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    Nutition

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    Rica Marquez
    This document outlines methods for nutritional screening and assessment. It describes rapid screening methods like the Rapid Nutrition Screen and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool to identify individuals at nutritional risk. For nutritional status assessment, it discusses anthropometric measures like ideal body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and body composition tests. It also covers collecting dietary and nutritional history through methods like food records, 24-hour recalls, and food frequency questionnaires. Biochemical data and malnutrition types are briefly mentioned.

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    Nutition

    Uploaded by

    Rica Marquez
    34 views2 pages
    This document outlines methods for nutritional screening and assessment. It describes rapid screening methods like the Rapid Nutrition Screen and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool to identify individuals at nutritional risk. For nutritional status assessment, it discusses anthropometric measures like ideal body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and body composition tests. It also covers collecting dietary and nutritional history through methods like food records, 24-hour recalls, and food frequency questionnaires. Biochemical data and malnutrition types are briefly mentioned.

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    This document outlines methods for nutritional screening and assessment. It describes rapid screening methods like the Rapid Nutrition Screen and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool to identify individuals at nutritional risk. For nutritional status assessment, it discusses anthropometric measures like ideal body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and body composition tests. It also covers collecting dietary and nutritional history through methods like food records, 24-hour recalls, and food frequency questionnaires. Biochemical data and malnutrition types are briefly mentioned.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    34 views2 pages

    Nutition

    Uploaded by

    Rica Marquez
    This document outlines methods for nutritional screening and assessment. It describes rapid screening methods like the Rapid Nutrition Screen and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool to identify individuals at nutritional risk. For nutritional status assessment, it discusses anthropometric measures like ideal body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and body composition tests. It also covers collecting dietary and nutritional history through methods like food records, 24-hour recalls, and food frequency questionnaires. Biochemical data and malnutrition types are briefly mentioned.

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    NUTRITIONAL SCREENING

     Main objective: To identify malnourished individuals and/ are at ↑ nutritional risk


     Advantages: simple, specific, efficient, quick, reliable, inexpensive

    ADULT NUTRITION SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT ALGORITHM

     Involuntary loss or gain of wt: >10% (6mos) or >5% (1mo)


     Wt of 20% over or under ideal body weight
     Altered diets: total parenteral or enteral nutrition, recent surgery
     Inadequate nutrition intake for >7 days

    RAPID NUTRITION SCREENING METHODS

     Rapid Nutrition Screen: lost weight w/o trying, lost _ kg, eating poorly/ decreased appetite
    o 2 or more: at risk for malnutrition
     Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool: BMI, % wt loss, acutely ill (likely w/o intake >5 days)
    o 0 (low risk), 1 (medium risk), >2 (high risk)
     Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire: unintentional wt loss, decreased appetite, tube feedings
    o 0-1(well nourished), 2 (moderately malnourished), >3 (severely malnourished)

    NUTRITIONAL STATUS ASSESSMENT

    ANTHROPOMETRIC

     Ideal Body Weight (IBW)


    o Hamwi Method (in lbs) : M=106 (1st 5 ft) + 6 (succeeding ft); F=100 + 5
    o Tannhausser’s (in kg): IBW= (Ht in cm – 100) – [0.10 x (Ht in cm – 100)]
     BMI = kg/m2; diagnose obesity; Overestimation (muscular indiv) Underestimation (lost muscle mass)
    o <18.5 (Under), 18.5-22.9 (normal), 23-24.9 (Over), 25-29.9 (obese 1), >30 (obese2)
     WC: abdominal fat; F (>31 inches, 80 cm), M (>35 inches, 90 cm); ↑visceral fat: ↑insulin resistance
     Body Composition: measures amount and distribution of fat and lean body mass
    o Skin Fold Measurement: subcutaneous fat(50% of TBF), <3mm: complete exhaustion of fat store
    o Middle Arm Muscle Circumference (MAMC): skeletal muscle mass;
    o Dual Energy Xray Absorption (DEXA): diff densities of FM, bone, lean body mass; EXPENSIVE
    o Total Body Water: allow for calculation of total body fat; used in research
    o Total Body Potassium: K40 isotope(0.012%); used in research

    DIETARY, NUTRITIONAL HISTORY, CURRENTINTAKE

     Risk for nutritional problems: inadequate intake, impaired absorption, ↓utilization, ↑ losses and req

    Methods to Collect Data

     Nutrition History
     1-7 Day Food Record: GOLD STD; measure for quantification; ¤ most accurate, !time intensive, undereported
     24-Hour Food Recall: open ended questions; ¤ standardize !retrospective (depends on memory)
     Usual Daily Intake: snap shot of eating behavior; ¤ more representative, ! not useful for accurate assessment
     Food Frequency Questionnaire: large epidemiological studies, ! limited number of food and choices
     Factors affecting food req.:
    o ↑needs (growth, lactation, fever, recovery, stress, trauma, smoking, alcohol, aging)
    o change in absorption (GI illness, drug-nutrient or nutrient-nutrient interaction)
    o change in storage, processing, or activation of a nutrient (interaction with drugs & nutrient)
    o change in excretion of nutrient (GI motility issues, diet intake, fiber intake)
    o change in transport (pH changes, protein carrier availability)
    o effects of nutrient drug interaction

    BIOCHEMICAL OR LABORATORY DATA: assess micronutrient intake and deficiency


     Prolonged PT(normal:12-15sec): Vit K deficiency, anticoagulant therapy, sever liver disease
     Low Albumin levels: infection, burns, trauma, CHF, fluid overload, severe liver disease

    MALNUTRITION: 1o (inadequate/ poor quality food intake), 2o (diseases alter food intake)

     Starvation Related to Malnutrition: without inflammation Marasmus


     Chronic Disease Related Malnutrition: chronic inflammation (mild to mod) cachexia
     Acute Disease Related Malnutrition: acute inflammation (severe) Kwashiorkor
     Marasmus:
     Kwashiorkor:
     Cachexia:

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