JAR-FSTD-A Sec1 0508

Postal Address: P.O.
Box 3000
2130 KA Hoofddorp
Visiting Address: Saturnusstraat 40-44
The Netherlands
Tel.: 31 (0)23 - 5679790
oint Aviation Authorities
Fax: 31 (0)23 – 5657731
www.jaa.nl
May 2008
JAR-FSTD A: AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICES
Please find attached the initial issue of JAR-FSTD A dated 1 May 2008, with an effectivity
date of 1 August 2008.
JAR-FSTD A is an amalgamation of JAR-STD 1A, 2A, 3A and 4A into one document. Please
note that this process has not changed the actual requirements, however, the regulatory
processes for qualifying each different type of device have been harmonized.
As a result of this process, JAR-STD 1A, 2A, 3A and 4A will be superseded by JAR-FSTD A
as of 1 August 2008.
Instructions on how to incorporate the affected pages are available at the end of this letter.
Customers who have purchased copies of JAR-STD A/JAR-FSTD A and wish to receive
future amendments, should ensure that they have made suitable arrangements with IHS Inc.,
to whom any queries regarding the sale and distribution of JAA documents can be directed.
Addresses of the worldwide IHS offices are listed on the JAA website (www.jaa.nl) and IHS’s
website (www.global.ihs.com).
Queries related to the technical contents of the code should be made to JAA via e-mail
address: publications@jaat.eu.
Andre Auer
Chief Executive
JAR-FSTD A, Initial issue, 01 May 2008
Please replace and insert the following pages included in this package as follows:
Remove complete JAR-STD 1A, 2A, 3A and 4A (valid until 01 August 2008)
Insert complete JAR-FSTD A, initial issue of 01 May 2008 (effective 01 August 2008)
Page 2 of 2
JOINT AVIATION AUTHORITIES JOINT AVIATION REQUIREMENTS
LIST OF JAR DOCUMENTS
[LIST OF JAR DOCUMENTS Issue 99 May 2008]
JAR-1, DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS Amendment 6 1 November 2004

(No Basic Code)
JAR 11, JAA REGULATORY AND RELATED PROCEDURES Amendment 1 1November 2004
(No Basic Code)
JAR-21, CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES FOR Amendment 7 1 February 2007

AIRCRAFT AND RELATED PRODUCTS AND PARTS
(No Basic Code)
JAR-22, SAILPLANES AND POWERED SAILPLANES Amendment 9 1 February 2007

(Basic Code Luftüchtigkeitsforderungen für
Segelflugzeuge und Motorsegler (LFSM))†
JAR-23, NORMAL, UTILITY, AEROBATIC, AND Amendment 3 1 February 2007

COMMUTER CATEGORY AEROPLANES
(Basic Code FAR Part 23)
JAR-25, LARGE AEROPLANES Amendment 20 1 December 2007

JAR-26, ADDITIONAL AIRWORTHINESS Amendment 3 1 December 2005

REQUIREMENTS FOR OPERATIONS
(No Basic Code)
JAR-27, SMALL ROTORCRAFT Amendment 6 1 December 2007

JAR-29, LARGE ROTORCRAFT Amendment 6 1 December 2007

JAR-36, AIRCRAFT NOISE Amendment 2 1 February 2007

(Basic Code ICAO Annex 16, vol. I)
JAR-39, AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES Issued 1 January 2003

(No Basic Code)
JAR-66, CERTIFYING STAFF MAINTENANCE Amendment 2 1 February 2007

(No Basic Code)
JAR-145, APPROVED MAINTENANCE Amendment 7 1 February 2007

ORGANISATIONS
(No Basic Code)
JAR-147, APPROVED MAINTENANCE TRAINING/ Amendment 3 1 February 2007

EXAMINATIONS
(No Basic Code)
JAR-APU, AUXILIARY POWER UNITS Amendment 5 1 February 2007

(Basic Code TSO c77A dated 20th July, 1981)
JAR-E, ENGINES Amendment 14 1 February 2007

(Basic Code BCAR Section C)†
JAR-M CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS Initial Issue 1 December 2007
JAR-P, PROPELLERS Amendment 9 1 February 2007

(Basic Code BCAR Section C)†
JAR-TSO, JOINT TECHNICAL STANDARD ORDERS Amendment 8 1 February 2007

(No Basic Code)
†No amendments are now produced for these Basic Codes as the JAR Codes have been accepted in their own right
and therefore they will be the only documents which are updated periodically.
JOINT AVIATION AUTHORITIES JOINT AVIATION REQUIREMENTS
JAR-AWO, ALL WEATHER OPERATIONS Amendment 4 1 February 2007

(No Basic Code)
JAR-VLA, VERY LIGHT AEROPLANES Amendment 2 1 February 2007

(No Basic Code)
[JAR-OPS 1, COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORTATION

(AEROPLANES)
(Basic Code ICAO Annex 6, Part 1) [Effective 16 July 2008] Amendment 14 1 May 2008]
JAR-OPS 3, COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORTATION Amendment 5 1 July 2007

(HELICOPTERS)
(Basic Code ICAO Annex 6, Part III)
JAR-FCL 1, FLIGHT CREW LICENSING (AEROPLANE) Amendment 7 1 December 2006

(Basic Code ICAO Annex 1)
JAR-FCL 2, FLIGHT CREW LICENSING (HELICOPTER) Amendment 6 1 February 2007

JAR-FCL 3, FLIGHT CREW LICENSING (MEDICAL) Amendment 5 1 December 2006

JAR-FCL 4, FLIGHT CREW LICENSING (FLIGHT ENGINEERS) Amendment 3 1 September 2005

[JAR-FSTD A, AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATION

TRAINING DEVICES [Effective 1 August 2008] Issued 1 May 2008]
JAR-STD 1A, AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATORS Amendment 3 1 July 2003

(No Basic Code) [Expires 1 August 2008]
JAR-STD 2A, AEROPLANE FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICES Issued 1 July 1999

JAR-STD 3A, FLIGHT & NAVIGATION PROCEDURES Change 1 1 June 1999

TRAINERS
JAR-STD 4A, BASIC INSTRUMENT TRAINING DEVICES Issued 1 May 2002

[JAR-FSTD H, HELICOPTER FLIGHT SIMULATION

TRAINING DEVICES [Effective 1 August 2008] Issued 1 May 2008]
JAR-STD 1H, HELICOPTER FLIGHT SIMULATORS Issued 1 April 2001

JAR-STD 2H, HELICOPTER FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICES Issued 1 September 2003

JAR-STD 3H, HELICOPTER FLIGHT & NAVIGATION Issued 1 May 2002

PROCEDURES TRAINERS
JAR-MMEL/MEL, MASTER MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST / Amendment 1 1 August 2005

MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST
(No Basic Code)
GAI-20, JOINT ADVISORY MATERIAL – ADVISORY Amendment 3 1 February 2007

CIRCULAR JOINT
(No Basic Code)
JAR-34, AIRCRAFT ENGINE EMISSIONS Amendment 2 1 February 2007

(ICAO Annex 16 Volume II)
JAR-VLR, VERY LIGHT HELICOPTERS Amendment 2 1 February 2007

(No Basic Code)
†No amendments are now produced for these Basic Codes as the JAR Codes have been accepted in their own
right and therefore they will be the only documents which are updated periodically.
Printed and distributed by Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, Colorado 80112,
U S A on behalf of the Joint Aviation Authorities Committee.
Joint
Aviation
Requirements
JAR–FSTD A
Aeroplane Flight Simulation
Training Devices
Joint Aviation Authorities

Joint
Aviation
Requirements
JAR–FSTD A
Aeroplane Flight Simulation
Training Devices
Initial issue
1 May 2008
All rights reserved
Printed and distributed by Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, Colorado 80112, U S A on behalf of the Joint Aviation Authorities
Committee.
The members of the Joint Aviation Authorities Committee are representatives of the Civil Aviation
Authorities of the countries that have signed the ‘Arrangements Concerning the Development and the
Acceptance of Joint Aviation Requirements’. A list of these countries is kept by European Civil Aviation
Conference, 3 bis Villa Emile Bergerat, 92522 NEUILLY SUR SEINE Cedex, France.*
Further copies of the Joint Aviation Requirements can be purchased from Information Handling Services
(IHS), whose world-wide offices are listed on the JAA website (www.jaa.nl) and IHS website
(www.global.ihs.com)
For electronic versions of Joint Aviation Authorities Documents please refer to the website of Information
Handling Services (IHS) on www.ihsaviation.com, where you will find information on how to order.
Enquiries regarding the contents should be addressed to the JAA, Saturnusstraat 40-44, PO Box 3000,
2130 KA HOOFDDORP, The Netherlands (publications@jaat.eu).
*These countries are:
Albania, Armenia, Austria, [Azerbaijan], Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, European Aviation Safety Agency, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, [Republic of Georgia],
Romania, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, & United
Kingdom
01.05.08 ii
JAR-FSTD A
CONTENTS (general layout)
JAR–FSTD A
AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICES
FOREWORD
CHECK LIST OF PAGES
PREAMBLE
SECTION 1 – REQUIREMENTS
SUBPART A — APPLICABILITY
SUBPART B — GENERAL
SUBPART C — AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICES
SECTION 2 – ADVISORY CIRCULARS JOINT (ACJ)
ACJ B — GENERAL
ACJ C — AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICES
C-1 01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
01.05.08 C-2
JAR-FSTD A
CONTENTS (details)
JAR–FSTD A
AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICES
Paragraph Page
SECTION 1 – REQUIREMENTS
General and Presentation 1-0-1
SUBPART A – APPLICABILITY
JAR–FSTD A.001 Applicability 1-A-1
SUBPART B – GENERAL
JAR–FSTD A.005 Terminology 1-B-1
SUBPART C – AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICES

JAR–FSTD A.015 Application for FSTD Qualification 1-C-1
JAR–FSTD A.020 Validity FSTD Qualification 1-C-1
JAR–FSTD A.025 Rules governing FSTD Operators 1-C-1
JAR–FSTD A.030 Requirements for FSTDs qualified on or after 1-C-2
1 August 2008
JAR–FSTD A.031 Requirements for FFSs qualified on or after 1-C-3
1 April 1998 and before 1 August 2008
JAR–FSTD A.032 Requirements for FTDs qualified on or after 1 July 2000 1-C-3
and before 1 August 2008
JAR–FSTD A.033 Requirements for FNPTs qualified on or after 1 July 1999 1-C-3
JAR–FSTD A.034 Requirements for BITD qualified on or after 1 January 2003 1-C-3
JAR–FSTD A.035 Requirements for FFSs approved or qualified 1-C-3
before 1 April 1998
JAR–FSTD A.036 Requirements for FTDs approved or qualified 1-C-4
before 1 July 2000
JAR–FSTD A.037 Requirements for FNPTs approved or qualified 1-C-4
before 1 July 1999
JAR–FSTD A.040 Changes to qualified FSTDs 1-C-4
JAR–FSTD A.045 Interim FSTD Qualification 1-C-5
JAR–FSTD A.050 Transferability of FSTD Qualification 1-C-5
Appendix 1 to FSTD Standards 1-C-7
JAR–FSTD A.030
C-3 01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
Paragraph Page
SECTION 2 – ADVISORY CIRCULARS JOINT (ACJ)
General and Presentation 2-0-1
ACJ B – GENERAL
ACJ FSTD A.005 Terminology, Abbreviations 2-B-1
ACJ C – AEROPLANE FSTDS

ACJ No. 1 to FSTD Qualification – Application and Inspection 2-C-1
JAR- FSTD A.015
ACJ No. 2 to FSTD Evaluations 2-C-6
JAR- FSTD A.015
ACJ FSTD A.020 Validity of an FSTD Qualification 2-C-10
ACJ No. 1 to Quality System 2-C-10
JAR- FSTD A.025
ACJ No. 2 to BITD Operators Quality System 2-C-17
JAR-FSTD A.025
ACJ No. 3 to Installations 2-C-18
JAR-FSTD A.025
ACJ No. 1 to FSTDs qualified on or after 1 August 2008 2-C-19
JAR-FSTD A.030
Appendix 1 to ACJ No. 1 Validation Test Tolerances 2-C-112
to JAR-FSTD A.030
Appendix 2 to ACJ No. 1 Validation Data Roadmap 2-C-114
to JAR-FSTD A.030
Appendix 3 to ACJ No. 1 Data Requirements for Alternate Engines 2-C-116
to JAR-FSTD A.030
Appendix 4 to ACJ No. 1 Data Requirements for Alternate Avionics 2-C-118
to JAR-FSTD A.030
Appendix 5 to ACJ No. 1 Transport Delay Testing Method 2-C-119
to JAR-FSTD A.030
Appendix 6 to ACJ No. 1 Recurrent Evaluations – Validation Test Data Presentation 2-C-122
to JAR-FSTD A.030
Appendix 7 to ACJ No 1 Applicability 2-C-123
to JAR-FSTD A.030
Appendix 8 to ACJ No 1 General technical Requirements for FSTD Qualification 2-C-125
JAR–FSTD A.030 Levels
ACJ No. 2 to Guidance on Design and Qualification of Level “A” 2-C-130

JAR-FSTD A.030 Aeroplane FFSs
ACJ No. 3 to Guidance on Design and Qualification of FNPTs 2-C-132
JAR-FSTD A.030
ACJ No. 4 to Guidance on Design and Qualification of BITDs 2-C-136
JAR-FSTD A.030
ACJ No.1 to Engineering Simulator Validation Data 2-C-140
JAR-FSTD A.030(c)(1)
01.05.08 C-4
JAR-FSTD A
Paragraph Page
ACJ No.2 to Engineering Simulator Validation Data – Approved Guidelines 2-C-141

JAR-FSTD A.030(c)(1)
ACJ to FSTD A.035 FFS Approved or Qualified before 1 April 1998 2-C-143
ACJ to FSTD A.036 FTD Approved or Qualified before 1 July 2000 2-C-145
ACJ to FSTD A.037 FNPT Approved or Qualified before 1 July 1999 2-C-146
ACJ to FSTD A.045 New Aeroplane FFS/FTD Qualification – Additional Information 2-C-147
C-5 01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
01.05.08 C-6
JAR-FSTD A
FOREWORD
1 The Civil Aviation Authorities of certain European countries have agreed common comprehensive
and detailed aviation requirements, referred to as Joint Aviation Requirements (JARs), with a view
to minimising Type Certification problems on joint ventures, to facilitate the export and import of
aviation products, to make it easier for maintenance carried out in one European country to be
accepted by the Civil Aviation Authority in another European country and to regulate commercial
air transport operations.
2 JARs are recognised by the Civil Aviation Authorities of participating countries as an acceptable
basis for showing compliance with their national codes.
3 The content has been prepared using the expertise available in this field as well as the ICAO
Document 9625, the ‘Manual for the Qualification of Flight Simulators’ and added to where
necessary by making use of existing European regulations and the Federal Aviation Requirements
of the United States of America where acceptable.
4 JAR–FSTD A is issued with no National Variants. It may be felt that the document does not
contain all of the detailed compliance and interpretative information which some Civil Aviation
Authorities and Industry organisations would like to see. However, it is accepted that JAR–FSTD
A should be applied in practice and the lessons learned embodied in future amendments. The
Civil Aviation Authorities of the JAA are therefore committed to early amendment in the light of
experience.
5 Future development of the requirements of JAR–FSTD A, including the commitment in

Paragraph 4, will be in accordance with the JAA’s Notice of Proposed Amendment (NPA)
procedures. These procedures allow for the amendment of JAR–FSTD A to be proposed by any
organisation or person.
6 The Civil Aviation Authorities have agreed they should not unilaterally initiate amendment of their
national codes without having made a proposal for amendment of JAR–FSTD A in accordance
with the agreed procedure.
7 Definitions and abbreviations of terms used in JAR–FSTD A that are considered generally
applicable are contained in JAR–1, Definitions and Abbreviations. However, definitions and
abbreviations of terms used in JAR–FSTD A that are specific to a Subpart of JAR–FSTD A are
normally given in the Subpart concerned or, exceptionally, in the associated compliance or
interpretative material.
8 Amendments to the text in JAR–FSTD A are issued as Replacement Pages. These show an
effective date and have the same status and applicability as JAR–FSTD A from that date.
9 New, amended and corrected text will be enclosed within heavy brackets until a subsequent
‘Amendment’ is issued.
10 Comment/Response documents developed following Notices of Proposed Amendment (NPA)

consultation have been produced by the JAA and are published on the JAA Internet Site:
www.jaa.nl. Readers can also apply to JAA for copies of specific Comment/Response Documents
as required.
F-1 01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
01.05.08 F-2
JAR-FSTD A
JOINT AVIATION REQUIREMENTS
CHECK LIST OF PAGES
JAR-FSTD A - AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICES
Initial issue dated 01 May 2008
The following pages of JAR-FSTD A are now current:
Page No Legend Date
Title Page Initial issue 01.05.08

ii Initial issue 01.05.08
C-1 Initial Issue 01.05.08

F-1 Initial Issue 01.05.08

F-2 Initial Issue 01.05.08
CL-1 Initial Issue 01.05.08

P-1 Initial Issue 01.05.08

P-2 Initial Issue 01.05.08
1-0-1 Initial Issue 01.05.08

1-A-1 Initial Issue 01.05.08

1-A-2 Initial Issue 01.05.08
1-B-1 Initial Issue 01.05.08

1-C-1 Initial Issue 01.05.08

CL-1 01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
Paragraph Legend Page




01.05.08 CL-2
JAR-FSTD A

CL-3 01.05.08
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01.05.08 CL-4
JAR-FSTD A
PREAM BLE
JAR–FSTD A
Initial Issue
JAR–FSTD A comprises 3 Subparts (A, B and C) in Section 1, and 2 Subparts (B and C) in Section 2.
JAR-FSTD A is a simple amalgamation of JAR STD 1A, 2A, 3A and 4A into one document.
Section 1
Subpart C
Terminology and basic regulatory processes combined

Table of Standards in Appendix 1 to JAR-FSTD A.030 contains the standard for all devices
Section 2
Subpart B
Terminology and Abbreviations rationalised and harmonised with Aircraft STD standards documents.
Subpart C
Regulatory Processes combined.

Table of Objective Tests (ACJ to JAR-FSTD A.030) contains the testing requirements for all devices.
Table of Functions and Subjective Tests (ACJ to JAR-FSTD A.030) contains the testing requirements for all
devices.
P-1 01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
01.05.08 P-2
SECTION 1 JAR-FSTD A
SECTION 1 – REQUIREM ENTS
1 GENERAL
1.1 This Section contains the requirements for aeroplane Flight Simulation Training Devices.
2 PRESENTATION
2.1 The requirements of JAR–FSTD A are presented in two columns on loose pages, each page
being identified by the date of issue and the Amendment number under which it is amended
or reissued.
2.2 Sub-headings are in italic typeface.
2.3 Explanatory Notes not forming part of the requirements appear in smaller typeface.
2.4 New, amended and corrected text will be enclosed within heavy brackets until a subsequent
‘Amendment’ is issued.
2.5 After each paragraph, the various changes and amendments, if any since the initial issue, are
indicated together with their date of issue.
1-0-1 01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A SECTION 1
01.05.08 1-0-2
SECTION 1 JAR–FSTD A
SUBPART A – APPLICABILITY
JAR–FSTD A.001 Applicability

JAR–FSTD A as amended applies to those persons,
organisations or enterprises (Flight Simulation Training
Devices (FSTD) operators) or, in the case of BITDs
only, manufacturers seeking initial qualification of
FSTDs.
The version of JAR-FSTD A agreed by the

Authority and used for issue of the initial qualification
shall be applicable for future recurrent qualifications of
the FSTD unless recategorised.
FSTD users shall also gain approval to use the
FSTD as part of their approved training programmes
despite the fact that the FSTD has been previously
qualified.
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
1-A-1 01.05.08
JAR–FSTD A SECTION 1
01.05.08 1-A-2
SUBPART B - GENERAL
(JAR-FSTD A.005 continued)
JAR–FSTD A.005 Terminology for training where a complete flight deck environment
(See ACJ to FSTD A.005) is not necessary.
(g) Flight Simulation Training Device User
Because of the technical complexity of FSTD
Approval (FSTD User Approval). The extent to which
qualification, it is essential that standard terminology
an FSTD of a specified Qualification Level may be
is used throughout. The following principal terms and
used by persons, organisations or enterprises as
abbreviations shall be used in order to comply with
approved by the Authority. It takes account of
JAR–FSTD (A). Further terms and abbreviations are
aeroplane to FSTD differences and the operating and
contained in ACJ to FSTD A.005.
training ability of the organisation.
(a) Flight Simulation Training Device
(h) Flight Simulation Training Device Operator
(FSTD). A training device which is a Full Flight
(FSTD operator). That person, organisation or
Simulator (FFS), a Flight Training Device (FTD), a
enterprise directly responsible to the Authority for
Flight & Navigation Procedures Trainer (FNPT) , or a
requesting and maintaining the qualification of a
Basic Instrument Training Device (BITD).
particular FSTD.
(b) Full Flight Simulator (FFS). A full size
(i) Flight Simulation Training Device User
replica of a specific type or make, model and series
(FSTD User). The person, organisation or enterprise
aeroplane flight deck, including the assemblage of all
requesting training, checking and testing credits
equipment and computer programmes necessary to
through the use of an FSTD.
represent the aeroplane in ground and flight
operations, a visual system providing an out of the (j) Flight Simulation Training Device
flight deck view, and a force cueing motion system. It Qualification (FSTD Qualification). The level of
is in compliance with the minimum standards for FFS technical ability of an FSTD as defined in the
Qualification. compliance document.
(c) Flight Training Device (FTD). A full size (k) BITD Manufacturer. That organisation or
replica of a specific aeroplane type’s instruments, enterprise being directly responsible to the Authority
equipment, panels and controls in an open flight deck for requesting the initial BITD model qualification.
area or an enclosed aeroplane flight deck, including
(l) BITD Model. A defined hardware and
the assemblage of equipment and computer software
software combination, which has obtained a
programmes necessary to represent the aeroplane in
qualification. Each BITD will equate to a specific
ground and flight conditions to the extent of the
model and be a serial numbered unit.
systems installed in the device. It does not require a
force cueing motion or visual system. It is in (m) Qualification Test Guide (QTG). A
compliance with the minimum standards for a specific document designed to demonstrate that the
FTD Level of Qualification. performance and handling qualities of an FSTD agree
within prescribed limits with those of the aeroplane
(d) Flight and Navigation Procedures Trainer
and that all applicable regulatory requirements have
(FNPT). A training device which represents the
been met. The QTG includes both the aeroplane and
flight deck or cockpit environment including the
FSTD data used to support the validation.
assemblage of equipment and computer
programmes necessary to represent an aeroplane or
class of aeroplane in flight operations to the extent
that the systems appear to function as in an
aeroplane. It is in compliance with the minimum
standards for a specific FNPT Level of
Qualification.
(e) Basic Instrument Training Device (BITD). A
ground based training device which represents the
student pilot‘s station of a class of aeroplanes. It may
use screen based instrument panels and springloaded
flight controls, providing a training platform for at INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
least the procedural aspects of instrument flight.
(f) Other Training Device (OTD). A training aid
other than FFS, FTD, FNPT or BITD which provides
1-B-1 01.05.08
01.05.08 1-B-2
SUBPART C – AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICES
JAR-FSTD A.020(d) (continued)
JAR–FSTD A.015 Application for FSTD

(d) The qualification of each BITD model serial
Qualification
number is valid for 36 months from the
(See ACJ No. 1 to JAR-
commencement of operation, unless reduced by the
FSTD A.015)
Authority. It is the operator‘s responsibility to
apply for the revalidation of the qualification.
FSTD A.015)
(a) The FSTD operator requiring evaluation of a
FFS, FTD or FNPT shall apply to the Authority
JAR–FSTD A.025 Rules Governing FSTD
giving 3 months notice. In exceptional cases this
Operators
period may be reduced to one month at the
discretion of the Authority.
FSTD A.025)
(b) An FSTD Qualification Certificate will be (See ACJ No. 2 to JAR-
issued following satisfactory completion of an FSTD A.025)
evaluation of the FFS, FTD or FNPT by the (See ACJ No. 3 to JAR-
Authority. FSTD A.025)
(c) For BITDs the manufacturer of a new BITD The FSTD operator shall demonstrate his capability
model which requires evaluation shall apply to the to maintain the performance, functions and other
Authority giving 3 months notice. In exceptional characteristics specified for the FSTD Qualification
cases this period may be reduced to one month at Level as follows:
the discretion of the Authority.
(a) Quality System
(d) A BITD Qualification Certificate will be issued
(1) A Quality System shall be
for the BITD model to the manufacturer following
established and a Quality Manager designated to
satisfactory completion of an initial evaluation by
monitor compliance with, and the adequacy of,
the Authority. This qualification certificate is valid
procedures required to ensure the maintenance
for any devices manufactured to this standard
of the Qualification Level of FSTDs.
without the need for the device to be subjected to
Compliance monitoring shall include a feedback
further technical evaluation. The BITD model must
system to the Accountable Manager to ensure
clearly be identified by a BITD model number.
corrective action as necessary.
(e) The numbering of the BITD model must
(2) The Quality System shall include a
clearly define the hardware and software
Quality Assurance Programme that contains
configuration of the qualified BITD model. A
procedures designed to verify that the specified
running serial number shall follow the BITD model
performance, functions and characteristics are
identification number.
being conducted in accordance with all
applicable requirements, standards and
procedures.
JAR–FSTD A.020 Validity of FSTD
(3) The Quality System and the Quality
Qualification
Manager shall be acceptable to the Authority.
(See ACJ to JAR-FSTD
A.020) (4) The Quality System shall be
described in relevant documentation.
(a) An FSTD qualification is valid for 12 months
unless otherwise specified by the Authority. (b) Updating. A link shall be maintained between
the operator’s organization, the Authority and the
(b) An FSTD qualification revalidation can take
relevant manufacturers to incorporate important
place at any time within the 60 days prior to the
modifications, especially:
expiry of the validity of the qualification document.
The new period of validity shall continue from the (1) Aeroplane modifications that are
expiry date of the previous qualification document. essential for training and checking shall be
introduced into all affected FSTDs whether or
(c) The Authority shall refuse, revoke, suspend or
not enforced by an airworthiness directive.
vary an FSTD qualification, if the provisions of
JAR–FSTD A are not satisfied. (2) Modification of FSTDs, including
motion and visual systems (where applicable):
1-C-1 01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A.025(b) (continued)
(i) When essential for training JAR–FSTD A.030 Requirements for FSTD
and checking, FSTD operators shall qualified on or after 1
update their FSTDs (for example in the August 2008
light of data revisions). Modifications of (See Appendix 1 to JAR–
the FSTD hardware and software that FSTD A.030)
affect handling, performance and systems (See ACJ No. 1 to JAR-
operation or any major modifications of FSTD A.030)
the motion or visual system shall be (See ACJ No. 2 to JAR-
evaluated to determine the impact on the FSTD A.030)
original qualification criteria. FSTD (See ACJ No. 3 to JAR-
operators shall prepare amendments for FSTD A.030)
any affected validation tests. The FSTD (See ACJ No. 4 to JAR-
operator shall test the FSTD to the new FSTD A.030)
criteria. (See ACJ No. 1 to JAR-
FSTD A.030(c)(1))
(ii) The Authority shall be advised
in advance of any major changes to
FSTD A.030(c)(1))
determine if the tests carried out by the
FSTD operator are satisfactory. A special (a) Any FSTD submitted for initial evaluation on
evaluation of the FSTD may be necessary or after 1 August 2008 will be evaluated against
prior to returning it to training following applicable JAR–FSTD A criteria for the
the modification. Qualification Levels applied for. Recurrent
evaluations of a FSTD will be based on the same
(3) BITD operators shall maintain a link
version of JAR-FSTD A that was applicable for its
between their own organisation, the Authority
initial evaluation. An upgrade will be based on the
and the BITD manufacturer to incorporate
currently applicable version of JAR-FSTD A.
important modifications.
(b) A FSTD shall be assessed in those areas that
(c) Installations. Ensure that the FSTD is housed
are essential to completing the flight crewmember
in a suitable environment that supports safe and
training and checking process as applicable.
reliable operation.
(c) The FSTD shall be subjected to:
(1) The FSTD operator shall ensure that
the FSTD and its installation comply with the (1) Validation tests and
local regulations for health and safety. However,
(2) Functions & subjective tests
as a minimum all FSTD occupants and
maintenance personnel shall be briefed on FSTD (d) Data shall be of a standard that satisfies the
safety to ensure that they are aware of all safety Authority before the FSTD can gain a Qualification
equipment and procedures in the FSTD in case Level.
of emergency.
(e) The FSTD operator shall submit a QTG in a
(2) The FSTD safety features such as form and manner that is acceptable to the
emergency stops and emergency lighting shall Authority.
be checked at least annually and recorded by the
(f) The QTG will only be approved after
FSTD operator.
completion of an initial or upgrade evaluation, and
(d) Additional Equipment. Where additional when all the discrepancies in the QTG have been
equipment has been added to the FSTD, even addressed to the satisfaction of the Authority. After
though not required for qualification, it will be inclusion of the results of the tests witnessed by the
assessed to ensure that it does not adversely affect Authority, the approved QTG becomes the Master
the quality of training. Therefore any subsequent QTG (MQTG), which is the basis for the FSTD
modification, removal or unserviceability could qualification and subsequent recurrent FSTD
affect the qualification of the device. evaluations. A copy of the MQTG shall be
delivered by the BITD manufacteurer together with
any BITD model delivered to an Operator.
(g) The FSTD operator shall:
(1) Run the complete set of tests
contained within the MQTG progressively
between each annual evaluation by the
Authority. Results shall be dated and retained in
01.05.08 1-C-2
JAR-FSTD A.030(g) (continued) JAR-FSTD A.033 (continued)
order to satisfy both the FSTD operator and the current validity period. This re-evaluation, and all
Authority that FSTD standards are being future re-evaluations, will be conducted in
maintained; and accordance with the requirements of the same
version of JAR-STD 3A, which was applicable for
(2) Establish a Configuration Control
its last evaluation prior to implementation of JAR-
System to ensure the continued integrity of the
FSTD A. Any upgrade will be based on the
hardware and software of the qualified FSTD.
JAR-FSTD A.031 Requirements for FFS

JAR-FSTD A.034 Requirements for Basic
qualified on or after 1
Instrument Training
April 1998 and before 1
Devices (BITD) qualified
August 2008
on or after 1 January 2003
Any FFS submitted for initial evaluation on or after and before 1 August 2008
1 April 1998 and before 1 August 2008, shall
Any BITD submitted for initial evaluation on or
automatically be granted an equivalent
after 1 January 2003 and before 1 August 2008,
qualification under JAR-FSTD A with effect from
shall automatically be granted an equivalent
the re-evaluation conducted at the end of the
current validity period. This re-evaluation, and all
future re-evaluations, will be conducted in
accordance with the requirements of the same
accordance with the requirements of the same
JAR-FSTD A.032 Requirements for Flight

Training Devices (FTD)
JAR–FSTD A.035 Requirements for Full
qualified on or after 1
Flight Simulators
July 2000 and before 1
approved or qualified
August 2008
before 1 April 1998
Any FTD submitted for initial evaluation on or (See ACJ to JAR-FSTD
after 1 January 2000 and before 1 August 2008, A.035)
shall automatically be granted an equivalent
(a) FFS approved or qualified in accordance with
national regulations of JAA Member States before
1 April 1998 will either be recategorised or will
continue to maintain their approval under the
Grandfather Rights provision, in accordance with
accordance with of the same version of JAR-STD
sub-paragraphs (c) and (d) below. For FFS that are
2A, which was applicable for its last evaluation
not re-categorized, maximum credit shall under no
prior to implementation of JAR-FSTD A. Any
circumstances exceed originally issued National
upgrade will be based on the currently applicable
credits.
version of JAR-FSTD A.
(b) FFS’s, neither previously recategorised nor
with an approval maintained under the Grandfather
Rights provision, will be qualified in accordance
JAR-FSTD A.033 Requirements for Flight
with JAR–FSTD A.030.
& Navigation Procedures
Trainers (FNPT) qualified (c) FFS that are not recategorised but that have a
on or after 1 July 1999 primary reference document used for their testing,
and before 1August 2008 may be qualified by the Authority to an equivalent
JAR–FSTD A Qualification Level, either AG, BG,
Any FNPT submitted for initial evaluation on or
CG or DG. An upgrade requires the
after 1 July 1999 and before 1 August 2008, shall
recategorisation of the FFS.
automatically be granted an equivalent
qualification under JAR-FSTD A with effect from (1) To gain and maintain an equivalent
the re-evaluation conducted at the end of the Qualification Level, these FFS shall be assessed
1-C-3 01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A.035(c) (continued) JAR-FSTD A.036 (continued)
in those areas that are essential to completing (v) Functioning during normal,
the flight crewmember training and checking abnormal, emergency and, where
process, as applicable. applicable non normal operation;
(2) The FFS shall be subjected to: (vi) Instructor station function and
FTD control, and
(i) Validation tests; and
(ii) Functions and subjective tests. (vii) Certain additional
requirements depending on the
(d) FFS that are not recategorised and that do not Qualification Level and the installed
have a primary reference document used for their equipment.
testing shall be qualified by special arrangement.
Such FFS will be issued with a Special Category (2) The FTD shall be subjected to:
and shall be subjected to functions and subjective (i) Validation Tests, and
tests corresponding to those detailed in this
document. In addition any previously recognised (ii) Functions and Subjective
validation test shall be used. Tests.
(d) FTDs that are not recategorised and that do not
have a primary reference document used for their
JAR–FSTD A.036 Requirements for Flight testing shall be qualified by special arrangement.
Training Devices (1) Such FTDs will be issued with
approved or qualified Special Categories.
before 1 July 2000
(See ACJ to JAR-FSTD (2) These FTDs shall be subjected to the
A.036) same Functions and Subjective Tests referred to
in JAR–FSTD A.036(c) (2) (ii).
(a) FTDs approved or qualified in accordance with
national regulations of JAA Members States before (3) In addition any previously
1 July 2000 either will be recategorised or will recognised Validation Test shall be used.
continue to maintain their approval under the
Grandfather Rights provision, in accordance with
JAR–FSTD A.036(c) and JAR–FSTD A.036 (d). JAR–FSTD A.037 Requirements for Flight
(b) FTDs, neither previously recategorised nor Navigation and
with an approval maintained under the Grandfather Procedures Trainers
Rights provision, will be qualified in accordance approved or qualified
with JAR–FSTD A.030. before 1 July 1999
(See ACJ to JAR-FSTD
(c) FTDs that are not recategorised but that have a A.037)
primary reference document used for their testing
may be qualified by the Authority to an equivalent (No Longer Applicable)
JAR–FSTD Qualification Level, either 1G or 2G.
These Qualification Levels refer to similar credits
achieved by JAR–FSTD A Level 1 and 2. JAR–FSTD A.040 Changes to qualified
(1) To gain and maintain an equivalent FSTD
Qualification Level, these FTDs shall be (a) Requirement to notify major changes to a
assessed in those areas which are essential to FSTD. The operator of a qualified FSTD shall
completing the flight crew member training and inform the Authority of proposed major changes
checking process, including: such as:
(i) Longitudinal, lateral and (1) Aeroplane modifications, which
directional handling qualities (where could affect FSTD qualification.
applicable);
(2) FSTD hardware and or software
(ii) Performance on the ground modifications that could affect the handling
and in the air; qualities, performances or system
(iii) Specific operations where representations.
applicable; (3) Relocation of the FSTD; and
(iv) Flight deck configuration; (4) Any deactivation of the FSTD.
01.05.08 1-C-4
JAR-FSTD A.040 (continued)
The Authority may complete a special evaluation JAR–FSTD A.045 Interim FSTD
following major changes or when a FSTD appears Qualification
not to be performing at its initial Qualification (See ACJ to FSTD A.045)
Level.
(a) In case of new aeroplane programmes, special
(b) Upgrade of a FSTD. A FSTD may be upgraded arrangements shall be made to enable an interim
to a higher Qualification Level. Special evaluation Qualification Level to be achieved.
is required before the award of a higher Level of
(b) For Full Flight Simulators, an Interim
Qualification.
Qualification Level will only be granted at levels
(1) If an upgrade is proposed the FSTD A, B or C.
operator shall seek the advice of the Authority
(c) Requirements, details relating to the issue, and
and give full details of the modifications. If the
the period of validity of an interim Qualification
upgrade evaluation does not fall upon the
Level will be decided by the Authority.
anniversary of the original qualification date, a
special evaluation is required to permit the
FSTD to continue to qualify even at the
previous Qualification Level. JAR–FSTD A.050 Transferability of FSTD
Qualification
(2) In the case of a FSTD upgrade, an
FSTD operator shall run all validation tests for When there is a change of FSTD operator:
the requested Qualification Level. Results from
(a) The new FSTD operator shall advise the
previous evaluations shall not be used to
Authority in advance in order to agree upon a plan
validate FSTD performance for the current
of transfer of the FSTD.
upgrade.
(b) At the discretion of the Authority, the FSTD
(c) Relocation of a FSTD
shall be subject to an evaluation in accordance with
(1) In instances where a FSTD is moved its original JAA qualification criteria.
to a new location, the Authority shall be advised
(c) Provided that the FSTD performs to its original
before the planned activity along with a
standard, its original Qualification Level shall be
schedule of related events.
restored. Revised user approval(s) may also be
(2) Prior to returning the FSTD to required.
service at the new location, the FSTD operator
shall perform at least one third of the validation
tests and, functions and subjective tests to
ensure that the FSTD performance meets its
original qualification standard. A copy of the
test documentation shall be retained together
with the FSTD records for review by the
Authority.
(3) An evaluation of the FSTD in
accordance with its original JAA qualification INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
criteria shall be at the discretion of the
Authority.
(d) Deactivation of a currently qualified FSTD
(1) If a FSTD operator plans to remove
a FSTD from active status for prolonged
periods, the Authority shall be notified and
suitable controls established for the period
during which the FSTD is inactive.
(2) The FSTD operator shall agree a
procedure with the Authority to ensure that the
FSTD can be restored to active status at its
original Qualification Level.
1-C-5 01.05.08
01.05.08 1-C-6
Appendix 1 to JAR-FSTD A.030

Flight Simulation Training Device Standards
This appendix describes the minimum Full Flight Simulator (FFS), Flight Training Device (FTD), Flight and
Navigation Procedures Trainer (FNPT) and Basic Instrument Training Devices (BITD) requirements for
qualifying devices to the required Qualification Levels. Certain requirements included in this section shall be
supported with a statement of compliance (SOC) and, in some designated cases, an objective test. The SOC will
describe how the requirement was met. The test results shall show that the requirement has been attained. In
the following tabular listing of FSTD standards, statements of compliance are indicated in the compliance
column.
For FNPT use in Multi-Crew Co-operation (MCC) training the general technical requirement are expressed in
the MCC column with additional systems, instrumentation and indicators as required for MCC training and
operation.
For MCC (Multi Crew Co-operation) minimum technical requirements are as for Level II, with the following
additions or amendments:
1 Turbo-jet or turbo-prop engines.

2 Performance reserves, in case of an engine failure, to be in accordance with JAR-25. These may
be simulated by a reduction in the aeroplane gross mass.
3 Retractable landing gear.
4 Pressurisation system.
5 De-icing systems
6 Fire detection / suppression system
7 Dual controls
8 Autopilot with automatic approach mode
9 2 VHF transceivers including oxygen masks intercom system
10 2 VHF NAV receivers (VOR, ILS, DME)
11 1 ADF receiver
12 1 Marker receiver
13 1 transponder
The following indicators shall be located in the same positions on the instrument panels of both pilots:
1 Airspeed
2 Flight attitude with flight director
3 Altimeter
4 Flight director with ILS (HSI)
5 Vertical speed
6 ADF
7 VOR
8 Marker indication (as appropriate)
9 Stop watch (as appropriate)
1-C-7 01.05.08
01.05.08
FLIGHT SIMULATOR TRAINING DEVICE STANDARDS FFS LEVEL FTD FNPT LEVEL BITD
LEVEL
JAR-FSTD A
A B C D 1 2 I II MCC
1.1 General COMPLIANCE
a.1 A fully enclosed flight deck
a.2 A cockpit/flight deck sufficiently enclosed to exclude

distraction, which will replicate that of the aeroplane
or class of aeroplane simulated
a.3 Flight deck, a full scale replica of the aeroplane Flight deck observer seats are not considered to be
Appendix 1 to JAR-FSTD A.030 (continued)
simulated. additional flight crewmember duty stations and may

be omitted.
Equipment for operation of the cockpit windows shall
be included in the FSTD, but the actual windows
need not be operable.
Bulkheads containing items such as switches, circuit
1-C-8
The flight deck, for FSTD purposes, consists of all breakers, supplementary radio panels, etc. to which
that space forward of a cross section of the fuselage the flight crew may require access during any event
at the most extreme aft setting of the pilots' seats. after pre-flight cockpit preparation is complete are
Additional required flight crewmember duty stations considered essential and may not be omitted.
and those required bulkheads aft of the pilot seats
are also considered part of the flight deck and shall Bulkheads containing only items such as landing
replicate the aeroplane. gear pin storage compartments, fire axes or
extinguishers, spare light bulbs, aircraft document
pouches etc. are not considered essential and may
be omitted. Such items, or reasonable facsimile,
shall still be available in the FSTD but may be
relocated to a suitable location as near as practical
to the original position. Fire axes and any similar
purpose instruments need only be represented in
silhouette.
a.4 Direction of movement of controls and switches

identical to that in the aeroplane.
SECTION 1
LEVEL
SECTION 1
a.5 A full size panel of replicated system(s) which will The use of electronically displayed images with
have actuation of controls and switches that physical overlay incorporating operable switches,
replicate those of the aeroplane simulated. knobs, buttons replicating aeroplane instruments
panels may be acceptable.
a.6 Cockpit/flight deck switches, instruments, equipment, For Multi-Crew Co-operation (MCC) qualification
panels, systems, primary and secondary flight controls additional instrumentation and indicators may be
sufficient for the training events to be accomplished shall required. See table at start of this appendix..
be located in a spatially correct flight deck area and will

operate as, and represent those in, that aeroplane or For BITDs the switches and controls size and shape
class of aeroplane. and their location in the cockpit shall be
representative.
1-C-9
a.7 Crew members seats shall be provided with
sufficient adjustment to allow the occupant to
achieve the design eye reference position
appropriate to the aeroplane or class of aeroplane
and for the visual system to be installed to align with
that eye position.
b.1 Circuit breakers that affect procedures and/or result

in observable cockpit indications properly located
and functionally accurate.
01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
01.05.08
LEVEL
JAR-FSTD A
c.1 Flight dynamics model that accounts for various For FTD Levels 1 and 2 aerodynamic modelling
combinations of drag and thrust normally sufficient to permit accurate systems operation and
encountered in flight corresponding to actual flight indication is acceptable.
conditions, including the effect of change in
aeroplane attitude, sideslip, thrust, drag, altitude, For FNPTs and BITDs class specific modelling is
temperature, gross weight, moments of inertia, acceptable.
centre of gravity location, and configuration.
d.1 All relevant instrument indications involved in the For FNPTs instrument indications sufficient for the
simulation of the applicable aeroplane shall training events to be accomplished. Reference ACJ No.
automatically respond to control movement by a 3 to JAR-FSTD A.030.
flight crewmember or induced disturbance to the
simulated aeroplane; e.g., turbulence or wind shear. For BITDs instrument indications sufficient for the
1-C-10
training events to be accomplished. Reference ACJ No.
4 to JAR-FSTD A.030.
d.2 Lighting environment for panels and instruments For FTD Level 2 lighting environment shall be as per
shall be sufficient for the operation being conducted. aeroplane.
e.1 Communications, navigation, and caution and For FTD 1 applies where the appropriate systems
warning equipment corresponding to that installed in are replicated.
the applicant’s aeroplane with operation within the
tolerances prescribed for the applicable airborne
equipment.
e.2 Navigation equipment corresponding to that of the

replicated aeroplane or class of aeroplanes, with
operation within the tolerances prescribed for the actual
airborne equipment. This shall include communication
equipment (interphone and air/ground communications
systems).
SECTION 1
LEVEL
SECTION 1
e.3 Navigational data with the corresponding approach For FTD 1 applies where navigation equipment is
facilities. Navigation aids should be usable within replicated.
range without restriction.
For all FFSs and FTDs 2 where used for area or
airfield competence training or checking, navigation
data should be updated within 28 days.
For FNPTs and BITDs complete navigational data for

at least 5 different European airports with

corresponding precision and non-precision approach
procedures including current updating within a period
of 3 months.
1-C-11
f.1 In addition to the flight crewmember duty stations, For FTDs and FNPT’s suitable seating
three suitable seats for the instructor, delegated arrangements for the Instructor and Examiner or
examiner and Authority inspector. The Authority will Authority’s Inspector should be provided.
consider options to this standard based on unique
cockpit configurations. These seats shall provide
adequate vision to the pilot’s panel and forward
windows. Observer seats need not represent those For BITDs suitable viewing arrangements for the
found in the aeroplane but in the case of FSTDs Instructor should be provided.
fitted with a motion system, the seats shall be
adequately secured to the floor of the FSTD, fitted
with positive restraint devices and be of sufficient
integrity to safely restrain the occupant during any
known or predicted motion system excursion.
01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
01.05.08
LEVEL
JAR-FSTD A
g.1 FSTD systems shall simulate applicable aeroplane For FTD Level 1, applies where system is simulated.
system operation, both on the ground and in flight. For FNPTs systems shall be operative to the extent that
Systems shall be operative to the extent that all it shall be possible to perform all normal, abnormal and
normal, abnormal, and emergency operating emergency operations as may be appropriate to the
procedures can be accomplished. aeroplane or class of aeroplanes being simulated and
as required for the training.
h.1 Instructor controls shall enable the operator to Where applicable and as required for training the
control all required system variables and insert following shall be available :
abnormal or emergency conditions into the
1-C-12
aeroplane systems. - Position and flight freeze.
- A facility to enable the dynamic plotting of the

flight path on approaches, commencing at the
final approach fix, including the vertical profile
- Hard copy of map and approach plot

SECTION 1
LEVEL
SECTION 1
i.1 Control forces and control travel shall correspond to For FTD Level 2 Control forces and control travel
that of the replicated aeroplane. Control forces shall should correspond to that of the replicated
react in the same manner as in the aeroplane under aeroplane with CT&M. It is not intended that the
the same flight conditions. device should be flown manually other than for short
periods when the autopilot is temporarily
disengaged.
For FNPT Level I and BITDs control forces and

control travel shall broadly correspond to that of the

replicated aeroplane or class of aeroplane. Control
force changes due to an increase/decrease in
aircraft speed are not necessary.
In addition for FNPT Level II and MCC control forces
1-C-13
and control travels shall respond in the same
manner under the same flight conditions as in the
aeroplane or class of aeroplane being simulated.
01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
01.05.08
LEVEL
JAR-FSTD A
j.1 Ground handling and aerodynamic programming Statement of Compliance required. Tests required.
shall include:
For Level ‘A’ FFS, generic ground handling to the
extent that allows turns within the confines of the
runway, adequate control on flare, touchdown and
(1) Ground Effect. For example: round-out, flare, roll-out (including from a cross -wind landing) only is
and touchdown. This requires data on lift, acceptable.
drag, pitching moment, trim, and power ground
effect. For FNPTs a generic ground handling model need

only be provided to enable representative flare and
touch down effects.
(2) Ground reaction – reaction of the aeroplane

upon contact with the runway during landing to
1-C-14
include strut deflections, tyre friction, side
forces, and other appropriate data, such as
weight and speed, necessary to identify the
flight condition and configuration.
(3) Ground handling characteristics – steering

inputs to include crosswind, braking, thrust
reversing, deceleration and turning radius.
SECTION 1
LEVEL
SECTION 1
k.1 Windshear models shall provide training in the Tests required.

specific skills required for recognition of wind shear
phenomena and execution of recovery manoeuvres.
Such models shall be representative of measured or
accident derived winds, but may include See ACJ No 1 to JAR-FSTD A.030, Para 2.3, g.
simplifications which ensure repeatable encounters.
For example, models may consist of independent
variable winds in multiple simultaneous components.
Wind models shall be available for the following

critical phases of flight:
(1) Prior to take-off rotation
(2) At lift-off
1-C-15
(3) During initial climb
(4) Short final approach
l.1 Instructor controls for environmental effects For FTDs environment modelling sufficient to permit
including wind speed and direction shall be accurate systems operation and indication.
provided.
01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
01.05.08
LEVEL
JAR-FSTD A
m.1 Stopping and directional control forces shall be Statement of Compliance required.
representative for at least the following runway
conditions based on aeroplane related data:
(1) Dry Objective Tests required for (1), (2), (3), Subjective
check for (4), (5), (6).
(2) Wet
(3) Icy
(4) Patchy wet
(5) Patchy icy
1-C-16
(6) Wet on rubber residue in touchdown zone.
n.1 Brake and tyre failure dynamics (including antiskid) Statement of Compliance required.
and decreased brake efficiency due to brake
temperatures shall be representative and based on Subjective test is required for decreased braking
aeroplane related data. efficiency due to brake temperature, if applicable.
o.1 A means for quickly and effectively conducting daily Statement of Compliance required.
testing of FSTD programming and hardware shall be
available.
p.1 Computer capacity, accuracy, resolution, and Statement of Compliance required.

dynamic response shall be sufficient to fully support
the overall fidelity, including its evaluation and
testing.
SECTION 1
LEVEL
SECTION 1
q.1 Control feel dynamics shall replicate the aeroplane Tests required.
simulated.
Free response of the controls shall match that of the

aeroplane within the tolerances specified. Initial and
upgrade evaluations will include control free response
(pitch, roll and yaw controller) measurements recorded at
the controls. The measured responses shall correspond to
those of the aeroplane in take-off, cruise, and landing
configurations.
(1) For aeroplanes with irreversible control systems,

measurements may be obtained on the ground if
proper pitot static inputs are provided to represent
conditions typical of those encountered in flight.
1-C-17
Engineering validation or aeroplane manufacturer
rationale will be submitted as justification to ground
test or omit a configuration.
(2) For FSTDs requiring static and dynamic tests

at the controls, special test fixtures will not be
required during initial evaluation if the FSTD
operator’s MQTG shows both text fixture
results and alternate test method results such
as computer data plots, which were obtained
concurrently. Repetition of the alternate
method during initial evaluation may then
satisfy this requirement.
01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
01.05.08
LEVEL
JAR-FSTD A
r.1 Tests required.

One of the following two methods is acceptable as a
means to prove compliance: For Level ‘A’ & ‘B’ FFSs, and applicable systems for
FTDs, FNPTs and BITDs the maximum permissible
delay is 300 milliseconds.
(1) Transport Delay: A transport delay test may be

used to demonstrate that the FSTD system response
does not exceed 150 milliseconds. This test shall
measure all the delay encountered by a step signal
migrating from the pilot’s control through the control
1-C-18
loading electronics and interfacing through all the
simulation software modules in the correct order, using
a handshaking protocol, finally through the normal
output interfaces to the motion system, to the visual
system and instrument displays.
(see next page)

SECTION 1
LEVEL
SECTION 1
(continued)
(2) Latency: The visual system, flight deck

instruments and initial motion system response
shall respond to abrupt pitch, roll and yaw inputs
from the pilot's position within 150 milliseconds
of the time, but not before the time, when the
aeroplane would respond under the same

conditions.
1-C-19
01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
01.05.08
FLIGHT SIMULATOR TRAINING DEVICE FFS LEVEL FTD FNPT LEVEL BITD
STANDARDS LEVEL
JAR-FSTD A
COMPLIANCE
1.1 General A B C D 1 2 I II MCC
s.1 Aerodynamic modelling shall be provided. This shall Statement of Compliance required. Mach effect,
include, for aeroplanes issued an original type aeroelastic representations, and non-linearities
certificate after June 1980, low altitude level flight due to sideslip are normally included in the FSTD
ground effect, Mach effect at high altitude, normal aerodynamic model. The Statement of Compliance
and reverse dynamic thrust effect on control shall address each of these items. Separate tests
surfaces, aeroelastic representations, and for thrust effects and a Statement of Compliance
representations of non-linearities due to sideslip are required.
based on aeroplane flight test data provided by the

manufacturer.
t.1 Modelling that includes the effects of airframe and Statement of Compliance required.
engine icing.
SOC shall describe the effects that provide
1-C-20
training in the specific skills required for
recognition of icing phenomena and execution of
recovery.
u.1 Aerodynamic and ground reaction modelling for the Statement of Compliance required.
effects of reverse thrust on directional control shall
be provided. (page 2–C–44).
v.1 Realistic aeroplane mass properties, including mass, Statement of Compliance required at initial
centre of gravity and moments of inertia as a evaluation. SOC shall include a range of tabulated
function of payload and fuel loading shall be target values to enable a demonstration of the
implemented. mass properties model to be conducted from the
instructor’s station.
w.1 Self-testing for FSTD hardware and programming to Statement of Compliance required. Tests required.
determine compliance with the FSTD performance
tests shall be provided. Evidence of testing shall
include FSTD number, date, time, conditions,
tolerances, and the appropriate dependent variables
portrayed in comparison with the aeroplane
standard.
SECTION 1
STANDARDS LEVEL
SECTION 1
COMPLIANCE
1.1 General A B C D 1 2 I II MCC
x.1 Timely and permanent update of hardware and

programming subsequent to aeroplane modification
sufficient for the Qualification Level sought.
y.1 Daily pre-flight documentation either in the daily log

or in a location easily accessible for review is
required.
1-C-21
01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
01.05.08
STANDARDS LEVEL
JAR-FSTD A
COMPLIANCE
2. Motion system
a.1 Motion cues as perceived by the pilot For FSTDs where motion systems are
shall be representative of the aeroplane, not specifically required, but have been
e.g. touchdown cues shall be a function added, they will be assessed to ensure
of the simulated rate of descent. that they do not adversely affect the
qualification of the FSTD.
b.1 A motion system shall: Statement of Compliance required.
(1) Provide sufficient cueing, which Tests required.

may be of a generic nature to
accomplish the required tasks.
1-C-22
(2) Have a minimum of 3 degrees of
freedom (pitch, roll & heave).
(3) Produce cues at least equivalent to

those of a six-degrees-of-freedom
synergistic platform motion system.
c.1 A means of recording the motion

response time as required.
SECTION 1
STANDARDS LEVEL
SECTION 1
COMPLIANCE
2. Motion system
d.1 Motion effects programming shall include: For Level ‘A’FFS: Effects may be of a
generic nature sufficient to accomplish
(1) Effects of runway rumble, oleo the required tasks.
deflections, groundspeed, uneven
runway, centreline lights and
taxiway characteristics.
(2) Buffets on the ground due to

spoiler/speedbrake extension and
thrust reversal.
(3) Bumps associated with the landing

gear.
1-C-23
(4) Buffet during extension and
retraction of landing gear.
(5) Buffet in the air due to flap and

spoiler/speedbrake extension.
(6) Approach to stall buffet.
(7) Touchdown cues for main and nose

gear.
(8) Nose wheel scuffing.
(9) Thrust effect with brakes set.
(See next page)
01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
01.05.08
STANDARDS LEVEL
JAR-FSTD A
COMPLIANCE
2. Motion system
d.1 (continued)
(10) Mach and manoeuvre buffet.
(11) Tyre failure dynamics.

(12) Engine malfunction and engine

damage.
(13) Tail and pod strike.
1-C-24
e.1 Motion vibrations: Tests with recorded Statement of Compliance required.
results that allow the comparison of
relative amplitudes versus frequency are Tests required.
required.
Characteristic motion vibrations that

result from operation of the aeroplane in
so far as vibration marks an event or
aeroplane state that can be sensed at the
flight deck shall be present. The FSTD
shall be programmed and instrumented in
such a manner that the characteristic
vibration modes can be measured and
compared with aeroplane data.
SECTION 1
FLIGHT SIMULATOR TRAINING DEVICE FS LEVEL FTD FNPT LEVEL BITD
STANDARDS LEVEL
SECTION 1
COMPLIANCE
3 Visual System
a.1 The visual system shall meet all the For FTDs, FNPT 1s and BITDs, when visual
standards enumerated as applicable to systems have been added by the FSTD
the level of qualification requested by the operator even though not attracting specific
applicant. credits, they will be assessed to ensure that
they do not adversely affect the qualification
of the FSTD.
For FTDs if the visual system is to be used

for the training of manoeuvring by visual
reference (such as route and airfield
competence) then the visual system should
at least comply with that required for level A
FFS.
1-C-25
b.1 Continuous minimum collimated visual SOC is acceptable in place of this test.
field-of-view of 45 degrees horizontal and
30 degrees vertical field of view
simultaneously for each pilot.
b.2 Continuous, cross-cockpit, minimum Consideration shall be given to optimising

collimated visual field of view providing the vertical field of view for the respective
each pilot with 180 degrees horizontal aeroplane cut-off angle.
and 40 degrees vertical field of view.
Application of tolerances require the field SOC is acceptable in place of this test.
of view to be not less than a total of 176
measured degrees horizontal field of view
(including not less than ±88 measured
degrees either side of the centre of the
design eye point) and not less than a total
of 36 measured degrees vertical field of
view from the pilot’s and co-pilot’s eye
points.
01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
01.05.08
STANDARDS LEVEL
JAR-FSTD A
COMPLIANCE
3 Visual System
b.3 A visual system (night/dusk or day) capable The visual system need not be collimated but
of providing a field-of-view of a minimum of shall be capable of meeting the standards laid
45 degrees horizontally and 30 degrees down in Part 3 and 4 (Validation, Functions and
vertically, unless restricted by the type of Subjective Tests - See ACJ No.1 to JAR-FSTD
aeroplane, simultaneously for each pilot, A.030).
including adjustable cloud base and visibility.
SOC is acceptable in place of this test.
c.1 A means of recording the visual response

time for visual systems.
d.1 System Geometry. The system fitted shall Test required. A Statement of Compliance is
1-C-26
be free from optical discontinuities and acceptable in place of this test.
artefacts that create non-realistic cues.
e.1 Visual textural cues to assess sink rate For Level ‘A’ FFS visual cueing shall be
and depth perception during take-off and sufficient to support changes in approach
landing shall be provided. path by using runway perspective.
f.1 Horizon, and attitude shall correlate to the Statement of Compliance required.
simulated attitude indicator.
g.1 Occulting - A minimum of ten levels shall Occulting shall be demonstrated.

be available.
Statement of Compliance required.
h.1 Surface (Vernier) resolution shall occupy Test and Statement of Compliance required
a visual angle of not greater than 2 arc containing calculations confirming
minutes in the visual display used on a resolution.
scene from the pilot’s eyepoint.
SECTION 1
STANDARDS LEVEL
SECTION 1
COMPLIANCE
3 Visual System
i.1 Surface contrast ratio shall be Test and Statement of Compliance required.
demonstrated by a raster drawn test
pattern showing a contrast ratio of not
less than 5:1
j.1 Highlight brightness shall be Test and Statement of Compliance required.

demonstrated using a raster drawn test Use of calligraphic lights to enhance raster
pattern. The highlight brightness shall not brightness is acceptable.

2
be less than 20 cd/m (6ft-lamberts).
k.1 Light point size – not greater than 5 arc Test and Statement of Compliance required.
minutes. This is equivalent to a light point resolution
of 2.5 arc minutes.
1-C-27
l.1 Light point contrast ratio – not less than Test and Statement of compliance required.
10:1
l.2 Light point contrast ratio – not less than Test and Statement of compliance required.
25:1.
m.1 Daylight, twilight and night visual Statement of Compliance required for
capability as applicable for level of system capability.
qualification sought.
System objective and scene content tests
are required.
m.2 The visual system shall be capable of

meeting, as a minimum, the system
brightness and contrast ratio criteria as
applicable for level of qualification sought
01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
01.05.08
STANDARDS LEVEL
JAR-FSTD A
COMPLIANCE
3 Visual System
m.3 Total scene content shall be comparable

in detail to that produced by 10000 visible
textured surfaces and (in day) 6000
visible lights or (in twilight or night) 15000
visible lights, and sufficient system
capacity to display 16 simultaneously
moving objects.
m.4 The system, when used in training, shall

provide in daylight, full colour
presentations and sufficient surfaces with
appropriate textural cues to conduct a
1-C-28
visual approach, landing and airport
movement (taxi). Surface shading effects
shall be consistent with simulated (static)
sun position.
SECTION 1
STANDARDS LEVEL
SECTION 1
COMPLIANCE
3 Visual System

provide at twilight, as a minimum, full
colour presentations of reduced ambient
intensity, sufficient surfaces with
appropriate textural cues that include self-
illuminated objects such as road
networks, ramp lighting and airport
signage, to conduct a visual approach,

landing and airport movement (taxi).
Scenes shall include a definable horizon
and typical terrain characteristics such as
fields, roads and bodies of water and
surfaces illuminated by representative
1-C-29
ownship lighting (e.g. landing lights). If
provided, directional horizon lighting shall
have correct orientation and be consistent
with surface shading effects.

provide at night, as a minimum, all
features applicable to the twilight scene,
as defined above, with the exception of
the need to portray reduced ambient
intensity that removes ground cues that
are not self-illuminating or illuminated by
ownship lights (e.g. landing lights).
01.05.08
JAR-FSTD A
01.05.08
STANDARDS LEVEL
JAR-FSTD A
COMPLIANCE
4 Sound System
a.1 Significant flight deck sounds which result For FNPT Level I and BITD engine sounds
from pilot actions corresponding to those only need be available
of the aeroplane or class of aeroplane.
b.1 Sound of precipitation, rain removal Statement of Compliance required.

equipment and other significant aeroplane

noises perceptible to the pilot during
normal and abnormal operations and the
sound of a crash when the FSTD is
landed in excess of limitations.
1-C-30
c.1 Comparable amplitude and frequency of Tests required.
flight deck noises, including engine and
airframe sounds. The sounds shall be co-
ordinated with the required weather.
d.1 The volume control shall have an

indication of sound level setting which
meets all qualification requirements.
SECTION 1

JAR-FSTD-A Sec1 0508

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JAR-FSTD A: AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICES

LIST OF JAR DOCUMENTS

[LIST OF JAR DOCUMENTS Issue 99 May 2008]

JAR-1, DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS Amendment 6 1 November 2004

JAR-21, CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES FOR Amendment 7 1 February 2007

JAR-22, SAILPLANES AND POWERED SAILPLANES Amendment 9 1 February 2007

JAR-23, NORMAL, UTILITY, AEROBATIC, AND Amendment 3 1 February 2007

JAR-25, LARGE AEROPLANES Amendment 20 1 December 2007

JAR-26, ADDITIONAL AIRWORTHINESS Amendment 3 1 December 2005

JAR-27, SMALL ROTORCRAFT Amendment 6 1 December 2007

JAR-29, LARGE ROTORCRAFT Amendment 6 1 December 2007

JAR-36, AIRCRAFT NOISE Amendment 2 1 February 2007

JAR-39, AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES Issued 1 January 2003

JAR-66, CERTIFYING STAFF MAINTENANCE Amendment 2 1 February 2007

JAR-145, APPROVED MAINTENANCE Amendment 7 1 February 2007

JAR-147, APPROVED MAINTENANCE TRAINING/ Amendment 3 1 February 2007

JAR-APU, AUXILIARY POWER UNITS Amendment 5 1 February 2007

JAR-E, ENGINES Amendment 14 1 February 2007

JAR-M CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS Initial Issue 1 December 2007

JAR-P, PROPELLERS Amendment 9 1 February 2007

JAR-TSO, JOINT TECHNICAL STANDARD ORDERS Amendment 8 1 February 2007

JAR-AWO, ALL WEATHER OPERATIONS Amendment 4 1 February 2007

JAR-VLA, VERY LIGHT AEROPLANES Amendment 2 1 February 2007

[JAR-OPS 1, COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORTATION

JAR-OPS 3, COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORTATION Amendment 5 1 July 2007

JAR-FCL 1, FLIGHT CREW LICENSING (AEROPLANE) Amendment 7 1 December 2006

JAR-FCL 2, FLIGHT CREW LICENSING (HELICOPTER) Amendment 6 1 February 2007

JAR-FCL 3, FLIGHT CREW LICENSING (MEDICAL) Amendment 5 1 December 2006

JAR-FCL 4, FLIGHT CREW LICENSING (FLIGHT ENGINEERS) Amendment 3 1 September 2005

[JAR-FSTD A, AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATION

JAR-STD 1A, AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATORS Amendment 3 1 July 2003

JAR-STD 2A, AEROPLANE FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICES Issued 1 July 1999

JAR-STD 3A, FLIGHT & NAVIGATION PROCEDURES Change 1 1 June 1999

JAR-STD 4A, BASIC INSTRUMENT TRAINING DEVICES Issued 1 May 2002

[JAR-FSTD H, HELICOPTER FLIGHT SIMULATION

JAR-STD 1H, HELICOPTER FLIGHT SIMULATORS Issued 1 April 2001

JAR-STD 2H, HELICOPTER FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICES Issued 1 September 2003

JAR-STD 3H, HELICOPTER FLIGHT & NAVIGATION Issued 1 May 2002

JAR-MMEL/MEL, MASTER MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST / Amendment 1 1 August 2005

GAI-20, JOINT ADVISORY MATERIAL – ADVISORY Amendment 3 1 February 2007

JAR-34, AIRCRAFT ENGINE EMISSIONS Amendment 2 1 February 2007

JAR-VLR, VERY LIGHT HELICOPTERS Amendment 2 1 February 2007

Joint Aviation Authorities

All rights reserved

*These countries are:

CONTENTS (general layout)

AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICES

SECTION 2 – ADVISORY CIRCULARS JOINT (ACJ)

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AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICES

General and Presentation 1-0-1

SUBPART C – AEROPLANE FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICES

SECTION 2 – ADVISORY CIRCULARS JOINT (ACJ)

General and Presentation 2-0-1

ACJ C – AEROPLANE FSTDS

ACJ No. 2 to Guidance on Design and Qualification of Level “A” 2-C-130

ACJ No.2 to Engineering Simulator Validation Data – Approved Guidelines 2-C-141

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK