NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS

International Journal of Research Publications in Engineering and Technology [IJRPET]

ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 3, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2017
A MICROCONTROLLER BASED APPROACH TO THE SOLAR TRACKING
CHARACTERIZATION
MR. DEVENDRA D. PATIL
U.G., Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, BATU, Lonere

PROF. R. H. MADHAVI
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, BATU, Lonere

ABSTRACT: extreme force of Sunlight is hit. At the point when

Solar energy is imperative method for the power of Sunlight is diminishing, this system
growing renewable energy resources. In this paper is naturally alters its course to get most extreme force
portrayed the plan and development of a of Sunlight. LDR light indicator goes about as a
microcontroller based solar board following system. sensor is utilized to follow the arrangement of the
Solar is a nonconventional wellspring of energy, Sunlight by identifying shine level of Sunlight. While
considering this we have created solar boards with to turn the fitting position of the board, a DC geared
the goal that we can satisfy our electricity required. motor is utilized. The system is controlled by two
Be that as it may, because of transformation of the transfers as a DC geared motor driver and a
earth, solar source i.e. sun does not confront the microcontroller as a fundamental processor. This
board persistently consequently less electricity is venture is secured for a solitary hub and is intended
delivered. The energy board ought to confront the for low power and private use applications. From the
SUN till it is available in a day. The issue above can equipment testing, the system can track and take
be understood by our system via programmed after the Sunlight force keeping in mind the end goal
following the solar energy. The block outline to get greatest solar power at the output in any case
beneath shows system design it comprise of a LDR motor speed.
sensor detects max solar power which is being given KEYWORDS: Solar energy, solar panel, dc motor,
to the Microcontroller through the ADC which LDR, etc.
digitizes the LDR output. Controller then takes the
choice as indicated by then calculation and tilts the INTRODUCTION:
board towards the bearing of the maximum energy In most recent ten years, large portions of
given by LDR with the assistance of DC Motor. The residentials around the globe utilized electric solar
Motor is utilized to turn the LDR to detect the system as a sub power at their homes. This is on account
maximum solar power. A Solar Tracker is of solar energy is a boundless energy asset, set to wind
fundamentally a gadget onto which solar boards are up distinctly progressively critical in the more extended
fitted which tracks the movement of the sun over the term, for giving electricity and warmth energy to the
sky guaranteeing that the greatest measure of client. Solar energy likewise can possibly be the
sunlight strikes the boards for the duration of the significant energy supply later on. Solar tracker is a
day. In the wake of finding the sunlight, the tracker computerized solar board that really takes after the Sun
will attempt to explore through the way to build the power. The sun's position in the sky shifts
guaranteeing the best sunlight is recognized. It is both with hardware over any settled position. One surely
totally programmed and keeps the board before sun understood sort of solar tracker is the heliostat, a mobile
until that is obvious. Its dynamic sensors always mirror that mirrors the moving sun to a settled area;
screen the sunlight and turn the board towards the however numerous different methodologies are utilized
course where the power of sunlight is greatest. as well.Active trackers utilize motors and rigging trains
Private that utilizations solar power as their option to coordinate the tracker as told by a controller reacting
power supply will convey advantages to them. The to the solar course. The solar tracker can be utilized for a
fundamental target of this venture is to advancement few applications, for example, solar cells, solar day-
of a programmed solar following system whereby lighting system and solar warm clusters. The solar
the system will brought on solar boards will keep tracker is extremely helpful for gadget that necessities
adjusted to the Sunlight with a specific end goal to more sunlight for higher productivity, for example, solar
amplify in gathering solar power. The system cell. A considerable lot of the solar boards had been
concentrates on the controller plan whereby it will situated on a settled surface, for example, a rooftop. As
brought about the system can tracks the most sun is a moving article, this approach is not the best
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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
International Journal of Research Publications in Engineering and Technology [IJRPET]
ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 3, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2017
technique. One of the arrangements is to effectively track solar tracker outline, sensors are utilized. For instance, a
the sun utilizing a sun GPS beacon to move the solar light sensor or photo sensor called light-subordinate
board to take after the Sun. With the Sun continually resistor (LDR) to demonstrate the force of the radiation
confronting the board, the most extreme energy can be (that progressions its electrical resistance from a few
consumed, as the board is working at their most thousand Ohms oblivious to just a couple of hundred
noteworthy effectiveness. The fundamental purpose Ohms when light falls upon it). The signs were then
behind this venture is to get the most extreme caught by the microcontroller that gives a flag to the
productivity for the solar cells. In spite of the fact that motors to turn the board so as to track the solar energy
there are numerous solar trackers in the market, the cost for greatest power output. Subsequently, the primary
is costly and exorbitant in light of the fact that the distinction between the dynamic trackers is the capacity
market for solar tracker is still new and just certain to diminish the directing blunder utilizing outside
nations utilize the solar tracker, for example, USA and sensors, in this manner expanding the every day
South Korea. The huge scale solar tracker that typically irradiation the solar cells get and the electric energy that
utilized is not reasonable for the private utilize. they delivered. A similar review demonstrates that, the
Subsequently, this venture will build up a Sun following power utilization by the GPS beacon is just 2-3 % of the
system uniquely intended for private use for a minimal expanded energy. The yearly energy accessible to the
effort solar cell.Previous specialists and utilized LDR and two hub tracker was 72% higher than a settled surface
photodiode as sensors individually. In the interim and and 30% for single pivot East-to-West tracker.
utilized DC motor with rigging and more extreme motor
separately. Those ventures have burdens and a portion
of the detriments are high cost amid improvement, hard
to control motor speed and hard to plan since utilizing
microchip. The primary goal for this venture is to build
up the sun following solar system show which is a gadget
that take after the development of the Sun paying little
mind to motor speed. Besidesthat, it is to enhance the
general electricity generation utilizing single pivot sun
following system and furthermore to give the outline to
private utilize. LDR or light ward resistor has been
picked as the sensor on the grounds that LDR is Fig 1: Block Diagram of automatic solar tracker system
ordinarily utilized as a part of sun following system. This
is on the grounds that LDR is touchy to the light. The
AT89S52 is 8-bit microcontroller from Atmel
resistance of LDR will diminishes with expanding Semiconductors. This comes into 8051 family
episode light force. For the controller, AT89S52 had been microcontroller. This is the heart of the venture. The
picked. This ATMEL programming will give the beat to entire control rationale program is put away in this
the driver to move the motor. For the driver, microcontroller. It sends and gets control and
bidirectional DC motor control utilizing transfer has
information signals to LCD, Stepper motor and to
been utilized. The motor controller had been picked on alternate Devices in view of the program logic.ADC0808
the grounds that it can control the motor to pivot
gets the simple output from LDRs and solar board. It
clockwise and counter-clockwise effectively. DC geared changes over them to advanced shape. These advanced
motor likewise been picked in light of the fact that it has signals are given to the microcontroller. SOLAR PANEL is
a hold torque up to 24 kg.cm and low rpm. Last however a photo voltaic cell and this believer’s light energy into
no minimum, LM7805 is utilized to change over the inpu electrical energy. The output voltage of the solar board
voltage from the source to 5 V output in light of the fact relies on upon the measure of light falling on the board.
that incorporated circuit just need 5 V to operate. LDR SENSORS-This is a light ward resistor. The
resistance of the gadget is contrarily corresponding to
PROPOSED METHOD MICROCONTROLLER BASED the measure of light falling on its surface. On the off
SOLAR TRACKER:
chance that light falls on the gadget, its resistance drops
In the microcontroller based solar tracker significantly bringing about electron flow. LDRs are
systems, a controller is associated with DC motors. For utilized as light sensors.
the most part to monitor the power generation, they L293D MOTOR DRIVER - L293D Driver looks at
additionally associated this GPS beacon to a PC by a code the LDR values and the motor is turned in like manner.
written in Assembly or Embedded C language. In this

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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
International Journal of Research Publications in Engineering and Technology [IJRPET]
ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 3, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2017
The solar board that is connected to the motor will be When LDR1 has higher light force than LDR2 then the
turned by the heading of motor. resistance of LDR1 is littler than that of LDR2 then
DC MOTOR-The DC motor is utilized to pivot the voltage at CH-1 is higher than that of CH-2 and the DC
solar board. The DC motor makes genuine and correct motor turns the solar board in the counter clockwise
numbe of turns or degrees of pivot trained by the course. When LDR2 has higher light force than LDR1
microcontroller. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY-16 X 2 LCD then the resistance of LDR1 is bigger than that of LDR2
is utilized to display the status of the output. HD44780U then voltage at CH-1 is littler than that of CH-2 and the
is utilized as a part of the venture. A solitary HD44780U DC motor pivots the solar board in the clockwise
can display up to one 8-character line or two 8-character heading. The stable position is the point at which the two
lines. The HD44780U has stick work similarity with the LDRs having a similar light force. The system is
HD44780S which permits the client to effectively controlled by a microcontroller as the primary
supplant a LCD-II with a HD44780U. The HD44780U processor. At the point when the force of Sunlight is
character generator ROM is stretched out to generate diminishing, this system consequently alters its course to
208 5X8 dab character text styles and 32 5X10 dab get most extreme power of Sunlight and generate
character textual styles for an aggregate of 240 diverse greatest power at the output.
character textual styles. CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR-A crystal
is utilized to supply clock recurrence to the CONCLUSION:
microcontroller. The clock recurrence is 11.0592MHz. Single Axis Solar Tracking System model is
11.0592 MHz crystals are frequently utilized on the effectively created. The planned system is spotlights on
grounds that it can be partitioned to give you correct outlining controller part and the primary concern is to
clock rates for a large portion of the basic baud rates. configuration proper circuits and the circuits assume to
POWER SUPPLY-this venture need 5V controlled have the capacity to control DC outfit motor turn course
DC power supply. This power supply is worked with a without considering motor speed. The system can track
full wave connect rectifier, C-channel and a three and take after Sunlight force so as to gather most
terminal voltage controller. A LED is accommodated extreme solar power paying little heed to motor
visual distinguishing proof of the power supply. speed.The extraordinary of created system, motor speed
230V/12V stage down transformer is utilized to venture is not basic consideration because the DC geared motor
down the AC 230 V to 12V AC. offers low output appraised speed and high output
evaluated torque.Therefore any sorts of DC geared
TRACKING PRINCIPLE: motor can be utilized for this system paying little respect
An automated solar tracker permits the board to to motor speed controller unit the length of the speed
play out an estimated 3-dimensional (3-D) and torque of the motor are taking after the given detail.
hemispheroidal turn to track the sun's development The built system model can be connected in the local
amid the day keeping in mind the end goal to amplify in location for option electricity generation particularly for
gathering solar power. Light assembling is subject to the non-basic and low power apparatuses.
edge of frequency of the light source giving power (i.e.
the sun) to the solar cell's surface. Day sunlight will have REFERENCES
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International Journal of Research Publications in Engineering and Technology [IJRPET]
ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 3, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2017
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