Design of A Intellectualized Ultrasonic Generator: Xiyang Liu, Xiaodong Cui, Fuhua Ma

International Conference on Education Technology and Social Science (ICETSS 2014)
Design of a intellectualized ultrasonic generator

Xiyang Liu 1, Xiaodong Cui 2, Fuhua Ma3
1
College of Information Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
2
Science and Technology Department of Hainan province, Haikou 570203, China
3
School of Information Science and Engineering, Guangxi University For Nationalities, Nanning,
530006, China
Keywords: ultrasonic; frequency tracking; single chip microcomputer
Abstract. The structure, operation principle and realizable method of a ultrasonic generator are
introduced in this paper. It can realize the best frequency search. Output power can be adjusted.
1 Introduction
Power ultrasonic technology has been widely applied in various aspects of chemistry [1]. Power
ultrasound can accelerate and control chemical reaction, improve reaction yield, reduce reaction
condition and cause new chemical reaction [2]. It is of unique efficiency in chemical reaction [3].
Power ultrasound has already become a new research hotspot. However, most existing ultrasonic
excitation devices can only be used for excitation of transducer in single model within a narrow
range. Besides, it is very difficult for power to reach continuous adjustment from 0 to full load. To
meet experimental requirements, we designed and developed high-efficiency ultrasonic excitation
source with very strong universality and continuously controllable broadband and output power.
This excitation source can produce ultrasonic drive signals between 20KHZ and 500KHZ. The
maximum output power can reach 500W, realizing automatic searching of the optimum resonant
frequency between transducer and series inductance, and providing convenience for replacement of
transducer in different models.
For monitoring of environmental pollutants, it is generally necessary for treatment of
environmental samples, so as to separate target objects from matrixes and make it convenient for
separation detection in the next stage. For traditional and conventional methods, considerable toxic
organic reagents need to be used, with tedious procedures and large workload. In recent years,
therefore, many methods are proposed for improvement. We have successfully applied the
researched excitation source into marked soil samples (the method of ultrasonic-assisted extraction
[4]
is adopted). The application turns out to be of good effects.
2 Circuit composition of system hardware

The system is composed of single chip microcomputer AT89S52, ultrasonic frequency signal
generator, numerical control DC power supply, resonance matching detection and power
amplification output. Schematic diagram of the system is shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 Schematic Diagram of the System

2.1 Ultrasonic frequency signal generator
Ultrasonic frequency signal generator will produce an ultrasonic frequency voltage signal as
© 2014. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 159
signal source of power amplification circuit in the next stage. In this paper, MAX038
high-frequency precision waveform generator is adopted as signal source. This generator can
produce sine wave and several waveforms between 0.1Hz and 20MHz, with the maximum
frequency as high as 40MHz. Through control over levels of input pins A0 and A1 of MAX038,
rectangular wave, triangular wave and sine wave can be generated respectively. When ends of A0
and A1 are placed at 01, sine wave can be generated. When ends of A0 and A1 are placed at 00,
rectangular wave can be generated. When ends of A0 and A1 are placed at 10, triangular wave can
be generated. Rectangular wave is adopted as waveform of this system. A0 and A1 are directly
placed at 00, as shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 Schematic Diagram of Ultrasonic Frequency Signal Generator

After the determination of the value of Cf, output frequency of MAX038 is mainly controlled by
input current at IIN end, but it is affected by voltage at FADJ and DADJ ends. For control over
current IIN, digital potentiometer X9241 is externally connected between the two pins: IIN and REF.
According to the requirements of output frequency between 20KHZ and 500KHZ, Cf is designed as
330PF, which can cover the frequency range of 10KHZ - 1MHZ. The range of frequency is large
enough. After the determination of the value of Cf, IIN can be adjusted through adjustment to the
value of digital potentiometer, so as to adjust center frequency of MAX038 and thus make fine
adjustment to output frequency through 12-digit D/A convertor MAX5302 connected to Pin FADJ
of MAX038. 12-digit D/A convertor divides the frequency range of 20K - 500KHz into small
enough frequency intervals. These small frequency intervals are used for scanning search of
resonant frequency of transducer and series matching inductance. In actual use, it can allow
transducer to work in the optimum resonance state.
2.2 Power amplification circuit
Push-pull, semi-bridge, full-bridge and other patterns can be adopted for ultrasonic power
amplification circuit. The voltage is not high on full-bridge circuit switch tube, which is applicable
to relatively large power output. The maximum output power of ultrasonic system researched in this
paper is 500W. Full- bridge circuit is selected. For switch tube, IRFP460 produced by IR Company
is selected as power amplifier. To realize controllable output power, two plans are generally used at
present. In the first plant, turn-on time ratio of switch tube is changed by changing duty ratio of
rectangular wave, so as to adjust output power. In the second plan, amplitude of AC output voltage
is changed by changing DC voltage on full-bridge circuit, so as to adjust the output power. Upon
comparison, the second plan is of simple drive circuit, and it is easier to realize adjustment to output
power from 0 to full load. Therefore, the second plan is adopted in this paper. Fig. 3 shows the
schematic diagram.
160
Fig 3. Schematic Diagram of Power Amplification Circuit
Exclusive driver chip IR2110 is adopted as drive of full-bridge power amplification circuit, with
transformer coupling output. In Fig. 3, D1, D2, D3 and D4 are fast recovery diodes. C1, C2, C3 and C4
stand for output capacitance of field efficiency tube. Square wave excitation mode is adopted for
full-bridge circuit. Under the excitation of square wave, full bridge is conductive for all tubes at
diagonal lines at the same time. Working sequence of MOSFET is shown as follows: M1 and M4 are
conductive first. At the same time, M2 and M3 are cut off, followed by M1 and M4. At the same time,
M2 and M3 are conductive, or opened or closed in the opposite sequence. During power adjustment,
AT89S52 is used to adjust input voltage of numerical control DC power supply through D/A
convertor, making it to change between 0V and 5V, so as to drive changes of output voltage VCC,
achieve the purpose of changing amplitude of current voltage on transformer, and thus control
output power of ultrasonic wave.
2.3 Resonance matching detection
During operation of ultrasonic transducer, it should be operated under resonance state. Or, the
conversion efficiency is low from electric energy and mechanical energy. At the same time, the
service life of devices will be affected as well. Resonant frequency of ultrasonic transducer is
mainly decided by its features and load characteristics. However, this resonant frequency will be
also affected by load and a series of factors. Drifting will be produced. Therefore, real-time
detection for operation of transducer under resonance state and realization of automatic tracking of
automatic tracking are of great importance in ultrasonic devices.
While connected to circuit for operation, transducer must be provided with corresponding
matching network. The most common method is to use single inductance for its matching. Single
inductance matching includes two patterns: series connection and parallel connection. However,
active resistance of ultrasonic system has no change after shunt inductance. At the same time, this
pattern lacks filter action. However, series inductance can reduce active resistance and give
consideration to tune and filter action at the same time. Therefore, series inductance matching is
adopted. Transducer before and after series inductance are analyzed by sweeper. Fig. 4 shows its
conductivity response curve.
161
Fig. 4 Conductivity Response Curve of Transducer after Series Tuning
As shown in Fig. 4, the conductivity of ultrasonic transducer has two peak values after series
inductance. The latter peak value is caused by impedance change due to addition of inductance. It is
suitable for work of transducer at this frequency. In this system, load is first subject to frequency
sweeping once after startup. The frequency at the two maximum peak values is judged by detecting
and comparing effective values of transducer current, so as to take the smaller frequency as datum
resonant frequency of the system. Due to dynamic influence of load, however, actual resonant
frequency will fluctuate in the operating process. Within a certain range around datum frequency,
therefore, automatic tracking of transducer resonant frequency can be realized by adjusting the
frequency of excitation source with single chip microcomputer to maximize output current of the
system. In this system, current value is measured by connecting in series a 0.5Ω sample resistance
between transducer and the ground and then collecting current signal of the transducer. This signal
is converted into true virtual value via AC signal/ effective value conversion chip. Then, the signal
is sampled by A/D collection chip MAX199, and then sent to single chip microcomputer for
comparison and processing, so as to determine whether output frequency reaches resonance
requirements of the transducer, as shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 5 Resonance Detection Signal Collection Circuit
3 System software design

The goal of system software design is to make ultrasonic system to work under resonance state
according to present power. In the realization process, drifting of resonant frequency is judged by
the system through detecting changes of current. If drifting exists, the operating frequency will be
adjusted to a new resonant frequency. The whole system procedure includes main program,
resonant frequency search subprogram and power control subprogram. The purpose of power
control subprogram is to make the system to work according to preset output power, including the
design on man-machine interaction program. Fig. 6 shows the process of resonant frequency search
subprogram.
In the frequency search process, 12-digit D/A convertor is used to divide the range of output
frequency of MAX038 into frequency intervals (ᇞf) small enough. Due to the existence of ᇞf,
however, the maximum current frequency searched may be slightly less than or greater than series
162
resonance frequency. At this moment, the error caused is very small. In projects, they are deemed as
equivalent to each other.
4 Conclusion
In control circuit of ultrasonic excitation system, single chip microcomputer is used to control
relevant parameters, realizing automatic tracking of resonant frequency and continuous adjustment
to output power between 0 and full load. According to the use in chemical experiment, the system is
of simple and convenient operation, compact structure, and strong real-time tracking of frequency,
properly meeting experimental requirements.
Fig. 6 Flowchart of Frequency search subprogram
Acknowledgments
This paper is: 1. education and teaching research project of Hainan University: “Research on
Application of PBL Teaching Method in Teaching of Electronic Information Courses” (No.:
hdjy1330); and 2. scientific research in colleges and universities funded by the Education
Department of Hainan Province: “Program Control Ultrasonic Experiment System” (No.:
Hj2010-03)
References
[1] Li Jida and Zang Hongjun, New Progress of Ultrasonic Wave Applied in Organic Synthesis,
Journal of Hebei University (Natural Science Edition), 2000, Vol. 20 (1);
[2] Li Shuyu, Research Status of Power Ultrasonic Technology and Its New Progress, Journal of
Shaanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2001, Vol. 29 (1);
[3] Chief editor: Yuan Yiquan, Modern Ultrasonic Theory and Application: Section 2 of Chapter 8,
Nanjing University Press, 1996.
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International Conference on Education Technology and Social Science (ICETSS 2014)

Design of a intellectualized ultrasonic generator

Keywords: ultrasonic; frequency tracking; single chip microcomputer

2 Circuit composition of system hardware

Fig. 1 Schematic Diagram of the System

Fig. 2 Schematic Diagram of Ultrasonic Frequency Signal Generator

Fig. 5 Resonance Detection Signal Collection Circuit

3 System software design

Fig. 6 Flowchart of Frequency search subprogram

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