissement d'une communication satisfaisante.
Le présent émetteur radio a été approuvé par Industrie Canada pour fonctionner avec les types d'antenne énumérés dans le manuel
d’usage et ayant un gain admissible maximal et l'impédance requise pour chaque type d'antenne. Les types d'antenne non inclus dans
cette liste, ou dont le gain est supérieur au gain maximal indiqué, sont strictement interdits pour l'exploitation de l'émetteur.
Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265
Copyright © 2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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User's Guide For bq25570 Battery Charger Evaluation Module For Energy Harvesting

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User's Guide

SLUUAA7A – July 2013 – Revised August 2014

User's Guide for bq25570 Battery Charger Evaluation

1.1 EVM Features

1.2 General Description

1.3 Design and Evaluation Considerations

System Design Tips

1.4 EVM Schematic

TP4 4.2V (Adj. up to 5.25V), 100mA

VIN1 2 VIN_DC BQ25570RGR VOUT 14

C8 VOC_SAMP 3 VOC_SAMP VBAT_OK 13

1.5 EVM I/O Connections

Table 1. I/O Connections and Configuration for Evaluation of bq25570 EVM

2 EVM Performance Specification Summary

MIN NOM MAX UNIT

3 Test and Measurment Summary

3.1 Test Setups and Results

3.1.1 Boost Charger Efficiency

Figure 2. Test Setup for Measuring Boost Charger Efficiency

Figure 3. Charger Efficiency versus Input Voltage

Figure 4. Charger Efficiency versus Input Current

3.1.2 Buck Converter Efficiency

Figure 5. Test Setup for Measuring Buck Converter Efficiency

70 VOUT = 1.8V, TA = 25oC

Figure 6. Buck Converter Efficiency versus Output Current

3.1.3 Buck Converter Load Transient

4.2V coin cell

Figure 7. Test Setup for Performing Load Transient on Buck Output

Figure 8. 50-mA Load Transient on VOUT

3.1.4 Charger Operation During Load Transient

Figure 9. Charger Operational Waveforms During 50-mA Load Transient

3.1.5 Buck Converter Operation During Load Transient

Figure 10. Buck Operational Waveforms During 50-mA Load Transient

Charging a Super Capacitor from Buck Converter Output

Figure 12. Charging a Super Cap from VOUT

Tips for other Tests and Measurements

4 Bill of Materials and Board Layout

4.1 Bill of Materials

Table 2. Bill of Materials

4.2 EVM Board Layout

VSTOR GND GND

Figure 13. EVM PCB Top Assembly

Figure 14. EVM PCB Top Layer

Figure 15. EVM PCB Bottom Layer

5 PCB Layout Guideline

Changes from Original (July 2013) to A Revision ........................................................................................................... Page

• Changed contents in the bill of materials ............................................................................................. 17

20 Revision History SLUUAA7A – July 2013 – Revised August 2014

U.S. Federal Communications Commission Compliance

For EVMs Annotated as FCC – FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Part 15 Compliant

FCC Interference Statement for Class A EVM devices

FCC Interference Statement for Class B EVM devices

This Class A or B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Concerning EVMs Including Radio Transmitters

Concerning EVMs Including Detachable Antennas

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A ou B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada

Concernant les EVMs avec appareils radio

Concernant les EVMs avec antennes détachables

【無線電波を送信する製品の開発キットをお使いになる際の注意事項】 本開発キットは技術基準適合証明を受けておりません。 本製品の

【無線電波を送信する製品の開発キットをお使いになる際の注意事項】本開発キットは技術基準適合証明を受けておりません。本製品の